108:
181:
The early rule of the Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir was characterized by a sustained economic depression. Thousands of people are recorded as having emigrated from al-Yamamah to various provinces of the caliphate in order to escape the turmoil. Muhammad has been blamed for this period of hardship due to his
158:
Al-Yamamah at the time was nominally part of the
Abbasid Caliphate, but the central government had largely neglected the area for years due to its remoteness. With the exception of the occasional raid by government forces, the tribes there were largely self-governing. When Muhammad arrived in
204:
Isma'il was succeeded by his son al-Hasan, and at this point the amirate likely subordinate to the
Qarmatians. After the rule of al-Hasan's son Ahmad, the history of the Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir becomes obscure. When the traveler
418:
543:
201:. Relations between the two sides, however, subsequently soured, and in 928 Isma'il and several members of his family were killed in a battle with the Qarmatians.
174:
vary; one source states that it controlled only al-Khidhrimah and its outskirts, while another claims that it ruled over a territory that extended as far north as
536:
405:
Najd Before the Salafi Reform
Movement: Social, Political, and Religious Conditions During the Three Centuries Preceding the Rise of the Saudi State.
529:
185:
Muhammad was succeeded as amir by his son Yusuf, who was himself succeeded by his son Isma'il. Isma'il established an alliance with the powerful
88:
148:
170:
It is not known how much of al-Yamamah was ruled by
Muhammad and his descendants. Descriptions of the extent of the amirate by medieval
175:
512:
480:
182:
oppressive rule, although it has been noted that reports of mass emigration from al-Yamamah began years before his arrival.
552:
458:
247:
After Ahmad, the list of rulers becomes uncertain, but later amirs were descendants of his son Abu 'l-Muqallid Ja'far.
117:
Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir ibn
Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Djawn ibn Abd Allah al-Kāmil ibn Al-Hasan al-Mu'thannā bin Al-
502:
412:
398:
261:
825:
209:
arrived in al-Yamamah in 1051, the Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir were still ruling there, but at some point after this the
198:
155:. Fleeing from the government forces, he made his way in al-Yamamah and established himself there in 867.
847:
862:
449:
857:
867:
852:
33:
507:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
521:
228:
132:
8:
711:
152:
147:. After Isma'il's death the following year, Muhammad began stirring up trouble along the
453:
819:
777:
735:
645:
556:
508:
476:
472:
408:
394:
171:
140:
118:
765:
741:
729:
699:
693:
675:
615:
468:
441:
433:
429:
872:
789:
771:
663:
651:
621:
567:
497:
437:
24:
633:
585:
445:
122:
841:
723:
281:
206:
190:
76:
705:
573:
96:
627:
160:
80:
813:
801:
795:
783:
609:
591:
210:
186:
79:, and at least one contemporary traveler describes them as having been
807:
759:
753:
747:
717:
126:
56:
669:
639:
603:
425:
Ed. Ehsan
Yarshater. Columbia University. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
92:
68:
687:
681:
657:
597:
197:
in 925 and was given command of the town by the
Qarmatian leader
164:
136:
107:
493:
Trans. C. Barbier de
Meynard. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1873.
72:
60:
551:
256:
144:
84:
163:, the largest tribe in the area, and created an independent
194:
64:
52:
48:
63:) from 867 to at least the mid-eleventh century. An
38:
324:
For one such incident, see Tabari, v. 34: pp. 46-51
315:
Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792; Mas'udi, pp. 402-3
839:
159:al-Yamamah, he likely gained the support of the
143:government and temporarily occupied the city of
496:
537:
363:
361:
359:
357:
544:
530:
459:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
354:
222:Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir (from 866)
151:, but was defeated by the road's governor
297:Tabari, v. 35: pp. 108-9; Mas'udi, p. 395
91:, which lay near the present-day city of
428:
106:
149:road running between the Hejaz and Iraq
87:persuasion. Their capital was known as
840:
111:Al-Yamamah in the early Islamic period
525:
243:Descendants of Abu 'l-Muqallid Ja'far
467:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 792.
193:. He participated in the capture of
391:Al-Yamama in the Early Islamic Era.
28:
13:
67:dynasty, they were descendants of
14:
884:
491:Les Prairies D'Or, Tome Septieme.
407:Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 2002.
393:Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 2002.
473:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7693
135:had launched a rebellion in the
489:Al-Mas'udi, Ali ibn al-Husain.
370:
367:Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792
115:The founder of the dynasty was
345:
336:
327:
318:
309:
300:
291:
274:
262:List of Shi'a Muslim dynasties
1:
383:
7:
718:Al Qasimi of Ras Al Khaimah
250:
39:
10:
889:
102:
563:
216:
503:The History of al-Ṭabarī
267:
213:took over the country.
756:(18th century–present)
750:(18th century–present)
423:Encyclopaedia Iranica.
403:Al-Juhany, Uwaidah M.
240:Abu 'l-Muqallid Ja'far
112:
51:dynasty that ruled in
110:
71:through his daughter
754:Al Qasimi of Sharjah
389:Al-Askar, Abdullah.
306:Madelung, "Banu Saj"
804:(19th century–1967)
798:(19th century–1967)
774:(18th century–1967)
690:(15th–16th century)
500:, ed. (1985–2007).
