957:, is a Malay-lexified pidgin, which is spoken in Singapore. Tamil and Hokkien contributed to the development of Bazaar Malay, with Hokkien being the dominant substrate language of Bazaar Malay, with Malay being the lexifier language. However, there are many input languages spoken by immigrants that also contributed to the development of Bazaar Malay, including languages spoken by Malays, Chinese, Indians, Eurasians, and Europeans. Singapore Bazaar Malay emerged along with the opening of Singapore's free trade port in 1819, to overcome barriers in communication and business transactions. Since Singapore has only four official languages (English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil), Singapore Bazaar Malay not only is a lingua franca in interethnic communication, it is also used in intra-group communication. Singapore Bazaar Malay is mostly spoken by elders and middle-aged workers today, but its language status is declining due to education policies and language campaigns with less than 10,000 speakers.
3833:
3464:
4471:
2464:
1243:
It is now widely spoken as the first language in
Makassar City and its surrounding areas, especially those who were born after 1980's. It has widely spread to the entire region in southern part of Sulawesi island, including in the provinces of Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, and Sulawesi Barat
1251:
Furthermore, apart from those three provinces in the southern part of
Sulawesi island, Makassar Malay also used by people in some parts of Sulawesi Tengah Province, especially when communicating with people from those three provinces. It can also be used when communicating with people from other
1247:
Makassar Malay used as a default dialect or neutral language when communicating with people from other tribes or ethnicities whom do not share the same local language to the native local speakers in those three provinces. It appears that
Makassar Malay also used as the first language of younger
428:
male settlers and local Malay women, it has "more
Hokkien grammar and more Malay lexicon". As of 2014, there are 1,000 speakers in Malaysia and another 1,000 in Singapore. It is mostly spoken among the older populations. In 1986, Pakir estimated there were 5,000 speakers in Singapore. A
2022:. Speakers perceive Alor Malay to be a different register of standard Indonesian, but both of these are prestige varieties of the archipelago. Many people are able to understand standard Indonesian, but cannot speak it fluently and choose to use Alor Malay on a daily basis.
638:(national language), a local language and Chinese elements (ancestry/ethnic language, particularly for certain jargon or glossary such as family relations, business and commerce, and culinary fields). The most famous variety is found in East Java, especially in
960:
Bazaar Malay is used in a limited extent in
Singapore and Malaysia, mostly among the older generation or people with no working knowledge of English. The most important reason that contributed to the decline of Bazaar Malay is that pidgin Malay has
1089:
is a local trade language. There are a large number of native speakers in urban areas, mainly children who have a second native language. There are also some speakers in the southernmost parts of the
Philippines, particularly in the
3199:. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Structure of Austronesian Languages, 10 April 2014. Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. p. 194.
694:
Apart from East Javan
Chinese-Indonesian, other Chinese-Indonesians tend to speak the language varieties of the places in which they live, such as the Central Javan Chinese-Indonesian can speak with formal/high Javanese
1627:
The creoles of eastern
Indonesia appear to have formed as Malays, using lingua franca Malay, established their monopoly on the spice trade before the European colonial era. They have a number of features in common:
965:
and created several new languages. Another reason is due to language shift in both formal and informal contexts, Bazaar Malay in
Singapore is gradually being replaced by English, with English and its creole
763:. Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian, a vernacular form of Indonesian that has spread from Jakarta into large areas of Java and replaced existing Malay dialects, has its roots in Betawi Malay. According to
4417:
2671:, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used primarily for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.
2621:. It is a language with unspecified linguistic affiliation. According to 2007 data, this language is spoken by 20,000 speakers, mainly the people of East Flores. Larantuka Malay is the
1436:("village speak") by its speakers. Balinese Malay is the primary language of ethnic Malay who live in the northwestern part of the island, mainly in the districts of Melaya and Negara,
4820:
179:
Besides the general simplification that occurs with pidgins, the Malay lingua franca had several distinctive characteristics. One was that possessives were formed with
6434:
3847:
2920:(literally 'market language'), and the name Ternate Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. This language is commonly written using
4744:
4404:
2924:
by its speakers even though it does not have a standardized orthography since this language is used primarily for spoken communication . One of its varieties is
4751:
650:
Javanese) and informal tone, which is not only spoken by
Chinese-Indonesian in Surabaya, but also by non-Chinese-Indonesians when conversing with the former.
9248:
4834:
4301:
5425:
5079:
4925:
4723:
4939:
4688:
4567:
4543:
156:. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the south East Asia Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a
6420:
6413:
4986:
4953:
4932:
4879:
4617:
4331:. Pacific Linguistics A-81. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. pp. 177–195.
9179:
6427:
5093:
5058:
4813:
4792:
3266:
11024:
9282:
4847:
4806:
4718:
4622:
4597:
4459:
699:
Javanese) when necessary, while in daily conversation they will use Indonesia-Javanese-Chinese pidgin. West Javan Chinese-Indonesians tend to mix
9680:
9204:
6259:
5443:
4991:
4981:
4976:
4966:
4764:
2209:. Significantly different from Ambonese Malay and for Ambonese, Banda Malay tends to be perceived as sounding funny due to its unique features.
4961:
4842:
4759:
4728:
4698:
3960:
3089:
6735:
4904:
3916:
Paper Presented by June Jacob at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics Held in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines
4098:
9215:
4946:
4899:
4632:
2925:
2842:
2681:
764:
10873:
2996:) for trading and daily communication. Nowadays, it has a growing number of native speakers. More recently, the vernacular of Indonesian
743:. It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people; a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague use of the name.
9722:
4138:
Bos, Paula R. (2005). "Nagi music and community: belonging and displacement in Larantuka, eastern Indonesia". In Hae-kyung Um (ed.).
11440:
4437:
2025:
Alor Malay is based on Kupang Malay; however, Alor Malay differs significantly from Kupang Malay, especially in its pronouns.
853:(also known as Malaccan Creole Malay, Malacca Malay Creole and Chitties/Chetties Malay) is a Malay-based creole spoken by the
10507:
9763:
5943:
4388:
893:, also known as Sri Lankan Creole Malay, bahasa Melayu, Ja basawa, or Java mozhi, is a Malay-based creole language spoken in
929:. Today, the number of speakers of the language have dwindled considerably but it has continued to be spoken notably in the
11017:
4452:
4236:. Pacific Linguistics Series A - No.78. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University. pp. 1–61.
9673:
7558:
4488:
4413:
Malay creole boy, Hottentot Square Cape Town; Malay boy of Cape Town [picture] / George French Angas delt. et lithog.
2495:
3738:
Klamer, Marion (2014). "The Alor-Pantar languages: Linguistic context, history and typology.". In Klamer, Marian (ed.).
2540:. Roughly around 60 out of 200 attested words in this language were indicated sharing vocabulary with those languages.
206:
6113:
4261:
4173:
4155:
4113:
3757:
3873:
4185:
3677:
2280:
which was used in wider social interactions in society (Todd, 1974:50). Due to the long historical presence of the
2079:
in Eastern Indonesia. Malay has been taught in schools and churches in Ambon, and because of this it has become a
11460:
11455:
11445:
11010:
8371:
4445:
2485:
1244:
as regional lingua franca or as second language due to contact or doing business with people from Makassar City.
4323:
634:
living in various regions of Indonesia, most visibly in Surabaya and Medan. It is a mixture of three languages:
11450:
10212:
9666:
7767:
7674:
4344:
3211:
17:
3892:
2869:
can be found in Sula Malay. Some contraction vocabulary can also be found in this language, as is the case in
11221:
11080:
8830:
7840:
7724:
5201:
4373:. LOT Occasional Series, Vol. 9. Utrecht: LOT, Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics. pp. 117–150.
