908:) and their nursery grounds (Northern Norway). Such wide triangular journeys are probably important because feeding herrings cannot distinguish their own offspring. They have excellent hearing, and a school can react very quickly to evade predators. Herring schools keep a certain distance from a moving scuba diver or a cruising predator like a killer whale, forming a vacuole which looks like a doughnut from a spotter plane. The phenomenon of schooling is far from understood, especially the implications on swimming and feeding-energetics. Many hypotheses have been put forward to explain the function of schooling, such as predator confusion, reduced risk of being found, better orientation, and
610:
Fertilization is external, as in most other fish: the female releases between 20,000 and 40,000 eggs and the males simultaneously release masses of milt so that they mix freely in the sea. Once fertilized the 1 to 1.4 mm diameter eggs sink to the sea bed where their sticky surface adheres to gravel or weed. They mature in 1–3 weeks; in 14–19 °C water it takes 6–8 days, in 7,5 °C it takes 17 days. They will only mature if the water temperature stays below 19 °C. The hatched larvae are 3 to 4 mm long and transparent except for the eyes which have some pigmentation.
988:
36:
944:
971:
2210:
1002:
148:
512:
424:
1720:
272:
123:
293:
1726:
863:
104:
609:
Herrings reach sexual maturity when they are 3 to 5 years old. The life expectancy once mature is 12 to 16 years. Atlantic herring may have different spawning components within a single stock which spawn during different seasons. They spawn in estuaries, coastal waters or in offshore banks.
912:
hunting. However, schooling has disadvantages such as: oxygen- and food-depletion and excretion buildup in the breathing media. The school-array probably gives advantages in energy saving although this is a highly controversial and much debated field.
895:
Herring are amongst the most spectacular schoolers ("obligate schoolers" under older terminology). They aggregate in groups that consist of thousands to hundreds of thousands or even millions of individuals. The schools traverse the open oceans.
899:
Schools have a very precise spatial arrangement that allows the school to maintain a relatively constant cruising speed. Schools from an individual stock generally travel in a triangular pattern between their spawning grounds, e.g. Southern
891:
in immense numbers. Radakov estimated herring schools in the North
Atlantic can occupy up to 4.8 cubic kilometres with fish densities between 0.5 and 1.0 fish/cubic metre, equivalent to several million fish in one school.
1592:
Clupeoid Fishes of the World (Suborder
Clupeoidei): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Herrings, Sardines, Pilchards, Sprats, Shads, Anchovies and Wolf-herrings: Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and
1560:(Report). Woods Hole, Massachusetts: Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-126, NOAA. Archived from
597:, led to a dramatic loss of productivity in the population of autumn-spawning herring that rendered it nearly extinct. Due to this, the autumn-spawning herring were largely replaced by a
957:
The
Atlantic herring fishery is managed by multiple organizations that work together on the rules and regulations applying to herring. As of 2010 the species was not threatened by
916:
Schools of herring can on calm days sometimes be detected at the surface from more than a mile away by the little waves they form, or from a few meters at night when they trigger
1224:
924:("firing"). All underwater recordings show herring constantly cruising reaching speeds up to 108 centimetres (43 in) per second, and much higher escape speeds.
1409:
Bigelow, H.B., M.G. Bradbury, J.R. Dymond, J.R. Greeley, S.F. Hildebrand, G.W. Mead, R.R. Miller, L.R. Rivas, W.L. Schroeder, R.D. Suttkus and V.D. Vladykov (1963)
1420:
Special
Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1–3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905.
659:
These four populations live outside of the spawn season interchangeably. In their spawn season, each population gathers together on their own spawn grounds.
2045:
374:. North Atlantic herring schools have been measured up to 4 cubic kilometres (0.96 cu mi) in size, containing an estimated four billion fish.
1487:
Fiskeriårbogens Forlag ved Iver C. Weilbach & Co A/S, Toldbodgade 35, Postbox 1560, DK-1253 København K, Denmark. p 333–338, 388, 389 (in Danish).
1440:
Further notes on the duration of life in animals. I. Fishes: as determined by otolith and scale-readings and direct observations on living individuals
1614:
2728:
2532:
366:
of Canada. This is because the fish congregate relatively near to the coast in massive schools, notably in the cold waters of the semi-enclosed
666:
herring, which spawned in the former
Zuiderzee. This population disappeared when the Zuiderzee was drained by the Dutch as part of the larger
2597:
1550:
678:
Herring-like fish are the most important fish group on the planet. They are also the most populous fish. They are the dominant converter of
2703:
1090:
2209:
601:-spawning population, which has since comprised most of the Baltic herring fisheries; this population is also at risk of overfishing.
