124:
193:. The Barngarla people traditionally lived by the coast and visited inland seasonally and for ceremonial and special purposes. The Barngarla native title claim compromises 44,481 square km, or about two-thirds of the Eyre peninsula. In 2015 this claim was upheld and in 2023 the barngarla people won a federal court decision to prevent a nuclear waste disposal facility from being built on their land.
795:, is not evidence of continuity of the Barngarla language, although it is evidence of continuity of a notion of Barngarla identity, a notion that clearly existed amongst the Barngarla community at 1846, when Barngarla people told Schürmann of the "Barngarla matta", and which can thus be inferred to have existed at sovereignty.' (
279:
people were engaged in more clashes with
European settlers then any other people in South Australia following the colonisation of the state. During the decade following the establishment of Port Lincoln in 1839 the barngarla attacked pastoral stations with local settlers conducting vigilante killings
256:
A practice known as "singing to the sharks" was an important ritual in
Barngarla culture. The performance consisted of men lining the cliffs of bays in the Eyre peninsula and singing out, while their chants were accompanied by women dancing on the beach. The aim was to enlist sharks and dolphins in
359:
contacted the
Barngarla community in 2011 proposing to revive it, the project of reclamation being accepted enthusiastically by people of Barngarla descent. Workshops to this end were started in Port Lincoln, Whyalla and Port Augusta in 2012. The reclamation is based on 170-year-old documents.
264:, who were on the move southwards, forcing the Barngarla to retreat from their traditional northern boundaries. One effect was to cut off their access to certain woods used in spear-making, so that they finally had to forage as far as
303:
on the Tod River within barngarla land. Living conditions at
Pooninidie were basic with no running water, over-crowding and a lack of food and medicine. In 1894 the mission had closed and the majority of residents were moved onto
1813:. FEL XVIII Ockinawa: Indigenous Languages: their Value to the Community. Foundation for Endangered Languages and Ryukyuan Heritage Language Society. pp. 113–119 – via professorzuckermann.com.
1839:
1643:
345:
was the dominant language of the eyre peninsula prior to
European settlement. the last fluent speaker was reported to have died in the 1960s. although some barngarla members of the
969:
284:
between white sellers and the barngarla people continued until at least 1862. Barngarla people are one of the many indigenous groups which contain an oral-history of the
3317:
999:
3038:
1866:
3443:
1656:
3478:
1446:
3471:
1526:
3501:
3436:
3343:
3325:
1612:
The
Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
1560:
The
Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
1055:
3045:
2810:
1835:
2821:
1035:
2908:
1859:
808:
These three distinct terms for the one species are thought to have designated nuances whose differential meanings are no longer known (
3450:
1718:
1308:
1765:
884:
467:, who, surveying South Australian tribes, argued that Schürmann had mixed them up, and that the proper divisions, which he called
3464:
3031:
2968:
791:
wrote:'The fact that
Barngarla language is now being relearnt by some claimants, due to the work of Adelaide University academic
1156:
3365:
372:'s estimation, the Barngarla's traditional lands covered some 17,500 square miles (45,000 km), around the eastern side of
234:
3457:
2775:
2263:
1875:
1852:
1794:
1539:
1497:
3238:
3003:
2982:
1426:
Savage life and scenes in
Australia and New Zealand: being an artist's impressions of countries and people at the Antipodes
413:
3386:
2947:
2926:
1465:
1316:
1065:
1060:
253:, along with the smaller localities of Yallunna, Yulina, and Palanna Fountain on the Eyre Peninsula derive their names.