1457:
1450:
4369:
Stoel, Ruben (2007). "The Intonation of Manado Malay". In van Heuven, Vincent J.; van Zanten, Ellen (eds.).
2861:. The Sula Malay is heavily influenced by other languages, This can be found in loan words originating from
10777:
10207:
6820:
6637:
6095:
2450:
902:
850:
843:
809:
396:
3274:
8457:
7212:
6865:
2973:
3635:
Bagus, I Gusti Ngurah; Denes, I Made; Laksana, I Ketut Darma; Putrini, Nyoman; Ginarsa, I Ketut (1985).
11419:
10247:
8751:
8728:
7914:
7661:
7036:
5982:
5692:
5687:
3008:. It is spoken in Indonesian New Guinea alongside 274 other languages and functions as a lingua franca.
4232:
Lim, Sonny (1988). "Baba Malay: the language of the 'Straits-born' Chinese". In Steinhauer, H. (ed.).
10102:
9768:
8995:
8178:
7475:
7372:
7189:
7064:
6830:
6785:
6511:
6491:
6377:
5795:
5785:
5622:
5552:
5494:
5166:
4529:
1465:
4379:
3832:
3463:
3108:
10132:
9788:
9624:
9287:
9271:
8558:
7606:
7317:
7217:
6344:
5911:
5544:
1529:
890:
884:
873:, who have adopted Chinese and Malay cultural practices whilst also retaining their Hindu heritage.
11465:
10945:
10858:
10589:
10342:
10292:
10272:
10192:
10177:
10112:
9746:
9276:
8965:
8629:
7878:
7815:
7646:
6387:
6372:
6073:
6013:
5951:
5823:
5607:
4127:
4067:
4040:
2521:
2327:
4467:
4056:"Kajian dialektologi diakronis enklave Melayu Bacan, Ternate, dan Sula di Provinsi Maluku Utara"
1468:
in the early 20th century to facilitate communication between the various groups working in the
11288:
11108:
11033:
10973:
10910:
10436:
10097:
10002:
9957:
9897:
9758:
9564:
8779:
8690:
8667:
8065:
7964:
7679:
7114:
6955:
6710:
5697:
5582:
5567:
5466:
4475:
4374:
4181:
4055:
4026:
3912:"Developing a role for Kupang Malay: the contemporary politics of an eastern Indonesian creole"
3796:"Beberapa Catatan Tentang Bahasa Melayu Dili: Studi Awal Mengenai Bahasa Melayu Di Timor Timur"
2921:
2517:
2331:
1513:
1481:
821:
10407:
4272:
4186:"Language Contact and Metatypic Restructuring in the Directional System of North Maluku Malay"
4028:
Kajian dialektologi diakronis enklave Melayu Bacan, Ternate, dan Sula di Provinsi Maluku Utara
3795:
3048:
11134:
10815:
10317:
10197:
9942:
9795:
9689:
9074:
8263:
8002:
7977:
7949:
6998:
6717:
6587:
5871:
5750:
5682:
3243:
2989:
2969:
11343:
11246:
10968:
10950:
10692:
10671:
10262:
9952:
9783:
9773:
9336:
9209:
8637:
8090:
8045:
7684:
7548:
7292:
7222:
6983:
6592:
6552:
6086:
6050:
6035:
5861:
5853:
5838:
5745:
5672:
5667:
5627:
5577:
5473:
5351:
4800:
4574:
3359:
2889:
2883:
2870:
2754:
1237:
1187:
1099:
962:
918:
745:
Betawi Malay is a popular informal language in contemporary Indonesia, used as the base of
3748:
767:, there is no clear border distinguishing Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian from Betawi Malay.
8:
11399:
11321:
11316:
11229:
11204:
10920:
10868:
10833:
10666:
10560:
10451:
10297:
10242:
9987:
9842:
9817:
9463:
9436:
9223:
8404:
8243:
7785:
7352:
7232:
7044:
6895:
6696:
6506:
6199:
6171:
6040:
5995:
5891:
5828:
5780:
5501:
5487:
5480:
5271:
5216:
5072:
4508:
3231:
3001:
2285:
1252:
people from other provinces in Eastern Indonesia and in the province of East Kalimantan.
1111:
930:
785:
778:
635:
141:
4302:"Meet the Chetti Melaka, or Peranakan Indians, striving to save their vanishing culture"
4108:. Tempe: Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Arizona State University. pp. 21–38.
2276:(Bloomfield, 1933; Hall, 1966). Then, in its development, this pidgin language became a
11234:
10634:
10540:
10382:
10347:
10312:
10167:
10147:
10117:
9857:
9473:
9380:
9304:
9298:
9095:
9003:
8932:
8820:
8576:
8533:
8498:
8346:
8331:
8075:
7805:
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7488:
7390:
7322:
7129:
7026:
6800:
6655:
6627:
6562:
6209:
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6151:
6141:
6136:
6066:
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5896:
5632:
5612:
5276:
5236:
5141:
5136:
5100:
5065:
5028:
5001:
4865:
4738:
4665:
4637:
4592:
3554:
Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas
3031:
Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas
2957:
2564:
2367:
1115:
1103:
1034:
700:
631:
129:
9862:
2605:), also known as Nagi, is a Malay-based creole language spoken in the eastern part of
2442:
2192:
1414:
1248:
generation who live in the cities or regencies' capital across those three provinces.
1224:
1072:
613:
388:
11379:
11374:
11364:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11296:
11256:
11174:
11139:
11070:
10885:
10863:
10757:
10656:
10651:
10639:
10629:
10594:
10392:
10357:
10187:
10157:
10027:
9927:
9917:
9778:
9717:
9704:
9597:
9589:
9550:
9506:
9486:
9325:
8947:
8924:
8896:
8810:
8802:
8419:
8379:
8336:
8321:
8248:
8238:
8223:
8218:
7830:
7775:
7699:
7616:
7400:
7362:
7347:
7337:
7237:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7049:
6945:
6940:
6920:
6845:
6770:
6703:
6682:
6675:
6617:
6607:
6547:
6542:
6496:
6475:
6458:
6329:
6319:
6121:
6000:
5933:
5881:
5876:
5818:
5760:
5740:
5720:
5715:
5677:
5652:
5617:
5602:
5572:
5529:
5519:
5419:
5361:
5311:
5266:
5241:
5231:
5196:
5176:
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5118:
5046:
4858:
4827:
4779:
4708:
4703:
4607:
4561:
4537:
4384:
4350:
4340:
4281:
4257:
4169:
4161:
4151:
4119:
4109:
4063:
4036:
3880:(in Indonesian). Indonesia: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
3753:
3703:
3432:
3005:
2533:
2068:
1505:
914:
825:
760:
137:
133:
115:
10137:
9977:
5886:
4429:
4322:
Steinhauer, Hein (1991). "Malay in east Indonesia: the case of Larantuka (Flores)".