1160:
1023:
worldwide despite their abundance in the ocean. Even the best facilities leave them slim and slow compared to healthy wild schools.
714:. The reasons for this success are still enigmatic; one speculation attributes their dominance to the huge, extremely fast cruising
2506:
1579:, Fifth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 20. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 183.
1492:
Systema
Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae secundum Classes, Ordinus, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentiis Synonymis, Locis
2545:
1348:
648:
The more south population will spawn later, from
November until January. These are the herrings from the Southern Bight of Downs.
1247:
987:
1595:
FAO Fisheries
Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 7, pt. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. x + 303.
2636:
2087:
1211:
1097:. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.
2550:
1344:
2743:
630:
people can distinguish four different main populations. The different herring families are spawning in different periods:
2713:
1287:
1652:
970:
331:. They can grow up to 45 centimetres (18 in) in length and weigh up to 1.1 kilograms (2.4 lb). They feed on
2723:
2610:
1619:
1600:
1584:
1521:
1506:
1425:
79:
57:
50:
2662:
1370:
1108:
2738:
2602:
262:
323:. It is one of the most abundant fish species in the world. Atlantic herrings can be found on both sides of the
17:
2680:
2584:
1178:
1019:
Because of their feeding habits, cruising desire, collective behavior and fragility they survive in very few
2441:
2035:
2446:
1478:
Composition of fish communities in a
European macrotidal salt marsh (the Mont Saint-Michel Bay, France)
2667:
2419:
2080:
1863:
821:
1549:
Reid RN, Cargnelli LM, Griesbach SJ, Packer DB, Johnson DL, Zetlin CA, Morse WW, Berrien PL (1999).
2733:
1191:
1063:
416:
although in some estuaries that have been cleaned up, herring have returned. The presence of their
147:
44:
2576:
1561:
1382:
574:) and is popularly and in cuisine considered distinct from herring. For example, the Swedish dish
2718:
1871:
1781:
1314:
2537:
2381:
2364:
1850:
1824:
1645:
888:
882:
715:
436:
371:
328:
61:
1001:
2654:
2005:
1572:
1085:
242:
2563:
2467:
2428:
2274:
2073:
1855:
1719:
2615:
1206:
Israel
Program for Scientific Translation, translated by Mill H. Halsted Press, New York.
8:
2025:
1760:
1433:
Sounds of Western North Atlantic fishes. A reference file of biological underwater sounds
496:
444:
112:
2433:
1109:"Climatic changes and overfishing depleted Baltic herring long before industrialisation"
2708:
1786:
1680:
1172:
943:
363:
142:
2649:
2454:
2175:
1902:
1707:
1638:
1596:
1580:
1517:
1502:
1421:
1207:
1040:
1725:
2020:
1959:
1811:
1791:
1239:
1058:
317:
2459:
655:
spawns every spring in the Baltic Sea, and travels via Skagerrak to the North Sea.
634:
The Buchan-Shetland-herrings spawns in August and September near the Scottish and
2623:
2344:
1954:
1917:
1912:
1796:
1697:
1624:
1374:
1094:
938:
917:
909:
667:
598:
480:
2589:
1979:
575:
2404:
2329:
2129:
1969:
1947:
1892:
1884:
1845:
1806:
1776:
1750:
1690:
1499:
Herrings: Family Clupeidae. Bigelow and Schroeder's Fishes of the Gulf of Maine
652:
619:
590:
464:
435:
Atlantic herring can be found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. They range,
324:
189:
1501:, Third Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. 111–160.
2697:
2558:
2354:
2349:
2334:
2282:
2243:
2040:
2030:
1964:
1897:
1801:
1745:
1702:
1271:
1049:
977:
862:
776:
711:
623:
511:
499:. Although Atlantic herring are found in the northern waters surrounding the
492:
468:
456:
440:
405:
surfaces, and contact with foreign matter can strip away their large scales.
395:
367:
258:
132:
127:
1497:
Munroe, Thomas, A. / Collette, Bruce B., and Grace Klein-MacPhee, eds. 2002
383:
2294:
2248:
2185:
2053:
2015:
1932:
1840:
1816:
1740:
1291:
703:
687:
460:
452:
448:
199:
542:. The Baltic herring has a specific name in many local languages (Swedish
423:
2571:
2519:
2413:
2359:
2324:
2233:
2096:
2010:
1755:
1531:
Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag A/S København, 464 p. (in Danish).
