841:
30:
659:
837:, as he had already done elsewhere. It remains "the strangest of all the so-called popular ballads of Alecsandri", in that "it enacts a false tradition that is not even Rmanian". This is also noted by scholar Ion Donat, according to whom Alecsandri's Mărăcine was "substantially different" from the folkloric character. Donat, who established the connection between Mărăcine as a folkloric character and the historical Barbu III, also noted that "the local tradition of Dolj proved closer to reality than Ronsard's poetic whim."
528:. Valentin Gheonea attributes Vlad Vintilă's assassination in June 1535 specifically to the Craiovești boyars. "The most powerful group at the time", they became "annoyed by the prince's exceedingly authoritarian manner". This is also proposed by Claudiu Neagoe. Unlike Gritti, he describes Mărăcine and the Craiovești as Ottoman loyalists who resented Vlad Vintilă's push for emancipation. He also notes that Barbu organized the hunting trip which created an opportunity for assassination. This account originates with
421:
561:. Olahus claims that Paisie and the rebel leader, who may have been Barbu III, fought a duel in front of their boyar armies; the latter was defeated and captured, but his partisans freed him from prison, then assailed Paisie, mutilated him, and sent him into exile. Rezachevici and other historians believe that the episode was a Craiovești ascendancy, and that Mărăcine was the actual Prince of Wallachia between February and April 1536.
633:. This plan was vetoed by Suleiman, and abandoned as Heraclid withdrew to Moldavia. Rezachevici also argues that Nicolaus Bassaraba remains the relevant source for Mărăcine's later life and death. Nicolaus claimed that "my father Barbulus Bassaraba" was strangled in 1565, on the orders of Sultan Suleiman, after engaging in a conspiracy. He himself escaped a similar fate by fleeing to
721:
Cremonese's only son was probably born to
Franceschina, and styled himself Neagu vodă Basarab; he may have been Barbu III's last direct descendant. Unlike his ancestors, Neagu set his sights on obtaining the throne of Moldavia. The other surviving Craiovești line briefly took the Wallachian throne in
469:
As noted by scholar
Constantin Rezachevici, historians were prone to identify Drăghici and Mărăcine as one and the same person, until documents discovered in 1976 proved them wrong. The actual Mărăcine, or Barbu III Craiovescu, also appears to have been entangled in the conspiracy to topple Vlad VI,
552:
on July 30, 1535, stripped of his office by August, and ultimately replaced with Șerban of
Izvorani. According to Oprea, the demotion "probably occurred after August 9". Now established as a dissenter, Mărăcine also stated a claim to the throne, taking up the family tradition. This also implied
556:
Paisie was subsequently faced with a boyar rebellion, which may have ended with his dethronement. As noted by
Gheonea, Paisie's ouster may be verified by the absence of writs issued in his name at any point between August and December 1536, and again between August and October 1537. This is
629:, to take over as a Wallachian vassal. The primary source which provides evidence for this refers to Heraclid's associate as the "son of Basarab". According to Claudiu Neagoe, "Nicolae Basarab, son of Barbu Craiovescu" was to be installed as puppet ruler following Hercalid's defeat of
262:, becoming the last of his family to hold that title. According to various accounts, he turned against his new lord, from organizing armed resistance in Oltenia to involving himself in Vlad Vintilă's assassination. He was able to maintain his position following the crowning of
670:
Although much of the family was expunged from
Wallachia, its matrilineal descendants continued to claim and hold high offices at the court of successive Princes. Still living in Wallachia, Mărăcine's aunt Marga was the mother of two sons, Vâlsan and Matei. She sold her estate
618:, noted that an unnamed "king of Wallachia", present in Istanbul, had signed up to the project of anti-Ottoman rebellion. Rezachevici believes that this was "very probably Barbu himself", while Gheonea reads it as a reference to Paisie and his secretive anti-Ottoman agenda.
385:. A competing hypothesis is that Neagoe's mother and Țepeluș's wife, Negea, was in fact a Craiovești by birth. Historian Ion Donat also notes that the Craiovești and Brâncoveni were related to the Basarabs not only through Neagoe, but also through a 1450s Prince,
688:, who was Marga's in-law and possibly also more directly related to the clan, remained loyal to Paisie and received many of the old Craiovești estates. Despite their conflict with Paisie, both Vâlsan and Matei were forced into exile by his rival and successor,
1079:
dances were still being performed in the
Kingdom of Romania; according to one report from 1916, they were in fact named "for the Roumanian general who developed it in order to give his soldiers something to occupy their time during leisure hours." Sociologist
708:
as
Wallachian Prince, with Ottoman backing. Another theory, advanced by historian Cristian Luca, identifies Cremonese as the natural father of a daughter, born before 1574, and the adoptive father of two other girls, whose real father was the
1016:) was highly improbable. In 1927, researcher C. Radu concluded that Alecsandri had not only fabricated the story, but also his own genealogy, with an "obvious resemblance" between the two narratives: the fictitious Alecsandri patriarch was a
597:
Traditional historiography held that Barbu died childless, and was therefore the last notable member of his family. Rezachevici argues against this interpretation, noting that it is only true in the sense that no other
Craiovești served as
516:
alleges that Barbu, on surface a pro-Ottoman, also sided with the
Hungarians. This text suggests that "Barbul Ban" was removed from office, but still withdrew to Craiova; in retaliation, Oltenia was invaded by loyalists from