139:in 865 against the
131:Muhammad's brother
848:866 establishments
237:Ahmad ibn al-Hasan
234:Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf
225:Yusuf ibn Muhammad
113:
863:Hasanid dynasties
835:
834:
820:Emirate of Beihan
557:Arabian Peninsula
514:978-0-7914-7249-1
482:978-90-04-11211-7
351:Askar, pp. 139-40
229:Isma'il ibn Yusuf
172:Muslim historians
153:Abu 'l-Saj Dewdad
119:Hassan al-mujtaba
75:and his grandson
43:), informally as
37:
21:Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir
880:
553:Muslim dynasties
546:
539:
532:
523:
522:
518:
498:Yarshater, Ehsan
486:
454:Heinrichs, W. P.
377:
374:
368:
365:
352:
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343:
342:Juhany, pp. 45-6
340:
334:
331:
325:
322:
316:
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307:
304:
298:
295:
289:
278:
42:
40:Banū ʾl-Ukhayḍir
32:
30:
888:
887:
883:
882:
881:
879:
878:
877:
858:History of Najd
838:
837:
836:
831:
772:Mahra Sultanate
559:
550:
515:
483:
446:Bosworth, C. E.
434:"al-Uk̲h̲ayḍir"
386:
381:
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375:
371:
366:
355:
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314:
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279:
275:
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253:
219:
207:Nasir-i Khusraw
189:of neighboring
105:
17:
12:
11:
5:
886:
876:
875:
870:
868:Shia dynasties
865:
860:
855:
853:Arab dynasties
850:
833:
832:
830:
829:
823:
817:
811:
810:(1876–present)
805:
799:
793:
787:
786:(1833–present)
781:
780:(1825–present)
775:
769:
768:(1783–present)
763:
762:(1775–present)
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751:
745:
744:(1761–present)
739:
738:(1752–present)
733:
732:(1744–present)
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726:(1744–present)
721:
720:(1727–present)
715:
709:
703:
697:
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661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
580:Banu Ukhaidhir
577:
571:
564:
561:
560:
549:
548:
541:
534:
526:
520:
519:
513:
494:
487:
481:
450:van Donzel, E.
438:Bearman, P. J.
426:
417:Madelung, W. "
415:
401:
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123:Ali al Murtaza
104:
101:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
885:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
843:
827:
826:Mutawakkilite
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
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650:
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632:
629:
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623:
620:
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614:
612:(967–present)
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451:
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442:Bianquis, Th.
439:
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420:
416:
414:
413:0-86372-401-9
410:
406:
402:
400:
399:0-86372-400-0
396:
392:
388:
387:
376:Askar, p. 140
373:
364:
362:
360:
358:
348:
339:
333:Askar, p. 139
330:
321:
312:
303:
294:
287:
283:
282:Nasir Khusraw
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89:al-Khidhrimah
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:Ukhaydhirites
41:
35:
26:
22:
579:
501:
490:
464:
457:
430:Madelung, W.
422:
404:
390:
372:
347:
338:
329:
320:
311:
302:
293:
285:
276:
246:
203:
184:
180:
169:
157:
116:
114:
97:Saudi Arabia
44:
20:
18:
16:Arab Dynasty
828:(1926–1970)
822:(1903–1967)
816:(1902–1967)
792:(1836–1921)
714:(1669–1796)
712:Bani Khalid
708:(1624–1742)
702:(1597–1872)
696:(1454–1526)
684:(1395–1967)
678:(1305–1487)
672:(1253–1320)
666:(1229–1454)
660:(1159–1174)
654:(1154–1624)
648:(1099–1174)
642:(1083–1174)
636:(1076–1240)
630:(1063–1174)
628:Sulaymanids
624:(1050–1158)
618:(1047–1138)
161:Banu Hanifa
29:بنو الأخيضر
842:Categories
784:Al Maktoum
766:Al Khalifa
610:Hashemites
600:(970–1171)
594:(900–1073)
592:Qarmatians
588:(893–1970)
582:(865–1066)
570:(819–1018)
384:References
286:Safarnameh
211:Banu Kilab
187:Qarmatians
808:Al Sharqi
760:Al Mualla
748:Al Nuaimi
742:Al Nahyan
676:Jarwanids
646:Hamdanids
616:Sulayhids
606:(926–965)
576:(847–997)
574:Yu'firids
505:(40 vols)
463:Volume X:
199:Abu Tahir
127:Abi Talib
59:(central
57:al-Yamama
47:, was an
34:romanized
802:Harharah
796:Al Afifi
790:Rashidis
778:Al Thani
736:Al Sabah
700:Qasimids
694:Tahirids
670:Usfurids
664:Rasulids
640:Zurayids
622:Najahids
604:Wajihids
598:Fatimids
568:Ziyadids
456:(eds.).
432:(2000).
419:Banu Saj
251:See also
231:(to 928)
93:Al-Kharj
81:Shi'ites
77:Al-Hasan
69:Muhammad
814:Qu'aiti
730:Al Said
724:Al Saud
688:Jabrids
682:Kathiri
658:Mahdids
652:Nabhani
634:Uyunids
586:Rassids
555:in the
191:Al-Hasa
165:amirate
141:Abbasid
137:Tihamah
133:Isma'il
103:History
83:of the
36::
873:Zaydis
706:Yaruba
511:
479:
452:&
411:
397:
217:Rulers
176:Qurran
73:Fatima
61:Arabia
25:Arabic
436:. In
268:Notes
257:Alids
145:Mecca
85:Zaydi
509:ISBN
477:ISBN
409:ISBN
395:ISBN
280:See
195:Kufa
125:bin
121:bin
65:Alid
55:and
53:Najd
49:Arab
19:The
469:doi
465:T–U
421:."
284:'s
95:in
844::
475:.
461:.
448:;
444:;
440:;
356:^
178:.
167:.
99:.
31:,
27::
545:e
538:t
531:v
517:.
485:.
471::
288:.
129:.
23:(
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