Radu Paisie - Knowledge

1161: 1909: 1678: 309: 1929: 1177: 1372:, to obtain his support. The competition became tense in December 1544, when Paisie was ordered to send his eldest son, Marco or Marcu, who was by then his nominal co-ruler, as an hostage to the Porte. He failed to deliver within the required interval, which alerted the Ottomans that he was plotting a revolt. Suleiman prepared his ouster, making sure that Mircea would be able to occupy the throne before Paisie could "abscond with the treasury". Other authors suggest that the Ottomans had learned about Paisie's Habsburg alliance, which thus contributed to his ouster. 1736:, introduced by Ljubavić for various prayer books, was inferior to the type used in previous decades; the illustrations, instead, were "rather beautiful". The impact of Slavonic as a state language remained high, even though occasionally challenged by Greek. According to archivist Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu, the penetration of Greek at Paisie's court was overestimated because of a single text which survived in Greek translation. The rediscovery of its Slavonic original toned down that claim, although "one could still write in Greek in Wallachia at that time." 1317:. One document suggests that Stroe had twice invaded Wallachia from the north, and therefore that there were two distinct battles of Fântâna Țiganului. Gheonea argues that the source, which pushes Laiotă's claim back to 1537, must be a forgery, of a "frequent kind in that era." Researcher N. Stoicescu also advanced 1544 as the date of the battle, although also noting that some records have 1542. Spiridon Cristocea and his colleagues date the battle to October 1544; they also note that Piscan's betrayal is still commemorated in the eponymous village of 1947: 857:, driving his loyalist troops in from the north. Among the primary sources, Olahus claimed that his cousin was in Transylvania during the exile interval. Paisie was then able to re-consolidate his power, turning to violent repression. Some records describe other smaller revolts, which are not located chronologically; one was led by another pretender, Ivan Viezure, whom Paisie captured and decapitated, possibly in 1537. Victims of his revenge included Tudor of Drăgoești, the country's 1510: 906: 1493:. According to Cîrstina, the "circle of power, formed around the family of Radu Paisie", was active in obtaining the throne for both of his presumed grandsons. However, Filipescu doubts Michael's claim and the legends associated with it, noting that "no historian of ours (or foreign) attests as to who he was or how he took the throne". According to an early assessment by Iorga, Michael was born to Pătrașcu's paramour, 1460:. One theory suggests that "Pătrașcu" was Marco's regnal name. However, Paisie and Marco appear side by side in an Argeș Monastery fresco presumed to have been completed in the 1550s, on Pătrașcu's orders. According to Gane, Pătrașcu was a legitimate son, born to Paisie's first wife, Stana; if this is the case, then through his marriage he became a posthumous son in law of Toma of Pietroșani, his father's enemy. 1452:. One document, issued in 1572, suggests that Ruxandra had continued to reside in Wallachia to her death. The inscription on her putative grave omits her name, possibly as punishment for her alleged incest with Paisie. It is also not precisely known what became of Paisie's designated heir, Marco, or of his brother Vlad. In 1554–1557, between two of Mircea's reigns, the Wallachian throne was taken by a 1364:, Suleiman ordered Paisie to press the Metropolitan (either Varlaam or Anania) into compliance. Iorga also mentions a document, which he dates to September 1544, whereby Paisie confiurmed donations to the Buzău bishops—read by Iorga as the bishopric's actual foundation. Although Paisie had by then resumed control of his country, a more powerful contender for his throne arrived on the scene. This was 779:. Zápolya agreed to speak to Suleiman on behalf of the regicides, some of whom had found a temporary refuge in his Transylvanian lands. He also intervened on Paisie's behalf, informing Suleiman that the former monk was an "insignificant servant", who could be relied upon for preserving Wallachia in the Ottoman sphere of influence; on July 20, Paisie sent a letter to Zápolya in which he swore his 1309:, west of Bucharest. The rebels were defeated; both Stroe and Laiotă were executed, with the former being buried at Strâmbu-Găiseni Monastery. Vlaicu Piscan, who had joined them in the plot, and Stanciu of Pietroșani were also recorded as "slaughtered" in the aftermath. Furcovici had an essential role in returning Paisie to his throne, and, for this service, was made owner of 1226:: Rareș complained to the Porte that Isabella intended to invade Moldavia from Transylvania, with Polish help; Paisie informed Isabella of this, advising her to openly deny that she had any such plans—in March 1542, Isabella heeded his advice, but the intrigue served to persuade Suleiman that Rareș was loyal to him. In his letters to Isabella, Paisie also described the 1043:. Again faced with an insurgency, Paisie departed for Istanbul, where Suleiman reconfirmed him as a Prince. He returned to Wallachia alongside an Ottoman emissary, charged with restoring order. His return pushed the boyars, including Șerban, to take flight in Ottoman lands, where Giura spent the rest of his life. In September 1539, one of Paisie's writs donated to the 1430:. The new monarch tried to coax other Paisie loyalists into returning, sending Barbu of Pietroșani, orphaned son of Toma, to bribe them. The effort was a failure, but so were the exiles' various attempts to remove Mircea. Over the following months, Mircea's violence lost him the support of his own boyars. In 1547, Barbu and the Drăgoești absconded with Wallachia's 1497:, rather than to Princess-consort Voica; this account was backed by other scholars. In contrast, Nicolaescu underlined that, beyond all doubt, Teodora was Pătrașcu's legal wife. Dan Pleșia also endorses the Radu—Pătrașcu—Michael genealogy. Moreover, he argues that another son of Prince Radu had heirs, which included Radu Florescu, who was at once Michael's 1293:. Other historians back this account: the insurgents had full control of Wallachia for two months, according to Irina F. Cîrstina, or one month, according to Matei Cazacu. It remains disputed whether it was Laiotă or Stroe who claimed the princely title, or whether the throne was left vacant. One version suggests that Stroe ruled over Oltenia as 1029:

rebel against "our master" Zápolya. As argued by scholar Nicolae Grigoraș, Paisie attempted to pass himself off as a supporter of the "Zápolyan party in Transylvania", while secretly harboring "anti-Turkish sentiments". The expeditionary corps, Grigoraș argues, was "auxiliary", less than what Wallachia could muster.

1285:, "the Outcast"). A former ally and cousin of Șerban, Stroe had exiled himself after the 1539 debacle. In early 1544, he returned to Wallachia at the helm of an anti-Ottoman army, alongside Laiotă Basarab. According to the 18th-century writer Constantin Filipescu, Târgoviște was taken, and Paisie had to escape into 1218:, was directly threatened by the Moldavian and Wallachian intrigues. During 1542, Martinuzzi sent envoys to Rareș, trying to persuade him from invading Transylvania. At the time, both Rareș and Paisie, discovering that the anti-Ottoman armies were not battle-ready, decided to postpone their planned expedition. 665:; it notes that an unnamed son of Radu, "persuaded that the regnant voivode was a wrongdoer, took monastic orders and changed his appearance." Feneșan and Bacqué-Grammont identify this text as a reference to Paisie/Petru. Various other authors who credit Paisie as a Basarab see him as an heir of the rival 1260:, effectively recognized Wallachia as part of the Hungarian Kingdom in its Habsburg version. As noted by Rezachevici, such efforts were largely perfunctory: "after 1542 it was no longer feasible to mount an effective anti-Ottoman alliance, as the king was incapable of acting against Suleiman". Historian 669:. They include historian Iorga, who accepts Paisie's claim to have been a natural son of Radu the Great. Popa-Gorjanu similarly concludes that "Petru of the Argeș was the son of Radu the Great, as attested in all writs and documents, and not the son of Stanciu, Olahus' uncle." By contrast, genealogist 1028:

that the "infidel Turk" needed to be defeated. In the same letter, written shortly before the Moldavian campaign, he proposed a union of Christians around "a single concept and a single faith". Overall, however, he attempted to obtain from the leaders of Hermannstadt a guarantee that they would not

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and dispatched to Giurgiu—possibly in order to concede more territory to the Ottoman Empire in that area, just south of Bucharest. The year also saw a new increase in Ottoman demands from Wallachia, with local shepherds being expected to contribute 100,000 sheep as tribute to Istanbul, in exchange

37: 830:, as their own candidate for the throne. According to Rezachevici, Mărăcine was the actual reigning Prince of Wallachia in February–April 1536, and had been recognized as such by the Porte. While she does not mention the usurper by name, Feneșan and Bacqué-Grammont argue that he was a favorite of 825:

This political line was soon changed by complex circumstances: the years 1536–1537 were anarchic. Having challenged his own retinue, Paisie faced boyar rebellions, which may have driven him out of Wallachia for much of that interval. The years also marked a split with the Craiovești, who put up a

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for his dethronement was dated February 22, 1545, precisely as Mircea was reentering Wallachia. According to Gheone, the most precise dating for his removal is "late February", which revises an earlier consensus, based on Mircea's first known writ, and which has "March 25" as the relevant date.

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of the throne. Historians are divided over which family led the uprising, with some proposing a Craiovești insurgency, and others pointing to Paisie's conflict with the Florescu family. Șerban was in any case aided by the Drăgoești boyars, Radu, Pârvu and Vlad, as well as by Giura, the former

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is traditionally depicted in Romanian historiography as Paisie's worst doing. However, according to Gheonea, it may have been inevitable, given "the balance of forces and the Ottoman interest in controlling the Danube". Another historian, Ștefan Andreescu, argues that Suleiman annexed Brăila

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that Suleiman was not in fact ready for a war. As noted by historian Marian Coman, Paisie's letters also suggest that he increasingly viewed Transylvania as separate within Isabella's realm, referring to its leader as the "Voivode from Transylvania" (воєвода ѡт Ардѣл), rather than the more

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passed through Wallachia on its way to punish Majláth, he send a word of warning to the burghers of Corona that they should prepare for a siege; Corona then relayed his warning to the Transylvanian court. As another sign of Ottoman submission, Paisie and Rareș staged their own invasion of

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After installment, Mircea offered rewards to Paisie's prominent rivals, the Drăgoești family. Staico Șintescu, who lost his high rank under the new regime, remained a prominent supporter of the deposed Prince, as did Radu Furcovici, who was driven into exile. In 1546, Mircea put to death

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Giura, in 1537. Historians note its frescoes as a main development on the path to a rural realism which became dominant after 1700. However, the work may be a retouching of earlier murals, from before Paisie's day. Its preserved layer is attributed to an Eratudi, possibly from

1797:("Paise the Outcast"), within an incorrect succession. In the 1850s, essayist Richard Kunisch recorded Paisie as reigning in 1536–1546, and hypothesized that he had died as a monk, after being deposed. The confusions also surfaced in later historiography. In 1895, philologist 1771:, this message, ending in "stop them yourselves if you can do so", summarized Paisie's "impotence in curbing the activity of south-Danubian commercial agents." There were also sustained Saxon attempts to spread the Reformation among Transylvanian and Wallachian Romanians. 932:

an annual donation "from my highness' own granary". He now focused some of his activity on competing with the boyars for possession of land, some of which he then distributed among his family and retinue. He owned 73 villages to his name, the largest single domain since