447:; the Craiovești took over their claim, even though this broke the laws of succession: their only probable link to the Drăculești was maternal. Between 1530 and 1532, the family split into rival camps, with some supporting
606:. The latter was also identified as Mărăcine's son by genealogist G. D. Florescu. Other records may suggest that Mărăcine also continued to involve himself in intrigues, both in Wallachia and, with time, in neighboring
713:
Carlo
Cornelio Zamberlan. According to this reading, Cremonese married Zamberlan's widow, Franceschina Ghisi. Based on this identification, Mărăcine's grandson converted to Catholicism in the 1580s, but was rebuked by
277:; he was perhaps Neagoe's nephew. The resulting civil war allegedly involved a hand-to-hand duel between the two rivals, and also saw Paisie's mutilation by the rebels. Barbu probably seized the Wallachian throne with
695:
From his own exile, Nicolaus Bassaraba pleaded with the crowned heads of Western Europe to help him obtain the Wallachian crown, and also canvassed financial support. Though he never occupied the throne, in 1569, at
503:
By then, the political landscape of Wallachia had been complicated further, with Vlad Vintilă and some of the boyars remaining loyal to the Ottomans, while others began hatching plots to align the country with the
568:. Though they do not record the name of Paisie's usurper, scholars Cristina Feneșan and Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont discuss him as involved in Ottoman in-fighting: the anonymous boyar favorite was also backed by
1032:. In later decades, the myth was again revisited as a somewhat plausible account by scholars such as Frédéric Boyer (1965) and Elena Vulcănescu (2008)—the latter believes that Ronsard may have hailed from the
524:
According to medievalist Irina F. Cîrstina, Gritti's account should be disregarded as entirely spurious. Nevertheless, other scholars also highlight the mounting conflict between the Prince and the
2430:
641:
as a mercenary. A German diplomatic letter of August 15, 1565 seemingly backs this account, noting that on August 1 a "former despot of Wallachia" had been decapitated, then thrown into the
869:, who endorsed a version of the legend which identified Ronsard's ancestor with a "Romanian knight". Asachi believed that this figure was active ca. 1345, leading troops into battle in the
413:, was very likely Pârvu's son: historian N. Stoicescu provides sources that describe Preda as either Neagoe's cousin or brother. Another scholar, Radu Oprea, argues that the Prince and
753:; some also describe his burial site as Sadova Monastery, which may be the result of confusion between various Craiovești. Other oral traditions refer to his paramour, a boyaress from
2329:
Cristian Luca, "Documentary Notes Relative to the Kinships of Levantines and Venetians with the Princely Families from Wallachia and Moldavia", in Dumitru Țeicu, Ionel Cândea (eds.),
726:, widely seen as the second reigning member of the house, after Neagoe. In the 1630s, another collateral line of the Craiovești, claiming descent from Marga and Detco, took over with
704:". He disappeared from records in 1574. One hypothesis in the community of historians argues that Nicolaus was the father of Cremonese Basarab, who in November 1599 tried to replace
1055:
According to Ciorănescu, Alecsandri had managed to invent folklore: "this legend has become popular and is even sung and danced in certain rural circles." A dance routine known as
2505:
2132:
492:
of Oltenia on March 17, 1534, some three months after Hamza had been removed from that position. Like his father, Mărăcine probably established his regional court southwest of
2351:
2168:
440:
34:
2286:
840:
452:
154:
2231:
830:
273:, who took up arms against Paisie in 1536. Since the Craiovești claim contradicted the standards of Wallachian customary law, Mărăcine depicted himself as a son of
1861:
N., "Lettre de Roumanie (de notre correspondant particulier). Visite des deux cents Français en Roumanie — La France acclamé — L'origine roumaine de Ronsard", in
685:
1024:
viewed Alecsandri's ballad a "youthful idiocy", although he concluded that Ronsard's claim to a "Thracian" origin was not entirely baseless. Similarly, scholar
734:, Matei backed Neagu's Moldavian project. According to Luca, Neagu never got to see either Wallachia or Moldavia, instead spending his entire life in Istanbul.
2500:
392:
Beyond this dispute, it is likely that Neagoe and all other Craiovești descended from one Vlacsan Florev, which made them relatives of three other kingmaking
1826:
936:
2440:
663:
603:
509:
282:
170:
810:, who argued that it was entirely based in fact, and who suggested that Ronsard meant to say he was Wallachian. This then inspired a Moldavian-born poet,
1925:
745:, was written down in 1830. These stories establish strong links between Mărăcine, described as Prince of Wallachia, and various landmarks in and around
1064:
814:, who identified Ronsard's legendary ancestor with Mărăcine, ignoring that Ronsard himself was born in 1524. He recorded his reading into an eponymous
481:
410:
243:
159:
139:
2450:
362:
988:
1901:
402:
Pârvu Craiovescu; Pârvu's daughter (and Mărăcine's presumed aunt) Marga was the matriarch of another Craiovești branch, centered on the estate of
1834:
984:
602:. Rezachevici proposes that Mărăcine may have traveled through Europe before moving to Istanbul with his wife, his unnamed daughter, and a son,
634:
2425:
2259:
1071:'s 1652 anthology. The work was possibly first arranged in the 1850s, though Urechia's play had its own dance numbers, arranged by educator
1269:
Cîrstina, pp. 112, 116; Oprea, p. 164; Rezachevici, p. 54; Stoicescu, pp. 18, 95. See also Donat (1996), pp. 53–56, 102, 141, 143, 159, 163
2455:
521:. These were supposed to exercise terror in Vlad Vintilă's name, but also to help the Prince in preparing his own anti-Ottoman uprising.