2954:
1738:
1700:
1627:
1579:
1508:
3390:
2901:
1389:
1381:
1424:
281:
196:
Barngarla people traditionally wore cloaks made from kangaroo skin and mainly hunted for seafood, but also caught
3299:
2652:
2497:
1485:
Clamor Schürmann's
Barngarla grammar: A commentary on the first section of A vocabulary of the Parnkalla language
127:
95:
1406:
2933:
389:
250:
3379:
2996:
2453:
2344:
1787:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
190:
182:
82:
3290:
3155:
2189:
1639:
1489:
151:
3024:
2989:
2975:
2961:
2940:
2446:
1009:
977:
452:
444:. Referred to as Pangkala, the Barngarla have also been included in the grouping currently known as the
296:
3398:
3059:
3010:
2439:
2410:
2395:
1631:
300:
265:
1808:
1373:
917:
3506:
2511:
2330:
1607:
1600:
1558:
1554:
1126:
549:
246:
17:
1831:
An interview with Stolen Generation Barngarla man Howard Richards and his wife Isabel / Port Lincoln
3372:
3308:
3017:
2789:
2460:
2418:
2351:
833:
381:
312:
missions, although some stayed on their land. The barngarla community was deeply affected by the
3177:
3169:
2468:
2323:
2316:
2056:
1651:
1210:
464:
171:
1782:
1056:"Barngarla bush medicine book healing hearts and helping stolen children reconnect with country"
3224:
3173:
3085:
2796:
2694:
2359:
2294:
2273:
1623:
1596:
892:
788:
429:
409:
401:
269:
257:
driving shoals of fish towards the shore where fishers in the shallows could make their catch.
175:
1186:
3511:
3415:
3192:
3148:
3052:
2659:
2596:
2425:
1804:
1696:
1575:
1540:"In Port Augusta, an Israeli linguist is helping the Barngarla people reclaim their language"
1483:
1411:
1363:
792:
356:
285:
242:
556:. They had applied for 44,500 square kilometres (11,000,000 acres) and received most of it.
3231:
1761:
1722:
1588:
1530:
1433:
564:
214:
167:
1369:
Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond
8:
3162:
3092:
2210:
1420:
1134:
1844:
3106:
2803:
2161:
1993:
1946:
1897:
1665:
1000:"Barngarla people win legal challenge to halt a nuclear dump on their Country at Kimba"
713:
342:
337:
321:
317:
163:
155:
78:
70:
1628:"Croft on behalf of the Barngarla Native Title Claim Group v State of South Australia"
3134:
3127:
2729:
2631:
1925:
1790:
1493:
1385:
1377:
346:
1527:"Barngarla people granted partial native title over large area of SA Eyre Peninsula"
970:"Long-running Eyre peninsula native title claim upheld in Australia's federal court"
943:
3516:
3185:
3141:
3099:
2876:
2736:
2582:
2147:
2007:
1749:
1709:
1615:
1567:
1517:
1474:
1437:
74:
3120:
3113:
2722:
2554:
2217:
377:
207:
131:
53:
1810:"Our Ancestors Are Happy!": Revivalistics in the Service of Indigenous Wellbeing
3405:
3199:
2782:
2757:
2687:
2575:
2540:
2533:
2504:
2403:
2196:
2140:
1904:
1778:
1451:
776:
553:
369:
325:
313:
289:
181:
Their traditional land encompassed much of the upper Eyre peninsula, including
159:
1830:
1043:. A Cultural Heritage Investigation of the Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex.
3495:
3206:
2715:
2708:
2673:
2666:
2645:
2624:
2568:
2547:
2526:
2519:
2238:
2035:
1890:
1757:
1719:"Barngarla people granted native title over Port Augusta after 25-year fight"
1461:
1367:
1309:"Barngarla people granted native title over Port Augusta after 25-year fight"
699:
445:
397:
223:
115:
2883:
2750:
2743:
2701:
2603:
2561:
2224:
2091:
1467:
Folklore, manners, customs and languages of the South Australian aborigines
611:
560:
441:
385:
373:
309:
305:
230:
99:
1473:. Adelaide: E Spiller, Acting Government Printer. p. 103 – via
2869:
2680:
2638:
2610:
2589:
2490:
2203:
2028:
1544:
537:
1708:. Vol. 5 (3rd ed.). Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper – via
3256:
2373:
2245:
2231:
2168:
2154:
2070:
2000:
1986:
1918:
405:
260:
Just prior to colonisation, the Barngarla were under pressure from the
1677:
1669:
1246:
2862:
2842:
2287:
2126:
2049:
1958:
1950:
1840:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1807:; Walsh, Michael (2014). Heinrich, Patrick; Ostler, Nicholas (eds.).
