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more money than they had originally cost, usually to foreign buyers. Also the number of passengers grew twofold during the 1980s, up to over 11 million passengers in 1990. The selection of services also grew, and the ferries became popular entertainment centres, competing more with spa hotels than with other ways of travel across the sea, with swimming pool departments and visit by top artists. In 1987 40 percent of Silja Line's revenue came from travel tickets, another 40 percent from restaurant and tax free sales and the remaining 20 percent from cargo traffic. The respective figures for Viking Line were about a third each. In contrast, one half of the revenue of
292:
272:
93:
284:
20:
864:
749:
1158:
1075:
taxation, allowing for tax-free sales of products in transport between Åland and other EU member states. In practice, this meant that all cruiseferries between
Finland and Sweden have since made a quick stop at Åland to fulfil the condition of the edict. For ferries on northern routes this was not possible, so tax-free sales on the northern ferries ended completely in 1999. Silja Line soon ceased all activities of
1059:
491:
arrived in Sweden significantly earlier than in
Finland, Stockholm showed people what Finland would look like after a couple of years. Later, travelling by cruiseferry has become a more mundane, family-friendly way of travel, where people can enjoy being together and sit at a ready-made table but still not always choose the cheapest alternative.
1040:
at a time when both Viking Line and Silja Line had new ships in construction at the shipyard. Getting the bankruptcy clear took 24 years and produced a line of documents 50 metres long. The early 1990s depression hit the business after the bankruptcy of Wärtsilä Marine, and the ferries to Sweden had
1045:
which had become free after the country had regained independence. One of the companies within the Viking group, Rederi Ab Sally, had gone under Silja Line's ownership because of financial difficulties in 1987. In 1993 Rederi Ab Slite in the Viking group went bankrupt, and the sole company left was
876:
last at least 24 hours before the passengers had the right to bring tax-free alcohol and tobacco bought on board to
Finland. So the ferries started trafficking from Helsinki to Stockholm in 1972 to lengthen a two-way trip to over 24 hours. The first ferries to depart from Helsinki were Silja Line's
1109:
At the turn of the millennium, the cruiseferry companies underwent difficulties also for other reasons than new regulations on tax-free sales. Sales profits started to diminish when
Estonia joined the EU in 2004 and Finland had to lower the taxation of alcoholic beverages to avoid excessive "booze
971:
of the
Finnish cruiseferries was over 84 percent larger than in 1980, even though the number of the ferries had diminished by 28 percent from 43 to 31. The shipping companies renovated their ships at a fast pace as it was economically feasible: after a few years of use, the ships could be sold for
769:
had been paid in full. Since the national holiday law 1960, the amount of free time the Finns had had increased to 18 to 24 days per year. Also the frequent immigration to Sweden in the 1960s increased need and demand for cruiseferry travel. On national holidays and in summertime the cruiseferries
875:
When the main selling point of the cruiseferries in the 1960s was fast and cheap passage over the sea, this was overshadowed by relaxed entertainment on board in the 1970s. This was influenced by the 24-hour rule which had come into force in
Finland at the turn of the decade: a trip abroad had to
1266:
and other coastal cities on the Baltic Sea. After
Estonia, Sweden and Finland had joined the European Union the Baltic Sea cruiseferry traffic became an important factor among free travel of tourists, goods and workforce between Finland, Sweden and Estonia. This created a need for other kinds of
1074:
the countries had to fit in with the prohibition of tax-free sales of alcohol and tobacco products in intra-EU transport in early July 1999. The solution was found in Åland's position in travel between
Finland and Sweden: the area of the autonomous region is considered a "third area" in indirect
780:
described the elbow tactics of deck passengers on fully-booked night trips on cruiseferries. According to the writer, politeness on a ferry was a crime, because if you were polite you were left without a seat, much less a cabin: "If you even after this acted politely, you were left without food,
244:
strait outside
Helsinki, although ships making port at the city's west harbour do not have to pass through the strait. Viking and Silja Line have wished to keep their terminals in the South Harbour, however, as it is located right next to the city center. The longest ships to maintain scheduled
490:
Travelling by cruiseferry has been a significant experience for many middle-aged Finns from their childhood and youth, exciting and a little bit sinful. Tens of thousands of Finns along the decades have made their first trip abroad on a cruiseferry. In the first decades, when fashion phenomena
326:
The ferries have been criticized because of the low prices of alcoholic beverages which encourage passengers to become drunk and act irresponsibly. Due to the relatively cheap price of the cruises and availability of duty-free alcohol (which makes it considerably cheaper than on "land" as both
1267:
ships than cruiseferries along the different-length routes on the Baltic Sea, especially after tax-free sales had ended at the turn of the millennium. In addition to cruiseferries and ropax ships, other types of ships also appeared to serve the short route from
Helsinki to Tallinn, such as
760:
The international truck traffic needed cruiseferry traffic on the Baltic Sea more and more in the 1960s, because the truck traffic had increased after the buying power of the Finns had strengthened and Finnish export trade had been directed to the western market instead of the
545:
started, the Finnish Car Club, the Road Traffic Association and the Finnish Truck Association started pressuring shipping companies to improve car ferry traffic between Finland and Sweden. The first car ferry connection between Finland and Sweden was a route over the
1172:
The frequent passenger and car traffic between Finland and Sweden served as an inspiration and development of cruiseferry operations worldwide, particularly from Finland and Sweden to other destinations. The largest and fastest cruiseferry in the world,
152:. Tallink, Viking Line and Eckerö Line compete on the Helsinki - Tallinn route, which is also the busiest route in the Baltic Sea, travelled by over 6 million people in 2008. The fact that this route is so busy (a further 270,380 people flew between
1105:
on 1 July 1999, which had previously been in passenger ship use in the middle 1970s and was now reopened after renovation. Stopping at Långnäs along the way saves an hour of traffic time compared to the daytime ferries stopping at Mariehamn.