281:
acquiescence, before being driven out by the returning Paisie later in 1536. Various records suggest that he lived in exile with his son
963:
Alecsandri's modern legend was accepted as factual by Ronsard experts Achille de Rochambeau and Prosper Blanchemain, and credited in an
681:
381:. The latter's own dynastic claim was doubtful, and, as various historians note, relied on him being recognized as the natural son of
564:
As Rezachevici notes (based on the account in Olahus), Mărăcine was, at least in the beginning, supported by Sultan Suleiman and the
1751:
1004:
This was already being contrasted by other verdicts. A 1915 monograph by Alexandru Resmiriță showed that Alecsandri's derivation of
2435:
2074:
Andrei Bucșan, "Din istoria folclorului și folcloristicii. 70 de ani de început de mișcare coregrafică românească (1848—1918)", in
2490:
2485:
548:. Though appointed by a boyar consensus, he soon had conflicts with the more prominent families. Barbu III was last mentioned as
396:
families: the Florescus, the Buzești, and the Drăgoești. According to standard interpretations, Neagoe's official father was the
1484:
Claudiu Neagoe, "'Uniuni dinastice' și proiecte matrimoniale între Țările Române în a doua jumătate a veacului al XVI-lea", in
455:, passed himself off as Neagoe's son, rather than his cousin, in an effort to usurp Vlad VI. His forgery sparked the wrath of
2338:
2176:
456:
29:
2364:
Radu Oprea, "Succinte observații privind genealogia și declinul politic al boierilor Craiovești în secolul al XVI-lea", in
382:
2331:
Românii în Europa medievală (Între Orientul bizantin și Occidentul latin). Studii în onoarea Profesorului Victor Spinei
1063:
as an "eminently athletic" and modern concept, one of several "arranged and stylized from folk elements". Musicologist
505:
2313:
Cristina Feneșan, Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont, "Notes et autres documents sur Aloisio Gritti et les pays roumains", in
431:, in a contemporary votive icon. The Prince's death transferred his claim to collateral Craiovești, including Mărăcine
297:, but still styled himself a Prince. His male descendants continued to be involved in intrigues in both Wallachia and
2359:
2294:
1215:
Donat (1996), pp. 39–41, 52, 56, 62, 77, 82, 157–162, 166, 168, 170–171, 173; Stoicescu, pp. 18–19, 47, 49, 62–63, 70
1111:, had also adopted the name. Here, a secondary myth emerged, describing Mărăcine's Oltenian grapes as the source of
393:
270:
1028:
proposed that Ronsard, while unrelated to Mărăcine and Oltenia, could have taken his family name from the town of
818:, localized in the 14th century but otherwise heavily indebted to the Oltenian tradition about the 16th-century
2262:, "Aloisio Griotti în slujba sultanului Soliman Kanunî, după unele documente turcești inedite (1533—1534)", in
532:, who claims that the boyars killed the Prince before he could kill them, and locates these events in Craiova.
2420:
1251:
Cîrstina, pp. 115–116; Donat (1996), pp. 56–58, 102; Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 72; Oprea, pp. 160–164
676:
573:
313:
2224:
2033:
485:
439:. Preda Craiovescu, who fashioned himself a regent, died the same year, in battle against Teodosie's enemy,
369:
fighting each other for the throne. Mărăcine's birth coincided with the political advent of his family, the
251:
2445:
2031:, "Specificul românesc și arta mișcării. Izvoare tradiționale cu privire la educația fizică la români", in
976:
2202:
Dan Rotaru, "Vetre ale continuității românești. Curtea de Argeș. Un trandafir pentru o inimă în plus", in
2515:
2495:
2475:
2465:
1084:
noted in 1939 that the dance routine had been created as a cabaret act by Moceanu, and came with fantasy
428:
83:
2378:
Constantin Rezachevici, "Doi poeți, un personaj și adevărul. 'Banul Mărăcine' – un domn necunoscut", in
935:
s sons, Petru, as a refugee to France (as well as Ronsard's ancestor). By 1899, when recorded by critic
590:
Toma of Pietroșani. Both were swiftly executed by Paisie, who retook his crown with assistance from the
890:
622:
1132:
591:
386:
235:
2371:Ștefan Pop, "Poetul francez Ronsard (†1585) și Banul Mărăcine din Craiova (1341)", Parts II–III, in
2252:
Irina F. Cîrstina, "Cercuri ale puterii in Țara Românească in sec. al XVI-lea: domni și boieri", in
2480:
2460:
2415:
991:, who revisited the topic shortly before his death in 1924. He and other authors believed that the
948:
459:
443:. All the main Drăculești lines were probably extinguished with the deaths of Princes Teodosie and
344:. Mărăcine's name and his legendary career remain associated with a dance routine and a variety of
290:
198:
59:
971:. In 1911, the Frenchman Rouët de Ceresnes, inspired by the legend, rewrote it as a novel, titled
569:
2510:
2049:, "Valorificarea patrimoniului muzical românesc și unele aspecte ale probității științifice", in
995:
had died in France in 1341. Claretie also viewed Ronsard as a cultured version of the Wallachian
940:
921:
917:
807:
2087:
Nicolae Rădulescu, "Pagini de istorie. Inceputurile practicării gimnasticii la noi în țară", in
2028:
1060:
882:
865:
In addition to picking up ideas from Vaillant, Alecsandri may have been inspired by the writer
470:
but, according to Oprea, only from March 1532. A writ of the period notes that the estates of "
337:
939:, the story had it that a "Baldovin Mărăcine" had settled in France ca. 1320, before the very
580:, who probably supported Paisie. Also backing Mărăcine were Tudor of Drăgoești, the country's
1906:
881:. Over the following decades, it inspired other literary works, including an 1874 novella by
878:
870:
799:
741:, the hero of several Oltenian legends. The first one of these, preserved by the peasants of
705:
436:
424:
149:
42:
250:, he had his estate confiscated. He returned to favor later that year, with the crowning of
2410:
1863:
980:
925:
877:(1855), Alecsandri's poem also functioned as propaganda, canvassing French support for the
611:
8:
1993:
1179:
Cîrstina, p. 112; Donat (1996), pp. 39–40, 154; Rezachevici, p. 54; Stoicescu, pp. 18, 74
1120:
365:
from 1417, Wallachia was frequently troubled by civil wars, with various branches of the
2276:
2160:
1356:
Claudiu Neagoe, "Cultura orală și rolul ei social în Țările Române (sec. XV–XVIII)", in
1116:
448:
247:
2470:
2343:
1033:
1029:
1017:
905:
901:
874:
834:
791:
451:
and others conspiring to have him removed. In late 1530, another member of the family,
444:
333:
321:
1140:
916:"), part of which centers on Mărăcine. It backdated the narrative to the 12th-century
701:
285:, and that both of them continued to claim the throne. Barbu was ultimately killed in
2390:
2355:
2334:
2306:
2290:
2243:
2239:
2172:
2111:
1953:
1838:
1136:
1124:
1100:
1048:
tried but failed to sell his screenplay, based on Alecsandri's myth, to producers at
826:
811:
779:
738:
630:
615:
577:
545:
529:
329:
317:
305:
246:. Mărăcine himself entered historical record in 1532, when, as an opponent of Prince
193:
750:
1115:. A short adventure novel, also based on the earlier legend, was penned in 1967 by
1072:
968:
658:
553:
falsifying his lineage and describing himself as Neagoe's son, rather than nephew.