831:
559:
On 24 September 2021 they were granted native title over the city of
400:
are formed part of Barngarla lands. The southern frontier lay around
428:
ranged from north of Port Augusta to Ogden Hill and the vicinity of
2617:
2432:
2301:
2133:
2112:
2105:
2077:
2042:
2021:
350:
204:, snakes and various lizards depending on seasonality. Nondo beans
197:
1566:. Vol. 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 126–127 – via
2835:
2366:
2337:
2098:
2084:
2063:
2014:
1972:
1932:
650:("men of the seacoast", northern tribal term for southern hordes)
621:
468:
433:
261:
186:
1654:(January 1900). "Divisions of the South Australian Aborigines".
2391:
2175:
2119:
1979:
1965:
1939:
393:
237:. The primary male spiritual figure in that narrative is named
1748:. Adelaide: E.S. Wigg & Son. pp. 207–252 – via
1614:. Vol. 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 8–9 – via
1211:
https://www.facebook.com/ABCIndigenous/videos/901663467173226/
123:
3263:
2309:
2280:
2182:
455:
stated that the Barngarla were divided into two classes, the
1825:
1184:
41:
1767:
Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien Part 3
1004:
276:
111:
3318:
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981
1084:
1082:
233:
is heavily centred on a large mythic complex known as the
1874:
1553:
Green, W. M. (1886). "Eastern Shore of Lake Torrens". In
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
832:
Barngarla Language Advisory Committee (16 October 2016).
728:
201:
1836:
Bibliography of Parnkalla language and people resources
1288:
1079:
349:
retained knowledge of their language through lyrics in
1131:
Griffith University - German Missionaries in Australia
1094:
1717:
Roberts, Georgia; Gooch, Declan (24 September 2021).
1342:
1307:
Roberts, Georgia; Gooch, Declan (24 September 2021).
1276:
1264:
864:
548:
On 22 January 2015 the Barngarla people were granted
424:
The Barngarla had two tribal divisions: the northern
218:) were especially prized food items. a book entitled
1330:
1227:
1215:
1187:"Aboriginal missions in South Australia: Poonindie"
3039:Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park
1525:Gage, Nicola; Whiting, Natalie (28 January 2015).
1173:1862 - Venus Bay, 60 kms south-east of Streaky Bay
1029:
1027:
852:
825:
1657:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1148:
944:"Indigenous Barngarla Australians win land claim"
563:, after a protracted 25-year old battle. Justice
3493:
915:
911:
909:
299:, and the first Anglican mission were set up at
1803:
1702:Researches into the physical history of mankind
1034:Cane, Scott (23 June 2020). Cane, Scott (ed.).
1024:
295:In 1850 both the Barngarla School, operated by
288:, where up to 260 Barngarla, Nauo, Kokatha and
3344:List of native title claims in South Australia
1595:
1120:
1118:
1054:Hamilton, Jodie; Milic, Henry (24 July 2023).
740:"a lot of emus", "heaps of emus" (superplural)
536:The Barngarla practised both circumcision and
292:may have been driven off cliffs into the sea.
280:and police retaliating indiscriminately. This
222:documents the location and names of barngarla
3046:Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park
1860:
1178:
1053:
906:
1716:
1407:"Australia's unspeakable indigenous tragedy"
1306:
1537:
1524:
1294:
1115:
1088:
882:
809:
471:shared by all these tribes was as follows:
2948:Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)
1867:
1853:
1510:Die Eingeborenen der Kolonie Südaustralien
1460:Bryant, James (1879). "Gawler Ranges". In
1047:
633:Pankalla, Parnkalla, Parn-kal-la, Pankarla
463:. This was criticized by the ethnographer
396:. Woorakimba, Hesso, Yudnapinna, and the
1736:
1622:
1581:The native tribes of south-east Australia
1157:"Some Known Conflicts in South Australia"
796:
543:
388:. The western reaches extended as far as
1789:. Australian National University Press.