4206:
Nationalism and regionalism in a colonial context: Minahasa in the Dutch East Indies
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11369:
11311:
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11251:
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10843:
10702:
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10337:
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10252:
10232:
10222:
10182:
10172:
10162:
10107:
10077:
10067:
10022:
9992:
9902:
9867:
9751:
9583:
9544:
9501:
9481:
9458:
9450:
9421:
9357:
9293:
9089:
9059:
9039:
9024:
8904:
8878:
8858:
8815:
8708:
8601:
8586:
8581:
8571:
8548:
8475:
8361:
8356:
8326:
8276:
8183:
8168:
8158:
8143:
8118:
8098:
8055:
8050:
8030:
7863:
7820:
7780:
7732:
7709:
7669:
7651:
7641:
7538:
7523:
7463:
7415:
7327:
7297:
7252:
7197:
7159:
7144:
7109:
7099:
7079:
7013:
6988:
6963:
6925:
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6810:
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6602:
6582:
6577:
6567:
6532:
6470:
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6367:
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6284:
6279:
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6184:
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6126:
5990:
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5921:
5906:
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5707:
5662:
5597:
5562:
5509:
5433:
5411:
5391:
5366:
5301:
5261:
5256:
5246:
5226:
5191:
5151:
5021:
5014:
4996:
4872:
4769:
4713:
4683:
4658:
4551:
4516:
4418:
The Malay Chetty Creole Language Of Malacca A Historical And Linguistic Perspective
4332:
4306:
4247:
4237:
4218:
4143:
3743:
3636:
3567:
3511:
3098:
3063:
2965:
2846:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2019:
1501:
1437:
1311:
1091:
1001:
993:
933:
of Southern Sri Lanka, which has traditionally been home to many Sri Lankan Malays.
922:
898:
746:
704:
3194:
2064:. It was first brought by traders from Western Indonesia, then developed when the
11389:
11384:
11306:
11301:
11271:
11239:
11209:
10900:
10890:
10744:
10712:
10707:
10697:
10644:
10582:
10575:
10524:
10367:
10282:
10277:
10217:
10122:
10087:
10082:
10072:
10062:
10017:
10007:
9997:
9937:
9932:
9912:
9907:
9738:
9712:
9602:
9557:
9521:
9511:
9426:
9395:
9189:
9169:
9132:
9128:
9084:
9069:
9054:
8975:
8937:
8914:
8848:
8843:
8792:
8787:
8764:
8741:
8657:
8642:
8596:
8538:
8528:
8503:
8442:
8414:
8394:
8389:
8341:
8291:
8281:
8208:
8198:
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8173:
8163:
8153:
8128:
8103:
8080:
8070:
8040:
8025:
8020:
8015:
7992:
7934:
7853:
7825:
7810:
7795:
7747:
7737:
7714:
7704:
7694:
7631:
7621:
7596:
7576:
7543:
7533:
7528:
7518:
7503:
7498:
7483:
7430:
7425:
7410:
7385:
7357:
7307:
7302:
7282:
7247:
7242:
7227:
7202:
7179:
7154:
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7134:
7124:
7094:
7021:
6915:
6905:
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6825:
6815:
6795:
6790:
6760:
6689:
6650:
6622:
6612:
6557:
6537:
6516:
6486:
6481:
6464:
6453:
6407:
6357:
6324:
6314:
6232:
6227:
6217:
6194:
6161:
6103:
6059:
6006:
5866:
5833:
5803:
5657:
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5642:
5637:
5557:
5534:
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5376:
5371:
5356:
5336:
5326:
5321:
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5221:
5181:
4914:
4785:
4582:
3570:. Jakarta Field Station of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
2993:
2740:
2650:
2626:
2592:
2586:
2359:
2277:
2273:
2137:
2049:
1541:
1521:
1493:
1473:
1378:
1353:
1341:
1174:
1095:
1026:
751:
724:
717:
570:
544:
525:
345:
83:
75:
7084:
2455:
11199:
11085:
11075:
11054:
10853:
10570:
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10480:
10475:
10397:
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10202:
10152:
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9982:
9922:
9882:
9877:
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9852:
9832:
9812:
9649:
9616:
9516:
9444:
9370:
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9310:
9199:
9174:
9164:
9154:
9064:
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9034:
8980:
8868:
8853:
8769:
8759:
8736:
8713:
8698:
8680:
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8611:
8591:
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8113:
8108:
7982:
7939:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7906:
7896:
7886:
7868:
7858:
7848:
7757:
7752:
7689:
7636:
7626:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7571:
7440:
7435:
7420:
7332:
7312:
7277:
7262:
7257:
7207:
7149:
7069:
7004:
6978:
6890:
6855:
6835:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6572:
6402:
6392:
6352:
6294:
6289:
6146:
6027:
5961:
5956:
5926:
5901:
5843:
5813:
5770:
5755:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5587:
5396:
5346:
5331:
5316:
5296:
5251:
5211:
5206:
5186:
5161:
5156:
5126:
5007:
4971:
4909:
4886:
4602:
4140:
Diasporas and Interculturalism in Asian Performing Arts: Translating Traditions
4106:
Papers from the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
3641:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. pp. xi.
3500:"Some introductory notes on the development and characteristics of Sabah Malay"
2981:
2933:
2929:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2775:
2721:
2658:
2614:
2301:
2289:
2268:
especially in the Kampung Alor area. According to experts, before becoming the
2206:
2072:
2057:
2045:
2041:
2035:
1864:
Bacan (next) is perhaps the most archaic, and appears to be closely related to
1423:
1363:
1349:
1183:
1151:
1082:
906:
829:
749:
and commonly spoken in Jakarta TV soap operas and some animated cartoons (e.g.
727:, also known as Betawi Malay, Jakartan Malay, or Batavian Malay, is the spoken
401:
4285:
3997:
3911:
3772:
3613:
3530:
3476:
3451:
3171:
3067:
11434:
11394:
11189:
10930:
10915:
10905:
10730:
10460:
10402:
10362:
10352:
10327:
10322:
10142:
10047:
10037:
9800:
9526:
9496:
9491:
9401:
9385:
9320:
9079:
9029:
9008:
8970:
8957:
8942:
8886:
8863:
8838:
8718:
8703:
8675:
8619:
8566:
8518:
8508:
8447:
8316:
8311:
8301:
8296:
8228:
8213:
8148:
8123:
8060:
8035:
8010:
7987:
7972:
7954:
7944:
7800:
7611:
7601:
7566:
7513:
7508:
7405:
7395:
7380:
7287:
7272:
7267:
7119:
7089:
7074:
7059:
7054:
6973:
6935:
6910:
6900:
6885:
6805:
6780:
6775:
6725:
6597:
6527:
6521:
6501:
6447:
6442:
6397:
6334:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6271:
6131:
5808:
5765:
5592:
5524:
5514:
5459:
5401:
5386:
5341:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5131:
5108:
5086:
5036:
4894:
4852:
4774:
4733:
4693:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4412:
4354:
3820:
2977:
2622:
2572:
2269:
2202:
2118:
2080:
1525:
1509:
1469:
1322:
732:
703:
in their vocabulary, and Medan (North Sumatran) Chinese-Indonesian have more
521:
176:, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.
157:
4165:
4123:
3196:
Towards an account of information structure in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian
1094:
as a trade language, also spoken in south Palawan. There are loanwords from
10895:
10805:
10519:
10497:
10092:
9962:
9408:
9315:
9228:
9194:
9184:
9044:
8985:
8909:
8490:
8306:
7891:
7742:
7493:
7342:
7104:
6968:
6930:
6880:
5381:
4627:
4587:
2953:
2947:
2913:
2909:
2858:
2850:
2782:
2717:
2646:
2640:
2568:
2556:
2550:
2076:
2065:
2053:
1865:
1517:
1489:
1477:
1370:
1107:
513:
4274:
The Malay contact varieties of eastern Indonesia: A typological comparison
4147:
3652:
3589:
3516:
3499:
3296:
3125:
2426:
2176:
1398:
1236:
is a creole-based mixed language, which is built of Bazaar Malay lexicon,
1208:
1118:
as well as other ethnic native languages of Sabah & North Kalimantan.