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sources circulated rumors that 15,000 Wallachian soldiers were standing by to assist Suleiman. In fact, Paisie was courting both sides, and preparing for either scenario. On January 7, 1543, he had signed a secret alliance treaty with Ferdinand. This document, in

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The next period restated Prince Radu's formal allegiance to the Ottomans, whose continued backing he needed; he "never rattled a sword against ." According to various records, he was still scheming against Suleiman at every opportunity: as early as July 1536,

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notes, is sufficiently accurate to help with reconstructing Cozia as it looked in the 1540s. Painted in large part by masters David and Radoslav, the infirmary is mentioned by historian Vasile Drăguț among the last Wallachian monuments attributable to high

818:, Paisie began his reign as a figurehead who "let the boyars do as they pleased". His early efforts were directed toward increasing his personal wealth: in October 1535, he bought back from the destitute boyar Bădică several villages peopled entirely by 1463:

This reconciliation was also signaled by other dynastic intermarriages, including that between Paisie's daughter Maria and Balea of Pietroșani. Other sources note that Paisie had a Muslim son, Mehmed, who pleaded with Suleiman to be granted an estate

1160: 1728:. Bibliologist Agnes Terezia Erich proposes that, by relocating Ljubavić's press to Târgoviște in 1544, Paisie inaugurated "artisan printing in Wallachia"; however, the enterprise itself was entirely private, the first non-public press in the 1434:

money and became wanted men. Barbu was ultimately delivered by the Ottomans to Bucharest, where he was executed in April 1548. By then, both the Paisie exiles and Wallachia had lost control of Prince Radu's Transylvanian estates, which became

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and was again heading into Hungary. According to Gheonea, it was for this service in Transylvania that he received ownership Vințu de Jos and Vurpăr. His contribution was also rewarded by the authorities of Corona, who presented him with 200

1092:. It was also a move "from the mountains to the open plains and from the north to the south, nearer the imperial frontier, where be more easily controlled." Already in 1536, Paisie is attested as having maintained his own house in Istanbul. 439:. His repression of the boyars sparked new rebellions, which created two other brief interregnums: in 1539, Șerban of Izvorani established himself as regent; for two months in early 1544, Stroe Florescu and Laiotă Basarab took the capital, 1095:

By late 1540, Paisie was intervening in the Hungarian civil war, as an emissary of the Sultan. In that context, he tried to dissuade Transylvanian nobles from supporting Stephen Majláth, who had rebelled, and from swearing loyalty to the

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Paisie then participated in diplomatic maneuvers which were meant to conceal Rareș's preparation for an anti-Ottoman strike. They played up the Ottomans' suspicion toward Eastern Hungary, which was ruled at the time by Zápolya's widow,

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The chronological fragmentation of Paisie's reign, and the multiple names and titles he used, resulted in confusion in some later annals and chronicles. A handwritten list from 1701 describes two separate Princes, as Hegumen Radu and

689:"Radu", underlining his supposed descent from Radu the Great. Historian Dan Pleșia also notes that "Petru was not a common name for Wallachian princes", and that "Radu" was a preferred new name for monarchs, down to the 17th-century 538:. Wallachia's elective custom had always allowed sons born outside wedlock to contest the throne, creating the background for massacres among pretenders; in the 1500s, this strife was doubled by civil wars between factions of the 1801:

argued that the name "Petru" referred to Petrașcu, and concluded that by 1544 Paisie had ceded his throne to his putative son. Gane also writes that the reason behind Paisie's ouster had to with his involvement in the death of

775:. As they admitted in a collective letter, the boyars felt remorse for not having asked Suleiman's approval before the election, but also explained that this would have been difficult at a time when the suzerain was leading a 1213:

and the Hungarian Habsburgs. Its leading component was to be Poland, assisted by Wallachia and Moldavia—the latter two, Gamrat claimed, would provide a combined army 40,000-strong. Isabella's policy of neutrality, crafted by

1583:, which the two built; in the frescoes, Paisie, identified as "Petru", is blessed by Jesus Christ, with angels crowning him and Marco together. He is pictured holding up a small replica of the monastery, which, scholar 4071: 4305:

Documente slavo-române cu privire la relațiile Țării Românești și Moldovei cu Ardealul în sec. XV și XVI. Privilegii comerciale, scrisori domnești și particulare din archivele Sibiului, Brașovului și Bistriței din

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As noted by art historian Liviu Marius Ilie, Paisie and Marco both tried to compensate for Ottoman subjugation by investing in their role at patrons of Orthodoxy. Ilie identifies this aspect in the infirmary of

1478:. Nicolaescu proposes that, in all, Paisie had three sons, Marco, Vlad and Pătrașcu, as well as two daughters, Maria and Cârstina. His nieces through the other Cârstina were Rada, married into the boyar clan of 889:. At the end of this punitive expedition, Mărăcine was chased out of the land. His later life gave rise to many legends. According to Rezachievici, the most plausible one is that he was quietly murdered in 646:'s three reigns in Wallachia, as an alleged conspirator against the throne. As historian Cornelia Popa-Gorjanu notes, this narrative would make Olahus and Paisie first cousins, and members of the Basarabs' 1899:. Ferdinand I's funeral in 1565 featured a banner of the arms of "Wallachia" with a lion—though, as noted by historian Géza Pállfy, these may more generally refer to Ferdinand's claim over all of Cumania. 758:. A dissenting opinion is provided by scholar Stoica Nicolaescu, who argues that Paisie's Ruxandra "must not be confused" with her predecessor, who had by then remarried a rival claimant, Laiotă Basarab. 1242:

During the first half of 1543, the Ottomans were confident that Paisie and Rareș would support their attempt to conquer all of Hungary and contain Ferdinand. In February, the Sultan himself informed the

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carries a carving mentioning "Petru Voivode" as the sponsor—which may mean either Paisie or Petru Rareș. In addition to sponsoring Meteora and Mount Athos, he contributed, from 1540, to the upkeep of

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partly supported this account and further claimed that Paisie was his own cousin. The descent is endorsed by some modern historians, whereas others suggest that Paisie was a regular member of the

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Coadă and his brother Radu, while forcing Coadă's children to take refuge in Transylvania. Metropolitan Anania also seems to have fled to Transylvania, alongside Paisie's putative mother-in-law,

814:(literally, "The Monk") is sometimes also applied to Radu Paisie. The new reign was "relatively long" by the period's standards, but "not a quiet one." As recorded by the musician and chronicler 1080:, Coadă may have played a "decisive role" in this affair, thanking the Ottomans for their support against Șerban's party. Paisie was one of the last Wallachian rulers to maintain a capital at 474:, eventually caused Suleiman to depose him. This was done with careful planning, leaving Paisie unable to react before Mircea was in full control of Wallachia. Paisie was eventually exiled to 1084:(creating it as a seat for Varlaam and his Wallachian Metropolis), though he also continued to reside in Bucharest. The slow transition signaled a shift in Ottoman priorities, from northern 937:'s (before 1418); 22 of these were bought from the boyars and at least 7 were inherited from Neagoe, while another 13 were confiscated from disobedient subjects. His sister received most of 1767:

from Wallachian territory, viewing them as commercial competitors. Paisie declined, writing that such a move would displease "our lord, the exalted emperor" Suleiman. As noted by historian

1044: 1864:. The emblem is featured, with a web of knotted lines, on Ljubavić's printed editions. The design was only standardized to match heraldic norms under Prince Pătrașcu, who was inspired by 1647:. Contributions from Paisie's era also include the Tismana doorway, carved in 1542. It is one of the rare examples in Wallachian medieval stone-carving, ultimately inspired by the art of 673:

credits Paisie as the son of Stanciul, and not as Radu's son. He further proposes that Paisie was more distantly related to the Drăculești, as a direct descendant from Vlad the Impaler.

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Lady Ruxandra's fate is generally unknown. A woman identified as Neagoe's daughter was still attested as living Wallachia—she was spared by the new regime, being recognized as owner of

1055:("evil treason"). This is believed to have happened at some point before June 1543, although other readings of the same sources suggest that he was still alive by then. The office of 838:. Popa-Gorjanu similarly argues that Paisie "was chased out with Turkish assistance". Both she and Rezachevici record the story in Olahus, according to which "another pretender" had 1600:. The murals show both Princes and Ruxandra alongside Cozia's administrator, Stroe, whose portrait evades the Byzantine canon and is regarded as one of the first realistic works in 1340:; the latter town had replaced Brăila as Wallachia's leading port. Nine of Paisie's writs and rulings have survived from the year 1544—including one from October 6, which assigned 1541:

in 1535, at a time when he was not on the throne. A nearby tomb belonging to the Piscans' matriarch Anisia has Vlaicu's name chiseled out, possibly signifying Paisie's attempt at

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proposes that Paisie's monastic career may have begun earlier. He notes that Paisie, who may be the same as the future Prince, was sent in 1522 on a church mission to the city of

1928: 1470:). This is possibly Marco or Vlad, after having accepted Islam. Yet another hypothesis is that Vlad survived in Wallachia to ca. 1560, when he was put to death by Mircea's son 2794: 842:

maimed, ordering the partial removal of his nose, before chasing him out of the country. According to Rezachevici, the mutilation may have been a "symbolic" cut on Paisie's

1555:, though a record from ca. 1620 suggests that the institution was in fact founded by "his parents". Mislea was a prime recipient of estates from Paisie, including areas of 308: 1531:

were the three lords of Piscani: the future dissident Vlaicu Piscan, alongside his brothers Mihail and Badea. All their contributions are rendered uncertain by a misdated

1856:, depicting a bird of solid color in various positions. During that interval in its history, the animal was consciously depicted as "hybrid", maintaining elements of the 1915: 1853: 1382:

Paisie was escorted into the Ottoman Empire, but allowed to keep some of his wealth. Confident that he could still regain the throne, he sent Suleiman a gift of 500,000

1024:; the exact circumstances for this territorial gift remain disputed. As early as 1538, Paisie also expressed some regret over such alliances, writing to the burghers of 650:

branch. Olahus' text is endorsed by the literary historian Corneliu Albu, who further suggests that Olahus and Paisie may have corresponded with each other in Romanian.