1756:
1695:
1444:
1404:
1239:
1233:
1221:
1154:
883:Ghil'ad, Zuckermann (19 December 2018).
870:
122:
3032:Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park
1777:
1739:"The Aboriginal Tribes of Port Lincoln"
1650:
1506:
1481:
1445:Atkinson, Stephen (20 September 2013).
1282:
1270:
1163:. Australian Frontier Conflicts Website
1109:
885:"A world-first in language reclamation"
876:
840:. Barngarla Language Advisory Committee
14:
3494:
3326:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
1826:Barngarla: People, Language & Land
1574:
1459:
1359:
1357:
1348:
858:
419:
3502:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
2776:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
1876:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
1848:
1676:
1552:
1419:
1336:
440:, lived down the western side of the
3004:Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area
2983:Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park
1746:The Native Tribes of South Australia
1538:Goldsworthy, Anna (September 2014).
1033:
570:
152:Indigenous people of South Australia
48:Regions with significant populations
3387:Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy
2969:Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park
1638:
1354:
1317:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1066:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1061:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
918:"Port Lincoln History and Heritage"
779:(1974), adapted from Hercus (1999).
24:
2955:Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park
1744:. In Woods, James Dominick (ed.).
1737:Schürmann, Clamor Wilhelm (1879).
1185:State Library of South Australia.
1124:
25:
3528:
1819:
1155:Morrison, Jane (5 October 2022).
1037:A Cultural Heritage Investigation
3366:Aborigines' Friends' Association
3257:Aṉangu (Western Desert language)
1191:State Library of South Australia
142:, (historically also spelled as
3300:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
1516:. Berlin: D.Reimer – via
1405:Anderson, Lainie (6 May 2012).
1300:
1204:
802:
782:
2934:Elliot Price Conservation Park
992:
962:
936:
769:
27:Aboriginal people of Australia
13:
1:
3380:Avenue Range Station massacre
2997:Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park
1640:"map of Indigenous Australia"
1161:Australian Frontier Conflicts
716:: singular, dual, plural and
665:
83:Australian Aboriginal English
3291:Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
1490:University of Adelaide Press
1447:"Language lost and regained"
819:
357:Professor Ghil'ad Zuckermann
7:
3025:Strzelecki Regional Reserve
2990:Mamungari Conservation Park
2976:Innamincka Regional Reserve
2962:Lake Gairdner National Park
2941:Gawler Ranges National Park
2919:Co-managed protected areas:
2894:Indigenous protected areas:
978:Australian Associated Press
567:presided over the sitting.
331:
10:
3533:
3399:History of South Australia
3264:Nunga (Aboriginal English)
3060:Yumbarra Conservation Park
3011:Nullarbor Regional Reserve
2811:List of Aboriginal schools
1632:Federal Court of Australia
1608:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
1555:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
1432:. Vol. 1, 2. London:
1397:
1127:"Port Lincoln (1843-1852)"
678:gadalyili, goonya, walgara
363:
335:
3425:
3357:
3335:
3284:
3277:
3248:
3216:
3080:
3073:
2918:
2893:
2830:
2820:
2767:
2512:Poltpalingada Booboorowie
2482:
2383:
2262:
2255:
1882:
838:Definition of barngarlidi
775:Tribal boundaries, after
579:(men of Arkaba, a toponym
436:; a southern branch, the
110:
105:
94:
89:
69:
64:
52:
47:
40:
3373:Australian frontier wars
3309:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
3018:Pureba Conservation Park
2790:Gerard Community Council
1507:Eylmann, Erhard (1908).