1056:
597:
372:
11194:
11002:
10825:
10787:
10782:
10492:
10470:
10465:
10441:
9972:
9967:
9892:
9887:
9536:
9416:
9234:
9159:
6765:
4678:
4673:
4612:
4556:
2985:
2892:(also known as Ternate Malay) is a Malay-based creole language spoken on
2559:
or simply the Kupang language is a Malay-based creole language spoken in
2265:
1497:
1374:
9658:
4336:
3150:
3103:
264:, was used for multiple functions, including direct and indirect object.
183:'its owner, to have'; another was that plural pronouns were formed with
11124:
10772:
9947:
9629:
9390:
9375:
9242:
9149:
4919:
4252:
3825:
3777:
3712:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3618:
3535:
3481:
3456:
3441:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3391:
3333:
3176:
2961:
2845:
is a variety of Malay-based creole language which is generally used by
2015:
2010:
1761:
1747:
1733:
1714:
1700:
1686:
1668:
926:
539:
4223:
3702:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
3552:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Darrell T., Tryon, eds. (1996).
3431:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
3029:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Darrell T., Tryon, eds. (1996).
2512:
Gorap is a Malay-based creole language predominantly spoken by Gorap (
11184:
11179:
11149:
10752:
10565:
10487:
10446:
9365:
3848:"Mengungkap Keindahan Alam Kampung Nelayan Bobaneigo Halmahera Barat"
3708:
3437:
2905:
2828:
2816:
2802:
2707:
2662:
2610:
2435:
2419:
2405:
2317:
2185:
2169:
2108:
2061:
1537:
1407:
1391:
1297:
1217:
1201:
1137:
1065:
1049:
894:
870:
817:
740:
606:
590:
517:
509:
434:
421:
413:
381:
365:
326:
238:
153:
145:
104:
4242:
2463:
1653:
in some environments, especially when it is at the end of a syllable
1540:
people. The name derives from the boats used for pearling, known as
11144:
10810:
10762:
2503:
2281:
1147:
967:
910:
866:
728:
654:
639:
10502:
3725:
A grammar of Klon: a non-Austronesian language of Alor, Indonesia
3097:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. p. 13, 379.
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
2997:
2916:
for intergroup communications. The local name of the language is
2901:
2893:
2618:
2499:
1485:
1005:
862:
813:
756:
736:
425:
187:'person'. The only Malayic affixes that remained productive were
149:
2575:
for inter-ethnic communication, and it also has native speakers.
804:(Thousand Islands Malay), is a Malay-based creole spoken by the
11359:
10838:
6258:
3998:"Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2023"
3289:
2897:
2654:
2606:
2560:
2470:
2201:
Banda Malay is a distinct variant of Moluccan Malay, spoken in
1533:
1461:
997:
858:
854:
417:
322:
173:
3418:
English in Singapore and Malaysia: Status, features, functions
3326:
3074:
3049:"Malay dialect research in Malaysia: the issue of perspective"
2665:, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is
1426:
or Loloan Malay is a dialect of Malay spoken in the island of
646:(Surabayan language), with a strong emphasis of low Javanese （
11261:
10599:
3367:
NUSA: Linguistic Studies of Languages in and Around Indonesia
3239:
1906:
There are many affixes that the pronunciation is simplified:
989:
2272:
of a number of its speakers, this language was originally a
10609:
2284:
in East Timor, several Dili Malay loanwords originate from
2261:
1783:
1427:
1307:
3949:
2502:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
857:(also known as Indian Peranakans), a distinctive group of
661:
493:
3937:
3890:
3551:
3091:
A Grammar of Baba Malay with Sociophonetic Considerations
3028:
1789:
1664:
the neutralisation of final nasals in part of the lexicon
48:
41:
4142:. Abingdon–New York: RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 144–158.
3903:
3634:
3238:(in Indonesian). Gambaran Umum Daerah Kepulauan Seribu.
4487:
4217:(PhD). LOT Dissertation Series 361. Leiden University.
3392:"APiCS Online - Survey chapter: Singapore Bazaar Malay"
970:
being the lingua franca among the younger generations.
3223:
2292:, with little influences from other native languages.
3927:
3925:
2600:
2475:
Atlas of the World's Languages at Risk of Extinction.
759:, the official name of Jakarta during the era of the
235:'go' was reduced, and became a preposition 'towards'.
3978:
1614:"We will enter the creek at three or four o'clock."
1431:
1285:
1279:
1273:
3966:
3357:
172:. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a
9140:
4074:
3922:
3793:
3742:. Berlin: Language Sciences Press. pp. 5–53.
3230:Maulana, Ridwan; Tawangsih, Multamia R.M. (2009).
2666:
2532:and some of languages spoken in Sulawesi, such as
690:: Search your brother's book in Ling Ling's house.
4097:Allen, Robert B. Jr.; Hayami-Allen, Rika (2002).
4096:
3334:"APiCS Online - Survey chapter: Sri Lankan Malay"
3314:
2260:Dili Malay is a variety of trade Malay spoken in
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
1240:inflections, and mixed Malay/Makassarese syntax.
11432:
4234:Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics No. 3
3891:Sa'diyah, H. W. F. K. (2020). Sudaryanto (ed.).
3229:
2625:of the Nagi people. Then it also functions as a
1443:
688:Kamu cariken bukune koko ndhek rumahe Ling Ling.
444:
4280:. The State University of New York at Buffalo.
4053:
4024:
2876:
820:. This language emerged from a mixture of many
3504:Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
3264:
11018:
9674:
4453:
3213:Indonesian Native Speakers – Myth and Reality
1440:. The current language status is threatened.
49:
3056:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
11129:
6260:Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
3909:
3787:
3740:Alor Pantar languages: History and Typology
3731:
3497:
2469:Gorap language classified as Endangered by
2246:
528:, and other pocket communities in Indonesia
11032:
11025:
11011:
9681:
9667:
4460:
4446:
4321:
3943:
3415:
2462:
1622:
9688:
4378:
4251:
4241:
4222:
4054:Duwila, Ety; Fernandez, Inyo Yos (2009).
4025:Duwila, Ety; Fernandez, Inyo Yos (2009).
3910:Jacob, June; Grimes, Barbara Dix (2006).
3747:
3701:
3515:
3430:
3102:
2928:, which was formed with the influence of
2245: : ants (deviated from Dutch :
937:
771:
3845:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
836:
60:Southeast Asia, South Asia and Australia
9703:
3959:was invoked but never defined (see the
3878:Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
3046:
3042:
3040:
2496:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1643:, or assimilates to the following vowel
14:
11433:
4203:
4180:
3737:
3024:
3022:
2649:, or simply the Manado language, is a
2571:. Kupang Malay is presently used as a
440:Example (spoken in Melaka-Singapore):
11006:
10508:Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien
9662:
9116:
7461:
6257:
4486:
4441:
4368:
4299:
4270:
4213:Kluge, Angela Johanna Helene (2014).
4212:
4080:
3984:
3972:
3749:10.17169/FUDOCS_document_000000020993
3722:
3716:
3377:
3320:
3209:
461:: I waited for him until I got angry.
459:Gua tunggu dia sampai gua k'ee geram.
424:. A typical contact language between
43:Bahasa-bahasa Melayu dagang dan kreol
7462:
4300:Paulo, Derrick A (21 October 2018).
3358:de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (2002).
3037:
2524:regions of the Indonesian island of
2334:regions of Halmahera Island (mainly)
1280:
913:. It is traditionally spoken by the
430:
9117:
4489:Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
4231:
4137:
3954:
3931:
3846:Sudrajat, Adi (17 September 2022).
3814:
3794:Inyo Yos Fernandez (13 June 2013).
3560:
3360:"Sri Lankan Malay: A Unique Creole"
3232:"Bahasa-bahasa di Kepulauan Seribu"
3087:
3019:
2617:which is thought to originate from
1167:Second language: 1.9 million (2000)
676:Ntik kamu pigio ambek cecemu ae ya.
