268:
477:
1018:
541:. Following the disbandment of the 1st and 2nd Battalions, serving personnel were transferred to the 3rd Battalion in 1927. In the course of France's general mobilisation in 1939, 12 additional Battalions of Light Infantry (BIL) were created but the historic title of Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa (BILA) was retained only by those units continuing to serve in French North Africa. During 1939-40 both the BIL and the BILA served primarily as construction units, working on fortifications, railways and roads in France, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. All were disbanded between July and October 1940 following the
26:
335:
259:(Royal order) creating this corps provided for 2 battalions, each of 8 companies. A third battalion was created in September 1833. According to the order the rank and file of these units were to be drawn from: (i) serving soldiers who had been sentenced to existing disciplinary companies and who had not completed their period of army service upon release; and (ii) civilian convicts who upon completing terms of imprisonment had still to meet their obligations for compulsory military service.
379:"Biribi" reached a peak between the 1880s and 90s, when it played its most conspicuous role. In May 1888 the corps was enlarged to 5 battalions, each of 6 companies. Three battalions (3rd, 4th and 5th) were based in Tunisia while the remaining units served in the southern districts of Algeria. A detachment of the 4th Btn. was posted to Indochina before 1914. On the eve of the First World War two battalions were on active service in Morocco. During 1914-18 3
1101:
1079:
1090:
54:
1034:. In operation in Morocco, with depots in Mcheyda and El Hadjeb in 19146. During the 1914-1918 war, the 2nd BILA remained stationed in North Africa, but contributed to the formation of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd BMILA, which were called up to fight in Belgium and in metropolitan France. It was disbanded in 1927, after the end of the Rif war. In 1939, it was reconstituted in embryonic form (a single company) in Corsica.
608:) was authorised with the battalion number in yellow on the collar. The medium blue greatcoat of the French infantry was worn on the march. A full dress uniform of dark blue tunic and red trousers (white trousers in hot weather) could be worn on parade or for off-duty wear. From World War I onwards the Bat' d'Af' were distinguished by "violet" (light purple/red) collar patch braiding and numbers on their
1184:("companies of the excluded" i.e. thieves) of the French Army, which were stationed at Aîn-Sefra in Southern Algeria. These penal units consisted of military convicts condemned to five years or more hard labour and were judged unworthy to carry weapons. By contrast the BILA, while strictly disciplined, were considered as armed and serving soldiers with a generally good combat record.
645:
A peculiarity of the BILA was that until 1952 the various battalions did not have the right to carry standards, although this was a universal privilege accorded to other French army regiments. Entitlement to this and other distinctions was persistently argued by the "Association of Former
Officers of
455:
when called up for military service. However those who distinguished themselves "in the face of the enemy", or who had concluded more than eight months of service with good behaviour in the Light
Infantry of Africa, had the option of transferring to regular units of the army to complete their term of
564:
by manning a number of posts in the Bencat sector. Upon returning to
Tunisia in November 1952 it was merged with the depot detachments of the BILA. Now designated as the 3rd BILA, the unit was transferred to Algeria following Tunisian independence in November 1956. The battalion was reduced to one
1029:
On 28 November 1870, during the Franco-Prussian war, the battle of Beaune-la-Rolande took place where two companies of the 2nd BILA, which made up the
African Light Infantry Regiment, were engaged. From 1887 to 1896, the battalion was commanded by Antoine LĂ©onor de Perier, father of general
321:
was besieged by 4,000 Moroccan tribesmen, who were eventually repelled. All three battalions in existence in 1907 were assigned to active service in
Morocco during the French occupation of that country. By 1914 the corps had been expanded to five battalions with depots in
1025:
Formed in 1832 ; disbanded in 1927. Created by order of 3 June 1832 at
Birkhadem, stationed at Bougie, then at Laghouat (Algiers) in 19005. On 1 January 1849, the 2nd BILA, under the command of battalion commander Etienney, was garrisoned at Miliana in Algeria.