762:
297:Clamor Wilhelm Schürmann
3170:Western Desert language
1779:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1773:. Joseph Baer & Co.
1599:; Holden, R.W. (1886).
1374:Oxford University Press
1295:Gage & Whiting 2015
451:In 1844 the missionary
3225:Lower Murray languages
2797:Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa
2695:Eileen Yaritja Stevens
1697:Prichard, James Cowles
1576:Howitt, Alfred William
1482:Clendon, Mark (2015).
974:The Guardian Australia
924:. Port Lincoln Council
916:Port Lincoln Council.
893:University of Adelaide
834:"Barngarla Dictionary"
544:Barngarla native title
189:and the lands west of
176:University of Adelaide
135:
3431:By state or territory
3416:Waterloo Bay massacre
3053:Witjira National Park
2927:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes
2597:Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin
2190:Western Desert people
1762:Leonhardi, Moritz von
1434:Smith, Elder & Co
661:("west"/ "westerner")
286:Waterloo Bay massacre
126:
106:Related ethnic groups
3232:Thura-Yura languages
3142:Ngamini (Yarluyandi)
1421:Angas, George French
922:History and Heritage
565:Natalie Charlesworth
270:whipstick mallee ash
215:carpobrotus modestus
128:Aboriginal languages
1805:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
1364:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
1135:Griffith University
714:grammatical numbers
712:Barngarla has four
420:Social organisation
314:Aborigines Act 1911
268:to get supplies of
220:Wardlada Mardinidhi
37:
3444:Northern Territory
3200:Yarli (Malyangapa)
2804:Maralinga Tjarutja
2660:Lowitja O'Donoghue
1994:Maralinga Tjarutja
1646:. 10 January 2021.
1064:. Eyre Peninsula:
793:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
708:"domesticated dog"
610:(Franklin Harbour
588:Banggala, Bahngala
338:Barngarla language
318:Stolen Generations
316:which lead to the
275:The barngarla and
162:. Their language,
156:traditional owners
136:
79:Australian English
35:
3489:
3488:
3479:Western Australia
3353:
3352:
3273:
3272:
3069:
3068:
2730:Natasha Wanganeen
2632:Natascha McNamara
2478:
2477:
1949:, (including the
1796:978-0-708-10741-6
1664:(161): 78–91+93.
1597:Le Souef, A. A. C
1499:978-1-925-26111-0
980:. 22 January 2015
950:. 22 January 2015
749:"two emus" (dual)
571:Alternative names
534:
533:
355:Israeli linguist
347:Stolen Generation
121:
120:
16:(Redirected from
3524:
3507:Language revival
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3418:
3411:
3401:
3394:
3391:Royal Commission
3382:
3375:
3368:
3346:
3328:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3282:
3281:
3266:
3259:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3217:Language groups:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
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3055:
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3027:
3020:
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3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
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2950:
2943:
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2929:
2911:
2909:Mount Willoughby
2904:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2737:Ginger Wikilyiri
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
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2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2583:Stevie Goldsmith
2578:
2571:
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2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2507:
2500:
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2428:
2421:
2414:
2406:
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2305:
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2290:
2283:
2276:
2260:
2259:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1814:
1800:
1774:
1772:
1753:
1750:Internet Archive
1743:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1713:
1710:Internet Archive
1707:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1673:
1647:
1635:
1619:
1616:Internet Archive
1605:
1592:
1586:
1571:
1568:Internet Archive
1565:
1549:
1534:
1521:
1518:Internet Archive
1515:
1503:
1478:
1475:Internet Archive
1472:
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1441:
1438:Internet Archive
1431:
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1125:Ganter, Regina.