593:", from an obsolete measure of weight for fish. One more trusted account is that he was born into boyardom, and that, following his wife's death, he had taken orders at 761:

As noted by Iorga, Paisie's reign effectively united "in his person" the Drăculești and Dănești. Acting on his behalf, the Craiovești also sought confirmation from the

4128: 1807: 742:, claimed by Paisie as his deceased brother. As a woman of exceptional beauty, in 1525 she had sparked a war between her suitors, pitting Radu of Afumați against a 653:

Historian Constantin Rezachevici argues that Paisie and Olahus were not biological relatives: Paisie was indeed born to Stanciul's wife, but his natural father was

1397: 974: 1752: 815: 1876:. The latter work features two human figures, the Prince and his (first-born) son, in full regalia, on either side of a tree. It was introduced in this form by 4612: 685:

boyars and their allies staged Vlad Vintilă's assassination, then engineered Paisie's election to the throne. Upon his coronation on June 12, Paisie took the

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By June 1539, Paisie found himself at odds with Șerban of Izvorani. The latter may have obtained control of the country, describing himself as a regent, or

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Eventually, Paisie's adversaries faced Wallachia's army at a place called Fântâna Țiganului ("The Gypsy's Fountain"), identified as a mineral well outside

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Ludmila Zabolotnaia, "Instituția căsătoriei în epoca medievală: impedimente și interdicții. Explorări de antropologie istorică și studii comparative", in

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Little is known about Radu Paisie's origins and early life, although it is often assumed that he was baptized as "Petru" and had a strong connection with

4150: 1632: 514: 1677: 1527:. However, he proposes that the building was more likely finished in 1544, with murals done under Mircea the Shepherd, and redone even later; Gura's co- 1360:, according to whom Paisie was making it difficult for him to collect past dues from the Wallachian Church. Since this meant a reduction of the overall 1201:, was that "my master, along with his neighbor the Wallachian prince, would more readily side with Christendom than with the pagans". In January 1542, 3041: 2207:

Cîrstina, p. 117; Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, pp. 73–74; Gheonea, p. 50; Rezachevici (1998), pp. 53–54. See also Donat, p. 61; Filipescu, pp. 53–54

1806:, an Ottoman favorite, which had occurred in 1534. Another error, which was only debunked in 1941, described Paisie as fighting against the pretender 1456:, who styled himself "son of Radu Paisie". A period document suggests that Paisie had recognized his issue, personally granting Pătrașcu ownership of 1268:'s advocacy in favor of a league that would have involved Paisie and Rareș failed: "as is usually the case, reality did not meet one's expectations." 1261: 1332:

During this final part of his reign, Paisie traveled extensively: on November 7, 1543, he issued documents from two locations—Murcenii lui Puia near

657:, giving Paisie equal rights of succession. Scholars Cristina Feneșan and Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont record a letter of July 15, 1535, sent from the 806:

Aged about 40 at the time, Radu Paisie was the second former monk to obtain the Wallachian crown, preceded in this respect only by the 1480s Prince

4142: 4687: 4182: 1134:. Paisie and Rareș then captured Majláth, who was then either executed by Suleiman or allowed to live the remainder of his life as a prisoner in 489:, came to rule Wallachia in the 1550s, between two of Mircea's reigns. This lineage would make Radu Paisie the grandfather of two other Princes, 4105:

Spiridon Cristocea, Marius Păduraru, Ion Dumitrescu, "Cercetările arheologice din biserica Mănăstirii Valea, jud. Argeș (campania 2012)", in

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Feneșan and Bacqué-Grammont suggest that Paisie found sympathy at the Porte with the downfall of Vizier Ibrahim, who was finally replaced by

4250:, "Relațiile economice ale Țării Românești cu țările Peninsulei Balcanice din secolul al XIV-iea pînă la mijlocul secolului al XVI-lea", in 3247:

Margarita Kuyumdzhieva, "On the Interrelations between Wallachia and Bulgarians during the 17th Century: Benefactors and Beneficiaries", in

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Already in late 1541, Paisie was contemplating joining a Christian alliance against the Ottomans. This was acknowledged by Rareș's envoy to

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Cîrstina, pp. 117, 128; Rezachevici (1998), p. 58; Stoicescu, pp. 97–98. See also Donat, pp. 51, 61, 63–65, 69, 142, 146; Filipescu, p. 54

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Mariana Goina, "Literates in a Quasi-Oral Society. Moldavian and Wallachian Chancellery Scribes (Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries)", in

4385:"Petru Rareș între sultan și lumea creștină în 1541—1542, după noi izvoare polone — Solia 'hatmanului' Petru Vartic din 1542 — (I)", in 4429:

Octavian Tătar, "Ștefan Mailat. Opera de 'recuperare națională' a personajului ardelean de către vechea istoriografie românească", in

3439:, Vol. XII, Issue 1, March 1977, p. 18; Atanasia Văetiș, "Portretistica votivă a lui Neagoe Basarab", in Nicolae-Cristian Câdă (ed.), 1062:

These and other clashes overlapped with a "great famine", so severe that it reportedly pushed Wallachians to sell their children into

1235: 853:. As hypothesized by several authors, Paisie was able to reconquer Wallachia only with support from Zápolya and Stephen Majláth, the 3171:

Petronel Zahariuc, "Un grup de documente slavo-române din secolul al XVI-lea (1524—1549) privitoare la Istoria Țării Românești", in

419:, and possibly also maimed, by having his nose partly slashed, in early 1536. He returned to the country, possibly supported by the 4632: 1396:, where he spent the rest of his life, dying at an unknown date. Iorga argues that his burial place must be a parish church of the 577:. According to some reports, he was married to a Lady Stana. It is also known that he had a sister, Cârstina. A document issued by 534:

Radu Paisie's election to the throne was made possible by a collapse of public order and the fading out of the ruling dynasty, the

4017:

Géza Pállfy, "Magyar címerek, zászlók és felségjelvények a Habsburgok dinasztikus-hatalmi reprezentációjában a 16. században", in

4677: 1688:; introductory pages mentioning "Romanian Christians" (рꙋмѫни крєщини) and "the Romanian tongue" (лимба рꙋмѫнѣскѫ). Facsimile of 1051:, which he had confiscated from the rebel Barbu. Eventually, Paisie persuaded Suleiman to order Șerban captured and killed, for 4692: 3734:

Dimitrios Liakos, "Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Athonite Dedicatory Inscriptions in Historical and Archaeological Context", in

2516:

Olivia Senciuc-Borcea, "Dimensiunea cultural-religioasă a alimentației în Moldova și Țara Românească (secolele XVI–XVIII)", in

607:

Paisie. Church historian Ioan I. Rămureanu additionally notes that Petru was a monk at the same time as Varlaam, who served as

1972:

Slavonic transcriptions and transliterations as provided in Ionescu-Nișcov, pp. 153–154; Greek variant in Iorga (1923), p. 175

1810:, who was already dead in 1530. The erroneous dating of one document, since corrected, had also left some scholars, including 542:. These backed individual pretenders in exchange for domination of the country's affairs. The conflicts were tolerated by the 4657: 4627: 3885: 3448: 3236: 776: 411:

Paisie took the throne as a boyar favorite in the wake of Vlad Vintilă's assassination. Despite his immediate homage to the

4637: 3661: 1946: 1349:

for access to its markets. At the time, the Sultan still viewed Paisie as the Ottoman representative in his relations to

608: 405: 462:. Despite relying on Suleiman's support, Paisie also continued to entertain notions of emancipating Christendom and the 1592:, one with highlights of "great preciousness." The stonemasonry, credited to one "Master Maxim", has likely origins in 1097: 620: 467: 372:

almost continuously from June 1535 to February 1545. A man of uncertain origins, he depicted himself as an heir to the

4170:

Cristina Feneșan, Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont, "Notes et autres documents sur Aloisio Gritti et les pays roumains", in

1121:. The two Princes had a polite correspondence, with Rareș addressing his Wallachian counterpart as "great and honored 4622: 4235: 4136: 3260:

Mihai Maxim, "Les rélations des pays roumains avec l'archevéché d'Ohrid à la lumière de documents turcs inédits", in

1194: 1272: 1113:

were the bulk of the invading army, namely 12,000 soldiers—as compared to 6,000 provided by Paisie, and only 200 by

1013:

notes that the troops were merely "sent by Radu Paisie". As reported by Gemil, they followed Suleiman northwards to

4667: 4652: 4642: 3228: 1705: 1375:

Paisie entered history as "the first prince to be deposed and exiled at the sultan's pleasure." The corresponding

539: 397: 3809:

Steffen Schlandt, "Muzica de orgă din Brașov și Țara Bârsei din secolul al XIV-lea până în secolul al XX-lea", in

1653:. According to Iorga, Paisie emphasized his Basarab legitimacy by completing work on the monasteries of Argeș and 1341: 1210: 1167: 788: 497:. In cultural history, Paisie is remembered as the patron of Church Slavonic and one-time sponsor of the printer 601:, after an early attempt to seize the throne. Written tradition maintains that, while at Argeș, he was known as 4697: 4617: 1701: 1662: 1020:

In 1540, the Ottoman-friendly Zápolya granted his Wallachian neighbor ownership of two Transylvanian citadels,

415:, which exercised suzerain powers over Wallachia, some records suggest that he was chased out by the pretender 325: 2067:

Gane, p. 65; Gheonea, pp. 49–50; Iorga (1923), p. 175; Rezachevici (1998), p. 53. See also Iorga (1921), p. 10

4647: 4607: 3224: 2830:

Matei Cazacu, "Stratégies matrimoniales et politiques des Cantacuzène sous la Turcocratie (XVe–XVIe s.)", in

2283:

Gane, pp. 64–65; Gheonea, p. 50; Iorga (1921), pp. 9, 10, 39, 111; Rămureanu, pp. 756–757; Zabolotnaia, p. 13

1837: 1657:, where he "dreamed of being buried." This effort also left an imprint in Paisie's legacy abroad. A tower at 1063: 835: 4483: 3813:, Issue 2/2009, pp. 263–264; Maria Magdalena Székely, "Marii logofeți ai Moldovei lui Petru Rareș (II)", in 3221:

Nouveaux servages" et société en Europe (XIIIe–XXe siècle). Actes du colloque de Besançon (4–6 octobre 2007)

1147:

as a gift; this was ten times less than what they awarded Rareș, and five times less than Balı Bey's share.

977:, received a large portion of the Craiovești inheritance, presumably confiscated by Paisie from his rivals. 598: 385: 74: 4399:"Matiaș Corvin și înrudirile sale prin alianță cu neamul domnesc al lui Basarab I din Țara Românească", in 3859: 3109:

Cazacu (2013), pp. 21–22; Cîrstina, p. 118; Filipescu, pp. 54–55; Gheonea, pp. 50–51; Stoicescu, pp. 83, 94

1183: 989:. It remains disputed whether this refers to Paisie or to a rival pretender. The following year, Paisie's 594: 502: 4579: 4556: 4517: 4490: 4227: 4091:

Marian Coman, "A Game of Rhetoric. Transylvanian Regional Identities in Medieval Wallachian Sources", in

3826:

D. Giurescu, p. 197; R. Manolescu, "Aspecte din istoria negoțului bucureștean în secolul al XVI-lea", in

3215:

Oana Rizescu, "Servage et pénétration capitaliste dans les Pays roumains. De la domination ottomane à la

1772: 1681: 1427: 735: 365: 56: 3857:

Marius Mazilu, "Vechi anale privind istoria Țării Românești de la începutul secolului al XVIII-lea", in

1747:. One of these asks for a "well trained and learned scribe", presumably one who could read and write in 1130:

The campaign of Transylvania came to an end later in July, when the Ottoman vassals besieged Majláth at

630:

In various other records, Paisie is treated as a Basarab family member. An early account by the scholar

3877: 2498:

Donat, pp. 51, 62, 63–65, 69, 150, 172; Stoicescu, pp. 83, 89, 104. See also Cîrstina, pp. 117–118, 133

1685: 1523:) may have begun before he was enthroned, with the establishment of Gura (or Valea) Monastery, outside 1485:

If Pătrașcu's claim was truthful, Radu Paisie may have also been the posthumous grandfather of Princes