208:
of 1977 is considered to have been the first cruiseferry, she was the first ferry to offer cruise-ship quality services and accommodations, and the first generation of cruiseferries operating from Finland to Sweden were highly influenced by
1302:
The Baltic Sea cruiseferries and travel on them are a multi-faceted phenomenon of life, which has received diverse criticism, mostly because of environmental reasons. The pollution caused by the cruiseferries was at its worst after the
1087:, which ended up going bankrupt in 2011. After this the city of Vaasa and the municipality of Umeå founded a common shipping company, NLC Ferry, to handle traffic over the Kvarken under the marketing name Wasaline on the ferry
800:
in 1971 how passengers who had come to the ferry just for the travel had to endure raging, vomiting, shouting expletives and crazy partying, while the ferry crew could do nothing more than futilely spread their arms about it.
1319:
emissions were reduced from 300 tonnes to 50 tonnes per year. Navigating larger and larger ships through narrow straits and at tightly-packed piers at city centres has been a subject of discussion both at the
785:
and restaurant services. Mere deck tickets were enough for many: instead of expensive cabins, many people on night-time ferry trips either kept awake for the entire night or slept on indoor chairs or in
1324:
and on the Finnish coast. The large cruiseferries are said to bring the wave situations from the outern archipelago to the inner archipelago, which changes the collection of species and furthers
481:. The ship was towed into the harbour overnight and the 331 passengers and 98 crew, who had slept on board, were evacuated later that morning. No investigation was started about the incident.
1932:
1331:
Maritime safety issues become a point for some time every time something happens to the Baltic Sea cruiseferries. The largest controversy, which led to various actions, resulted from the
1149:
Around 2017 Estonia overtook Sweden for the first time as the most popular ship travel destination among the Finns. On the other hand, travel to Finland among the Swedes has increased.
804:
Along with the cruiseferries, Swedish people also started to get interested about visiting continental Finland, but especially about short alcohol-infused pleasure trips to the
1548:
1122:
has estimated that the "huge hotel department stores" on the Helsinki-Stockholm route had come to the end of their life and saw the future of the Baltic Sea transport in the
580:
found each other in this regard too and founded a joint company named Oy Siljavarustamo - Ab Siljarederiet in 1957 to handle the ferry traffic. The passenger steam ship SS
724:
as the theme colour of all their ships. Soon also Siljavarustamo was discontinued and replaced with a joint marketing company between three shipping companies called
498:, a cruiseferry trip is still a manifestation of Finnish culture, like a part of modern folklore: "The ferries offer escapism, glamour and a promise of adventure".
167:
Baltic routes are mostly served by new ships purpose-built for the routes. Older cruiseferries from the Baltic serve as ferries on other seas, or in some cases, as
2102:
1033:, Wasa Line had full control over the traffic across the Gulf of Bothnia once again after it had acquired Jakob Lines and KG-Line had gone out of business.
1507:
669:
1118:
in 2006, which was a smaller company than Silja Line but was the most financially stable along the Baltic Sea cruiseferry companies. Maritime professor
1197:
327:
Finland and Sweden have a relatively strict taxation of alcohol) many big parties involving vast amounts of alcohol consumption are held on the ships.
1126:
ships that were more modest than the cruiseferries and combined passenger cabins with effective cargo spaces. In addition to Tallink and Viking Line,
829:
1088:
982:
magazine listed Viking Line as the ninth largest vendor of tax-free products in the world in a listing mostly consisting of international airports.
568:
of the shipping company Ab Vasa-Umeå started trafficking in December 1958. A group of shipping companies having cooperated for decades, the Finnish
1584:
791:
569:
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in Sweden already since 1960, and for summer 1961 Effoa experimented with a fast passenger traffic connection from Stockholm to Mariehamn on the
422:
1465:
648:
shipyard for Silja's Turku-Norrtälje route in 1961, which was the first ship in Finland to have a roll-through car deck with aft and bow gates.
460:. All 207 passengers and 25 of the 74 crew members were evacuated. The incident only caused damage to the ship, leaving the passengers unharmed.
1479:
564:
1119:
813:
1315:. The ferries later switched to lighter fuel oil and other technical solutions were also sought. For example from 1988 to 1990 the ferries'
1222:
902:. At the same time, conference trips among corporations and organisations became a new business for the ferries: the 1975 Silja Line ships
1262:
had disbanded and the Baltic countries had regained inpendence, new ferry routes started rapidly appearing from Helsinki and Stockholm to
766:
2393:
1508:"Så gott som alla passagerare har evakuerats från grundstötta Viking Grace och väntar på vidare transport – fartyget bogserades i natt"
994:
656:
to a car ferry in 1959 to traffic between Mariehamn and Simpnäs in Sweden. In 1964 Slite received the recently completed car ferry MS
1047:
1006:
229:
to grow and rival the two long-established companies (Viking Line and Silja Line). Eventually, Tallink purchased Silja Line in 2006.
2237:
605:
781:
drink and snacks". Off-season, the ferries attracted passengers by even offering deck tickets for free to spend money on board on
1399:
2310:
1419:
1233:
route previously trafficked by Wasa Line in the early 1970s, but neither of these attempts made it past the planning stage.