958:
870:
707:
679:
642:
594:
582:
581:
Fisheries for Baltic herring have been at unsustainable levels since the
391:
387:
359:
271:
2628:
2511:
1989:
1907:
1577:
Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada
1464:
Aquarium Kiel: Beschreibungen zur Biologie der ausgestellten Tierarten.
1363:
741:
691:
523:
484:
618:
Herrings are most seen in the North Atlantic Ocean, from the coast of
401:
Atlantic herring are in general fragile. They have large and delicate
2524:
2498:
2480:
2339:
2319:
2314:
2269:
2119:
2111:
1974:
842:
765:
663:
627:
589:-spawning population. Cooling in the mid-16th century related to the
585:. Around this time, the primary Baltic herring catch consisted of an
488:
476:
472:
413:
320:
209:
159:
2375:
1243:
2493:
2485:
2398:
2287:
2180:
2139:
2134:
1984:
1937:
1543:
Collins guide to the sea fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe
1020:
921:
834:
830:
796:
753:
749:
733:
635:
340:
179:
1225:"Herring schooling manoeuvres in response to killer whale attacks"
103:
2675:
2170:
2144:
2124:
1927:
1922:
1661:
1575:, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al. 1991
905:
838:
812:
787:
781:
772:
729:
683:
409:
355:
332:
313:
283:
2641:
1459:
Jonsson, G. (1992). Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, 568 pp.
1454:
Marine and freshwater fishes. Zoology of the Faroes LXII - LXIII
2472:
2225:
1942:
1675:
1288:"Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: Atlantic Herring"
901:
808:
761:
662:
In the past, there was another, fifth distinct population, the
586:
539:
516:
500:
219:
169:
2065:
1516:
Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. xi + 324.
1483:
Landbrugs -og Fiskeriministeriet. (1995). Fiskeriårbogen 1996
292:
2195:
2190:
2154:
1445:
Food and Agriculture Organization (1992). FAO yearbook 1990.
948:
Global capture of Atlantic herring in tonnes reported by the
826:
816:
804:
745:
737:
699:
695:
417:
344:
336:
1548:
1473:
Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. Helsinki. 357 p. (in Finnish).
964:
They are an important bait fish for recreational fishermen.
845:
by larvae below 45 millimetres (1.8 in), Haplosphaera,
811:
by larvae below 20 millimetres (0.79 in), peridinians,
2264:
2238:
2149:
1630:
1627:(Clupea harengus) pages on Gulf of Maine Research Institute
1512:
Murdy, Edward O., Ray S. Birdsong, and John A. Musick 1997
1466:
Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel. pag. var.
1133:
757:
721:
526:, which is also less fatty than the true Atlantic herring (
402:
280:
949:
725:
348:
1038:
1280:
1821:
1476:
Laffaille, P., E. Feunteun and J.C. Lefeuvre (2000)
420:
indicates cleaner and more–oxygenated waters.
390:
in their mouths filter incoming water, trapping any
1449:
FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p.
503:, they are not considered to be an Arctic species.
522:The small-sized herring in the inner parts of the
358:has long been an important part of the economy of
339:and small fish, while their natural predators are
2695:
1411:Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part three
1364:The ecoSCOPE and dynIMAGE: Microscale Tools for
1222:
622:until Greenland, and from the Baltic Sea until
1380:
1277:FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
1064:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155123A4717767.en
706:. Conversely, they are a central prey item or
645:spawns the herrings from August until October.
2081:
1646:
1413:New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ.
1167:. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017.
1527:Muus, B., F. Salomonsen and C. Vibe (1990)
927:
439:, across North Atlantic waters such as the
2088:
2074:
1653:
1639:
1555:, Life History and Habitat Characteristics
1161:"Really Striking Facts About Herring Fish"
270:
121:
102:
1452:Joensen, J.S. and Å. Vedel Tåning (1970)
1062:
768:are among the predators of these fishes.
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1536:Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book
1494:10th ed., Vol. 1. Holmiae Salvii. 824 p.
1480:Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 51(4):429-438.
1447:Fishery statistics. Catches and landings
1312:
942:
530:), is considered a distinct subspecies,
510:
291:
43:This article includes a list of general
2729:Fauna of the Northeastern United States
1529:Grønlands fauna (Fisk, Fugle, Pattedyr)
1349:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1313:Daniello, Capt. Vincent (13 May 2019).