1002: 990: 985:

boasted having met the Prince of Wallachia in Istanbul, where they discussed freeing Wallachia and the

743: 716: 708: 704: 555: 4257:

Liviu Marius Ilie, "Legitimarea angelică a puterii politice în iconografia medievală răsăriteană", in

1001:. In August 1538, Paisie himself took charge of the 3,000-strong expeditionary corps that assisted an 1826:

precisely as revenge for Paisie's earlier involvement in anti-Ottoman intrigues. As noted in 1996 by

1619:. The church in that village is also a noted monument of medieval art, financed by the future rebel, 1248: 1110: 658: 420: 4084:

Irina F. Cîrstina, "Cercuri ale puterii in Țara Românească in sec. al XVI-lea: domni și boieri", in

4050:

V. Brătulescu, "Mănăstirea Valea din județul Muscel (o ctitorie necunoscută a lui Radu Paisie)", in

3747:

Elena Ene Drăghici-Vasilescu, "The Monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai and the Romanians", in

3184:

Simona Munteanu, "O așezare medievală urbană la vărsarea Ialomiței în Dunăre – Orașul de Floci", in

1814:, to propose that Paisie had actually reigned briefly in 1534, before Vlad Vintilă's assassination. 4702: 4682: 4453: 1560: 1368:, nominally Paisie's half-brother, who lived in Istanbul and periodically bribed the Grand Vizier, 1114: 865: 766: 666: 481:

His two attested sons, including his co-ruler Marco, were either slaughtered by Mircea's family or

432: 377: 265: 3057:

Sorin Bulboacă, "Prerogativele militare ale banilor de Lugoj-Caransebeș în secolele XVI–XVII", in

1616: 1271:

A retaliation from Isabella and Martinuzzi's Transylvanian territories, crucially assisted by the

831: 3751:, Vol. XLVII, Issues 1–4, January–December 2009, p. 77; Marinescu, pp. 227–228; Rămureanu, p. 755 3345:

Stoicescu, p. 45. See also Cîrstina, p. 119; Croitoru, p. 211; Donat, p. 68; Filipescu, pp. 60–61

1868:. The other heraldic device used in tandem on Paisie's seals was a variation of the theme called 1733: 1721: 1227: 854: 551: 518: 289: 1131: 973:. He donated these to his courtiers, Drăghici and Udriște. These and other loyalists, including 2786: 1821:

in the 19th century also rendered Paisie into an unpalatable historical figure. The cession of

1635:, and, Iorga notes, introduced there massive borrowings from the more architecturally advanced 1453: 747: 486: 248: 4264:

Traian Ionescu-Nișcov, "Două documente inedite din prima jumătate a secolului al XVI-lea", in

1176: 970: 918: 4112:

Gabriel Felician Croitoru, "Quelques aspects concernant la frontière entre la Valachie et la

1118: 934: 647: 338: 4208:, "Agresiunea otomano–tătaro–poloneză și căderea lui Petru Rareș", in Leon Șimanschi (ed.), 4141:

Vasile Drăguț, "Pictura veche românească (sec. XI—XVIII)", in Vasile Drăguț, Vasile Florea,

3300:

Filipescu, p. 60; Gane, pp. 65, 138; Gheonea, p. 51; Iorga (1921), p. 10; Nicolaescu, p. 307

1919: 1725: 1198: 869:

Toma of Pietroșani. Boyars on the loyalist side were led by Vlaicu Piscan, who took over as

611:

from at least 1536, and Anania, who succeeded Varlaam in 1544. Among the modern historians,

597:. Scholar Valentin Gheonea proposes that Petru was forced into monastic seclusion by Prince 498: 4348: 4343:, "Coup d'oeil sur l'histoire de la typographie dans les pays roumains au XVIe siècle", in 1892: 1818: 1740: 1717: 1636: 1206: 982: 3014:

Cîrstina, pp. 118, 133; Coman, p. 92; Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 75; Gheonea, p. 51

1779:'s print of 1544, but, Iorga writes, "had no impact either on that side or on this one." 1597: 1552: 885:

Staico Șintescu, as well as Radu Furcovici, who held various commissions and was Paisie's

638:, most likely the future Paisie, being born to a lesser Basarab, by the name of Stanciul ( 8: 4589: 4510: 4500: 4179:

Istoriile domnilor Țării-Românești cuprinzînd istoria munteană de la început până la 1688

2385:

Filipescu, p. 54; Nicolaescu, pp. 65, 83, 242, 246, 247, 266, 293–294, 356; Picot, p. 195

1658: 1408:, making him the first Wallachian or Moldavian Prince to have set foot in the peninsula. 1365: 1357: 827: 807: 755: 471: 416: 178: 103: 84: 1344:

and two families of Gypsy slaves to Stan Papa. Also that year, Coadă had been appointed

1138:. In August, Paisie had made his way back to Târgoviște. By April 1542, he had left for 559: 517:. Through such enterprises, he and Marco elevated themselves to the fictional status of 450:

Possibly as thanks for their military support, Paisie ceded to the Ottomans the port of

1729: 1709: 1252: 1244: 1223: 819: 2462:

Cîrstina, p. 128; Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 74; Rezachevici (1998), pp. 53, 55

1337: 1333: 1318: 1088:, with its Transylvanian commitments, to a new city closer to the Ottoman garrison at 739: 726:, a custom mostly associated with his presumed father. He then took as his new wife a 389: 4662: 4420: 4352: 4345:

Centenaire de l'École des langues orientales vivantes, 1795–1895. Recueil de mémoires

4331: 4327: 4309: 4231: 4213: 4186: 4154: 4132: 4075: 3881: 3665: 3444: 3232: 2805:; Panait I. Panait, "Bătălii pentru apărarea Bucureștilor în secolul al XVI-lea", in 2798: 2656: 2471:

Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 74; Popa-Gorjanu, p. 318; Rezachevici (1998), p. 53

2125: 1938: 1861: 1833: 1776: 1756: 1748: 1693: 1543: 1490: 1471: 1436: 1290: 1257: 1215: 850: 754:

supports the notion that, in marrying his former sister-in-law, Paisie had committed

654: 578: 494: 381: 276: 239: 2743:

Ioan M. Neda, "Miscellanea. Adăugiri la lista banilor și caimacamilor Craiovei", in

1611:

Various period sources indicate that the Prince redirected the wine tribute owed by

1076: 4408:

Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu, "Așezămîntul lui Radu Paisie pentru episcopia Buzăului", in

4247: 4098:

Gino Mario Crăciun, "O istorie mai puțin cunoscută a castelului Vințul de Jos", in

1836:(1948–1989). The review proposes that this is because Paisie failed to rise to the 1768: 1713: 962: 946: 929: 727: 643: 535: 373: 231: 4034: 1584: 1517:

Scholar V. Brătulescu writes that Paisie's contribution as a founder of churches (

1170:'s claim to Wallachia; carried by Boldizsár Balassa at Ferdinand's funeral in 1565 961:, which also went to the princely family. In 1538, Paisie himself confiscated the 4195: 4163:

Agnes Terezia Erich, "Dimitrie Liubavici and the Printing Art of Târgoviște", in

4059: 2245: 2227: 2121: 2113: 1888: 1865: 1832:, Paisie, unlike other Princes, never had a monograph published on him under the 1828: 1811: 1666: 1654: 1640: 1605: 1580: 1405: 1231: 1081: 670: 631: 510: 506: 440: 393: 215: 48: 4392:"Doi poeți, un personaj și adevărul. 'Banul Mărăcine' – un domn necunoscut", in 1880:

in the 1460s, and attested on at least two impressions of seals used by Paisie.

1700:

During his ten-year reign, Paisie revived Wallachian printing, which still used

1524: 1449: 1369: 1106: 1021: 783:

to Eastern Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. By November, Paisie had received his

662: 570: 459: 198: 4319: 4219: 2019:

Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, pp. 67, 75; Georgescu, pp. 50–51; Gheonea, p. 49

1852:

Radu Paisie was one of a succession of princes who consolidated the use of the

1840:

standards. Paisie's reign was nevertheless a subject matter for the 1976 novel

1764: 1739:

Under Paisie, Wallachia built bridges, political as well as cultural, with the

1564: 1556: 1475: 1350: 1310: 1286: 954: 762: 731: 543: 428: 412: 329: 4340: 2651:

Nicolae Grigoraș, "Precursor al lui Mihai Viteazul", in Leon Șimanschi (ed.),

1798: 1644: 1568: 1247:

that they should be prepared to assist Paisie as he returned with his army to

1006: 966: 914: 690: 4601: 4361:

Cornelia Popa-Gorjanu, "Despre originea lui Nicolaus Olahus (1493–1568)", in

4271: 3432: 2258: 1891:

a lion—the origin of this symbol may be with a misreading of a manuscript by

1877: 1873: 1803: 1589: 1265: 799: 751: 697:

notes that Paisie still referred to himself under his birth name in the 1538

612: 563: 4417:

Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII

682: 4205: 1884: 1857: 1601: 1486: 1393: 1202: 1101: 1010: 910: 843: 722:

Paisie's claim to legitimacy was also enhanced by his regular donations to

624: 490: 482: 475: 455: 219: 4424: 4313: 4079: 3669: 2129: 1017:, and contributed to the war effort which resulted in Rareș's submission. 4356: 4190: 3441:

Sfântul voievod Neagoe Basarab – ctitor de biserici și cultură românească

1593: 1389: 686: 4335: 4158: 2802: 707:

collection). Iorga further notes that the item uses Пєтрȣ, indicating a

4057:

Matei Cazacu, "Fata care s-a făcut băiat și a trăit o sută de ani", in

2791:

Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre

2240: 1404:. Other records suggest that his destination and resting place was the 1401: 694: 401: 211: 3362: 3360: 1759:. Other attempts at closer contacts failed. In the 1540s, the city of 1612: 1509: 1479: 1306: 1048: 958: 950: 942: 470:. Rumors of this policy shift, and the intrigues of another claimant, 444: 4547: 4531: 1034: 925: 886: 859: 369: 142: 118: 4296:

Adrian Marinescu, "Legături ale domnitorilor români cu Sinaiul", in

2969:

Rezachevici (1990), pp. 435–436. See also Rezachevici (1978), p. 245

1822: 1760: 1067: 1014: 616: 501:; as well as being the monarch who completed monastery complexes at 451: 36: 4318:

Corina Nicolescu, "Arta în Țara Romînească în secolele XV—XVI", in

3357: 2421:

Cîrstina, pp. 112, 125, 127, 128; Rezachevici (1998), pp. 53–55, 58

1649: 1457: 1321:, where the area once housing his manor was still known in 2012 as 1277: 1085: 905: 890: 574: 547: 466:

from Ottoman rule, and in 1543 even signed to an alliance with the

793: 3327:

Cîrstina, pp. 118, 119; Donat, pp. 69, 146, 148; Stoicescu, p. 98

1896: 1533: 1441: 1139: 1089: 986: 723: 699: 603: 586: 521:

protectors, contrasting their real-life subjugation to Suleiman.