2433:
2418:
1916:
279:
on the way. This often happens in the middle of the night, and the ships stay at the Åland Islands for less than an hour.
1348:
Tens of people have disappeared from the cruiseferries throughout the decades, almost all of them young men. Journalist
2428:
2099:
1287:
express ships. Among the first cruiseferries especially designed for the Helsinki-Tallinn route as the fast 2008 ship
2360:
1902:
1030:
596:
were not car ferries as such. Siljavarustamo ordered its first car ferry in 1959, when a competing shipping company
1341:
About 60 percent of the state income originally meant for cargo ships and other utilitarian ships, explained with
1248:
in the early 1960s expanded to international cruiseferries in 1968, when a Norwegian shipping company ordered the
2413:
1894:
1377:
The ship was travelling from Stockholm to Turku, not from Turku to Stockholm as it says in the cited BBC article.
372:
307:
has limited the growth of the industry as duty-free sales on intra-EU routes are no longer possible. However, as
287:
Passengers board and depart the ships via walking tunnels connecting the ship directly to the terminal building.
2403:
1110:
hoarding" from Estonia. Silja Line had the most difficulties and ended up sold to the British-American company
728:
in 1971. Before this the group's four companies had been marketing their car ferry trips under the simple name
2062:
Långnäsin satama valmistautuu suurlauttojen tuloon. Heinäkuussa kaikki Ruotsin-laivat poikkeavat Ahvenanmaalla
252:
and her sisters with a length of 219 meters. The longest ship to have ever navigated through the narrows past
240:, meaning ships that traffic these routes can't be much larger than 200 meters. The single narrowest point is
2423:
1949:
523:
518:
came into force in 1954 and the number of personal cars in Finland started increasing despite the need for
1138:
and deployed some of them on the route from Finland to Sweden. The same passenger group "without need for
2408:
2061:
1452:
161:
1874:
439:. All 204 passengers and 32 crewmembers were rescued, but the ship was deemed a constructive total loss.
1146:
owned by Silja Line and then by Tallink, trafficking the Turku-Stockholm route from the 1990s to 2008.
716:. In 1966 Vikinglinjen, Slite and Ålandsfärjan now known as SF-Line founded a common marketing company
417:
due to water in its fuel. When weighing the anchor, she hooked the cables of internet traffic to Åland.
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1332:
573:
397:
2272:
2187:
2168:
2002:
1839:
1802:
1783:
1710:
1614:
1565:
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from Finland to Sweden and thereafter to middle and southern Europe also increased since the 1950s.
275:
To allow for duty-free sales on routes between Finland and Sweden, Baltic Sea cruiseferries stop in
2253:
1746:
1635:
697:
352:
344:
1980:
1820:
1764:
1728:
2291:
2138:
2078:
2022:
Suomen suurimmasta konkurssista kertyi 50 metriä mappeja ja velkojille maksettiin miljardi euroa
1970:, publications of the Finnish sea transit administration #1/1994, p. 8. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
1967:
2398:
737:
680:. It started traffic between Mariehamn and Gräddö in Sweden. In autumn 1964 and 1965 the ship
1895:
Laiva saapui Helsinkiin: Helsingin matkustajalaivaliikenteen kehitys 1830-luvulta nykypäivään
1537:
Matkustajat yöpyvät karille ajaneella Viking Gracella – laivaa ei siirretä ennen maihinnousua
1321:
515:
2222:
Linda Line aikoo aloittaa taas liikennöinnin Helsingin ja Tallinnan välillä kesäkuun lopussa
1225:
tried to improve the Hanko-Visby route, and the Swedish company Jetson tried to improve the
291:
1480:"MTV seuraa: Viking Amorella -alus ajoi eilen karille – vauriot pääasiassa laivan rungossa"
1397:
1037:
672:
founded in 1963, with its first namesake ferry having been converted from the 1933 ship SS
271:
2139:
Viron laivamatkailu ohitti ensimmäistä kertaa Suomen ja Ruotsin välisen reitin suosiossaan
449:
8:
2188:
Rakenteilla oleva terminaali huolintayhtiölle. Porista Sundsvalliin ei tule lauttalinjaa.
232:
The size of Baltic cruiseferries is limited by various narrow passages in the Stockholm,
1345:, went to "entertainment maritime transit" meaning passenger ships in the middle 2010s.
1294:, which became the ferry to transport the most passengers along the route in the 2010s.
1050:, which changed into Viking Line Oyj and discontinued the former marketing cooperative.
187:
174:
Viking Line and Eckerölinjen also operate short routes from Sweden to Åland, sailing on
92:
1180:
was built at the Wärtsilä Helsinki shipyard in 1977, which trafficked from Helsinki to
824:. After ten years, traffic between Sweden and Åland was joined by the Ålandian company
514:. Passenger ship traffic over the Baltic Sea started improving in the 1950s, when the
510:
as cargo on a passenger of cargo ship, with about twenty cars lifted onto a ship by a
2356:
2277:
2258:
2192:
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2143:
2007:
1898:
1844:
1806:
1788:
1751:
1715:
1640:
1619:
1570:
1249:
1208:
1026:
782:
776:
283:
23:
1084:
2296:
2083:
1985:
1825:
1769:
1733:
1123:
796:
732:("Ships to Sweden"), including "train-ship-train" packages in cooperation with the
665:
368:
257:
157:
1416:
1114:
in 2004. However, Sea Containers itself soon went bankrupt and sold Silja Line to
809:
195:
2106:
1493:
1423:
1403:
1304:
986:
978:
967:
In the 1980s the size of the cruiseferries grew rapidly: in 1993 the total gross
890:, and in 1974 Viking Line brought their own ships to the route, the German-built
834:
677:
649:
551:
511:
431:
312:
153:
2377:
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Ferries on the Turku-Stockholm and Naantali-Kapellskär routes started using the
1437:
1325:
1316:
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1215:
1204:
1111:
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903:
884:
839:
577:
519:
304:
77:
19:
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also started to concentrate on ropax ships, of which it ordered five from the
263:(260 m), but that was only possible due to extremely good weather conditions.