14:
2696:
1223:Nøttestad, L.; Axelsen, B. E. (1999).
1106:
2380:
2379:
2069:
1634:
1383:"Species Directory: Atlantic Herring"
1368:Studies of Predator Prey Interactions
538:), despite the lack of a distinctive
2681:8DA375F2-7637-46E1-B9B0-9418A88F6D6D
1159:Bora, Chandramita (25 August 2016).
1158:
430:
29:
2704:IUCN Red List least concern species
1541:Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström (1974)
1534:Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen (1999)
1435:The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
1431:Fish, M.P. and W.H. Mowbray (1970)
1377:. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 36:83-96;1992
1336:
1050:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
1442:Proc. Zool. Soc. London 2:265-304.
1402:
1265:
1039:Herdson, D.; Priede, I.G. (2010).
422:
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2755:
1608:
1315:"A Guide to Saltwater Live Baits"
1204:Schooling in the ecology of fish.
506:
2208:
1724:
1718:
1485:Årbog for den danske fiskerflåde
1416:Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998
1000:
986:
969:
861:
771:Herring's pelagic–prey includes
146:
34:
2095:
1381:NOAA Fisheries (22 June 2023).
1306:
994:Harvesting with the purse seine
1216:
1196:
1185:
1152:
1126:
1100:
1078:
1032:
412:worldwide due to excess water
408:They have retreated from many
377:
13:
1:
1590:Whitehead, Peter J. P. 1985.
613:
604:
578:is made from Baltic herring.
1660:
1014:
932:
852:
7:
2744:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2036:Scottish east coast fishery
1545:Collins, London, UK. 244 p.
1538:Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p.
1232:Canadian Journal of Zoology
869:School of juvenile herring
10:
2760:
2714:Fish of the North Atlantic
936:
880:
673:
2388:
2307:
2257:
2224:
2217:
2206:
2163:
2110:
2103:
1998:
1883:
1833:
1769:
1733:
1716:
1668:
1177:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
904:, their feeding grounds (
822:Meganyctiphanes norvegica
562:, Russian салака, Polish
278:
269:
248:
241:
143:Scientific classification
141:
119:
110:
101:
96:
2724:Fauna of Atlantic Canada
1620:Information on clupea.de
1514:Fishes of Chesapeake Bay
1456:, 241 p. Reprinted from,
1373:21 February 2008 at the
1321:. Sport Fishing Magazine
1192:Guinness Book of Records
1084:C.Michael Hogan, (2011)
1026:
928:Relationship with humans
528:Clupea harengus harengus
382:Atlantic herring have a
327:, congregating in large
1782:Atlantic thread herring
1615:Information on Fishbase
536:Clupea harengus membras
351:and other larger fish.
64:more precise citations.
2739:Fish described in 1758
2365:Shoaling and schooling
1851:Drifter (fishing boat)
1825:Double-armored herring
954:
883:Shoaling and schooling
519:
437:shoaling and schooling
427:
300:
1057:: e.T155123A4717767.
946:
887:Atlantic herring can
682:into fish, consuming
593:, combined with this
514:
426:
354:The Atlantic herring
295:
1571:Robins, Richard C.,
1567:on 13 February 2017.
1490:Linnaeus, C. (1758)
1438:Flower, S.S. (1935)
980:for Atlantic herring
873:close to the surface
690:, pelagic amphipods
515:Baltic herring from
372:Gulf of St. Lawrence
1761:Dwarf round herring
1741:Freshwater herrings
1319:sportfishingmag.com
1253:on 17 December 2008
1093:24 May 2013 at the
1087:Sea of the Hebrides
815:larvae, fish eggs,
497:Sea of the Hebrides
445:Gulf of St Lawrence
113:Conservation status
1787:Australian herring
1681:Araucanian herring
1551:Atlantic Herring,
1462:Kinzer, J. (1983)
1202:Radakov DV (1973)
1107:University, Kiel.
955:
520:
428:
364:Atlantic provinces
301:
279:Distribution on a
2691:
2690:
2650:Open Tree of Life
2382:Taxon identifiers
2373:
2372:
2303:
2302:
2204:
2203:
2176:goldband fusilier
2063:
2062:
1708:White Sea herring
1418:Catalog of Fishes
1345:"Clupea harengus"
1275:(Linnaeus, 1758)
1238:(10): 1540–1546.