601:, yellow collar numbers, and for full dress, red epaulettes with green woollen fringes. As light infantry the Bat' d'Af' wore silver buttons and rank braiding rather than the bronze or gold of the line regiments. A bugle horn appeared on buttons and other insignia.
294:
of the 1st BILA, under
Captain Lelievre, held off repeated assaults by several thousand Arabs. This action won the first battle honour for the corps and was subsequently commemorated in all battalions by memorial ceremonies on 6 February each year.
592:
Throughout most of their history the Bat' d'Af' wore the uniform of the French line infantry, modified according to the overseas conditions under which they had to serve and with some regimental distinctions. The latter included yellow
553:
A single company of the BILA was re-established in April 1944, becoming a full battalion in
September 1948. It was based at Tataouine, the original garrison of the Bat' d'Af'. This formation provided a marching battalion, renamed the
465:" (gangsters), anarchists, professional antimilitarists and thieves, delinquents filled with hatred of bourgeois society, men contemptuous of all morality, shirkers, pimps, knife-handlers, pickpockets... Today, they are soldiers."
432:
sympathies during the 1870s and the ringleaders of several mutinies in metropolitan regiments in the early 1900s. Finally, there were also some volunteers who chose for reasons of promotion or other motives to serve in the
267:
397:
One of the considerations behind the creation and expansion of the French army's disciplinary battalions was the need to resolve a seeming contradiction: men whose crimes in civilian life had resulted in the loss of
526:
451:
Legislation dated 21 March 1905 specified that individuals sentenced to prison terms of six months or more, or who had been convicted of any offence twice or more, should be drafted into the
376:; and won honours during the First World War and in the various colonial wars. They also assumed the role of construction troops, building not only desert forts but also roads and bridges.
633:
appeared during the 1920s and 30s as an alternative to the kepi, which itself could be worn with khaki or white covers according to the occasion. White dress uniforms were reserved for
604:
Prior to 1914, the most commonly worn uniform of these units was white fatigue dress with white covered kepi and blue waist sash. In colder weather a short dark blue jacket (
1705:
406:. As their enlistment in regular units could have spread indiscipline among young serving soldiers, the solution was to draft them into separate disciplinary battalions.
1700:
537:
Their bad reputation and doubts about their efficiency as a mean of rehabilitation led to the dissolution of most
Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa during the
565:
company in
October 1962, which was stationed near the French nuclear testing facilities in the Sahara from 1963 to 1966. This last remaining component of the
1205:
556:
1160:("white cadres"), like the officers, were professional soldiers who served a term with the BILA before continuing their careers with other regiments. The
389:
with distinction (see Battle Honours and Fourragères below). The permanent units remained in French North Africa, providing garrisons and mobile columns.
424:
are commonly described as penal units, their purpose was not punishment but segregation in what were officially described as "redemptive combat units" (
1187:
Upon completion of their sentences the convicts of the disciplinary companies might however be required to complete their military service in the
448:
theories, the disciplinary battalions of the French Republic were supposed to show that criminals could be redeemed through hard work and combat.
1553:"Notice descriptive des nouveaux uniformes. (Décision ministérielle du 9 décembre 1914 mise à jour avec le modificatif du 28 janvier 1915)"
1412:
Jacques Sicard, pages 48-49 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1589:
Jacques Sicard, page 47 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1247:
Jacques Sicard, page 47 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1238:
Jacques Sicard, page 46 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1421:
Jacques Sicard, page 49 "Les Bataillons d'Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1482:
279:
The newly raised Bat' d'Af' saw active service for the first time during the conquest of Algeria. They participated in operations at
1152:
The difficult task of obtaining sufficient non-commissioned officers for the Bat' d'Af' was resolved by creating two categories of
214:, made up of men with prison records who still had to do their military service, or soldiers with serious disciplinary records.