81:
2387:
2124:
1697:
1236:
The Wärtsilä shipyard's experience in cruiseferry construction starting from
942:
645:
380:
241:
30:
1933:
Viking Glorylla joogataan ja nautitaan kaikkialle avautuvista merimaisemista
1181:
1022:
863:
629:
175:
1349:
1342:
1259:
1143:
1098:
954:
787:
771:
762:
748:
495:
465:
436:
214:
125:
1036:
In the early 1990s the shipping companies suffered from the bankruptcy of
621:
506:
In the early 20th century it was possible to take a personal car over the
2328:
2037:
1936:
1765:
Me junailemme Teille edullisen ja mukavan juna-laiva-juna-matkan Ruotsiin
1585:"Itämeren huvikeskuksissa on pimeämpi puoli, ja se sai minut otteeseensa"
1352:
has investigated the matter and has published a four-hour podcast called
1280:
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527:
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101:
65:
61:
2169:
HanGo Line varustamon suunnitelmat kariutuivat epäonnistuneeseen antiin
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2049:
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1102:
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507:
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191:
69:
57:
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until 1967 when Sweden too switched to right-hand traffic. Traffic by
334:
from ferries as its sale is illegal in Finland due to EU regulations.
108:
Tallink and Viking Line operate competing cruiseferries on the routes
1954:
1879:
1276:
1272:
1230:
1185:
1127:
1076:
1014:
990:
973:
931:
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522:. However, the Finns were averse to driving in Sweden because of the
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470:
457:
410:
316:
179:
145:
137:
133:
121:
109:
50:
42:
2221:
2211:(interview of Martin Saarikangas at 14:00). Accessed on 6 June 2022.
1536:
1520:
923:
in the 1960, until the first tax free stores were opened on Silja's
2021:
1917:
Päivä Tukholmassa risteilyllä m/s Silja Symphonylla 19.5.-21.5.2017
1521:
Otkes: Viking Gracen karilleajosta ei aloiteta onnettomuustutkintaa
1308:
1284:
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117:
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34:
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1002:
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709:
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1950:
Nämä asiat olivat mullistavia uutuuksia 70-luvun ruotsinlaivoilla
1263:
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or other harbours on the islands. Another popular destination is
226:
222:
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129:
73:
38:
1803:
Uiva kapakka. Yö ruotsinlaivalla on mässäilyã, diskoa ja viinaa.
704:. Stena Line also transported passengers in summer 1966 between
559:
315:, duty-free sales are still possible on routes making a stop at
1312:
953:
on Viking Line's ships was under the car deck of the 1979 ship
895:
625:
542:
46:
1466:"Baltic Sea ferry runs aground in Finnish waters, no injuries"
2380:- Consumer information for duty-free shopping on ferry boats.
1189:
1131:
920:
688:
trafficked between Turku and Stockholm, first under the name
609:
585:
555:
478:
453:
113:
1226:
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was from tax-free sales in restaurants and shops. In 1990,
916:
on the Helsinki route had conference rooms for 150 people.
705:
331:
149:
2208:
Tusina tavaraa Suomesta: ruotsinlaiva (12 ting om Finland)
1152:
1058:
2333:
2314:
2225:
2025:
1588:
919:
Tax-free products on ferries were sold in small on-board
485:
2156:
1053:
858:
660:, with its red-painted sides bearing the marketing name
351:, and approximately a year after that, on 28 July 1987,
1494:"Passenger ferry Viking Grace runs aground off Finland"
1083:
founded by the Vaasa restaurant and hotel entrepreneur
213:
s interior and exterior designs. After the fall of the
100:, Baltic sea cruiseferries pass the island fortress of
1784:
Meri on tumma ja naama harmaa Ruotsinlaivan yöreitillä
812:
had transported passengers and cars to Mariehamn from
2294:, long story about the situation of the Baltic Sea,
2040:, Finnish Foreign Ministry. Accessed on 28 May 2022.
1767:, joint advertisement by Bore, SHO, Svea and Silja,
1749:, joint advertisement by Bore, SHO, Svea and Silja,
1549:
Monella lapsella on edessään elämänsä eka laivamatka
1711:MacFinnin tilalle upouusi autolautta ehkä Norjasta
790:on the outer deck or in the corridors. Journalist
2336:Areena 28 February 2022. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
2311:Valtion jättitukiaiset pääosin viihderisteilyihin
743:
2385:
1631:
1629:
696:, with its highlights being a dance restaurant,
198:, also operates short cruises out of Stockholm.
1094:which had already trafficked the route before.
960:. In the 1970s the ferries also started having
945:for the first time. At the same time the first
774:coming to visit their relatives. The newspaper
635:
295:Smaller cabins on cruiseferries typically have
1682:, 2007, video 60 min. Accessed on 5 June 2022.
420:29 August 2009, a fire was extinguished on MS
245:service through the Kustaanmiekka strait were
2109:, Finnlines 2004. Accessed on 2 January 2008.