630:from the ethnonym, is spoken among
455:: Slightly provoked, he gets angry.
449:: He likes to come here and gossip.
160:("trade language") that was called
24:
4325:Papers in Austronesian Linguistics
4193:Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
4099:"Orientation in the Spice Islands"
3420:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3416:Platt, John; Weber, Heidi (1980).
3265:Achmad Syalaby (20 January 2016).
3192:
2579:
2528:. It shares vocabulary with other
1727:as this only occur on Kupang Malay
1656:there is a loss of final plosives
877:
471:
467:: Wow! Today he dresses stylishly!
144:established after the rise of the
27:Languages descended from Low Malay
25:
11477:
4398:
2960:spoken in the Indonesian part of
2028:
1255:
1121:
1081:A pidginised variant of standard
755:). The name "Betawi" stems from
465:Oo-wa! Kinajeet, dia pasang kuat.
10768:Malay trade and creole languages
4469:
3955:Cite error: The named reference
3899:. Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Maluku.
3831:
3727:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
3462:
3153:. The Peranakan Resource Library
2946:This section is an excerpt from
2882:This section is an excerpt from
2639:This section is an excerpt from
2585:This section is an excerpt from
2549:This section is an excerpt from
2034:This section is an excerpt from
1449:This section is an excerpt from
883:This section is an excerpt from
842:This section is an excerpt from
777:This section is an excerpt from
716:This section is an excerpt from
89:Malay trade and creole languages
42:
35:Malay trade and creole languages
11441:Malay-based pidgins and creoles
9723:comparison with British English
4423:
4371:Prosody in Indonesian Languages
4047:
4018:
3990:
3893:"Laporan Fonologi Bahasa Gorap"
3884:
3866:
3839:
3766:
3704:"Eastern Indonesia Trade Malay"
3695:
3670:
3645:
3628:
3607:
3582:
3545:
3524:
3491:
3470:
3445:
3424:
3409:
3351:
3273:(in Indonesian). Archived from
3258:
2940:
2633:
2629:for several nearby communities.
2543:
1871:There is a loss of diphthongs:
710:
623:
241:constructions were formed with
4090:
3678:"Australian pearling industry"
3203:
3186:
3165:
3143:
3118:
2567:, which is on the west end of
2516:) ethnic group, indigenous to
2087:
2083:in Ambon and its surroundings.
973:
642:and surrounding areas, called
453:Keliap-keliap, dia naik angin.
295:'Ardi is hit by Dani' becomes
13:
1:
4005:www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id
3012:
2675:
2255:
2004:
1458:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
1451:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
1444:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
446:Dia suka datang sini sembang.
302:
3498:Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2011).
3267:"Menjaga Warisan Orang Pulo"
2877:Ternate/North Moluccan Malay
2609:in Indonesia, especially in
1019:3 million L2 speakers (2013)
851:Malay Chetty creole language
844:Malay Chetty creole language
678:: Go with your sister, okay?
289:(lit. 'I give a hit to him')
260:A single preposition, often
7:
4104:. In Macken, Marlys (ed.).
3854:(in Indonesian). Kompasiana
3638:Kamus Melayu Bali-Indonesia
2958:Malay-based creole language
1868:(which is still a creole).
1508:descent, a small number of
10:
11482:
4409:by William Gwee Thian Hock
4035:(Thesis) (in Indonesian).
3957:Larantuka Malay Ethnologue
3088:Lee, Nala Huiying (2014).
3047:Collins, James T. (1989).
2945:
2881:
2679:
2638:
2584:
2548:
2299:
2075:and was used as a tool by
2033:
2008:
1963:in the last end of words:
1790:
1448:
1286:
882:
841:
776:
715:
550:other Indonesian ethnicity
490:Bahasa Indonesia Peranakan
433:variant is also spoken in
279:(lit. 'I have that house')
50:بهاس٢ ملايو داݢڠ دان کريول
11420:Singaporean Sign Language
11412:
11352:
11287:
11220:
11165:
11158:
11117:
11098:
11063:
11047:
11040:
10986:
10961:
10938:
10929:
10874:comparison with Malaysian
10824:
10798:
10743:
10723:
10685:
10620:
10553:
10429:
10420:
10036:
9841:
9825:
9811:
9737:
9696:
9646:
9625:Indonesian Sign Languages
9615:
9576:
9535:
9472:
9435:
9356:
9349:
9265:Other creoles and pidgins
9264:
9127:
9123:
9112:
9017:
8994:
8956:
8923:
8895:
8877:
8829:
8801:
8778:
8750:
8727:
8689:
8666:
8628:
8610:
8557:
8489:
8456:
8433:
8370:
8262:
8089:
8001:
7963:
7905:
7877:
7839:
7766:
7723:
7660:
7557:
7474:
7470:
7457:
7371:
7188:
7035:
7012:
6997:
6954:
6734:
6636:
6343:
6270:
6266:
6253:
6208:
6170:
6112:
6094:
6085:
5942:
5852:
5794:
5706:
5543:
5442:
5410:
5117:
5045:
4528:
4499:
4495:
4482:
4215:A Grammar of Papuan Malay
3068:10.1163/22134379-90003253
2857:in the southwest part of
2826:
2814:
2809:
2793:
2788:
2772:
2737:
2727:
2713:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2482:
2461:
2449:
2433:
2417:
2412:
2396:
2391:
2356:
2346:
2338:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2183:
2167:
2162:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2094:
1613:
1466:Broome, Western Australia
1405:
1389:
1384:
1360:
1338:
1334:25,000 (2000 census)
1328:
1318:
1303:
1293:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1215:
1199:
1194:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1133:
1128:
1063:
1047:
1042:
1023:
1011:
985:
980:
897:, formed as a mixture of
604:
588:
583:
567:
557:
532:
505:
488:
483:
478:
395:
379:
363:
358:
342:
332:
318:
309:
114:
102:
97:
72:
64:
56:
39:
34:
10993:Nearly extinct languages
9288:Flores Creole Portuguese
9272:Arabic-Javanese of Klego
4271:Paauw, Scott H. (2009).
3151:"BABA / PERANAKAN MALAY"
2613:. It is a derivative of
2295:
2044:or simply Ambonese is a
1583:English: "three o'clock"
885:Sri Lanka Malay language
670:Yak apa kabarnya si Eli?
297:Ardi kena pukul dek Dani
10946:Malaysian Sign Language
9277:Bidau Creole Portuguese
4406:A Baba Malay Dictionary
4068:Universitas Gadjah Mada
4041:Universitas Gadjah Mada
3897:Metode Dan Aneka Teknik
3783:(subscription required)
3624:(subscription required)
3541:(subscription required)
3487:(subscription required)
3297:"Malaccan Malay Creole"
3182:(subscription required)
3000:has been influenced by
2751:Eastern Indonesia Malay
2733:170,000 (2023 estimate)
2667:
2601:
2372:Eastern Indonesia Malay
2241:
2233:
2225:
2217:
1623:Eastern Indonesia Malay
1593:English: "four o'clock"
1482:Torres Strait Islanders
1432:
1274:
903:Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil
802:Melayu Kepulauan Seribu
796:alternatively known as
662:
494:
445:
198:Other common features:
11461:Languages of Singapore
11456:Languages of Australia
11446:Languages of Indonesia
11034:Languages of Singapore
10974:Selangor Sign Language
10093:Bruneian/Kedayan Malay
9898:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
9565:Modern Standard Arabic
4476:Languages of Indonesia
4208:. Leiden: KITLV Press.
4204:Henley, David (1996).
3723:Baird, Louise (2008).