1690:
1085:
1670:
1656:
1633:
1524:
1462:
1439:
1358:
1326:
1295:
428:). In addition to petty criminals and military offenders, the rank and file also included a number of soldiers suspected of
413:
was often older than that of the conscripts of metropolitan units called to do service at 20 years old. Where possible the
373:
162:
1720:
1710:
1256:
1578:
1373:
H-France Review, Dominique Kalifa, Biribi: les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française, review by Richard S. Fogarty.
1337:
H-France Review, Dominique Kalifa, Biribi: les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française, review by Richard S. Fogarty.
1310:
H-France Review, Dominique Kalifa, Biribi: les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française, review by Richard S. Fogarty.
981:(*) note that "on s'en fout" would be more accurately translated into "we don't give a fuck" than "we don't care"
1695:
1114:
1402:
476:
1200:
626:
525:
covering much of the body, as was customary in the French criminal underworld of the early 20th century (
386:
1665:
Dominique Kalifa, 'Biribi. Les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française', Paris, Perrin, 2009, 344 p.
1031:
1168:
who chose to remain with the Bat' d'Af' on promotion, after finishing their original terms of service.
1136:
31:
1017:
1141:
617:
240:
1651:]. Officers and Soldiers #12. Translated by McKay, Alan. Paris: Histoire & Collections.
1628:]. Officers and Soldiers #11. Translated by McKay, Alan. Paris: Histoire & Collections.
252:
158:
1613:
Pierre Dufour, 'Les Bat' d'Af' : les Zéphyrs et les Joyeux (1831–1972)', Pygmalion, 2004
1096:
993:
232:
1374:
1338:
1311:
1074:
576:
Between 600,000 and 800,000 men served in the Bat' d'Af' from 1832 to 1970, mostly from the
1715:
462:
8:
561:
507:
303:
84:
417:
were garrisoned separately from regular French and colonial troops to prevent brawling.
1126:
1121:
287:
272:
147:
306:. On two occasions detached companies suffered heavy casualties during this campaign.
25:
1666:
1652:
1629:
1574:
1520:
1478:
1458:
1435:
1354:
1322:
1291:
570:
440:
In opposition to prevailing assumptions about criminality at the time, influenced by
1505:
Planche n.1, "Uniformes et equipements Armée Française 1937", Ministere de la Guerre
1610:
Anthony Clayton, 'France, Soldiers, and Africa', Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1988
1131:
542:
522:
403:
314:
228:
1552:
1274:
1227:
837:
538:
499:
484:
441:
381:
211:
190:
98:
502:, was sent for 33 months in the Bat' d'Af'. In 1890, he published a novel named
491:
385:(temporary "marching battalions" formed for particular purposes) served on the
365:
116:
102:
94:
80:
334:
1684:
577:
1067:
506:
where he described, in possibly exaggerated terms, the harsh treatment and
399:
174:
1573:
Ian Sumner and François Vauvillier, page 24 "The French Army 1939-45 (1),
630:
609:
369:
280:
170:
166:
70:
1442:
283:
in 1835 and took part in the siege of Constantine the following year.
1100:
1089:
1078:
889:
581:
429:
291:
244:
112:
409:
The distinctive nature of these units meant that the average age of
879:
634:
498:(Army Transport Corps) during the 1880s where he was condemned for
445:
885:
342:
As discipline and living conditions in the Bat' d'Af' were harsh,
1645:
Officiers et soldats de l'armée française Tome 2 : 1915-1918
700:
C'est d'ailleurs lĂ qu'on nous choisit, qu'on nous choisit !
248:
202:
1117:
of the Bat' d'Af' were embroidered those battle honours :
1021:
Antoine LĂ©onor de Perier (1842-1908), commander of the 2nd BILA
594:
360:
318:
59:
875:
622:
1622:
Officiers et soldats de l'armée française Tome 1 : 1914
1399:
Les vrais, les durs, les tatoués : Le tatouage à Biribi
1649:
Officers and Soldiers of the French Army Volume II: 1915-18
598:
323:
210:, were French infantry and construction units, serving in
368:
of that period). However, they fought creditably in the
1626:
Officers and Soldiers of the French Army Volume I: 1914
1533:
1517:
The French Army in the First World War – to Battle 1914
1487:
1455:
The French Army in the First World War - to Battle 1914
1351:
The French Army in the First World War - to battle 1914
646:
the Joyeux" chaired by General Alfred Maurice Cazaud.