366:
223:
645:. As noted by Rezachevici, the source "could only refer to Barbu III Craiovescu".
2322:
1562:
1068:
894:
866:
859:
847:
833:, who doubts that Mărăcine even existed, sees the work as a sample of Alecsandri
731:
710:
689:
558:
374:
757:, and claim that Mărăcine had fathered several daughters. A folk song, known as
518:
2219:
2124:
1085:
1081:
1067:
identifies the melody as an ancient one, with one of its variants appearing in
1045:
642:
638:
626:
480:" were confiscated by the Prince, then assigned to Mărăcine's loyalist nephew,
378:
294:
278:
274:
215:
144:
129:
119:
1808:
723:
2404:
2301:
2054:
1966:
1396:
Cornelia Popa-Gorjanu, "Despre originea lui Nicolaus Olahus (1493–1568)", in
1112:
1104:
1025:
1021:
951:, argued that Ronsard truly had Romanian ancestors, but that these came from
886:
851:
730:
seizing the throne. In the years after his coronation, and leading up to the
727:
715:
621:
Several historians believe that, in 1563, Nicolaus conspired with Moldavia's
576:; the latter lost his position and his life in early 1563, being replaced by
513:
345:
341:
269:
Mărăcine's own bid for the throne was embraced by some factions of the local
46:
2387:
Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII
1095:
throughout the 20th century. "Banul Mărăcine" landmarks include a street in
983:, carried only by "insufficient proof". Although again debunked by Romanist
484:. Mărăcine reached prominence following Vlad VI's accidental drowning, when
420:
403:
370:
239:
38:
2046:
1842:
1037:
964:
565:
496:, in his family's fortified church, and built primitive defenses along the
2394:
1096:
794:, contradicts another poem by Ronsard, where he fashions himself as being
312:. A modern legend also claimed him, anachronistically, as the ancestor of
1128:
844:
742:
541:
332:, published in the 1850s. It later also inspired prose by, among others,
309:
263:
1139:
during the 1970s, a new quarter, named "Banu Mărăcine", was attached to
1108:
825:
Moreover, Alecsandri claimed that the story of Mărăcine's career in the
746:
2273:
Fundațiunile religioase ale Olteniei. Partea I-a: Mânăstiri și schituri
2247:
1656:
Rezachevici, pp. 53, 56. See also Donat (1937), p. 68; Stoicescu, p. 47
1296:
Stoicescu, pp. 47, 62–63. See also Cîrstina, p. 116; Rezachevici, p. 54
900:
The myth was consolidated and enhanced after 1881, in the newly formed
2333:, pp. 653–675. Brăila: Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei, 2008.
2189:
1515:
Donat (1996), pp. 40–42, 56, 107, 110; Stoicescu, pp. 47, 70, 144, 153
1099:, which took that name in the interwar years, and, from March 1944, a
1088:
that were later adopted as authentic by Romania's urbanized peasants.
997:
786:, first published in 1554, Ronsard imagined himself as the heir of a "
778:
is also the inspiration for a romantic myth involving the French poet
672:
2146:
913:
803:
787:
761:, apparently records Mărăcine's involvement in the regicide of 1535.
582:
497:
242:
pretenders to the throne, a category which also included his father,
231:
1991:
Craioveanul, "Cronica Culturală. Mișcarea culturală craioveană", in
952:
928:
as the lovers of Mărăcine's two daughters, and depicting one of the
754:
607:
463:
298:
286:
115:
1049:
472:
1542:
Donat (1996), pp. 32, 56, 63, 67–68, 142, 146, 149, 162, 164, 172
1445:
Rezachevici, pp. 53, 54. See also Oprea, p. 164; Stoicescu, p. 47
1091:
The myth still inspired Romanians to name things in honor of the
798:("of the German nation"). It also clashes with a 1586 oration by
697:
493:
259:
64:
2431:
16th-century military personnel of the Principality of Wallachia
2059:
Un compozitor român ardelean din secolul al XVII-lea: Ioan Caion
1902:"Meridiane: De la obsesia dezrădăcinării la visul Europei Unite"
2320:
Valentin Gheonea, "Un domnitor controversat — Radu Paisie", in
2304:, "Marchizul de Ronsart, poetul Ronsard și Banul Mărăcine", in
1813:
1811:, "Studii, mărturii, documente. Gr. H. Grandea și Craiova", in
1756:
987:
in 1912, it was still being viewed as a reliable hypothesis by
975:. By then, the story had been denounced by the Romanian critic
815:
790:" marquess. The pedigree, described as a "joke" by the erudite
398:
325:
2144:"Dela C.F.R. Darea în exploatare a stației Banu Mărăcine", in
1287:
Oprea, pp. 160–161. See also Donat (1996), pp. 57–58, 102, 141
1123:
company. By 1971, Băjenaru's text had also been turned into a
308:, which identifies him as the patron of various places around
2109:"Folk Dance of Roumania Will be Given at Balkan Concert", in
1524:
Donat (1996), pp. 56, 77, 158–162, 166; Stoicescu, pp. 51, 70
806:. In 1844, the "Thracian" account was picked up by historian
2375:, Issue 35/1924, pp. 3–4, and Issue 36/1924, p. 4.