1821:Puolin & toisin: Kuvottavat ruotsinlaivat
1626:
1482:(in Finnish). MTV Uutiset. 20 September 2020.
600:had entered the market with its car ferry SS
64:lines. Some important shipping companies are
2317:MOT 5 October 2015. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
2095:
2093:
1539:, Yle Uutiset. Accessed on 21 November 2020.
1527:27 November 2020. Accessed on 22 April 2021.
1510:(in Swedish). Svenska Yle. 22 November 2020.
2355:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications.
2052:, Kvarken council. Accessed on 26 May 2022.
1638:, advertisement for Suomen Turistiauto Oy,
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
2128:27 November 2007. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
2120:Seawind Line lopettaa matkustajaliikenteen
2028:27 November 2013. Accessed on 5 June 2022.
1968:"3.1 Matkustaja-alukset vuosina 1980-1993"
1672:
1670:
1409:
845:became known as the fictional cruiseferry
337:
2273:Liian kapea salmi vai liian suuret laivat
2244:3 December 2016. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
2090:
1958:23 January 2022. Accessed on 30 May 2022.
1939:12 January 2022. Accessed on 30 May 2022.
1747:12 hyvää syytä matkustaa Ruotsinlaivoilla
1701:8 December 2012. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1445:
985:Cruiseferry traffic also expanded on the
2147:17 August 2017. Accessed on 31 May 2022.
1997:
1995:
1813:
1594:
1156:
1070:After Finland and Sweden had joined the
1057:
862:
747:
469:ran aground while attempting to dock at
290:
282:
270:
91:
18:
2196:10 March 1998. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
1679:Meritie Ruosiin (Sjövägen till Sverige)
1555:31 March 2022. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
1153:The greater effect of the cruiseferries
2386:
2100:Finnlinesin Itämeren laivaston kehitys
1883:5 April 2007. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
1864:25 June 2013. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
1795:
1647:
1591:1 March 2022. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
1429:
1391:
720:and adopted the red colour of Slite's
486:Cruiseferries as a cultural phenomenon
221:became highly lucrative, which led to
2350:
2228:30 May 2018. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
2068:4 June 1999. Accessed on 9 June 2022.
1992:
1923:22 May 2017. Accessed on 30 May 2022.
1875:Freja i "Rederiet" sjönk i Medelhavet
1776:
1054:Difficulties and fusions in the 2000s
859:From ferries to entertainment centres
828:in 1971 and the Stockholmian company
668:. The fourth cruiseferry company was
435:caught fire while travelling through
426:, carrying 74 passengers at the time.
375:near Rügen island, claiming 55 lives.
1693:MacFinn tuuletti risteilymarkkinoita
1184:in Germany. Already a decade before
1892:Blomgren, Riitta; Raudsepp, Peter:
1636:Erikoishuokea loistomatka Hampuriin
1221:from Helsinki. In the early 1990s,
949:appeared on the ferries. The first
13:
2254:Risteilijöiden rikkipäästöt kuriin
533:When car ferry traffic across the
96:Upon departure from or arrival to
14:
2445:
2394:Connections across the Baltic Sea
2371:
2137:Hekkala, Saila; Lohilahti, Oona:
2003:Laivamatkailu lyö taas ennätyksen
1188:had trafficked to Travemünde and
1041:to compete with ferry traffic to
1031:early 1990s depression in Finland
323:with its lower taxes on alcohol.
266:
217:the route connecting Helsinki to
87:
1066:at the Umeå harbour in July 2012
624:, until its traffic switched to
160:in 2018) has led to calls for a
2343:
2320:
2303:
2284:
2265:
2247:
2231:
2214:
2199:
2180:
2162:
2150:
2131:
2112:
2071:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2014:
1973:
1961:
1942:
1926:
1909:
1897:, Raud Publishing 1993, p. 68.
1886:
1867:
1851:
1832:
1758:
1740:
1722:
1704:
1685:
1577:
1558:
1542:
1530:
1514:
664:, meaning "the Åland Arrow" in
2050:Merenkurkun neuvoston historia
1782:Saari, Mauno; Lamberg, Seija:
1615:Lauttabisneksen luvattu reitti
1500:
1486:
1472:
1468:. ABC News. 20 September 2020.
1458:
1371:
1311:containing even three percent
1005:(1982-1984) and its successor
744:Price contests and fun cruises
604:, which first trafficked from
16:Ferry operations in the Baltic
1:
1496:. BBC News. 21 November 2020.
1359:
388:, causing her to partly sink.
1623:15 November 1987, pp. 56-57.
1453:Brand på färja utanför Åland
1384:
1307:when the ferries used heavy
1297:
832:, named after the TV series
652:converted its cargo ship MS
636:The first proper car ferries
588:and the cargo steam ship SS
550:, the narrowest part of the
7:
1840:Birka Line luotiin tyhjästä
1142:and karaoke" was sought by
1079:, but this was replaced by
849:from the Swedish TV series
409:had to anchor just outside
10:
2450:
2434:Water transport in Estonia
2419:Water transport in Finland
2159:. Accessed on 27 May 2022.
2157:Finnjet Historical Society
1981:Merenkulusta tuli ajankulu
1905:. Accessed on 4 June 2022.
1356:about the matter in 2022.
501:
2429:Water transport in Sweden
794:wondered in the magazine
2177:12 November 1989, p. 28.
2038:Ahvenanmaan erityisasema
1364:
838:, in 1973. Birka Line's
692:and then under the name
494:According to journalist
1406:, The busiest crossing.