463: 260: 1872:("new plantation") by historians and heraldists, beginning with 1755:

visited the Wallachian court and performed there his samples of

1384: 1117:; in July 1542, the latter two joined up with Rareș's armies in 771: 4281: 4240:

Valentin Gheonea, "Un domnitor controversat — Radu Paisie", in

3950:

Valentin Tașcu, "Arheologia spiritului sau proza istorică", in

2358:

Rezachevici (1990), p. 430. See also Rezachevici (1978), p. 246

1689: 1572: 1519: 1377: 1144: 1135: 1127:"—although, as noted by Nicolaescu, the title was meaningless. 1071: 1059:

went to a boyar Pravăț, who was serving as such in April 1543.

881: 875: 784: 780: 424: 43: 2768:

Cîrstina, pp. 117–118, 128–129, 133. See also Croitoru, p. 211

1105:

Transylvania in June 1541, peaking with a devastating raid on

458:, he was confirmed personal ownership of two inland citadels, 3223:, p. 312. Caen: Association d'Histoire des Sociétés Rurales, 3046:

Histoire de la Turquie: depuis les origines jusqu'à nos jours

1744: 1625: 1513:

Paisie in an 18th-century mural at his Gura (Valea) Monastery

1466: 1326: 1314: 1025: 938: 642:). The latter, Olahus reports, was decapitated during one of 4298:

Anuarul Facultății de Teologie Ortodoxă Patriarhul Justinian

4291:, Vol. IX, Issues 10–12, October–December 1923, pp. 173–177. 546:, which exercised suzerainty over Wallachia and neighboring 3874:

București și Stambul. Schițe din Ungaria, România și Turcia

1356:

In June 1544, Suleiman heard a complaint by Prochorus, the

1123: 3477:

Cîrstina, p. 120. See also Gane, p. 138; Nicolaescu, p. 65

1708:. This reflected his patronage of Serb craftsmen from the 1604:. The ensemble also features the only known local take on 1150: 4039: 2374:

Analele Asociației Profesionale a Geografilor din România

1789: 1639:: the brickwork of Tismana appears to have been based on 1596:, and may highlight Paisie's family connections with the 1074:, to the Ottoman Empire. Described in some records as an 423:, and staged a bloody repression. He then reaffirmed his 2372:

Mihaela Avram, "Hidronimia minoră a văii Argeșului", in

4412:, Vol. XXII, Issues 1–3, January–March 1936, pp. 18–23. 3972:

Erich, p. 363; Iorga (1921), p. 211; Picot, pp. 196–198

3264:, Vol. XIX, Issue 5, October–December 1981, pp. 654–663 3186:

Buletinul Muzeului Județean Teleorman. Seria Arheologie

2225:

Dan Pleșia, "Neagoe Voievod — un autentic Basarab", in

2216:

Gheonea, p. 50; Popa-Gorjanu, p. 318; Nicolaescu, p. 65

2185: 2183: 1672: 953:. Boyars earned Paisie's favors with land donations at 949:; Furcovici and his wife Caplea were similarly granted 730:. According to various readings, she was a daughter of 3963:

Cernovodeanu, pp. 44–45. See also Iorga (1921), p. 211

3435:, "Chipuri și înfăptuiri voievodale. Vladislav I", in 3087: 3085: 4054:, Vol. XXIV, Fasc. 67, January–March 1931, pp. 11–19. 3251:, Vol. LIV, Issues 1–4, January–December 2016, p. 151 2755: 2753: 4308:. Bucharest: Lito-Tipografia L. Motzătzeanu, 1905. 4043:] observațiuni în privința bolniței Coziei", in 2686:

Stoicescu, pp. 60, 95, 98. See also Donat, pp. 64–65

2642:

Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 74; Gheonea, p. 51

2180: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 1575:. Several were confiscated back by Mircea Ciobanul. 822:, which subsequently became his "princely Gypsies". 4368:Ioan I. Rămureanu, "Mitropoliții Ungrovlahiei", in 3118:Stoicescu, pp. 32, 90, 97, 104. See also Cristocea 3082: 2721: 2719: 2444:

Popa-Gorjanu, p. 318; Rezachevici (1998), pp. 53–54

1743:, including through his letters to the burghers of 1388:, and made various donations to the monasteries on 343: 4382:, pp. 229–263. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1978. 4125:Domeniul domnesc în Țara Românească (sec. XIV–XVI) 3443:, pp. 213–214. Bucharest: Cuvântul Vieții, 2012. 2750: 2593: 2591: 945:, purchased by Paisie from a Marga Craioveasca of 893:in 1565, being survived by his son, the pretender 581:implies that Paisie was a fishmonger, calling him 47:. David and Radoslav's fresco in the infirmary of 4093:Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Historica 3863:, Vol. LXI, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 219, 220, 223, 224 3778:Iorga (1921), p. 211. See also Erich, pp. 261–262 3122:, p. 23; Donat, pp. 56, 63, 66, 141, 146, 149–150 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2164: 1887:of the 1530s and later, Wallachia was mistakenly 4599: 4047:, Vol. XX, Fasc. 52, April–June 1927, pp. 49–53. 3336:Donat, pp. 69–70, 74, 164; Stoicescu, pp. 83, 89 2716: 2054: 2052: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1751:, and promises candidates a hefty pay. In 1539, 1392:. His efforts were curbed when he was exiled to 1230:and circulated rumors of a resumption of war in 1005:, which was designed to punish Moldavian Prince 3872:Richard Kunisch (contributor: Viorica Nișcov), 3401: 3399: 2861:Gheonea, p. 51; Rezachevici (1978), pp. 239–241 2265:, Vol. XXV, Issues 4–6, April–June 1939, p. 191 1937:seal, variant used by Paisie's alleged father, 1281:Stroe Florescu (known in historical records as 1066:. Moreover, they resulted in the annexation of 562:left both countries entirely controlled by the 2568: 1895:, or may originate with a tradition regarding 4613:Mutilated pretenders to the Wallachian throne 4378:"Politica externă", in Leon Șimanschi (ed.), 3954:, Vol. XXVIII, Issue 1, January 1977, pp. 2–3 3760:Erich, pp. 363–364; Iorga (1921), pp. 210–211 2049: 1975: 1775:was translated and circulated in Romanian in 1300: 1197:, Avram Banilovschi. His report, rendered by 4401:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări. Seria Istorie 4116:de Giurgiu pendant les siècles XVI–XIX", in 4107:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări. Seria Istorie 3396: 2118:Corespondență cu umaniști batavi și flamanzi 478:, where he spent the remainder of his life. 4419:. Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 1971. 4324:Scurtă istorie a artelor plastice în R.P.R. 485:at Suleiman's court. A possible third son, 4200:Trecute vieți de doamne și domnițe. Vol. I 4052:Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice 4045:Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice 2412:Cîrstina, pp. 112, 117–118; Gheonea, p. 50 2368: 2366: 2364: 2037:Gane, p. 138; Nicolaescu, pp. 65, 293, 307 2007:; Gheonea, pp. 49–50; Rezachevici (1998), 997:, Șerban of Izvorani, participated in the 35: 4389:, Vol. I, Issue 5, May 1990, pp. 427–455. 3048:, pp. 99–100. Paris: Éditions Payot, 1934 2668:Gheonea, p. 50. See also Donat, pp. 63–65 2520:, Vols. XXIV–XXVI, 2005–2007, pp. 178–179 2431: 2429: 2427: 2300: 2298: 2161:Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, pp. 71, 73 2148: 2146: 404:. He is known to have been a monk of the 2331:Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, pp. 73–74 1952:Paisie's other seal, depicting him alone 1676: 1508: 1275:, soon followed. It was prepared by the 904: 769:, to whom they sent a gift of 1 million 4287:"Începuturile episcopiei de Buzău", in 3736:Текстове. Надписи. Образи. Art Readings 2817: 2815: 2529:Donat, pp. 92–93, 95, 100, 110–111, 113 2361: 2028:Nicolaescu, p. 65; Popa-Gorjanu, p. 318 1400:. Gane also writes that Paisie died in 1151:Habsburg alliance and Stroe's rebellion 4688:Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary 4600: 4278:Istoria Romînilor în chipuri și icoane 4095:, Vol. 16, Issue II, 2012, pp. 87–104. 3070:Filipescu, p. 54. See also Gane, p. 65 2747:, Vols. XI–XII, 1941–1942, pp. 370–371 2424: 2295: 2143: 1209:to form an anti-Ottoman league around 900: 846:, "as done to many other pretenders." 3680:Drăguț, p. 75; Nicolescu, pp. 99, 107 3549:Brătulescu, pp. 11–14, 19; Cristocea 3522:Gane, pp. 138–140; Zabolotnaia, p. 20 3175:, Vol. XXII, Issues 5–6, 2011, p. 464 1547:. Filipescu mainly records Paisie as 1474:, possibly by request of his mother, 1239:traditional "Transylvanian Voivode". 1070:, a lucrative Wallachian port on the 924:Paisie had returned on the throne in 787:and confirmation as belonging to the 703:carrying his dedication (part of the 4165:Journal of Romanian Literary Studies 4072:Editura științifică și enciclopedică 4068:Știința și arta heraldică în România 3815:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie 3749:Revue Des Études Sud-est Européennes 3262:Revue des Études Sud-est Européennes 3249:Revue des Études Sud-est Européennes 3061:, Vol. VI, Issue 2, June 2010, p. 86 2812: 2435:Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 74 2340:Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 73 2322:Gheonea, p. 50. See also Ilie, p. 22 2292:Gane, pp. 61–64; Iorga (1921), p. 39 2152:Feneșan & Bacqué-Grammont, p. 71 2112:Corneliu Albu, "Cuvînt înainte", in 1673:Language, literature, historiography 1398:Byzantine Patriarchate of Alexandria 797:, was set at a yearly sum of 12,000 738:, having been previously married to 715:, whereas the rest of the text uses 454:. Instead, following his raids into 4431:Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis 4363:Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis 3941:Introductory note to Gheonea, p. 49 3662:National Museum of Romanian History 3291:Cîrstina, p. 118; Marinescu, p. 227 2243:, "Vechile legături cu Anglia", in 1205:wrote about efforts mounted by the 1009:for his insubordination. Historian 437:Suleiman's expeditions into Hungary 13: 4673:Christians from the Ottoman Empire 4440:, Vol. V, Issue 2, 2011, pp. 9–30. 3366:Cîrstina, p. 119; Stoicescu, p. 32 3282:Ilie, pp. 22–23; Nicolaescu, p. 77 1860:and some features which suggest a 1615:toward maintaining a monastery at 1504: 928:by July 17, 1536, when he granted 14: 4714: 4574:Stroe Florescu and Laiotă Basarab 4566:Stroe Florescu and Laiotă Basarab 4326:, Vol. 1, pp. 78–111. Bucharest: 2834:, Vols. XIX–XX, 1995–1996, p. 170 2704:Donat, p. 64; Sacerdoțeanu, p. 22 2349:Gheonea, p. 50; Nicolaescu, p. 64 969:, including perhaps the whole of 443:, but were defeated by Paisie at 170:Stroe Florescu and Laiotă Basarab 154:Stroe Florescu and Laiotă Basarab 4372:, Issues 7–10/1959, pp. 722–826. 4202:. Bucharest: Luceafărul S. A., . 4177:Constantin Căpitanul Filipescu, 4011: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3944: 3935: 3926: 3923:Cîrstina, p. 118; Gheonea, p. 50 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3866: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3830:, Vol. XII, Issue 5, 1959, p. 52 3820: 3803: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3754: 3741: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3658:Ansamblul urban medieval Pitești 3650: 3641: 3638:Drăguț, p. 76; Nicolescu, p. 107 3632: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3556: 3543: 3534: 3531:Nicolaescu, pp. 294–297, 300–301 3525: 3516: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3348: 3339: 3330: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3254: 3241: 3229:Presses Universitaires de Rennes 3209: 3200: 3191: 3178: 3165: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3073: 3064: 3051: 3035: 3026: 2897:Filipescu, p. 59; Gheonea, p. 51 2376:, Vol. VII, Issue 7, 2016, p. 58 1945: 1927: 1907: 1175: 1159: 676: 307: 4633:16th-century monarchs in Europe 4495:June 12, 1535 – February 1536? 4403:, Vol. XXVII, 2008, pp. 99–105. 4118:Studia et Documenta Turcologica 4088:, Vol. XXIX, 2007, pp. 110–133. 4021:, Vol. XLVII, 2005, pp. 249–250 3486:Nicolaescu, pp. 46, 65, 293–294 3017: 3008: 2999: 2990: 2981: 2972: 2963: 2960:Rezachevici (1978), pp. 251–252 2954: 2951:Rezachevici (1978), pp. 248–249 2945: 2936: 2933:Rezachevici (1978), pp. 241–242 2927: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2891: 2888:Rezachevici (1978), pp. 240–241 2882: 2873: 2870:Rezachevici (1978), pp. 239–240 2864: 2855: 2846: 2837: 2824: 2780: 2771: 2762: 2737: 2728: 2707: 2698: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2645: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2415: 2406: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2352: 2343: 2334: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2252: 2234: 2219: 2210: 2201: 2192: 2155: 2140:Rezachevici (2008), pp. 102–103 2134: 2106: 2097: 2094:Rezachevici (2008), pp. 101–102 2088: 2079: 2070: 2046:Donat, p. 62; Nicolaescu, p. 65 1501:, confidant, uncle and in-law. 1234:; in parallel, Paisie informed 999:Ottoman expedition into Hungary 983:Božidar Vuković "della Vecchia" 965:estates of an older pretender, 4678:Exiles from the Ottoman Empire 4300:, Vol. VII, 2007, pp. 223–244. 4172:Anatolia Moderna. Yeni Anadolu 2565:Donat, pp. 66–67, 162, 171–172 2103:Popa-Gorjanu, pp. 315–316, 318 2061: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2013: 1997: 1966: 1416: 1273:Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes 756:incest as defined in the Bible 66:June 12, 1535 – February 1536? 1: 4693:Romanian expatriates in Egypt 4438:Tyragetia. Istorie–Muzeologie 4254:, Vol. XI, 1965, pp. 168–201. 4174:, Vol. III, 1992, pp. 61–103. 4147:Pictura românească în imagini 4109:, Vol. XXIII, 2014, pp. 7–24. 4027: 3225:Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 3219:", in Nicolas Carrier (ed.), 2507:Rezachevici (1998), pp. 54–58 1631:Paisie was the re-builder of 364:(ca. 1500 – after 1545), was 4658:Romanian patrons of the arts 4628:16th-century Romanian people 4561:September 1539 – early 1544 4522:February 1536? – June 1539? 4433:, Vol. 7, 2015, pp. 331–355. 4365:, Vol. 6, 2014, pp. 315–326. 4268:, Vol. V, 1962, pp. 151–155. 4244:, September 1996, pp. 49–51. 4120:, Issue 1/2013, pp. 207–223. 4100:Revista Perspective Istorice 4063:, September 2013, pp. 19–22. 3059:Studii de Știință și Cultură 2879:Nicolaescu, pp. 160–161, 218 2809:, Vol. VI, 1982, pp. 149–151 2713:Donat, p. 63; Gheonea, p. 50 2313:Nicolaescu, pp. 293–294, 307 1567:, as well as, to the south, 1551:of Mislea Monastery, now in 1537:, which credits Paisie as a 1003:Ottoman invasion of Moldavia 524: 7: 4261:, Vol. 22, 2008, pp. 15–24. 4228:Ohio State University Press 3798:New Europe College Yearbook 3738:, Issue 1/2016, pp. 170–172 3197:Ionescu-Nișcov, pp. 153–155 3188:, Vol. 9, 2017, pp. 198–199 1704:rather than preserving the 1663:Saint Catherine's Monastery 1297:, while Laiotă was Prince. 1098:Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary 791:. His regular tribute, the 711:spelling of the vernacular 681:In June 1535, the powerful 468:Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary 344: 130:September 1539 – early 1544 10: 4719: 4484:Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina 4396:, October 1998, pp. 53–58. 4212:, pp. 151–160. Bucharest: 4167:, Nr. 5/2014, pp. 361–365. 4145:, Marin Mihalache (eds.), 3828:Studii. Revistă de Istorie 3149:Stoicescu, pp. 90, 94, 104 3032:Rezachevici (1978), p. 260 3005:Rezachevici (1978), p. 258 2987:Rezachevici (1978), p. 250 2978:Rezachevici (1990), p. 449 2942:Rezachevici (1990), p. 431 2915:Rezachevici (1978), p. 242 2906:Rezachevici (1978), p. 241 2832:Revue des Études Roumaines 2655:, pp. 107–108. Bucharest: 1628:, or to a master Dumitru. 1301:Final return and expulsion 1182:Paisie and his son Marco. 705:Victoria and Albert Museum 599:Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina 529: 406:Wallachian Orthodox Church 234:(m. ca. 1535; d. ca. 1572) 75:Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina 4586: 4577: 4571: 4563: 4554: 4540: 4524: 4515: 4507: 4497: 4488: 4480: 4475: 4447: 3848:Iorga (1921), pp. 145–146 3660:, pp. 35, 49. Bucharest: 3273:Iorga (1923), pp. 174–177 3131:Donat, pp. 65–66, 74, 114 2795:Editura pentru literatură 2606:Rezachevici (1998), p. 55 2453:Rezachevici (1998), p. 54 1842:Cînd au venit Neagoe Vodă 1834:Romanian communist regime 1606:The Incredulity of Thomas 1411: 1111:Moldavian military forces 1100:. Unable to act when the 941:village and the whole of 659:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 435:, and contributed to the 421:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 333: 303: 295: 285: 272: 259: 238: 225: 205: 188: 184: 174: 166: 158: 150: 134: 126: 110: 99: 95:February 1536?–June 1539? 91: 80: 70: 62: 55: 34: 21: 4638:People from Argeș County 4375:Constantin Rezachevici, 4370:Biserica Ortodoxă Romînă 4224:The Romanians. A History 4149:, pp. 7–104. Bucharest: 4102:, Nr. 6/2012, pp. 46–50. 3839:D. Giurescu, pp. 197–198 2793:, pp. 53–54. Bucharest: 1960: 1844:, by Emanoil Copăcianu. 