1778:
Ciorănescu, p. 84; Odobescu, pp. 249–250; Rezachevici, p. 57
1409:
Luca, p. 658; Oprea, pp. 159–160; Rezachevici, pp. 54–55, 56
1369:
Rezachevici, p. 54. See also Oprea, p. 159; Stoicescu, p. 47
1044:
magazine, put out from Craiova; during the interwar, poet
1884:
1882:
666:, referring to himself as heir to "Transalpine Wallachia"
2006:
Alice Mănoiu, "Cine-i mai mare: marea sau Eftimiu?", in
266:, but was eventually toppled by the latter in mid-1535.
1845:; Vasile Novac, "Goleștii în istoria Bucureștilor", in
324:
probably found its first complete form in an eponymous
2506:
People executed for treason against the Ottoman Empire
1879:
488:
took over as Prince. The new monarch confirmed him as
1971:
Despre preclasicism. Conferință la Institutul frances
1471:
1469:
1224:
Oprea, pp. 159, 161–162; Stoicescu, pp. 18–19, 46, 74
947:. A competing hypothesis, suggested by the heraldist
700:, he created his sponsor, Hans Heher, a "Marquess of
1157:
1155:
829:
had been found in his folkloric source. Philologist
230:; died August 1?, 1565), was a historical figure in
1560:Eugen Denize, "Români în Spania secolului XVI", in
1506:
Rezachevici, pp. 55–56. See also Oprea, pp. 159–160
1306:
1304:
1302:
1242:
Oprea, p. 159; Rezachevici, p. 54; Stoicescu, p. 46
2283:Domeniul domnesc în Țara Românească (sec. XIV–XVI)
1752:"Banul Mărăcine–Pierre de Ronsard, un mit bicefal"
1466:
1973:, p. 7. Vălenii de Munte: Datina Românească, 1938
1338:
1336:
1334:
1152:
1103:station located southeast of Craiova. By 1965, a
675:to Paisie, as a means to free both brothers from
2402:
1786:
1784:
1299:
737:With time, Banul Mărăcine became a character in
1718:
1716:
1847:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie
1331:
293:; Nicolaus escaped punishment and fled to the
2501:16th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire
1781:
2366:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări. Seria Istorie
2165:Cișmigiu & Comp. Bună dimineața, băieți!
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1713:
1486:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări. Seria Istorie
1358:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări. Seria Istorie
973:Le Chevalier de Ronsard et le Ban Maratchine
254:. Like Preda before him, Mărăcine served as
2441:16th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
2389:. Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 1971.
2053:, Vol. LV, Issue 24, December 1975, p. 27;
1352:
1350:
1348:
885:and an 1878 historical drama, in verse, by
356:
1857:
1855:
1436:Cîrstina, pp. 117, 128; Rezachevici, p. 58
1400:, Vol. 6, 2014, p. 318; Rezachevici, p. 53
1278:Rezachevici, p. 54. See also Oprea, p. 164
535:
2206:, Vol. XII, Issue 3, September 1977, p. 6
2193:, Vol. XX, Issue 45, November 1971, p. 25
1817:, Vol. VII, Issue 2, February 1970, p. 13
1734:
1418:Cîrstina, p. 128; Rezachevici, pp. 53, 55
1197:Donat (1996), pp. 39–40, 154–155, 178–180
2451:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
2100:Pop III, p. 4. See also Brezianu, p. 206
2037:, Vol. X, Issue 2, February 1943, p. 360
1951:(II, 1—2, Ian.—Febr. 1927—Focșani)", in
1345:
839:
764:
657:
435:Neagoe was succeeded in 1521 by his son
419:
1997:, Vol. 54, Issue 1, January 1922, p. 87
1852:
1040:was announced as editor of an upcoming
2403:
2091:, Vol. XI, Issue 6, June 1958, p. 380
1701:Ciorănescu, p. 84; Rezachevici, p. 57
1638:Luca, pp. 659–660; Rezachevici, p. 58
1620:Luca, pp. 659–661; Rezachevici, p. 58
1584:Luca, pp. 656–661; Rezachevici, p. 58
427:'s body being held up by his mother,
77:March 17, 1534 – August 1535
2264:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
2256:, Vol. XXIX, 2007, pp. 110–133.
1427:Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 74
769:
2368:, Vol. XVI, 2007, pp. 159–164.
2266:, Vol. VII, 1974, pp. 101–160.
1398:Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis
13:
2456:Christians from the Ottoman Empire
653:
289:, having encountered the wrath of
14:
2527:
2326:, September 1996, pp. 49–51.
2228:, Issue 1/1936, pp. 197–206.
1835:Stabilimentul Grafic I. V. Socecŭ
1319:Decei, pp. 125–126, 132, 146, 152
540:The new ruler was a former monk,
373:, which claimed descent from the
2426:History of Wallachia (1512–1714)
2076:Revista de Etnografie și Folclor
958:
850:, appearing as a French lady in
802:, which depicts the Ronsards as
557:corroborated by the writings of
28:
2436:16th-century monarchs in Europe
2382:, October 1998, pp. 53–58.