338:Accidents and incidents
162:Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel
2414:Transport in Stockholm
2290:Kauhanen, Anna-Liina:
2205:Clayhills, Henrietta:
2011:21 August 1990, p. 42.
1858:Ånedinlinjen läggs ner
1169:
1067:
872:
757:
391:28 September 1994, MS
347:took place onboard MS
300:
288:
280:
105:
60:is crossed by several
53:
2404:Transport in Helsinki
2351:Peter, Bruce (2009).
2238:Viking XPRS telakalle
1792:4 August 1971, p. 11.
1719:10 March 1966, p. 23.
1322:Stockholm Archipelago
1160:
1061:
866:
751:
676:trafficking over the
516:Nordic Passport Union
463:21 November 2020, MS
442:20 September 2020 MS
303:The expansion of the
294:
286:
274:
95:
22:
2424:Transport in Tallinn
2378:Duty Free on Arrival
2077:Tiilikainen, Teppo:
1644:2 August 1959, p. 2.
1574:17 June 1989, p. 18.
993:had to compete with
989:in the 1980s, where
712:with its small ship
403:19 January 2009, MS
366:14 January 1993, MS
330:Many Finns also buy
120:, calling in Åland (
29:passing through the
2281:30 May 1988, p. 12.
2262:24 July 1990, p. 9.
2087:#5/2006, pp. 26-31.
2079:Taistelu Itämerellä
1948:Zitting, Marianne:
1848:15 May 1973, p. 25.
1810:17 May 1981, p. 30.
1338:in September 1994.
740:railway companies.
572:and SHO-FÅA (later
448:ran aground in the
429:9 October 2010, MS
400:claiming 852 lives.
2409:Transport in Turku
2105:2020-12-26 at the
1873:Jannerling, Lisa:
1755:11 May 1967, p. 5.
1422:2009-11-28 at the
1402:2010-03-26 at the
1333:sinking of the MS
1170:
1068:
930:and Viking Line's
898:-bought 1967 ship
873:
808:islands and back.
758:
682:Wappen von Hamburg
576:) and the Swedish
452:on her route from
359:was later renamed
301:
289:
281:
106:
54:
2292:Pintaa syvemmälle
2278:Helsingin Sanomat
2259:Helsingin Sanomat
2193:Helsingin Sanomat
2186:Paananen, Erkki:
2174:Helsingin Sanomat
2144:Helsingin Sanomat
2008:Helsingin Sanomat
1845:Helsingin Sanomat
1819:Dahlgren, Maija:
1807:Helsingin Sanomat
1789:Helsingin Sanomat
1752:Helsingin Sanomat
1716:Helsingin Sanomat
1641:Helsingin Sanomat
1620:Helsingin Sanomat
1613:Vuoristo, Pekka:
1571:Helsingin Sanomat
1564:Paananen, Seppo:
1435:Fakta om fartyg:
1013:trafficking from
997:trafficking from
783:tax-free shopping
777:Helsingin Sanomat
770:were packed with
644:was built in the
562:, where the ship
524:left-hand traffic
450:Åland Archipelago
384:ran aground near
378:4 March 1994, MS
256:sea fortress was
128:). Additionally,
2441:
2366:
2337:
2324:
2318:
2307:
2301:
2300:#32/1998, p. 12.
2297:Suomen Kuvalehti
2288:
2282:
2269:
2263:
2251:
2245:
2235:
2229:
2218:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2184:
2178:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2135:
2129:
2118:Enkvist, Liisa:
2116:
2110:
2097:
2088:
2084:Suomen Kuvalehti
2075:
2069:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2020:Järvinen, Jari:
2018:
2012:
1999:
1990:
1986:Suomen Kuvalehti
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1946:
1940:
1930:
1924:
1913:
1907:
1890:
1884:
1871:
1865:
1855:
1849:
1838:Pensala, Matti:
1836:
1830:
1829:#32/1971, p. 35.
1826:Suomen Kuvalehti
1817:
1811:
1799:
1793:
1780:
1774:
1773:#19/1968, p. 12.
1770:Suomen kuvalehti
1762:
1756:
1744:
1738:
1737:#25/1966, p. 38.
1734:Suomen kuvalehti
1726:
1720:
1708:
1702:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1645:
1633:
1624:
1611:
1592:
1581:
1575:
1562:
1556:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1413:
1407:
1395:
1378:
1375:
1207:and then on the
1009:(1986-1989) and
797:Suomen Kuvalehti
158:Helsinki Airport
116:and Stockholm -
41:on its route to
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2384:
2383:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2326:Rantala, Riku:
2325:
2321:
2308:
2304:
2289:
2285:
2270:
2266:
2252:
2248:
2236:
2232:
2219:
2215:
2204:
2200:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2136:
2132:
2117:
2113:
2107:Wayback Machine
2098:
2091:
2076:
2072:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2019:
2015:
2000:
1993:
1989:#8/1986, p. 17.