2922:Indonesian orthography
2484:This article contains
2247:
1784:
1514:Indigenous Australians
1430:. It is also known as
943:Singapore Bazaar Malay
938:Singapore Bazaar Malay
822:languages in Indonesia
808:people inhabiting the
772:Thousand Islands Malay
293:Ardi dipukul oleh Dani
11451:Languages of Malaysia
10213:Kota Marudu Talantang
9943:Negeri Sembilan Malay
9690:Languages of Malaysia
8372:East Cenderawasih Bay
7675:Casuarina Coast Asmat
4433:: Malay-based creoles
4148:10.4324/9780203641903
3517:10.17510/wjhi.v13i1.9
3244:Universitas Indonesia
2970:Indonesian New Guinea
837:Malaccan Creole Malay
684:: Please have a meal!
682:Nih, makanen sakadae.
666:: Don't act that way!
11099:Indigenous languages
10969:Penang Sign Language
10951:Manually Coded Malay
9210:North Moluccan Malay
6087:Philippine languages
4552:Anambas-Natuna Malay
4133:on 25 December 2022.
2956:or Irian Malay is a
2890:North Moluccan Malay
2884:North Moluccan Malay
2871:North Moluccan Malay
2755:North Moluccan Malay
1100:Sama-Bajau languages
919:Javanese Sri Lankans
663:Kamu mbok ojok gitu!
484:Peranakan Indonesian
285:'I hit him' becomes
11159:Immigrant languages
10452:Malaysian Cantonese
10208:Klias River Kadazan
9350:Immigrant languages
9142:Malay-based creoles
6114:Gorontalo-Mongondow
4337:10.15144/PL-A81.177
4060:Tesis S2 Linguistik
4033:Tesis S2 Linguistik
3802:(in Indonesian) (1)
3568:"Makassarese Malay"
3271:www.republika.co.id
3210:Kozok, Uli (2016),
3002:Standard Indonesian
2847:multiethnic society
2795:Recognised minority
2748:Malay-based creole
2398:Recognised minority
2145:Malay-based creole
2100:Banda Islands Malay
1955:The loss of middle
931:Hambantota District
786:Orang Pulo language
779:Orang Pulo language
653:Example (spoken in
632:Chinese-Indonesians
563:(20,000 cited 1981)
275:'my house' becomes
128:In addition to its
10799:Mixed & Others
10541:Malaysian Mandarin
9337:Pidgin Tukang Besi
9299:Judeo-Manado Malay
6096:Central Philippine
5444:Northwest Sumatra–
4724:Kotawaringin Malay
4679:Jaring Halus Malay
3852:www.kompasiana.com
3277:on 23 October 2022
3114:on 25 August 2015.
2964:. It emerged as a
2694:Sula–Taliabu Malay
2565:East Nusa Tenggara
2368:Malay-based creole
2352:(1,000 cited 1992)
1464:that sprang up in
578:Malay-based creole
420:(in Malaysia) and
353:Malay-based creole
325:(in Malaysia) and
287:Aku kasi pukul dia
11428:
11427:
11408:
11407:
11094:
11093:
11000:
10999:
10990:Extinct languages
10982:
10981:
10739:
10738:
10416:
10415:
10248:Mainstream Kenyah
9733:
9732:
9656:
9655:
9650:extinct languages
9642:
9641:
9638:
9637:
9611:
9610:
9551:Indonesian Arabic
9345:
9344:
9260:
9259:
9108:
9107:
9104:
9103:
7915:Grand Valley Dani
7768:South Bird's Head
7559:Timor–Alor–Pantar
7453:
7452:
7449:
7448:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6240:
4689:Kapuas Hulu Malay
4500:Official language
4390:978-90-78328-44-5
4062:(in Indonesian).
3944:Steinhauer (1991)
3829:(22nd ed., 2019)
3781:(18th ed., 2015)
3653:"Malay, Balinese"
3622:(18th ed., 2015)
3590:"Malay, Makassar"
3539:(18th ed., 2015)
3485:(18th ed., 2015)
3460:(17th ed., 2013)
3433:"Vehicular Malay"
3396:apics-online.info
3338:apics-online.info
3180:(18th ed., 2015)
2873:(Ternate Malay).
2840:
2839:
2657:, the capital of
2510:
2509:
2492:rendering support
2488:phonetic symbols.
2199:
2198:
2130:3,700 (2000)
2062:Eastern Indonesia
2018:is spoken in the
1618:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1421:
1420:
1231:
1230:
1079:
1078:
921:, and among some
915:Sri Lankan Malays
812:off the coast of
800:(Mixed Malay) or
761:Dutch East Indies
626:, locally called
620:
619:
501:
412:is spoken by the
407:
406:
338:2,000 (2014)
314:
212:Reduced forms of
142:regional dialects
126:
125:
16:(Redirected from
11473:
11163:
11162:
11118:Creole languages
11105:Johor-Riau Malay
11045:
11044:
11027:
11020:
11013:
11004:
11003:
10936:
10935:
10536:Mandarin Chinese
10427:
10426:
10023:Terengganu Malay
9823:
9822:
9701:
9700:
9683:
9676:
9669:
9660:
9659:
9592:
9567:
9560:
9553:
9453:
9451:Indonesian Dutch
9411:
9404:
9354:
9353:
9262:
9261:
9251:
9237:
9218:
9138:
9137:
9125:
9124:
9114:
9113:
8179:Kwerba Mamberamo
7841:East Bird's Head
7725:West Bird's Head
7472:
7471:
7464:Papuan languages
7459:
7458:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6512:Lisabata-Nuniali
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6268:
6267:
6255:
6254:
6092:
6091:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6030:
6023:
6016:
6009:
5985:
5553:Aralle-Tabulahan
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5428:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4795:
4788:
4754:
4747:
4668:
4661:
4577:
4570:
4546:
4519:
4511:
4497:
4496:
4484:
4483:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4394:
4382:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4330:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4279:
4267:
4255:
4245:
4228:
4226:
4209:
4200:
4190:
4177:
4134:
4132:
4126:. Archived from
4103:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4002:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3751:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3388:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3107:. Archived from
3106:
3096:
3085:
3072:
3071:
3062:(2/3): 235–264.
3053:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3006:standard dialect
2968:among tribes in
2966:contact language
2819:
2797:language in
2778:
2743:
2686:
2685:
2670:
2604:
2602:Melayu Larantuka
2530:Papuan languages
2466:
2445:
2429:
2422:
2400:language in
2362:
2306:
2305:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2195:
2179:
2172:
2140:
2092:
2091:
2020:Alor archipelago
1793:
1787:
1608:English: "creek"
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1547:
1546:
1542:pearling luggers
1516:, mainly of the
1438:Jembrana Regency
1435:
1417:
1401:
1394:
1366:
1344:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1260:
1259:
1227:
1211:
1204:
1177:
1126:
1125:
1092:Sulu Archipelago
1075:
1059:
1052:
1029:
1002:North Kalimantan
994:Sulu Archipelago
978:
977:
945:, also known as
909:being the major
891:Sri Lankan Malay
861:found mainly in
810:Thousand Islands
790:logat Orang Pulo
747:Indonesian slang
665:
616:
600:
593:
573:
499:
497:
476:
475:
448:
391:
375:
368:
348:
312:
307:
306:
228:) before a noun.