2196:
2187:M. M., "Sfîrșitul toamnei", in
2181:
2153:
2138:
2118:
2103:
2094:
2081:
2078:, Vol. 27, Issue 1, 1982, p. 89
2068:
2040:
2022:
2013:
2000:
1985:
1976:
1960:
1941:
1932:
1913:
1891:
1870:
1820:
1802:
1793:
1772:
1763:
1725:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1478:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1322:
1313:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
612:Božidar Vuković "della Vecchia"
363:tributary of the Ottoman Empire
202:Bramble"), common rendition of
96:February – April 1536?
2491:Exiles from the Ottoman Empire
2486:Romanian expatriates in Turkey
2315:Anatolia Moderna. Yeni Anadolu
2310:, Issue 42/1923, pp. 5–6.
2222:, "Ronsard sau Mărăcine?", in
1533:Donat (1996), pp. 62, 158, 159
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
979:as a sample of "chauvinistic"
889:. The latter premiered at the
304:Mărăcine's memory survived in
1:
2317:, Vol. III, 1992, pp. 61–103.
2212:
2057:, "Recenzii. Negrea Marțian:
614:, who spied on behalf of the
462:, who oversaw his hanging at
2352:Editura Litera International
2350:. Bucharest & Chișinău:
2348:Doamna Chiajna și alte proze
2169:Editura Litera International
977:Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion
417:were indisputably brothers.
351:
7:
512:. A contemporary report by
506:Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
234:, who claimed the title of
10:
2532:
2225:Revista Fundațiilor Regale
2034:Revista Fundațiilor Regale
1710:Rezachevici, pp. 53, 56–57
1497:Rezachevici, pp. 54–56, 58
1454:Rezachevici, pp. 54–55, 58
1012:("bramble", and therefore
891:National Theater Bucharest
718:for keeping "four wives".
637:, and then fought for the
486:Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina
252:Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina
2115:, February 25, 1916, p. 3
1360:, Vol. XXIII, 2014, p. 36
1188:Donat (1996), pp. 82, 154
873:. Published in French by
648:
592:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
508:, which was fighting the
406:. Mărăcine's father, the
377:Basarabs, through Prince
179:
175:one or several daughters?
166:
135:
125:
109:
104:
100:
89:
81:
70:
57:
53:
27:
18:
1867:, October 20, 1909, p. 4
1146:
1075:. In the 1910 and '20s,
949:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
460:Suleiman the Magnificent
357:Origins and early causes
291:Suleiman the Magnificent
238:. He was one of several
2133:Fundația Regele Carol I
2089:Cultură Fizică și Sport
2063:Revista Istorică Română
1849:, Vol. IX, 1972, p. 213
1566:, September 1996, p. 53
1488:, Vol. XI, 2002, p. 197
1233:Oprea, pp. 159, 161–162
941:foundation of Wallachia
918:Second Bulgarian Empire
808:Jean Alexandre Vaillant
536:1536 uprising and exile
441:Vlad Dragomir Călugărul
2150:, March 23, 1944, p. 4
1888:Rezachevici, pp. 57–58
1575:Luca, pp. 658–659, 661
1387:Rezachevici, pp. 54–55
908:published his novella
883:N. D. Popescu-Popnedea
862:
667:
432:
338:N. D. Popescu-Popnedea
227:
219:
22:(Barbu III Craiovescu)
2287:Editura enciclopedică
1957:, Issue 5/1927, p. 80
1929:, Issue 70/1911, p. 9
1876:Brezianu, pp. 202–203
1833:, p. 671. Bucharest:
1731:Ciorănescu, pp. 83–84
1692:Brezianu, pp. 199–200
1328:Cîrstina, pp. 116–117
1133:urban systematization
1105:wine-producing region
879:United Principalities
843:
800:Jacques Davy Duperron
765:Mărăcine as a Ronsard
661:
570:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
476:Barbul and Preda the
423:
340:, and verse drama by
301:, down to the 1650s.