1773:Luther's Small Catechism 1682:Luther's Small Catechism 767:Suleiman the Magnificent 433:Suleiman the Magnificent 4668:Romanian Orthodox monks 4653:Wallachian slave owners 4643:Romanian businesspeople 4252:Romano-Slavica. Istorie 4008:Cernovodeanu, pp. 78–79 3999:Cernovodeanu, pp. 53–54 3990:Cernovodeanu, pp. 52–54 3817:, Vol. XIV, 1996, p. 65 3787:Sacerdoțeanu, pp. 18–19 2745:Revista Istorică Română 2480:Donat, pp. 65, 142, 144 2249:, September 1982, p. 32 1847: 1228:Franco-Ottoman alliance 1022:Vințu de Jos and Vurpăr 855:Voivode of Transylvania 609:Wallachian Metropolitan 560:fall of Hungary in 1526 552:Danubian Principalities 460:Vințu de Jos and Vurpăr 408:before his coronation. 4347:, pp. 183–222. Paris: 3079:Cîrstina, pp. 118, 129 2787:Constantin C. Giurescu 2538:Donat, pp. 62, 66, 159 2076:Rămureanu, pp. 755–756 1763:asked Paisie to expel 1732:. As Iorga notes, his 1697: 1514: 1264:similarly writes that 1236:Joachim of Brandenburg 921: 810:. The latter's title, 777:war in the Middle East 4698:16th century in Egypt 4584:1544 – February 1545 4129:Editura enciclopedică 4037:, "Câte-va [ 3876:, p. 118. Bucharest: 3100:Cîrstina, pp. 128–129 2996:Coman, pp. 98–99, 102 2734:Nicolaescu, pp. 62–63 2120:, p. XVI. Bucharest: 1753:Hieronymus Ostermayer 1680: 1643:, as completed under 1512: 1186:fresco from the 1550s 908: 832:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 816:Hieronymus Ostermayer 4648:Fishmongers (people) 4608:Princes of Wallachia 4349:Imprimerie nationale 3716:Iorga (1921), p. 111 3593:Donat, pp. 62–63, 72 3540:Stoicescu, pp. 58–59 3504:Filipescu, pp. 81–82 3091:Cazacu (2013), p. 21 2556:Donat, pp. 48, 66–67 2231:, October 1971, p. 9 2189:Popa-Gorjanu, p. 318 2085:Iorga (1923), p. 175 1893:Ulrich of Richenthal 1819:Romanian nationalism 1741:Transylvanian Saxons 1637:churches of Moldavia 1207:Electorate of Saxony 836:Ottoman Grand Vizier 384:and half-brother of 380:: the son of Prince 162:1544 – February 1545 4623:House of Drăculești 4590:Mircea the Shepherd 4580:Prince of Wallachia 4557:Prince of Wallachia 4518:Prince of Wallachia 4491:Prince of Wallachia 4454:House of Drăculești 4303:Stoica Nicolaescu, 3981:Cernovodeanu, p. 45 3800:, 2010–2011, p. 160 3769:Erich, pp. 361, 364 3513:Iorga (1921), p. 41 2403:D. Giurescu, p. 188 2177:Iorga (1921), p. 10 1706:attested vernacular 1659:Dionysiou Monastery 1366:Mircea the Shepherd 1358:Archbishop of Ohrid 1115:Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey 975:Detco of Brâncoveni 919:Moldovița Monastery 901:1530s consolidation 472:Mircea the Shepherd 354:Radu vodă Călugărul 229:Stana (d. ca. 1535) 179:Mircea the Shepherd 57:Prince of Wallachia 16:Prince of Wallachia 4543:Șerban of Izvorani 4527:Șerban of Izvorani 4066:Dan Cernovodeanu, 3905:Donat, pp. 54, 157 3896:Picot, pp. 194–195 3656:Eugenia Greceanu, 3140:Gheonea, pp. 50–51 2843:Tătar, pp. 336–337 2759:Nicolaescu, p. 307 2633:Crăciun, pp. 46–47 2624:Gemil, pp. 156–160 2518:Cercetări Istorice 2304:Zabolotnaia, p. 13 1920:Dimitrije Ljubavić 1838:national-communist 1730:history of Romania 1726:Dimitrije Ljubavić 1722:Božidar Goraždanin 1710:Republic of Venice 1698: 1515: 1482:, and Anca-Badea. 1245:Transylvanian Diet 1224:Isabella Jagiellon 1199:Mikołaj Sieniawski 922: 895:Nicolaus Bassaraba 583:Radu vodă Măjescul 554:), throughout the 499:Dimitrije Ljubavić 350:Radu vodă Măjescul 138:Șerban of Izvorani 114:Șerban of Izvorani 4596: 4595: 4587:Succeeded by 4564:Succeeded by 4525:Succeeded by 4498:Succeeded by 4328:Editura Academiei 4259:Arhivele Olteniei 4214:Editura Academiei 4151:Editura Meridiane 4019:Történelmi Szemle 3886:978-973-50-4606-4 3620:Drăguț, pp. 75–76 3459:Gane, pp. 89, 138 3449:978-606-93171-5-0 3318:Marinescu, p. 227 3309:Gane, pp. 65, 138 3237:978-29-11369-09-4 2924:Nicolaescu, p. 75 2777:Rămureanu, p. 755 2657:Editura Academiei 2274:Nicolaescu, p. 65 1922:'s printing press 1918:, as designed by 1777:Filip Moldoveanul 1757:Renaissance music 1749:Renaissance Latin 1694:Filip Moldoveanul 1686:Romanian Cyrillic 1633:Tismana Monastery 1598:Branković dynasty 1544:damnatio memoriae 1491:Michael the Brave 1472:Peter the Younger 1454:Pătrașcu the Good 1437:George Martinuzzi 1258:Renaissance Latin 1249:besiege Esztergom 1216:George Martinuzzi 1166:Banner signaling 1090:Giurgiu (Yergöğü) 851:Ayas Mehmed Pasha 709:Romanian Cyrillic 579:Michael the Brave 495:Michael the Brave 487:Pătrașcu the Good 445:Fântâna Țiganului 362:Petru de la Argeș 348:), also known as 342: 328:: Радул воєвода; 315: 314: 249:Pătrașcu the Good 30: 4710: 4618:House of Dănești 4572:Preceded by 4541:Preceded by 4508:Preceded by 4481:Preceded by 4471: 4464: 4445: 4444: 4410:Revista Istorică 4387:Revista Istorică 4289:Revista Istorică 4248:Dinu C. Giurescu 4022: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3955: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3933: 3932:Cîrstina, p. 129 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3888: 3870: 3864: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3831: 3824: 3818: 3807: 3801: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3739: 3732: 3726: 3725:Nicolescu, p. 94 3723: 3717: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3699: 3698:Nicolescu, p. 77 3696: 3690: 3689:Nicolescu, p. 99 3687: 3681: 3678: 3672: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3612: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3576: 3575:Filipescu, p. 54 3573: 3567: 3560: 3554: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3495:Cîrstina, p. 120 3493: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3468:Stoicescu, p. 97 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3384:Stoicescu, p. 32 3382: 3376: 3375:Cîrstina, p. 119 3373: 3367: 3364: 3355: 3354:Răureanu, p. 757 3352: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3265: 3258: 3252: 3245: 3239: 3213: 3207: 3206:Croitoru, p. 210 3204: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3182: 3176: 3173:Revista Istorică 3169: 3163: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3123: 3116: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3080: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3055: 3049: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2835: 2828: 2822: 2821:Georgescu, p. 51 2819: 2810: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2748: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2725:Stoicescu, p. 95 2723: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2695:Stoicescu, p. 60 2693: 2687: 2684: 2678: 2677:Cîrstina, p. 128 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2566: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2422: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2394:Cîrstina, p. 117 2392: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2370: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2293: 2290: 2284: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2263:Revista Istorică 2261:, "Cronică", in 2256: 2250: 2238: 2232: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2178: 2175: 2162: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2110: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2011: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1973: 1970: 1949: 1931: 1911: 1808:Drăghici Gogoașă 1769:Dinu C. Giurescu 1714:Sanjak of Bosnia 1179: 1163: 1045:Bishops of Buzău 930:Snagov Monastery 840:Petrus ab Argyes 750:. Art historian 744:Moldavian Prince 644:Vlad the Impaler 636:Petrus ab Argyes 536:House of Basarab 519:Eastern Orthodox 374:House of Basarab 347: 337: 335: 322:Radul voievod(a) 311: 299:Fishmonger, monk 39: 27:Radul voievod(a) 26: 19: 18: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4703:Church of Sinai 4683:Romanian exiles 4598: 4597: 4592: 4583: 4575: 4567: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4536: 4528: 4521: 4513: 4503: 4494: 4486: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4450: 4443: 4394:Magazin Istoric 4242:Magazin Istoric 4196:Constantin Gane 4060:Magazin Istoric 4030: 4025: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3871: 3867: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3825: 3821: 3808: 3804: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3746: 3742: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3629:Balș, pp. 51–52 3628: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3611:Balș, pp. 49–50 3610: 3606: 3602:Ilie, pp. 22–23 3601: 3597: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3557: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3259: 3255: 3246: 3242: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3166: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3056: 3052: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2813: 2807:Muzeul Național 2785: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2257: 2253: 2246:Magazin Istoric 2239: 2235: 2228:Magazin Istoric 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2176: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2122:Editura Minerva 2114:Nicolaus Olahus 2111: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1916:Wallachian bird 1912: 1866:Renaissance art 1854:Wallachian arms 1850: 1829:Magazin Istoric 1812:Ioan C. Filitti 1718:Božidar Vuković 1702:Church Slavonic 1675: 1641:Khotyn Fortress 1581:Cozia Monastery 1507: 1505:Church-building 1428:Princess Milica 1419: 1414: 1338:Orașul de Floci 1334:Balta Ialomiței 1303: 1283:Stroe Pribeagul 1232:Ottoman Hungary 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1184:Argeș Monastery 1180: 1172: 1171: 1164: 1153: 1132:Făgăraș Citadel 1064:Ottoman slavery 1047:the village of 993:, led by a new 991:Wallachian army 903: 826:family member, 740:Radu of Afumați 736:Princess Milica 717:Church Slavonic 679: 671:Constantin Gane 632:Nicolaus Olahus 595:Argeș Monastery 532: 527: 394:Nicolaus Olahus 390:Radu of Afumați 326:Church Slavonic 318:Radu VII Paisie 280: 254: 252: 247: 245: 230: 210: 197: 195: 193: 139: 115: 51: 49:Cozia Monastery 41:Radu Paisie as 29:(Радул воєвода) 28: 25: 23: 22:Radu VII Paisie 17: 12: 11: 5: 4716: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4553: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4526: 4523: 4514: 4511:Barbu Mărăcine 4509: 4505: 4504: 4501:Barbu Mărăcine 4499: 4496: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4476:Regnal titles 4473: 4472: 4451: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4415:N. Stoicescu, 4413: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4397: 4390: 4383: 4373: 4366: 4359: 4338: 4320:George Oprescu 4316: 4301: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4285: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4245: 4238: 4220:Vlad Georgescu 4217: 4203: 4193: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4143:Dan Grigorescu 4139: 4121: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4064: 4055: 4048: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4010: 4001: 3992: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3943: 3934: 3925: 3916: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3865: 3850: 3841: 3832: 3819: 3802: 3789: 3780: 3771: 3762: 3753: 3740: 3727: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3649: 3640: 3631: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3555: 3542: 3533: 3524: 3515: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3395: 3393:Crăciun, p. 46 3386: 3377: 3368: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3320: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3284: 3275: 3266: 3253: 3240: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3177: 3164: 3151: 3142: 3133: 3124: 3111: 3102: 3093: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3050: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2989: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2854: 2845: 2836: 2823: 2811: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2749: 2736: 2727: 2715: 2706: 2697: 2688: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2597:Gheonea, p. 51 2567: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2522: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2333: 2324: 2315: 2306: 2294: 2285: 2276: 2267: 2251: 2233: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2191: 2179: 2163: 2154: 2142: 2133: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2058:Gheonea, p. 49 2048: 2039: 2030: 2021: 2012: 1996: 1994:Gheonea, p. 50 1974: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1944: 1942: 1939:Radu the Great 1935:Plantatio nova 1933: 1926: 1924: 1913: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1870:plantatio nova 1849: 1846: 1817:The advent of 1765:Ottoman Greeks 1734:Early Cyrillic 1674: 1671: 1506: 1503: 1476:Doamna Chiajna 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1353:, in Rumelia. 