1122:
1113:
1107:
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1089:Goldsworthy 2014
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889:Research article
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810:Goldsworthy 2014
806:
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773:
720:. For instance:
598:Jadliaura people
583:Bangala, Bungela
474:
473:
414:Franklin Harbour
320:and the loss of
38:
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21:
3532:
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2723:Gavin Wanganeen
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789:Judge Mansfield
787:
783:
774:
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758:"emus" (plural)
668:
573:
546:
453:C. W. Schürmann
422:
366:
340:
334:
241:from which the
212:) and pigface (
208:Acacia sophorae
206:(thought to be
132:South Australia
73:
54:South Australia
43:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3174:Pitjantjatjara
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2783:Aṉangu schools
2779:
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2758:Tjayanka Woods
2754:
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2541:Shaun Burgoyne
2537:
2534:Peter Burgoyne
2530:
2523:
2516:
2508:
2505:Maringka Baker
2501:
2494:
2486:
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2483:Notable people
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2463:(Point McLeay)
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1820:External links
1818:
1816:
1815:
1801:
1795:
1783:"Pangkala(SA)"
1775:
1754:
1734:
1714:
1693:
1674:
1652:Mathews, R. H.
1648:
1636:
1620:
1601:"Port Lincoln"
1593:
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1498:
1479:
1462:Taplin, George
1457:
1452:The Australian
1442:
1417:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1353:
1351:, p. 103.
1341:
1339:, p. 126.
1329:
1299:
1287:
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1263:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1203:
1177:
1147:
1114:
1112:, p. 216.
1093:
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1012:. 18 July 2023
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438:Malkaripangala
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365:
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336:Main article:
333:
330:
326:first language
282:undeclared war
224:medical plants
172:revival effort
170:and part of a
160:Eyre Peninsula
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3086:Adnyamathanha
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2768:Organisations
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2667:Alitya Rigney
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2657:
2654:
2653:Lewis O'Brien
2650:
2647:
2646:Betty Muffler
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2625:Tjungkara Ken
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2548:Hector Burton
2545:
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2524:
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2016:
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1390:9780199812776
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1382:9780199812790
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1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1285:, p. 82.
1284:
1279:
1273:, p. 79.
1272:
1267:
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1248:
1242:
1235:
1234:Anderson 2012
1230:
1223:
1222:Atkinson 2013
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1085:
1083:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
995:
979:
975:
971:
965:
949:
945:
939:
923:
919:
912:
910:
894:
890:
886:
879:
873:, p. 79.
872:
871:Prichard 1847
867:
860:
855:
839:
835:
828:
824:
811:
805:
798:
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790:
785:
778:
772:
768:
757:
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751:
748:
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742:
739:
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733:
730:
726:
723:
722:
721:
719:
715:
707:
704:
701:
700:Pink cockatoo
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:
660:
657:
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649:
648:Wanbirujurari
646:
644:
641:
639:
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634:
631:
629:
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623:
619:
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470:
466:
465:R. H. Mathews
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
446:Adnyamathanha
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Wartabanggala
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Gawler Ranges
395:
391:
390:Island Lagoon
387:
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251:Yallunda Flat
248:
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235:Seven Sisters
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217:
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168:Yura language
165:
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133:
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125:
117:
116:Adnyamathanha
113:
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84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
60:
57:
55:
51:
46:
39:
30:
19:
3512:Port Augusta
3406:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3193:Yandruwandha
3163:Wangkangurru
3149:Ngarrindjeri
2884:Wati-kutjara
2854:
2850:
2846:
2751:Chad Wingard
2744:Norah Wilson
2702:Moogy Sumner
2604:Ruby Hammond
2562:Vince Copley
2514:(Tom Walker)
2454:Point Pearce
2345:Pipalyatjara
2225:Yardliyawara
2211:Yandruwandha
2092:Ngarrindjeri
1911:
1809:
1786:
1766:
1758:Strehlow, C.