150:Teodosie of Wallachia
2421:Princes of Wallachia
2232:Alexandru Ciorănescu
2131:, p. 67. Bucharest:
2029:Constantin Kirițescu
2010:, Issue 2/1991, p. 4
1831:Istoria Bucurescilor
1629:Donat (1996), p. 153
1061:Constantin Kirițescu
981:Romanian nationalism
831:Alexandru Ciorănescu
574:Ottoman Grand Vizier
204:Barbu III Craiovescu
2446:People from Craiova
1994:Convorbiri Literare
1827:George Ionescu-Gion
1551:Donat (1996), p. 77
1121:Editura Tineretului
1036:. In January 1922,
945:Baudouin de Ronsard
937:George Ionescu-Gion
893:for the benefit of
835:inventing tradition
686:Detco of Brâncoveni
662:Latin signature of
84:Prince of Wallachia
2516:Romanian mythology
2496:Executed regicides
2476:Romanian duellists
2466:Romanian assassins
2344:Alexandru Odobescu
1900:Sonia Cuciureanu,
1750:Elena Vulcănescu,
1683:Rezachevici, p. 57
1665:Rezachevici, p. 56
1611:Luca, pp. 659, 661
1475:Rezachevici, p. 55
1310:Donat (1937), p. 8
1161:Rezachevici, p. 54
1020:knight. Historian
906:Grigore H. Grandea
902:Kingdom of Romania
875:Abdolonyme Ubicini
871:Hundred Years' War
863:
792:Alexandru Odobescu
668:
664:Nicolaus Bassaraba
604:Nicolaus Bassaraba
433:
383:Basarab IV Țepeluș
334:Grigore H. Grandea
322:invented tradition
314:French Renaissance
283:Nicolaus Bassaraba
220:Barbulus Bassaraba
171:Nicolaus Bassaraba
2339:978-973-1871-17-2
2307:Universul Literar
2240:Twayne Publishers
2238:. New York City:
2236:Vasile Alecsandri
2177:978-606-741-922-1
2159:"Cronologie", in
2112:Indianapolis News
2019:Ciorănescu, p. 84
1954:Universul Literar
1593:Luca, pp. 654–661
1137:Communist Romania
1131:. As part of the
1125:spoken word album
1101:Romanian Railways
1086:Romanian costumes
1034:Vlachs of Moravia
827:Kingdom of France
812:Vasile Alecsandri
796:de nation germain
780:Pierre de Ronsard
770:Birth of the myth
759:Vlad Vodă Vintilă
739:Romanian folklore
635:Hospitaller Malta
631:Peter the Younger
616:Holy Roman Empire
578:Ayas Mehmed Pasha
544:, alleged son of
330:Vasile Alecsandri
318:Pierre de Ronsard
306:Romanian folklore
183:
182:
2523:
2277:Scrisul Românesc
2207:
2200:
2194:
2185:
2179:
2161:Grigore Băjenaru
2157:
2151:
2142:
2136:
2122:
2116:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2044:
2038:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1917:
1911:
1907:România Literară
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1824:
1818:
1806:
1800:
1799:Brezianu, p. 206
1797:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1749:
1745:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1674:Odobescu, p. 249
1672:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1464:
1463:Stoicescu, p. 46
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1354:
1343:
1340:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:Cîrstina, p. 115
1204:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1117:Grigore Băjenaru
1073:Gheorghe Moceanu
1059:is described by
969:Anna de Noailles
934:
858:. Photograph by
706:Nicolae Pătrașcu
610:. In July 1536,
482:Hamza of Obislav
453:Drăghici Gogoașă
411:Preda Craiovescu
367:House of Basarab
244:Preda Craiovescu
160:Hamza of Obislav
155:Drăghici Gogoașă
140:Preda Craiovescu
105:Personal details
94:
75:
32:
16:
15:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2481:Romanian exiles
2461:Romanian rebels
2416:Bans of Oltenia
2401:
2400:
2399:
2380:Magazin Istoric
2373:Foaie Diecezană
2323:Magazin Istoric
2215:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2182:
2167:, . Bucharest:
2158:
2154:
2143:
2139:
2123:
2119:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2069:
2045:
2041:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2001:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1965:
1961:
1946:
1942:
1938:Pop II, pp. 3–4
1937:
1933:
1919:"Bibliografii.
1918:
1914:
1910:, Issue 24/2013
1897:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1860:
1853:
1825:
1821:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1563:Magazin Istoric
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1341:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1141:Curtea de Argeș
1069:Johannes Caioni
961:
955:, in Moldavia.
932:
895:Alsace-Lorraine
867:Gheorghe Asachi
860:Carol Szathmari
772:
767:
732:battle of Finta
711:Veneto-Cypriote
690:Mircea Ciobanul
677:Ottoman slavery
656:
654:Early posterity
651:
559:Nicolaus Olahus
538:
429:Princess Milica
359:
354:
228:Koca Barbul Ban
174:
158:
153:
148:
143:
114:
113:August 1?, 1565
95:
90:
76:
71:
49:
35:Wallachian bird
23:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2529:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2511:Burials at sea
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2398:
2397:
2385:N. Stoicescu,
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2341:
2327:
2318:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2280:
2267:
2257:
2250:
2229:
2220:Barbu Brezianu
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2195:
2180:
2152:
2137:
2125:Henri H. Stahl
2117:
2102:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2065:, 1940, p. 395
2051:Era Socialistă
2039:
2021:
2012:
1999:
1984:
1975:
1959:
1940:
1931:
1921:Banul Mărăcine
1912:
1890:
1878:
1869:
1851:
1819:
1801:
1792:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1760:, Issue 2/2008
1733:
1724:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1477:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1344:
1342:Gheonea, p. 50
1330:
1321:
1312:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1107:, centered on
1082:Henri H. Stahl
1077:Banul Mărăcine
1065:Marțian Negrea
1057:Banul Mărăcine
1046:Victor Eftimiu
1042:Banul Mărăcine
960:
957:
856:Banul Mărăcine
771:
768:
766:
763:
751:Bănesele River
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:Sea of Marmara
639:Spanish Empire
627:Iacob Heraclid
546:Radu the Great
537:
534:
530:Macarious Zaim
379:Neagoe Basarab
358:
355:
353:
350:
295:Spanish Empire
275:Neagoe Basarab
208:Barbu Mărăcine
186:Banul Mărăcine
181:
180:
177:
176:
168:
164:
163:
145:Neagoe Basarab
137:
133:
132:
130:Sea of Marmara
127:
123:
122:
120:Ottoman Empire
111:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
87:
86:
79:
78:
68:
67:
55:
54:
51:
50:
33:
25:
24:
20:Banul Mărăcine
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2528:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:9975-904-60-2