402:
gained an undeserved privilege in being exempted from
1321:
Martin Windrow, p630 "Our Friends Beneath the Sands,
830:
It is the Bat 'Af', yes here we are, yes here we are!
688:
C'est les Bat' d'Af', oui nous voilĂ , oui nous voilĂ !
251:, in one of the most arid and hostile regions of the
1706:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1972
262:
846:
This is where we were picked up, we were picked up!
532:
1598:Musée de l'infanterie - "Les Bataillons d'Afrique"
1545:
1272:Maroc 1923 : Hell on earth in the Bat' d'Af'
1225:Maroc 1923 : Hell on earth in the Bat' d'Af'
1701:Military units and formations established in 1832
1477:A.E. Haswell Miller, plate 44 "Vanished Armies",
1432:Biribi. Les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française
1682:
1555:(in French). Paris: Ministère de la Guerre. 1915
719:Souviens-toi, oui souviens-toi, oui souviens-toi
329:
682:Un bataillon dont les soldats, dont les soldats
548:
354:("Joyous ones"), usually nicknamed their unit
1563:– via Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
1147:
710:Mais après tout, qu'est-ce que ça fout !
694:Faut être passé par Biribi, par Biribi !
615:From 1915, in common with other units of the
30:Light Infantry of Africa in 1833, during the
1259:"Histoire de la LĂ©gion de 1831 Ă nos jours"
871:Before you, yes before you, ah! ah! ah! ah!
824:A battalion whose soldiers, whose soldiers
1642:
1619:
1539:
1493:
1285:
1206:Bataillon d'Infanterie légère d'Outre-Mer
1171:
725:Avant toi, oui avant toi, ah! ah! ah! ah!
573:where it was disbanded on 31 March 1972.
557:Bataillon d'Infanterie légère d'Outre-Mer
1058:Formed in 1888 ; disbanded in 1925
1050:Formed in 1888 ; disbanded in 1927
1042:Formed in 1833 ; disbanded in 1972
1016:
1009:Formed in 1832 ; disbanded in 1940
685:Sont tous des gars qu'ont pas eu d'veine
587:
475:
333:
275:by the Light Infantry of Africa in 1840.
266:
195:Bataillons d'Infanterie Légère d'Afrique
50:
19:Bataillons d'Infanterie Légère d'Afrique
1514:
1452:
1348:
928:That a legionnaire(**) knows how to die
625:uniform was adopted for service on the
1683:
298:In 1870 the BILA provided a temporary
187:Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa
286:Between 3 and 6 February 1840 at the
865:Remember, yes remember, yes remember
1453:Mirouze, Laurent (28 August 2023).
1353:. Éd. des Argonautes. p. 218.
789:Dans cette putain d'terre africaine
783:Mais comme on n'a jamais eu d'veine
640:
231:on 13 June 1832, shortly after the
13:
1349:Mirouze, Lauent (28 August 2023).
948:Of course one day we will die here
691:Pour être "Joyeux", chose spéciale
560:(BILOM) which participated in the
494:, a volunteer who enlisted in the
14:
1732:
1108:
984:(**) in other versions "soldier"
960:At the place where we have fallen
856:But after all, why do we care(*)!
801:Qui voulez-vous qui nous regrette
722:Les Anciens l'ont fait sans doute
317:in 1903, when the French fort of
263:Initial service and major battles
1180:should not be confused with the
1099:
1088:
1077:
833:To be "Joyeux", a special thing,
804:Nous ne sommes que des réprouvés
768:Qu'un légionnaire ça sait mourir
533:Interwar period and World War II
290:in Algeria, a detachment of 123
52:
24:
1604:
1592:
1583:
1567:
1508:
1499:
1471:
1457:. Militaria. pp. 218–221.