1745:
1726:. Retrieved
1701:
1685:. Retrieved
1681:
1661:
1655:
1611:
1580:
1559:
1543:
1509:
1484:
1466:
1450:
1436:– via
1425:
1410:
1368:
1344:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1312:
1302:
1290:
1283:Mathews 1900
1278:
1271:Mathews 1900
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
1180:
1172:
1165:. Retrieved
1160:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1130:
1110:Tindale 1974
1069:. Retrieved
1059:
1049:
1036:
1014:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
982:. Retrieved
973:
964:
952:. Retrieved
947:
938:
926:. Retrieved
921:
896:. Retrieved
888:
878:
866:
861:, p. ?.
854:
842:. Retrieved
837:
827:
804:
784:
771:
754:
752:
745:
743:
736:
734:
731:" (singular)
724:
717:
711:
705:
695:
689:
686:"native dog"
683:
677:
671:
658:
653:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
617:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
576:
561:Port Augusta
558:
550:native title
547:
535:
528:
523:
518:
513:
506:
501:
496:
491:
460:
456:
450:
442:Spencer Gulf
437:
425:
423:
386:Port Augusta
380:and west of
374:Lake Torrens
367:
354:
341:
310:Point McLeay
306:Point Pearce
294:
274:
259:
255:
238:
228:
219:
213:
205:
195:
191:Port Augusta
183:Port Lincoln
180:
147:
143:
139:
137:
100:Christianity
58:
32:Ethnic group
29:
3172:(dialects:
3093:Antakirinja
2870:Muldjewangk
2843:'Dreamtime'
2824:and culture
2681:Nura Rupert
2639:Patty Mills
2611:Ruby Hunter
2590:Adam Goodes
2498:Jimmy Baker
2491:Ian Abdulla
2413:(Umeewarra)
2354:(Ernabella)
2256:Communities
2204:Wongkanguru
2162:Tanganekald
1947:Jarildekald
1898:Antakirinja
1728:13 February
1687:13 November
1678:"Our Story"
1545:The Monthly
1349:Bryant 1879
1322:13 February
1256:13 November
1247:"Our Story"
859:Howitt 1904
718:superplural
577:Arkaba-tura
538:subincision
158:of much of
96:Traditional
42:Barngarlidi
3496:Categories
3451:Queensland
2447:Oak Valley
2374:Yunyarinyi
2246:Yirawirung
2232:Yarluyandi
2169:Thangkaali
2155:Ramindjeri
2071:Ngangaruku
2001:Mardidjali
1987:Malyangapa
1926:Bungandidj
1919:Bodaruwitj
1337:Green 1886
954:9 November
737:ilyarranha
666:Some words
486:Offspring
406:Darke Peak
229:Barngarla
150:), are an
3156:Paakantyi
3107:Barngarla
3074:Languages
2863:Tjilbruke
2855:tjukurrpa
2851:mura-mura
2440:Nepabunna
2411:Davenport
2404:Colebrook
2396:Poonindie
2288:Indulkana
2264:APY Lands
2148:Portaulun
2127:Peramangk
2050:Ngayawang
2008:Meintangk
1959:Karangura
1951:Mulbarapa
1912:Barngarla
1838:, at the
1682:Nepabunna
1589:Macmillan
1412:The Punch
1251:Nepabunna
1196:6 October
1167:6 October
1140:6 October
1071:6 October
1016:6 October
984:6 October
928:6 October
898:27 August
844:28 August
820:Citations
753:wárraidya
744:wárraidya
735:wárraidya
725:wárraidya
696:yangkunnu
684:goordnidi
659:Willeuroo
618:Kortabina
608:Kooapudna
603:Kooapidna
497:Kirrarroo
469:phratries
376:south of
343:Barngarla
322:Barngarla
301:Poonindie
266:Tumby Bay
164:Barngarla
144:Parnkalla
140:Barngarla
71:Barngarla
65:Languages
36:Barngarla
18:Barngarla
3472:Victoria
3465:Tasmania
3409:massacre
3135:Ngadjuri
3128:Narungga
2877:Ngiṉṯaka
2822:Religion
2618:Ivaritji
2433:Koonibba
2331:Mintabie
2304:(Fregon)
2302:Kaltjiti
2134:Pilatapa
2113:Ngurunta
2106:Ngintait
2078:Ngaralda
2043:Ngadjuri
2022:Narungga
1781:(1974).