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2302:Mircea Eliade
2300:
2296:
2295:973-454-170-6
2292:
2288:
2285:. Bucharest:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2055:Dan Simonescu
2052:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1967:Nicolae Iorga
1963:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:(in Romanian)
1894:
1885:
1883:
1873:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1790:Pop III, p. 4
1787:
1785:
1775:
1766:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:(in Romanian)
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1460:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1378:Oprea, p. 159
1375:
1366:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1260:Oprea, p. 160
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1170:Decei, p. 146
1167:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:occurring in
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Burgundy wine
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:Râmnicu Sărat
1027:
1026:Mircea Eliade
1023:
1022:Nicolae Iorga
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
986:
985:Henri Longnon
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:Ramifications
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:Zâna Olteniei
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
887:V. A. Urechia
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
857:
853:
852:V. A. Urechia
849:
846:
842:
838:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
728:Matei Basarab
725:
719:
717:
716:Pope Sixtus V
712:
707:
703:
699:
693:
691:
687:
684:
683:
678:
674:
665:
660:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
595:
593:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
560:
554:
551:
547:
543:
533:
531:
527:
522:
520:
515:
514:Alvise Gritti
511:
507:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:
467:
465:
461:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
426:
422:
418:
416:
412:
409:
405:
401:
400:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
349:
347:
346:Romanian wine
343:
342:V. A. Urechia
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Barbu Basarab
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
187:
178:
172:
169:
165:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:Resting place
124:
121:
117:
112:
108:
103:
99:
93:
88:
85:
80:
74:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
48:
47:Matei Basarab
45:, as used by
44:
43:in escutcheon
40:
36:
31:
26:
17:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2347:
2330:
2321:
2314:
2305:
2282:
2272:
2263:
2253:
2235:
2223:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2183:
2164:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2128:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2047:Viorel Cosma
2042:
2032:
2024:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1987:
1982:Eliade, p. 6
1978:
1970:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1934:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1905:
1893:
1872:
1862:
1846:
1830:
1822:
1812:
1804:
1795:
1774:
1769:Pop II, p. 4
1765:
1755:
1727:
1722:Eliade, p. 5
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1647:Luca, p. 660
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1602:Luca, p. 659
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1357:
1324:
1315:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1092:
1090:
1076:
1056:
1054:
1041:
1038:Elena Farago
1013:
1009:
1005:
1003:
996:
992:
989:Léo Claretie
972:
965:intertextual
962:
944:
929:
909:
899:
864:
855:
824:
819:
795:
783:
775:
773:
758:
749:, and along
736:
720:
694:
680:
669:
620:
599:
596:
587:
581:
566:Ottoman Army
563:
555:
549:
539:
525:
523:
519:Buzău County
502:
489:
477:
471:
468:
434:
414:
407:
397:
391:
387:Vladislav II
360:
303:
268:
255:
211:
207:
203:
197:
189:
185:
184:
91:
72:
58:
2411:1565 deaths
2275:. Craiova:
2269:Ion Donat,
2260:Aurel Decei
2008:Noul Cinema
1809:Pavel Țugui
1129:Electrecord
943:, becoming
912:("Oltenian
904:. In 1889,
897:refugees.
845:Matei Millo
743:Dolj County
724:Radu Șerban
722:1603, with
542:Radu Paisie
310:Dolj County
264:Radu Paisie
2405:Categories
2213:References
2129:Pentru sat
1843:1008157439
920:, showing
510:Little War
404:Brâncoveni
375:Drăculești
371:Craiovești
240:Craiovești
39:Craiovești
2471:Regicides
2395:822954574
2354:, 1998.
2289:, 1996.
2242:, 1973.
2171:, 2009.
2147:Universul
1949:Freamătul
1947:"Ecouri.
1837:, 1899.
1097:Timișoara
922:Ivan Asen
804:Moravians
784:Elégie XX
782:. In his
583:Logothete
498:Jiu River
352:Biography
232:Wallachia
196:for "The
136:Relations
92:In office
82:De facto
73:In office
2254:Cumidava
1864:La Croix
1109:Pielești
1018:Venetian
1014:Mărăcine
967:poem by
926:Peter II
788:Thracian
755:Ghindeni
747:Coșoveni
702:Ialomița
608:Moldavia
464:Istanbul
437:Teodosie
425:Teodosie
299:Moldavia
287:Istanbul
271:boyardom
194:Romanian
190:Mărăcină
167:Children
162:(nephew)
152:(cousin)
147:(uncle?)
142:(father)
116:Istanbul
2279:, 1937.
2190:Flacăra
1926:Tribuna
1006:Ronsard
998:Lăutari
848:in drag
698:Segovia
673:Bistreț
494:Craiova
449:Vlad VI
320:. This
279:Ottoman
260:Oltenia
248:Vlad VI
224:Turkish
157:(uncle)
65:Oltenia
2393:
2358:
2337:
2293:
2248:665571
2246:
2175:
2061:", in
1923:", in
1841:
1814:Ramuri
1757:Ramuri
953:Bârlad
816:ballad
649:Legacy
623:Prince
586:, and
572:, the
457:Sultan
399:Vornic
326:ballad
236:Prince
2204:Argeș
1904:, in
1754:, in
1147:Notes
1127:, at
1050:Pathé
1010:ronce
1008:from
933:'
914:Fairy
682:Armaș
473:Jupan
445:Moise
394:boyar
316:poet
216:Latin
41:arms
37:with
2391:OCLC
2356:ISBN
2335:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2244:OCLC
2173:ISBN
1839:OCLC
1119:for
924:and
774:The
600:Bans
336:and
110:Died
1093:Ban
1052:.
993:Ban
930:Ban
854:'s
820:Ban
776:Ban
588:Ban
550:Ban
526:Ban
490:Ban
478:Ban
415:Ban
408:Ban
328:by
258:of
256:Ban
210:or
199:Ban
188:or
63:of
60:Ban
2407::
2346:,
2234:,
2163:,
2135:,
2127:,
1969:,
1881:^
1854:^
1829:,
1783:^
1736:^
1715:^
1468:^
1347:^
1333:^
1301:^
1154:^
1143:.
1001:.
822:.
692:.
679:.
625:,
594:.
500:.
466:.
389:.
361:A
348:.
226::
222:,
218::
206:,
118:,
214:(
192:(
173:?
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