1446:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1391:
1378:
1367:
1342:
1070:of the following medals :
963:Who do you think will regret us
798:À l'endroit ousqu’on s’ra tombé
762:J'ai cueilli son dernier soupir
737:Marchons bataillonnaires !
716:En marchant sur la grand' route
1434:, Paris, Perrin, 2009, 344 p.
1331:
1315:
1304:
1279:
1264:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1217:
1061:
992:was a separate corps from the
954:Under the sand we'll be buried
795:Avec pour croix une baĂŻonnette
792:sous le sable on nous enfouira
786:Bien sûr un jour, on y crèvera
747:J'ai vu mourir un pauvre gosse
302:to serve in France during the
1:
1691:Infantry battalions of France
1211:
1164:("black cadres") were former
999:
862:When walking on the open road
843:Or coming from a penitentiary
759:Je lui ai fermé les paupières
753:Plombé par les balles féroces
679:Il est sur la terre africaine
654:The march of the Bat d'Af is
358:("the Hell") or, ironically,
330:Subsequent history until 1920
163:French Intervention in Mexico
951:On this fucking African soil
945:But as we never had any luck
897:Let's march bataillonnaires!
868:The veterans did it probably
827:Are all guys who had no luck
750:Un pauvre gosse de vingt ans
734:Sac au dos dans la poussière
697:Ou bien alors d'une Centrale
471:Louis Combe, military doctor
392:
7:
1194:
1113:After 1952 (see above) the
1004:
836:You must have been through
765:J'ai écrit à sa pauvre mère
756:Il est mort en criant maman
549:Final years and disbandment
222:
10:
1737:
1721:French conquest of Algeria
1711:Military of French Algeria
1643:Jouineau, André (2009b) .
1620:Jouineau, André (2009a) .
1519:. Militaria. p. 220.
1290:. Pygmalion. p. 213.
1286:Montagnon, Pierre (2012).
1148:Cadres (NCOs and officers)
1053:
1045:
1037:
1012:
966:We are only forsaken ones.
925:I wrote to his poor mother
910:A twenty-year-old poor kid
217:
201:), better known under the
42:13 June 1832—31 March 1972
1515:Mirouze, Laurent (2007).
1066:Those units received the
957:With a bayonet as a cross
154:
143:
135:
123:
108:
90:
76:
66:
46:
38:
23:
18:
1032:Pierre-Étienne de Perier
922:I picked his last breath
821:There is on African soil
713:Et l'on s'en fout !
649:
569:was then transferred to
510:which he endured in the
1201:Aernoult–Rousset affair
916:He died screaming "mom"
913:Pierced by wild bullets
894:Backpacking in the dust
461:"Yesterday, they were "
326:, Morocco and Tunisia.
1276:(retrieved 2011-12-29)
1270:The Soldier's burden,
1229:(retrieved 2011-12-29)
1223:The Soldier's burden,
1172:Disciplinary companies
1127:Maison du Passeur 1914
1022:
907:I saw a poor kid dying
488:
474:
339:
276:
253:French colonial empire
243:and were stationed in
1086:Croix de guerre 14-18
1020:
994:French Foreign Legion
588:Uniforms and insignia
479:
458:
346:, colloquially named
338:Tataouine circa 1925.
337:
270:
233:French Foreign Legion
139:"Les Bataillonnaires"
919:I closed his eyelids
731:De Gabès à Tataouine
597:on the blue and red
508:corporal punishments
382:bataillons de Marche
374:Mexican Intervention
159:French colonial Wars
1182:compagnies d'exclus
728:De Gafsa Ă MĂ©denine
656:Les Bataillonnaires
621:, a more practical
562:First Indochina War
304:Franco-Prussian War
273:defence of Mazagran
85:Penal military unit
32:conquest of Algeria
1430:Dominique Kalifa,
1288:L'Armee d' Afrique
1257:Pierre Montagnon,
1075:MĂ©daille militaire
1023:
859:And we don't care!