146:Srivijaya empire
122:
107:
78:
52:
51:
45:
32:
31:
21:
11481:
11480:
11476:
11475:
11474:
11472:
11471:
11470:
11431:
11430:
11429:
11424:
11404:
11348:
11283:
11216:
11154:
11113:
11090:
11059:
11036:
11031:
11001:
10996:
10978:
10957:
10925:
10820:
10794:
10735:
10719:
10681:
10622:
10616:
10576:Malaysian Tamil
10549:
10422:
10412:
10133:Eastern Kadazan
10113:Coastal Kadazan
10039:
10032:
9844:
9837:
9816:
9807:
9729:
9692:
9687:
9657:
9652:
9634:
9607:
9588:
9572:
9563:
9558:Hadhrami Arabic
9556:
9549:
9531:
9468:
9449:
9431:
9407:
9400:
9341:
9256:
9247:
9233:
9214:
9190:Larantuka Malay
9180:Gorontalo Malay
9119:
9118:Other languages
9100:
9013:
8996:Lower Mamberamo
8990:
8952:
8919:
8891:
8873:
8825:
8797:
8774:
8746:
8723:
8685:
8662:
8624:
8606:
8553:
8485:
8452:
8429:
8366:
8258:
8085:
7997:
7959:
7901:
7873:
7835:
7762:
7719:
7656:
7553:
7476:North Halmahera
7466:
7445:
7373:Western Oceanic
7367:
7318:Southeast Babar
7218:Dawera-Daweloor
7184:
7031:
7008:
6993:
6950:
6737:
6730:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6632:
6497:Larike-Wakasihu
6435:Rohomoni-Kabauw
6433:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6339:
6262:
6237:
6204:
6166:
6108:
6081:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5981:
5938:
5848:
5790:
5702:
5539:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5446:Barrier Islands
5445:
5438:
5424:
5406:
5113:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5041:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4915:Pontianak Malay
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4791:
4784:
4750:
4743:
4664:
4657:
4573:
4566:
4542:
4530:Malayo-Sumbawan
4524:
4515:
4507:
4491:
4478:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4426:
4401:
4391:
4380:10.1.1.464.9608
4359:
4357:
4347:
4328:
4312:
4310:
4290:
4288:
4277:
4264:
4243:10.15144/PL-A78
4188:
4158:
4130:
4116:
4101:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4052:
4048:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3983:
3979:
3971:
3967:
3956:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3889:
3885:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3844:
3840:
3830:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3773:Bandanese Malay
3771:
3767:
3760:
3736:
3732:
3721:
3717:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3682:Britannica Kids
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3529:
3525:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3450:
3446:
3429:
3425:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3378:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3172:Peranakan Malay
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3094:
3086:
3075:
3051:
3045:
3038:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3004:, the national
2994:Southwest Papua
2951:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2887:
2879:
2815:
2805:
2798:
2796:
2789:Official status
2779:
2774:
2768:
2744:
2741:Language family
2739:
2730:
2729:Native speakers
2684:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2651:creole language
2644:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2627:second language
2593:Larantuka Malay
2590:
2587:Larantuka Malay
2582:
2580:Larantuka Malay
2577:
2576:
2554:
2546:
2490:Without proper
2478:
2477:
2441:
2425:
2418:
2408:
2401:
2399:
2392:Official status
2387:
2363:
2360:Language family
2358:
2349:
2348:Native speakers
2304:
2298:
2278:creole language
2274:pidgin language
2258:
2212:Example :
2191:
2175:
2168:
2158:
2148:East Indonesian
2141:
2138:Language family
2136:
2127:
2126:Native speakers
2090:
2085:
2084:
2050:creole language
2039:
2031:
2013:
2007:
1875:the diphthong "
1625:
1620:
1619:
1472:industry there—
1454:
1446:
1413:
1397:
1390:
1379:Balinese script
1377:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1345:
1342:Language family
1340:
1331:
1330:Native speakers
1310:(especially in
1284:
1281:بهاس ملايو بالي
1278:
1258:
1223:
1207:
1200:
1190:
1178:
1175:Language family
1173:
1166:
1160:
1159:Native speakers
1124:
1071:
1055:
1048:
1038:
1030:
1027:Language family
1025:
1018:
1014:
1013:Native speakers
976:
940:
935:
934:
888:
880:
878:Sri Lanka Malay
875:
874:
847:
839:
834:
833:
824:, particularly
798:Melayu Campuran
782:
774:
769:
768:
752:Adit Sopo Jarwo
721:
718:Betawi language
713:
644:Basa Suroboyoan
612:
596:
589:
579:
574:
571:Language family
569:
560:
559:Native speakers
553:
526:West Kalimantan
498:
492:
479:Baba Indonesian
474:
472:Baba Indonesian
431:Baba Indonesian
387:
371:
364:
354:
349:
346:Language family
344:
335:
334:Native speakers
311:
305:
277:Aku punya rumah
120:
103:
93:
79:
76:Language family
74:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11479:
11469:
11468:
11466:Malay dialects
11463:
11458:
11453:
11448:
11443:
11426:
11425:
11423:
11422:
11416:
11414:
11413:Sign languages
11410:
11409:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11356:
11354:
11350:
11349:
11347:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11331:
11326:
11325:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11304:
11299:
11293:
11291:
11285:
11284:
11282:
11281:
11280:
11279:
11274:
11269:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11244:
11243:
11242:
11237:
11226:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11214:
11213:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11171:
11169:
11160:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11121:
11119:
11115:
11114:
11112:
11111:
11106:
11102:
11100:
11096:
11095:
11092:
11091:
11089:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11067:
11065:
11061:
11060:
11058:
11057:
11051:
11049:
11042:
11041:Main languages
11038:
11037:
11030:
11029:
11022:
11015:
11007:
10998:
10997:
10995:
10994:
10991:
10987:
10984:
10983:
10980:
10979:
10977:
10976:
10971:
10965:
10963:
10959:
10958:
10956:
10955:
10954:
10953:
10942:
10940:
10933:
10927:
10926:
10924:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10830:
10828:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10818:
10813:
10808:
10802:
10800:
10796:
10795:
10793:
10792:
10791:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10749:
10747:
10741:
10740:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10733:
10727:
10725:
10721:
10720:
10718:
10717:
10716:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10689:
10687:
10683:
10682:
10680:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10648:
10647:
10637:
10632:
10626:
10624:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10587:
10586:
10585:
10580:
10579:
10578:
10568:
10557:
10555:
10551:
10550:
10548:
10547:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10543:
10533:
10532:
10531:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10527:
10517:
10516:
10515:
10513:Penang Hokkien
10510:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10484:
10483:
10478:
10463:
10458:
10457:
10456:
10455:
10454:
10433:
10431:
10424:
10418:
10417:
10414:
10413:
10411:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10343:Selungai Murut
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10293:Punan Bah-Biau
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10273:Nonukan Tidong
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10193:Keningau Murut
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10044:
10042:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9849:
9847:
9839:
9838:
9836:
9835:
9829:
9827:
9820:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9805:
9804:
9803:
9793:
9792:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9756:
9755:
9754:
9743:
9741:
9735:
9734:
9731:
9730:
9728:
9727:
9726:
9725:
9715:
9709:
9707:
9698:
9694:
9693:
9686:
9685:
9678:
9671:
9663:
9654:
9653:
9647:
9644:
9643:
9640:
9639:
9636:
9635:
9633:
9632:
9627:
9621:
9619:
9617:Sign languages
9613:
9612:
9609:
9608:
9606:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9594:
9593:
9580:
9578:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9569:
9568:
9561:
9554:
9541:
9539:
9537:Middle Eastern
9533:
9532:
9530:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9478:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9467:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9441:
9439:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9413:
9412:
9405:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9362:
9360:
9351:
9347:
9346:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9302:
9296:
9291:
9285:
9280:
9274:
9268:
9266:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9240:
9239:
9238:
9226:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9207:
9202:
9200:Makassar Malay
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9165:Balinese Malay
9162:
9157:
9155:Ambonese Malay
9152:
9146:
9144:
9135:
9121:
9120:
9110:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9098:
9093:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9021:
9019:
9015:
9014:
9012:
9011:
9006:
9000:
8998:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8966:Ngkolmpu Kanum
8962:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8929:
8927:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8901:
8899:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8883:
8881:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8835:
8833:
8827:
8826:
8824:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8807:
8805:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8795:
8790:
8784:
8782:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8756:
8754:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8744:
8739:
8733:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8695:
8693:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8678:
8672:
8670:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8634:
8632:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8616:
8614:
8608:
8607:
8605:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8563:
8561:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8495:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8462:
8460:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8450:
8445:
8439:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8376:
8374:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8268:
8266:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8007:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7969:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7911:
7909:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7883:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7845:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7772:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7666:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7647:Western Pantar
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7563:
7561:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7480:
7478:
7468:
7467:
7455:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7194:
7192:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7018:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7003:
7001:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6653:
6648:
6642:
6640:
6638:Flores–Lembata
6634:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6468:
6462:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6345:Central Maluku
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6264:
6263:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6214:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6176:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6010:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5948:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5858:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5608:Highland Konjo
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5547:
5545:South Sulawesi
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5450:
5448:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5051:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4850:
4848:Mempawah Malay
4845:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4748:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4719:Ketapang Malay
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4662:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Belitung Malay
4600:
4598:Batubara Malay
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4571:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4503:
4501:
4493:
4492:
4480:
4479:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4400:
4399:External links
4397:
4396:
4395:
4389:
4366:
4345:
4319:
4297:
4268:
4262:
4229:
4210:
4201:
4178:
4156:
4135:
4114:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4073:
4046:
4017:
3989:
3987:, p. 117.