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1947:
1943:
1931:
1927:
1914:
1910:
1891:
1887:
1872:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1837:
1833:
1818:
1814:
1801:Köngäs, Heidi:
1800:
1796:
1781:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1745:
1741:
1729:Sivusta katsoen
1727:
1723:
1709:
1705:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1648:
1634:
1627:
1612:
1595:
1583:Rantala, Riku:
1582:
1578:
1563:
1559:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:Wayback Machine
1417:Special Cruises
1414:
1410:
1404:Wayback Machine
1396:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1305:1973 oil crisis
1300:
1155:
1056:
1038:Wärtsilä Marine
987:Gulf of Bothnia
861:
835:The Onedin Line
767:war reparations
746:
684:of the Swedish
678:English Channel
650:Rederi AB Slite
638:
552:Gulf of Bothnia
537:strait between
520:import licenses
512:container crane
504:
488:
340:
313:EU customs zone
311:is outside the
269:
225:-based company
154:Tallinn Airport
90:
33:strait outside
17:
12:
11:
5:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2372:External links
2370:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2353:Baltic Ferries
2347:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2319:
2302:
2283:
2271:Simola, Eeva:
2264:
2246:
2230:
2220:Massa, Silja:
2213:
2198:
2179:
2161:
2149:
2130:
2111:
2089:
2070:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2013:
1991:
1979:Piispa, Arja:
1972:
1960:
1941:
1925:
1921:Valkeat laivat
1908:
1885:
1866:
1850:
1831:
1812:
1794:
1775:
1757:
1739:
1721:
1703:
1691:Riutta, Kari:
1684:
1676:Dumell, Mats:
1646:
1625:
1593:
1576:
1557:
1541:
1529:
1513:
1499:
1485:
1471:
1457:
1444:
1428:
1408:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1326:eutrophication
1317:sulfur dioxide
1299:
1296:
1255:from Finland.
1252:Song of Norway
1168:in spring 2004
1154:
1151:
1112:Sea Containers
1085:Rabbe Grönblom
1072:European Union
1055:
1052:
964:for children.
860:
857:
842:Birka Princess
792:Maija Dahlgren
754:Birka Princess
745:
742:
637:
634:
628:in Finland to
578:Rederi AB Svea
503:
500:
487:
484:
483:
482:
473:en route from
461:
440:
427:
418:
401:
389:
381:Sally Albatros
376:
364:
343:10 July 1986,
339:
336:
305:European Union
268:
267:Tax-free sales
265:
89:
88:Eastern Baltic
86:
78:St. Peter Line
26:Silja Symphony
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2446:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:Cruiseferries
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2364:
2362:9781906608057
2358:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2312:
2309:Skön, Kirsi:
2306:
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2227:
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2189:
2183:
2176:
2175:
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2146:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2126:
2125:Turun Sanomat
2121:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2067:
2066:Verkkouutiset
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2001:Nurmi, Esko:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1918:
1915:Koski, Sami:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1903:9789529043163
1900:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1846:
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1698:Turun Sanomat
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1600:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1566:Matka avartaa
1561:
1554:
1553:Kuljetuslehti
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1438:"M/S Rosella"
1432:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1374:
1370:
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1310:
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1254:
1253:
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1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1200:Hansa Express
1196:first on the
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1029:. During the
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
963:
959:
958:
952:
948:
944:
943:swimming pool
940:
936:
935:
929:
928:
922:
917:
915:
914:
908:
907:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:
882:
881:
870:
865:
856:
855:(1992-2002).
854:
853:
848:
844:
843:
837:
836:
831:
830:Ånedin-Linjen
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:Eckerö Linjen
807:
802:
799:
798:
793:
789:
788:sleeping bags
784:
779:
778:
773:
768:
764:
755:
750:
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:Ruotsinlaivat
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
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623:
619:
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583:
579:
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571:
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536:
531:
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528:charter buses
525:
521:
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499:
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476:
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408:
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387:
383:
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377:
374:
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369:Jan Heweliusz
365:
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261:
255:
251:
250:
243:
242:Kustaanmiekka
239:
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63:
59:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:Kustaanmiekka
28:
27:
21:
2352:
2344:Bibliography
2327:
2322:
2305:
2295:
2286:
2276:
2267:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2233:
2216:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2182:
2172:
2164:
2152:
2142:
2133:
2123:
2114:
2082:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2016:
2006:
1984:
1975:
1963:
1953:
1944:
1928:
1920:
1911:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1843:
1834:
1824:
1815:
1805:
1797:
1787:
1778:
1768:
1760:
1750:
1742:
1732:
1724:
1714:
1706:
1696:
1687:
1677:
1639:
1618:
1579:
1569:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1502:
1488:
1474:
1460:
1447:
1431:
1415:Silja Line:
1411:
1393:
1373:
1353:
1350:Riku Rantala
1347:
1343:preparedness
1340:
1334:
1330:
1301:
1290:
1260:Soviet Union
1257:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1217:
1210:
1199:
1176:
1171:
1164:approaching
1161:
1148:
1144:SeaWind Line
1139:
1108:
1096:
1091:Wasa Express
1090:
1069:
1063:
1035:
1027:Örnsköldsvik
984:
977:
966:
956:
938:
937:in 1970. MS
933:
926:
918:
912:
905:
899:
891:
886:
879:
874:
868:
850:
846:
841:
833:
821:
803:
795:
775:
772:Sweden Finns
763:Soviet Union
759:
756:in Stockholm
753:
729:
721:
713:
693:
689:
681:
673:
670:Ålandsfärjan
661:
657:
653:
641:
640:The ship MS
639:
601:
598:Vikinglinjen
589:
581:
565:Korsholm III
563:
532:
505:
496:Riku Rantala
493:
489:
466:Viking Grace
464:
443:
437:Fehmarn Belt
432:Lisco Gloria
430:
421:
404:
392:
379:
367:
360:
357:Viking Sally
356:
349:Viking Sally
348:
329:
325:
302:
259:
248:
238:archipelagos
231:
215:Soviet Union
210:
204:
200:
173:
169:cruise ships
166:
107:
55:
25:
2329:M/S Mystery
1937:Viking Line
1862:SVT Nyheter
1354:M/S Mystery
1291:Viking XPRS
1281:SuperSeaCat
1218:Finnpartner
1136:Fincantieri
1120:Jorma Taina
1101:harbour in
1011:Jakob Lines
951:discotheque
947:night clubs
941:also had a
906:Svea Corona
887:Svea Regina
814:Grissleholm
718:Viking Line
690:Jätten Finn
662:Ålandspilen
632:in Sweden.