1212:978-0-7065-1351-6
431:Range and habitat
290:
289:
136:
97:Atlantic herring
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
2751:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2670:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2616:atlantic-herring
2606:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2590:NBNSYS0000174637
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2501:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2475:
2463:
2462:
2450:
2449:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2377:
2376:
2222:
2221:
2212:
2135:mackerel (small)
2108:
2107:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2021:The Herring Song
1960:Schmaltz herring
1875:(sailing vessel)
1823:
1812:Skipjack herring
1792:Blueback herring
1746:Longfin herrings
1728:
1722:
1686:Atlantic herring
1655:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1625:Atlantic herring
1593:Pristigasteridae
1568:
1566:
1559:
1469:Koli, L. (1990)
1397:
1395:
1393:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1337:Other references
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1294:on 27 April 2004
1290:. Archived from
1284:
1278:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1246:. Archived from
1229:
1220:
1214:
1200:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1168:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1036:
1004:
990:
973:
865:
829:, small fishes,
532:"Baltic herring"
304:Atlantic herring
274:
254:
234:C. harengus
151:
150:
130:
125:
124:
106:
94:
93:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2734:Commercial fish
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2624:Observation.org
2622:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2440:
2434:Clupea_harengus
2432:
2427:
2420:Clupea harengus
2418:
2417:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2390:Clupea harengus
2384:
2374:
2369:
2345:Ichthyoplankton
2299:
2253:
2213:
2200:
2159:
2099:
2094:
2064:
2059:
1994:
1955:Pickled herring
1918:Dressed herring
1879:
1867:(steam drifter)
1829:
1797:Deepsea herring
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441:Gulf of Maine
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128:Least Concern
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32:
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19:
2389:
2275:mosquitofish
2265:Carp (small)
2249:Common roach
2054:Herring Hunt
2052:
2046:
2016:Herring fair
2006:Herring gull
1980:Surströmming
1933:Herring soup
1872:
1864:
1856:
1841:Herring buss
1817:Wolf herring
1685:
1591:
1576:
1562:the original
1552:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1513:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1417:
1410:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:
1365:
1352:. Retrieved
1323:. Retrieved
1318:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1282:
1272:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1248:the original
1235:
1231:
1218:
1203:
1198:
1187:
1164:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1140:(in Swedish)
1137:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1112:
1102:
1086:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1054:
1048:
1042:
1034:
1018:
963:
956:
915:
910:synchronized
898:
894:
886:
846:
820:
800:
792:
786:
780:
770:
744:, seabirds,
720:
704:pelagic zone
688:chaetognatha
677:
661:
658:
617:
608:
580:
576:surströmming
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
535:
531:
527:
521:
461:Beaufort Sea
453:Labrador Sea
449:Bay of Fundy
434:
407:
400:
381:
353:
308:
307:
303:
302:
296:
251:
249:
233:
232:
220:
200:Clupeiformes
91:
76:
67:
48:
2572:NatureServe
2520:iNaturalist
2414:Wikispecies
2360:Sardine run
2325:Feeder fish
2234:Leuciscidae
2097:Forage fish
2026:Herringbone
2011:Red herring
959:overfishing
952:, 1950–2010
871:ram feeding
710:for higher
708:forage fish
680:zooplankton
643:Dogger Bank
595:overfishing
583:Middle Ages
558:, Livonian
550:, Estonian
392:zooplankton
388:Gill rakers
378:Description
360:New England
299:in a barrel
62:introducing
2698:Categories
2218:Freshwater
1990:Vorschmack
1908:Brathering
1859:(schooner)
1362:Kils, U.,
1118:3 December
937:See also:
881:See also:
843:tintinnids
692:hyperiidae
614:Population
605:Life cycle
566:, Latvian
546:, Finnish
524:Baltic Sea
485:Celtic Sea
70:April 2009
45:references
2709:Clupeidae
2340:Food fish
2320:Bait fish
2315:Bait ball
2279:herrings
2270:killifish
2120:Anchovies
2112:Clupeidae
1975:Spekesild
1865:Lydia Eva
1857:Tradewind
1173:cite news
1138:Fiskbasen
1015:Aquariums
1008:The catch
933:Fisheries
853:Schooling
835:pteropods
813:molluscan
797:amphipods
766:fishermen
750:sea lions
748:, squid,
734:porpoises
664:Zuiderzee
628:North Sea
626:. In the
544:strömming
489:Irish Sea
477:Skagerrak
473:North Sea
414:pollution
410:estuaries
321:Clupeidae
228:Species:
210:Clupeidae
166:Kingdom:
160:Eukaryota
2577:2.102658
2538:10579632
2494:FishBase
2405:Q2396858
2399:Wikidata
2288:alewives
2181:halfbeak
2140:menhaden
1985:Rollmops
1938:Kibinago
1913:Buckling
1662:Herrings
1371:Archived
1354:11 March
1113:phys.org
1091:Archived
922:plankton
839:annelids
833:larvae,
831:menhaden
773:copepods
742:rockfish
730:dolphins
684:copepods
636:Shetland
384:fusiform
362:and the
333:copepods
259:Linnaeus
206:Family:
180:Chordata
176:Phylum:
170:Animalia
156:Domain:
133:IUCN 3.1
2676:ZooBank
2655:1005932
2512:8351946
2171:Capelin
2145:sardine
2125:herring
1928:Gwamegi
1923:Gibbing
1903:Bloater
1885:As food
1777:Alewife
1392:29 June
1366:in situ
1325:21 June
1257:30 July
1144:19 July
1021:aquaria
906:Iceland
809:diatoms
801:Hyperia
795:spp.),
788:Acartia
782:Calanus
716:schools
702:in the
674:Ecology
641:On the
638:coasts.