489:
340:
300:régiment de marche
288:Battle of Mazagran
277:
148:Battle of Mazagran
1671:978-2-262-02384-3
1658:978-2-35250-105-3
1635:978-2-35250-104-6
1526:978-3-902526-09-0
1483:978 0 74780 739 1
1464:978-3-902526-09-0
1440:978-2-262-02384-3
1360:978-2-9515171-0-3
1327:978-0-297-85213-1
1297:978-2-7564-0574-2
979:
978:
840:, through Biribi!
571:French Somaliland
527:see examples here
309:A platoon of the
257:Ordonnance royale
239:were part of the
180:
179:
1728:
1662:
1639:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1450:
1444:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1401:, Broché, 2005.
1397:JĂ©rĂ´me Pierrat,
1395:
1389:
1384:Georges Darien,
1382:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1104: : 3e BMILA
1103:
1097:LĂ©gion d'honneur
1092:
1082: : 1er BILA
1081:
661:
660:
641:Absence of flags
543:battle of France
472:
404:military service
315:Battle of Taghit
229:Louis Philippe I
227:Created by King
62:
58:
56:
55:
28:
16:
15:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1696:Armée d'Afrique
1681:
1680:
1659:
1636:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1451:
1447:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1284:
1280:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1197:
1174:
1166:bataillonnaires
1150:
1115:Regimental flag
1111:
1093: : 2e BILA
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1015:
1007:
1002:
652:
643:
618:Armée d'Afrique
590:
551:
539:interwar period
535:
519:Bataillonnaires
500:insubordination
485:Maximilien Luce
473:
470:
442:Cesare Lombroso
426:corps d'epreuve
411:bataillonnaires
395:
344:Bataillonnaires
332:
265:
255:. The original
225:
220:
212:Northern Africa
183:
173:
169:
165:
161:
130:
128:
101:
97:
83:
53:
51:
34:
12:
11:
5:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1677:
1676:
1663:
1657:
1640:
1634:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1566:
1544:
1540:Jouineau 2009b
1532:
1525:
1507:
1498:
1494:Jouineau 2009a
1486:
1470:
1463:
1445:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1390:
1377:
1366:
1359:
1341:
1330:
1314:
1303:
1296:
1278:
1263:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1173:
1170:
1154:sous-officiers
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1142:La Suippe 1918
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1110:
1109:Battle honours
1107:
1106:
1105:
1094:
1083:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
977:
976:
972:Repeat Chorus:
968:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
934:Repeat Chorus:
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
899:
898:
895:
892:
882:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
848:
847:
844:
841:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
812:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
770:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
739:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
669:
668:
665:
651:
648:
642:
639:
589:
586:
550:
547:
534:
531:
492:Georges Darien
468:
394:
391:
366:game of chance
331:
328:
313:served at the
264:
261:
241:Army of Africa
224:
221:
219:
216:
181:
178:
177:
156:
152:
151:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
117:French Tunisia
110:
106:
105:
103:Trench warfare
95:Desert warfare
92:
88:
87:
81:Light infantry
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
29:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1733:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1595:
1586:
1580:
1579:1-85532-666-3
1576:
1570:
1554:
1548:
1542:, p. 55.
1541:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1496:, p. 57.