353:another one
254:Suomenlinna
201:Generally,
194:, owned by
184:Grisslehamn
102:Suomenlinna
82:Eckerö Line
66:Viking Line
62:cruiseferry
2388:Categories
1360:References
1277:catamarans
1275:ships and
1269:Linda Line
1258:After the
1223:Hango Line
1182:Travemünde
1103:Lumparland
1023:Skellefteå
826:Birka Line
765:after the
726:Silja Line
686:Stena Line
630:Kapellskär
508:Baltic Sea
423:Finnfellow
236:and Turku
192:Birka Line
176:Kapellskär
70:Silja Line
58:Baltic Sea
1955:Iltalehti
1880:Expressen
1455:(Swedish)
1442:(Swedish)
1426:(Swedish)
1385:Citations
1298:Criticism
1273:hydrofoil
1231:Sundsvall
1211:Finnhansa
1186:Finnlines
1134:shipyard
1128:Finnlines
1077:Wasa Line
1015:Jakobstad
991:Wasa Line
974:Wasa Line
962:ball pits
818:hydrofoil
622:Norrtälje
614:Mariehamn
475:Stockholm
471:Mariehamn
458:Stockholm
411:Mariehamn
317:Mariehamn
297:bunk beds
180:Mariehamn
146:Stockholm
138:Mariehamn
134:Stockholm
122:Mariehamn
110:Stockholm
51:Mariehamn
43:Stockholm
2242:Moottori
2103:Archived
1420:Archived
1400:Archived
1309:fuel oil
1285:pump-jet
1214:and the
1166:Helsinki
999:Kaskinen
995:Folkline
900:Viking 6
896:Canadian
894:and the
892:Viking 5
880:Aallotar
871:underway
852:Rederiet
714:Afrodite
702:roulette
674:Brittany
646:Wärtsilä
594:Helsinki
445:Amorella
386:Porkkala
345:a murder
249:Finnstar
234:Ålandian
211:Finnjet'
188:Berghamn
118:Helsinki
98:Helsinki
35:Helsinki
1335:Estonia
1264:Tallinn
1238:Ilmatar
1194:Gotland
1177:Finnjet
1162:Finnjet
1132:Italian
1116:Tallink
1099:Långnäs
1081:RG Line
1048:SF-Line
1043:Estonia
1019:Kokkola
1007:KG-Line
969:tonnage
957:Turella
913:Wellamo
738:Swedish
734:Finnish
694:MacFinn
666:Swedish
642:Skandia
554:, from
548:Kvarken
539:Denmark
535:Øresund
502:History
406:Rosella
394:Estonia
361:Estonia
321:Estonia
227:Tallink
223:Estonia
219:Tallinn
205:Finnjet
142:Tallinn
130:Tallink
126:Långnäs
74:Tallink
39:Finland
2359:
1901:
1313:sulfur
1246:Nordia
1242:Fennia
1140:humppa
939:Fennia
934:Apollo
927:Fennia
921:kiosks
869:Apollo
822:Sirena
722:Apollo
658:Apollo
626:Pargas
618:Gräddö
606:Galtby
602:Viking
543:Sweden
260:Oriana
196:Eckerö
132:sails
47:Sweden
1365:Notes
1205:Hanko
1203:from
1190:Visby
1124:ropax
1003:Gävle
847:Freja
820:ship
806:Åland
710:Luleå
698:bingo
654:Slite
610:Korpo
592:from
590:Warjo
586:Turku
584:from
582:Silja
574:Effoa
556:Vaasa
479:Turku
454:Turku
415:Åland
309:Åland
277:Åland
114:Turku
2357:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1451:DN:
1279:and
1244:and
1227:Pori
1175:GTS
1064:RG I
1025:and
1017:and
979:Time
909:and
883:and
736:and
708:and
706:Kemi
700:and
612:via
570:Bore
560:Umeå
541:and
398:sank
373:sank
332:snus
203:GTS
182:and
156:and
150:Riga
144:and
80:and
56:The
49:via
2334:YLE
2315:YLE
2226:YLE
2026:YLE
1589:YLE
1525:YLE
1289:MS
1283:'s
1271:'s
1250:MS
1216:MS
1209:MS
1198:MS
1192:in
1089:MS
1062:MS
1021:to
1001:to
955:MS
932:MS
925:MS
911:MS
904:MS
885:MS
878:MS
867:MS
840:MS
752:MS
620:in
616:to
608:in
558:to
477:to
456:to
258:MS
247:MS
124:or
24:MS
2390::
2332:,
2313:,
2275:,
2256:,
2240:,
2224:,
2190:,
2171:,
2141:,
2122:,
2092:^
2081:,
2064:,
2024:,
2005:,
1994:^
1983:,
1952:,
1935:,
1919:,
1877:,
1860:,
1842:,
1823:,
1786:,
1731:,
1713:,
1695:,
1649:^
1628:^
1617:,
1596:^
1587:,
1568:,
1551:,
1523:,
1328:.
1240:,
413:,
355:.
190:.
186:-
178:-
171:.
164:.
148:-
140:-
136:-
112:-
84:.
76:,
72:,
68:,
45:,
37:,
2365:.
1440:.
1229:-
363:.
299:.
104:.
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