1760:(1910).
1723:ABC News
1699:(1847).
1626:(2015).
1578:(1904).
1531:ABC News
1423:(1847).
1313:ABC News
948:BBC News
692:"mother"
674:"father"
643:Punkirla
638:Punkalla
529:Kirraroo
524:Kirraroo
519:Matturri
507:Matturri
502:Matturri
480:Husband
477:Phratry
448:people.
332:Language
247:Yeelanna
231:Dreaming
198:kangaroo
154:and the
148:Pangkala
90:Religion
3517:Whyalla
3358:History
3186:Wirangu
3100:Arabana
2902:Watarru
2857:, etc.)
2836:Arkaroo
2461:Raukkan
2367:Watarru
2352:Pukatja
2338:Nyapaṟi
2197:Wirangu
2099:Ngawadj
2085:Ngarkat
2064:Ngameni
2015:Mirning
1973:Kokatha
1933:Dhirari
1905:Arabana
1883:Peoples
1764:(ed.).
1644:AIATSIS
1610:(ed.).
1557:(ed.).
1464:(ed.).
1398:Sources
777:Tindale
680:"shark"
654:Willara
628:Pamkala
622:toponym
593:Bungeha
461:Karraru
457:Mattiri
434:Beltana
382:Hookina
378:Edeowie
370:Tindale
364:Country
290:Wirangu
262:Kokatha
239:Yulanya
187:Whyalla
174:by the
75:English
59:unknown
3336:Cases:
3249:Words:
3121:Kaurna
2469:Yalata
2419:Gerard
2392:Akenta
2384:Other:
2324:Mimili
2317:Makiri
2176:Wailpi
2120:Nukunu
2057:Ngalia
1980:Kuyani
1966:Kaurna
1793:
1670:983545
1668:
1496:
1388:
1380:
1366:2020,
412:, and
394:Yardea
3407:Maria
3114:Dieri
2360:Umuwa
2310:Kaṉpi
2295:Kalka
2281:Iltur
2274:Amaṯa
2183:Warki
1940:Dieri
1771:(PDF)
1742:(PDF)
1706:(PDF)
1666:JSTOR
1606:. In
1604:(PDF)
1585:(PDF)
1564:(PDF)
1514:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
1430:(PDF)
1041:(PDF)
763:Notes
746:lbili
706:wilga
690:ngami
612:horde
483:Wife
430:Quorn
410:Cleve
402:Kimba
351:songs
324:as a
210:seeds
166:is a
3278:Laws
3207:Yuyu
2847:muda
2029:Nauo
1791:ISBN
1730:2022
1689:2020
1494:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1324:2022
1258:2020
1198:2023
1169:2023
1142:2023
1073:2023
1018:2023
1005:NITV
986:2023
956:2023
930:2023
900:2023
846:2023
672:babi
459:and
432:and
392:and
384:and
308:and
277:Nauo
243:Uley
138:The
112:Nauo
1010:AAP
755:rri
729:emu
368:In
202:emu
146:or
130:of
3498::
3176:,
2853:,
2849:,
1785:.
1721:.
1680:.
1662:39
1660:.
1642:.
1630:.
1587:.
1542:.
1529:.
1492:.
1488:.
1449:.
1409:.
1384:/
1376:.
1372:,
1356:^
1315:.
1311:.
1249:.
1189:.
1171:.
1159:.
1133:.
1129:.
1117:^
1096:^
1081:^
1058:.
1026:^
1008:.
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972:.
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416:.
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249:,
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1618:.
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1570:.
1548:.
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1520:.
1502:.
1477:.
1455:.
1440:.
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1326:.
1297:.
1260:.
1236:.
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1200:.
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848:.
799:)
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702:"
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624:)
620:(
614:)
514:B
492:A
134:.
85:)
77:(
20:)
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