572:trimelė
548:silakka
356:fishery
329:schools
316:in the
314:herring
312:) is a
284:SeaWIFS
216:Genus:
196:Order:
186:Class:
131: (
58:improve
2668:126417
2642:126417
2564:155123
2551:161722
2486:CLUPHA
2473:847095
2295:sucker
2244:shiner
2226:Minnow
2155:sprats
2130:Ilisha
2104:Marine
1943:Kipper
1873:Reaper
1676:Clupea
1599:
1583:
1520:
1505:
1424:
1298:2 July
1210:
1165:Buzzle
1134:"Sill"
1070:2 July
902:Norway
889:school
827:mysids
805:snails
793:Temora
791:spp.,
785:spp.,
775:(e.g.
764:, and
762:salmon
746:whales
738:sharks
696:mysids
599:spring
587:autumn
568:reņģes
540:genome
517:Poland
501:Arctic
491:, the
487:, the
483:, the
479:, the
475:, the
471:, the
467:, the
463:, the
459:, the
455:, the
451:, the
447:, the
443:, the
418:larvae
386:body.
345:whales
318:family
286:image
221:Clupea
47:, but
2663:WoRMS
2533:IRMNG
2525:97990
2447:47302
2258:Other
2191:krill
2186:smelt
2164:Other
1565:(PDF)
1558:(PDF)
1251:(PDF)
1228:(PDF)
1027:Notes
819:like
817:krill
799:like
754:seals
700:krill
341:seals
337:krill
2637:OBIS
2629:2108
2611:NOAA
2603:7950
2598:NCBI
2559:IUCN
2546:ITIS
2507:GBIF
2481:EPPO
2460:WCQZ
2442:BOLD
2239:dace
2150:shad
1597:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1394:2023
1356:2006
1327:2019
1300:2009
1259:2012
1208:ISBN
1179:link
1146:2018
1120:2021
1072:2023
1055:2010
758:tuna
722:Orca
698:and
651:The
560:siļk
556:silk
552:räim
495:and
403:gill
394:and
370:and
281:NASA
263:1758
2585:NBN
2468:EoL
2455:CoL
2429:ADW
1240:doi
1059:doi
950:FAO
726:cod
349:cod
2700::
2678::
2665::
2652::
2639::
2626::
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2600::
2587::
2574::
2561::
2548::
2535::
2522::
2509::
2499:24
2496::
2483::
2470::
2457::
2444::
2431::
2416::
2401::
1385:.
1347:.
1317:.
1236:77
1234:.
1230:.
1175:}}
1171:{{
1163:.
1136:.
1111:.
1053:.
1047:.
961:.
849:.
841:,
837:,
825:,
807:,
779:,
760:,
756:,
752:,
740:,
736:,
732:,
728:,
724:,
694:,
670:.
554:,
398:.
347:,
343:,
335:,
261:,
2089:e
2082:t
2075:v
1822:†
1654:e
1647:t
1640:v
1603:.
1587:.
1524:.
1509:.
1428:.
1396:.
1358:.
1329:.
1302:.
1261:.
1242::
1181:)
1148:.
1122:.
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1061::
1045:"
1041:"
534:(
306:(
135:)
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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