1351:Rila Monastery 1311:Poenari Castle 1302: 1299: 1287:Rumelia Eyalet 1181: 1174: 1173: 1165: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1077:éminence grise 902: 899: 828:Barbu Mărăcine 808:Vlad Călugărul 789:abode of peace 785:Ottoman banner 763:Ottoman Sultan 732:Neagoe Basarab 678: 675: 655:Radu the Great 544:Ottoman Empire 540:boyar nobility 531: 528: 526: 523: 429:Ottoman Sultan 417:Barbu Mărăcine 413:Ottoman Empire 392:. The scholar 382:Radu the Great 313: 312: 305: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 287: 283: 282: 277:Radu the Great 274: 270: 269: 263: 257: 256: 242: 236: 235: 227: 223: 222: 207: 203: 202: 190: 186: 185: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 112: 108: 107: 104:Barbu Mărăcine 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 85:Barbu Mărăcine 82: 78: 77: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 53: 52: 40: 32: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4715: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4591: 4582: 4581: 4570: 4559: 4558: 4550: 4549: 4539: 4534: 4533: 4520: 4519: 4512: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4446: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272:Nicolae Iorga 4270: 4267: 4266:Romanoslavica 4263: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4236:0-8142-0511-9 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4181:. Bucharest: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4138: 4137:973-454-170-6 4134: 4130: 4127:. Bucharest: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4070:. Bucharest: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4035:Gheorghe Balș 4033: 4032: 4020: 4014: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3953: 3947: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3902: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3862: 3861: 3854: 3845: 3836: 3829: 3823: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3799: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3766: 3757: 3750: 3744: 3737: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3707:Drăguț, p. 75 3704: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3647:Drăguț, p. 76 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3565: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3537: 3528: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3433:Pavel Chihaia 3429: 3420: 3414:Donat, p. 161 3411: 3402: 3400: 3390: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3263: 3257: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3121: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3088: 3086: 3076: 3067: 3060: 3054: 3047: 3043: 3042:Léon Lamouche 3038: 3029: 3020: 3011: 3002: 2993: 2984: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2921: 2912: 2903: 2894: 2885: 2876: 2867: 2858: 2852:Tătar, p. 338 2849: 2840: 2833: 2827: 2818: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2720: 2710: 2701: 2692: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2615:Gemil, p. 156 2612: 2603: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2562: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2519: 2513: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2468: 2459: 2450: 2441: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2391: 2382: 2375: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2355: 2346: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2301: 2299: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2264: 2260: 2259:Nicolae Iorga 2255: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2158: 2149: 2147: 2137: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2055: 2053: 2043: 2034: 2025: 2016: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1969: 1965: 1948: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1878:Radu the Fair 1875: 1874:V. A. Urechia 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804:Alvise Gritti 1800: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1692:'s copy from 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:Byzantine art 1586: 1585:Gheorghe Balș 1582: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1511: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1266:Pope Paul III 1263: 1262:Léon Lamouche 1259: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1185: 1178: 1169: 1162: 1148: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 978: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 927: 920: 916: 913:soldiers, at 912: 907: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 883: 878: 877: 872: 868: 867: 862: 861: 856: 852: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 801: 796: 795: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 773: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 752:Pavel Chihaia 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 728:Lady Ruxandra 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 701: 696: 692: 688: 684: 677:Rise to power 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613:Nicolae Iorga 610: 606: 605: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 567: 565: 564:Sublime Porte 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 522: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 346: 340: 331: 327: 323: 320:, officially 319: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 291: 288: 284: 278: 275: 271: 267: 264: 262: 258: 250: 243: 241: 237: 233: 228: 224: 221: 217: 213: 208: 204: 200: 191: 187: 183: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 144: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 120: 113: 109: 105: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 65: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 45: 38: 33: 20: 4578: 4555: 4546: 4530: 4516: 4489: 4467: 4460: 4452: 4449:Radu Paisie 4437: 4430: 4416: 4409: 4400: 4393: 4386: 4379: 4369: 4362: 4344: 4323: 4306:Transilvania 4304: 4297: 4288: 4277: 4265: 4258: 4251: 4241: 4226:. Columbus: 4223: 4209: 4206:Tahsin Gemil 4199: 4183:I. V. Socecu 4178: 4171: 4164: 4146: 4124: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4067: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4038: 4018: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3951: 3946: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3914:Donat, p. 61 3910: 3901: 3892: 3873: 3868: 3860:Limba Română 3858: 3853: 3844: 3835: 3827: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3797: 3792: 3783: 3774: 3765: 3756: 3748: 3743: 3735: 3730: 3721: 3712: 3703: 3694: 3685: 3676: 3657: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3589: 3584:Donat, p. 72 3580: 3571: 3566:, pp. 10, 23 3563: 3558: 3550: 3545: 3536: 3527: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3440: 3436: 3428: 3423:Donat, p. 62 3419: 3410: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3261: 3256: 3248: 3243: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3185: 3180: 3172: 3167: 3159: 3154: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3119: 3114: 3105: 3096: 3075: 3066: 3058: 3053: 3045: 3037: 3028: 3023:Coman, p. 92 3019: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2983: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2920: 2911: 2902: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2848: 2839: 2831: 2826: 2806: 2790: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2744: 2739: 2730: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2652: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2561: 2552: 2547:Donat, p. 63 2543: 2534: 2525: 2517: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2373: 2354: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2262: 2254: 2244: 2236: 2226: 2221: 2212: 2203: 2194: 2157: 2136: 2117: 2108: 2099: 2090: 2081: 2072: 2063: 2042: 2033: 2024: 2015: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1968: 1934: 1882: 1869: 1858:golden eagle 1851: 1841: 1827: 1816: 1794: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1745:Hermannstadt 1738: 1716:, including 1699: 1648: 1630: 1620: 1610: 1602:Romanian art 1577: 1548: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1528: 1518: 1516: 1498: 1487:Petru Cercel 1484: 1465: 1462: 1447: 1440: 1431: 1423: 1420: 1394:Egypt Eyalet 1383: 1376: 1374: 1370:Rüstem Pasha 1361: 1355: 1345: 1331: 1322: 1304: 1294: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1241: 1220: 1203:Piotr Gamrat 1192: 1129: 1122: 1107:Székely Land 1102:Ottoman Army 1094: 1075: 1061: 1056: 1053:rea hiclenie 1052: 1040: 1033: 1031: 1026:Hermannstadt 1019: 1011:Tahsin Gemil 994: 979: 923: 911:Ottoman Army 880: 874: 870: 864: 858: 848: 839: 824: 820:Gypsy slaves 811: 805: 798: 792: 770: 760: 721: 712: 698: 680: 663:John Zápolya 652: 639: 635: 634:describes a 629: 625:Transylvania 602: 590: 582: 571:Argeș County 568: 556:Medieval era 533: 491:Petru Cercel 480: 476:Egypt Eyalet 456:Transylvania 449: 410: 400:, or even a 386:Vlad Vintilă 361: 357: 353: 349: 321: 317: 316: 220:Egypt Eyalet 209:unknown date 199:Argeș County 141: 117: 42: 4380:Petru Rareș 4341:Émile Picot 4280:. Craiova: 4210:Petru Rareș 4123:Ion Donat, 3811:Țara Bârsei 3405:Gane, p. 65 2653:Petru Rareș 2198:Gane, p. 64 1883:In Western 1799:Émile Picot 1724:'s nephew, 1645:Petru Rareș 1594:Serbian art 1569:Căscioarele 1417:Descendants 1390:Mount Athos 1329:' Place"). 1323:Locul Iudei 1211:Ferdinand I 1168:Ferdinand I 1007:Petru Rareș 967:Radu Bădica 915:Petru Rareș 879:Coadă, and 691:Radu Șerban 687:regnal name 398:boyar class 334:Ῥαδουλ-Βοδα 167:Predecessor 135:Predecessor 100:Predecessor 71:Predecessor 4602:Categories 4028:References 3562:Cristocea 3217:neoiobagia 3158:Cristocea 2241:Marcu Beza 2003:Cîrstina, 1889:attributed 1787: [ 1561:Călugăreni 1402:Alexandria 1315:Căpățâneni 1082:Târgoviște 748:Stephen IV 695:Marcu Beza 693:. Scholar 683:Craiovești 667:Drăculești 441:Târgoviște 402:fishmonger 378:Drăculești 345:Radul-Voda 296:Occupation 266:Drăculești 212:Alexandria 4548:ispravnic 4532:ispravnic 4425:822954574 4351:, 1895. 4314:767577459 4230:, 1991. 4185:, 1902. 4153:, 1970. 4131:, 1996. 4080:469825245 4074:, 1977. 3880:, 2014. 3878:Humanitas 3670:604144102 3664:, 1982. 3231:, 2010. 2797:, 1966. 2130:434074699 2124:, 1974. 1914:"Hybrid" 1885:armorials 1650:khachkars 1621:Logothete 1119:Orbaiszék 1041:Logothete 1035:ispravnic 963:Teleorman 955:Sfințești 926:Bucharest 909:Mural of 871:Logothete 860:Logothete 812:Călugărul 525:Biography 483:Islamized 370:Wallachia 339:romanized 304:Signature 281:Stanciul? 175:Successor 151:Successor 143:ispravnic 119:ispravnic 111:Successor 81:Successor 24:(Petru I) 4663:Hegumens 4463:ca. 1500 4357:46184289 4330:, 1957. 4191:38610972 4086:Cumidava 1795:Pribagul 1712:and the 1696:'s print 1617:Stănești 1553:Scorțeni 1458:Segarcea 1278:Paharnic 1253:Venetian 1086:Muntenia 971:Viișoara 935:Mircea I 891:Istanbul 640:Stantzul 575:Muntenia 548:Moldavia 376:and the 290:Orthodox 286:Religion 255:Cârstina 232:Ruxandra 196:ca. 1500 4470: ? 4336:7162839 4322:(ed.), 4284:, 1921. 4216:, 1978. 4159:5717220 3162:, p. 23 2803:1279610 1897:Cumania 1720:and of 1665:in the 1613:Pitești 1534:pisanie 1529:ktitors 1525:Țițești 1495:Teodora 1480:Fălcoiu 1450:Găneasa 1442:demesne 1439:'s own 1385:akçeler 1342:Cunești 1319:Piscani 1307:Găiseni 1291:Nikopol 1145:florins 1140:Oltenia 1049:Pârscov 987:Balkans 959:Fetești 951:Bistreț 947:Caracal 943:Fălcoiu 772:akçeler 724:Meteora 700:orarion 648:Dănești 623:-ruled 621:Angevin 604:Hegumen 589:of the 587:Voivode 585:—"Radu 530:Origins 515:Tismana 464:Balkans 427:to the 358:Petru I 341:: 261:Dynasty 214:or the 194:(Пєтрȣ) 4466: 4423: 4355: 4334: 4312: 4282:Ramuri 4234: 4189: 4157: 4135: 4078: 3952:Steaua 3884: 3668: 3564:et al. 3553:, p. 8 3551:et al. 3447: 3235: 3227:& 3160:et al. 3120:et al. 2801: 2659:, 1978 2128: 2009:passim 2005:passim 1823:Brăila 1793:] 1761:Corona 1690:Coresi 1573:Greaca 1563:, and 1549:ktitor 1539:ktitor 1520:ktitor 1499:Clucer 1424:Clucer 1412:Legacy 1378:firman 1346:Vornic 1336:, and 1195:Poland 1136:Galata 1072:Danube 1068:Brăila 1015:Fălciu 887:godson 882:Vornic 876:Clucer 863:, and 844:septum 834:, the 781:fealty 617:Corona 558:. The 513:, and 452:Brăila 425:fealty 366:Prince 360:, and 273:Father 226:Spouse 44:ktitor 4468:Died: 4461:Born: 3437:Argeș 1961:Notes 1862:raven 1785:Paise 1667:Sinai 1655:Dealu 1626:Crete 1565:Cornu 1557:Brebu 1467:timar 1432:haraç 1406:Sinai 1362:haraç 1327:Judas 1289:, at 939:Islaz 800:scudi 794:haraç 713:Petru 619:, in 573:, in 550:(the 511:Dealu 507:Cozia 503:Argeș 330:Greek 253:Maria 244:Marco 240:Issue 216:Sinai 192:Petru 159:Reign 127:Reign 92:Reign 63:Reign 4545:(as 4529:(as 4421:OCLC 4353:OCLC 4332:OCLC 4310:OCLC 4232:ISBN 4187:OCLC 4155:OCLC 4133:ISBN 4114:kaza 4076:OCLC 3882:ISBN 3666:OCLC 3445:ISBN 3233:ISBN 2799:OCLC 2126:OCLC 1848:Arms 1571:and 1489:and 1313:and 1124:tsar 957:and 734:and 591:Maja 493:and 388:and 246:Vlad 206:Died 189:Born 140:(as 116:(as 4040:sic 1790:sic 1684:in 1295:Ban 1057:Ban 995:Ban 917:'s 866:Ban 661:by 368:of 4604:: 4274:, 4222:, 4198:, 3398:^ 3359:^ 3084:^ 3044:, 2814:^ 2789:, 2752:^ 2718:^ 2570:^ 2426:^ 2363:^ 2297:^ 2182:^ 2166:^ 2145:^ 2116:, 2051:^ 1977:^ 1669:. 1608:. 1559:, 1445:. 1325:(" 1251:; 1109:. 897:. 873:, 803:. 765:, 746:, 719:. 627:. 566:. 509:, 505:, 447:. 431:, 356:, 352:, 336:, 332:: 218:, 4551:) 4535:) 4456:? 1464:( 324:( 279:? 268:? 251:? 201:? 146:) 122:) 106:? 87:?

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