1495:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:cadres blancs
1155:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Mazagran 1840
1120:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1010:
997:
995:
991:
990:The Bat' d'Af
987:
982:
975:
973:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:
942:
941:
937:
935:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
904:
903:
896:
893:
891:
887:
883:
881:
877:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
853:
852:
845:
842:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
813:
811:
810:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
781:
780:
779:
778:3ème couplet:
775:
774:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
745:
744:
743:
742:2ème couplet:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
708:
707:
706:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
671:
670:
666:
663:
662:
659:
657:
647:
638:
636:
632:
628:
627:Western Front
624:
620:
619:
613:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
585:
583:
580:of Paris and
579:
578:working class
574:
572:
568:
563:
559:
558:
546:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
486:
482:
478:
467:
466:
464:
457:
454:
449:
447:
443:
438:
436:
431:
427:
423:
420:Although the
418:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
390:
388:
387:Western Front
384:
383:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
336:
327:
325:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
296:
293:
289:
284:
282:
274:
269:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
215:
213:
209:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
182:Military unit
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
146:
144:Anniversaries
142:
138:
134:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
27:
22:
17:
1678:
1673:
1648:
1644:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1605:Bibliography
1594:
1585:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1547:
1535:
1516:
1510:
1501:
1489:
1473:
1454:
1448:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1369:
1350:
1344:
1333:
1317:
1306:
1287:
1281:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1162:cadres noirs
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1112:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1028:
1024:
1008:
989:
985:
983:
980:
971:
969:
939:
938:
933:
931:
901:
900:
850:
849:
815:
814:
808:
807:
777:
776:
772:
771:
741:
740:
704:
703:
674:1er couplet:
673:
672:
655:
653:
644:
631:pith helmets
616:
614:
605:
603:
591:
575:
566:
555:
552:
536:
518:
516:
511:
503:
495:
490:
483:depicted by
480:
460:
459:
456:enlistment.
452:
450:
439:
434:
425:
421:
419:
414:
410:
408:
400:civil rights
396:
380:
378:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
341:
310:
308:
299:
297:
285:
278:
256:
236:
226:
206:
205:
198:
194:
186:
184:
175:World War II
150:(6 February)
1716:Penal units
1132:Verdun 1916
1068:fourragères
1062:Fourragères
610:khaki drill
370:Crimean war
171:World War I
167:Crimean War
155:Engagements
127:Bat' d'Af'
124:Nickname(s)
109:Garrison/HQ
71:French Army
1685:Categories
1212:References
1189:Bat' d'Af'
1178:Bat' d'Af'
1137:Reims 1918
1000:Battalions
940:3rd verse:
902:2nd verse:
816:1st verse:
612:uniforms.
567:Bat' d'Af'
521:displayed
512:Bat' d'Af'
446:eugenistic
311:Bat' d'Af'
237:Bat' d'Af'
207:Bat' d'Af'
890:Tataouine
809:(Refrain)
773:(Refrain)
582:Marseille
453:Bats d'Af
435:Bats d'Af
430:Communard
422:Bats d'Af
415:Bats d'Af
393:Character
372:plus the
292:chasseurs
245:Tataouine
113:Tataouine
1195:See also
986:(soldat)
880:Medenine
667:English
629:. Khaki
469:—
223:Creation
129:L'Enfer
1559:30 July
1388:, 1890.
851:Chorus:
705:Refrain
664:French
523:tattoos
463:Apaches
356:l'Enfer
348:ZĂ©phyrs
249:Tunisia
218:History
203:acronym
99:Raiding
47:Country
1669:
1655:
1632:
1577:
1523:
1481:
1461:
1438:
1386:Biribi
1357:
1325:
1294:
1156:. The
1054:5 BILA
1046:4 BILA
1038:3 BILA
1013:2 BILA
1005:1 BILA
838:Biribi
635:cadres
595:piping
504:Biribi
481:Biribi
361:Biribi
352:Joyeux
319:Taghit
281:Bougie
235:, the
191:French
131:Biribi
67:Branch
60:France
57:
39:Active
1647:[
1624:[
886:Gabès
884:From
876:Gafsa
874:From
650:March
623:khaki
606:veste
517:Many
496:Train
136:March
1674:(FR)
1667:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1615:(FR)
1575:ISBN
1561:2021
1521:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1323:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1176:The
599:kepi
324:Oran
271:The
199:BILA
185:The
91:Role
77:Type
888:to
878:to
529:).
444:'s
364:(a
350:or
197:or
1687::
1191:.
996:.
988:.
974:)
936:)
658::
637:.
584:.
545:.
514:.
437:.
247:,
193::
1661:.
1638:.
1529:.
1467:.
1363:.
1300:.
970:(
932:(
487:.
189:(
119:)
115:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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