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The upper section of the triumphal arch depicts, inside a medallion, Christ. At the sides, within a sea of clouds, are the winged symbols of the four
Evangelists: the Eagle (John), the Winged Man (Matthew), the Lion (Mark), the Calf (Luke). The lower section has, at its two edges, the walls showing
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precious gems from which twelve lambs (symbols of the Twelve
Apostles) exit. The sides of the arch show two palms which, in the Bible's symbolism, represent justice; under them are the archangels Michael and Gabriel, with the bust of St. Matthew and another unidentified saint.
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from different centuries. They attest the changes of style from the 5th to the 8th centuries: from reliefs with human figures of the Roman sarcophagi, to
Byzantine symbolism, to the increasing abstraction and simplification of these symbologies.
361:
At that time, Classe was located on the shore and was the ancient home port of the Roman fleet which gave its name to the town. Due to the accumulation of silt, the coastline has since moved 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the east.
494:, as it restates both the divine and human nature of Christ, the former negated by the Arians. In addition, the representation of Apollinaris among the apostles was a legitimization of Maximian as the first bishop of the diocese.
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in the lower one is a green valley with rocks, bush, plants and birds. In the middle is the figure of Saint
Apollinaris, portrayed in the act of praying God to give grace to his faithful, symbolized by twelve white
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342:, which described it as "an outstanding example of the early Christian basilica in its purity and simplicity of its design and use of space and in the sumptuous nature of its decoration".
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358:. It was certainly located next to a Christian cemetery, and quite possibly on top of a pre-existing pagan one, as some of the ancient tombstones were re-used in its construction.
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granting privileges to an envoy of the
Ravenna's archbishop. In the right panel are Abraham, Abel and Melchisedek around an altar, on which they offer a sacrifice to God.
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design. An ancient altar in the mid of the nave covers the place of the saint's martyrdom. The church ends with a polygonal apse, sided by two chapels with apses.
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of
Ravenna, and date to the 18th century. The lateral walls are bare, but were certainly once covered with gorgeous mosaics. These were likely demolished by the
427:. The carved capitals of the columns depict acanthus leaves, but unlike most such carvings the leaves appear twisted as if being buffeted by the wind. The faded
521:, all with a book in a hand. At the sides of the apse are two 7th-century panels: the left one, which has largely been restored, portrays the Byzantine Emperor
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The imposing brick structure was consecrated on 9 May 549 by Bishop
Maximian and dedicated to Saint Apollinaris. The Basilica is thus contemporary with the
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in the upper one, a large disc encloses a starry sky in which is a cross with gems. Over the cross is a hand protruding from the clouds, the theme of the
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Agnellus of
Ravenna, Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis (trans.), The Book of Pontiffs of the Church of Ravenna (Washington D.C., 2004), p. 234, f.n. 4
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stripped the church of the marble covering the walls of the side aisles, to use it for the construction of the
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The exterior has a large facade with two simple uprights and one mullioned window with three openings. The
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of
Ravenna. The relics of Saint Apollinaris are today in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe.
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In the spaces between the windows are the four bishops who founded the main basilicas in
Ravenna:
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474:. The three lambs in the lower sector symbolize the saints Peter, James and John, alluding the
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666:"Basilica of Sant’Apollinare in Classe", RavennAntica, Fondazione Parco Archeologico di Classe
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and building to the right of the entry are later additions, as is the fine 9th century round
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Work on Sant'Apollinare in Classe started at the beginning of 6th century by order of Bishop
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The decoration of the apse date to the 6th century, and can be divided into two parts:
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Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century
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Mosaic panel of Emperor Constantine IV granting privileges to the Church of Ravenna
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Ravenna’s tallest campanile was added to the church in the late 10th century.
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in 1449, although they left the mosaic decoration in the apse and on the
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The choice of the subject is closely linked to the fight against
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637:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, January 2010, p. 13
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The church has a central nave with two side aisles, a standard
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Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning
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The apse is lavishly decorated with mosaics, such as the
650:"Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe", Turismo Ravenna
609:(First ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp.
308:("Saint Apollinaris in Classe") is a church in Classe,
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Official name: Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna
677:"Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe", CurateND
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27:Byzantine-style minor basilica in Ravenna, Italy
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18:Basilica di Sant'Apollinare in Classe
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54:The Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
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423:The nave contains 24 columns of Greek
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40:Basilica di Sant'Apollinare in Classe
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834:Castello di Montecuccolo
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603:Roth, Leland M. (1993).
476:Transfiguration of Jesus
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844:Ducal Palace of Modena
814:Basilica of San Vitale
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206:Byzantine architecture
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909:San Petronio Basilica
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372:In the 15th century,
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949:6th-century churches
879:Palazzo dei Diamanti
748:Ravenna Tourism site
739:at Wikimedia Commons
374:Sigismondo Malatesta
356:Iulianus Argentarius
969:Early Christian art
914:Tempio Malatestiano
545:image from the nave
450:Apse with semi-dome
431:depict some of the
378:Tempio Malatestiano
340:World Heritage List
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464:Hand of God
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277:State Party
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66:Affiliation
938:Categories
590:References
530:sarcophagi
399:bell tower
252:Designated
170:12°13′59″E
167:44°22′49″N
519:Ecclesius
437:Venetians
352:Ursicinus
507:Urscinus
492:Arianism
418:basilica
412:Interior
389:Exterior
244:Criteria
239:Cultural
119:Classe,
116:Location
111:Location
78:Province
60:Religion
974:Ravenna
703:, ed.,
515:Severus
429:frescos
395:narthex
346:History
310:Ravenna
259:session
743:Photos
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617:
486:lambs.
468:Elijah
425:marble
337:UNESCO
326:Classe
285:Region
257:(20th
90:Region
511:Ursus
472:Moses
401:with
314:Italy
280:Italy
255:1996
201:Style
715:ISBN
615:ISBN
517:and
470:and
304:The
236:Type
611:245
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