3977:
3965:
3948:
3946:, p. 180.
3936:
3934:, p. 145.
3921:
3902:
3883:
3874:"Bahasa Gorap"
3865:
3838:
3813:
3786:
3765:
3758:
3730:
3715:
3694:
3669:
3644:
3627:
3614:Balinese Malay
3606:
3581:
3559:
3556:. p. 682.
3544:
3531:Makassar Malay
3523:
3490:
3469:
3444:
3423:
3408:
3376:
3350:
3325:
3313:
3288:
3257:
3222:
3202:
3193:Bowden, John.
3185:
3164:
3142:
3117:
3073:
3036:
3033:. p. 673.
3017:
3016:
3014:
3011:
2982:Highland Papua
2952:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2930:Ambonese Malay
2888:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2867:Dutch language
2863:Ambonese Malay
2855:Taliabu Island
2838:
2837:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2810:Language codes
2807:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2776:Writing system
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2747:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:Taliabu Island
2715:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2704:Native to
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2680:Main article:
2677:
2674:
2659:North Sulawesi
2645:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2555:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2508:
2507:
2494:, you may see
2480:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2413:Language codes
2410:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2375:Manadoic Malay
2366:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2314:Native to
2311:
2310:
2302:Gorap language
2300:Main article:
2297:
2294:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2163:Language codes
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:Native to
2102:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2073:Maluku Islands
2058:Maluku Islands
2042:Ambonese Malay
2040:
2036:Ambonese Malay
2032:
2030:
2029:Ambonese Malay
2027:
2009:Main article:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1885:the diphthong
1883:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1794:
1777:
1776:
1758:
1744:
1730:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1665:
1654:
1644:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:Japanese: "or"
1595:
1590:
1588:Japanese: "or"
1585:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1455:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1424:Balinese Malay
1419:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1385:Language codes
1382:
1381:
1368:
1364:Writing system
1361:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:Native to
1291:
1290:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:Balinese Malay
1257:
1256:Balinese Malay
1254:
1234:Makassar Malay
1229:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1195:Language codes
1192:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:South Sulawesi
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:Native to
1131:
1130:
1129:Makassar Malay
1123:
1122:Makassar Malay
1120:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1043:Language codes
1040:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
987:
983:
982:
975:
972:
939:
936:
889:
881:
879:
876:
848:
840:
838:
835:
783:
775:
773:
770:
722:
714:
712:
709:
692:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
618:
617:
610:
602:
601:
594:
586:
585:
584:Language codes
581:
580:
577:
575:
568:
565:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
552:
551:
548:
542:
536:
534:
530:
529:
507:
503:
502:
495:Basa Peranakan
486:
485:
481:
480:
473:
470:
469:
468:
462:
456:
450:
405:
404:
399:
393:
392:
385:
377:
376:
369:
361:
360:
359:Language codes
356:
355:
352:
350:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
320:
316:
315:
304:
301:
300:
299:
290:
280:
266:
265:
258:
236:
229:
210:
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
108:
100:
99:
98:Language codes
95:
94:
92:
91:
82:
80:
73:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
57:Native to
54:
53:
37:
36:
26:
18:Balinese Malay
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11478:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11438:
11436:
11421:
11418:
11417:
11415:
11411:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11357:
11355:
11351:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11327:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11309:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11294:
11292:
11290:
11286:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11249:
11248:
11245:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11232:
11231:
11228:
11227:
11225:
11223:
11219:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11177:
11176:
11173:
11172:
11170:
11168:
11164:
11161:
11157:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11122:
11120:
11116:
11110:
11109:Orang Seletar
11107:
11104:
11103:
11101:
11097:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11068:
11066:
11062:
11056:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11046:
11043:
11039:
11035:
11028:
11023:
11021:
11016:
11014:
11009:
11008:
11005:
10992:
10989:
10988:
10985:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10960:
10952:
10949:
10948:
10947:
10944:
10943:
10941:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10928:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10875:
10872:
10871:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10859:East Timorese
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10831:
10829:
10827:
10823:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10809:
10807:
10804:
10803:
10801:
10797:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10770:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10750:
10748:
10746:
10742:
10732:
10729:
10728:
10726:
10722:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10695:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10684:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10646:
10643:
10642:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10627:
10625:
10619:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10591:
10590:Indo-European
10588:
10584:
10581:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10563:
10562:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10552:
10542:
10539:
10538:
10537:
10534:
10526:
10523:
10522:
10521:
10518:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10505:
10504:
10501:
10500:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10473:
10472:
10469:
10468:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10453:
10450:
10449:
10448:
10445:
10444:
10443:
10440:
10439:
10438:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10428:
10425:
10419:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10328:Sarawak Malay
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10098:Brunei Bisaya
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10045:
10043:
10041:
10035:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10003:Southern Thai
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9958:Orang Seletar
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9850:
9848:
9846:
9840:
9834:
9831:
9830:
9828:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9814:
9810:
9802:
9799:
9798:
9797:
9794:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9764:North Bornean
9762:
9761:
9760:
9757:
9753:
9750:
9749:
9748:
9747:Austroasiatic
9745:
9744:
9742:
9740:
9736:
9724:
9721:
9720:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9710:
9708:
9706:
9702:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9684:
9679:
9677:
9672:
9670:
9665:
9664:
9661:
9651:
9645:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9620:
9618:
9614:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9591:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9575:
9566:
9562:
9559:
9555:
9552:
9548:
9547:
9546:
9543:
9542:
9540:
9538:
9534:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9477:
9475:
9471:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9452:
9448:
9447:
9446:
9443:
9442:
9440:
9438:
9434:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9410:
9406:
9403:
9399:
9398:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9361:
9359:
9355:
9352:
9348:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9269:
9267:
9263:
9250:
9246:
9245:
9244:
9241:
9236:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9217:
9213:
9212:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9205:Maumere Malay
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9115:
9111:
9097:
9094:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9020:
9016:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8997:
8993:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8959:
8955:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8926:
8922:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8898:
8894:
8888:
8885:
8884:
8882:
8880:
8876:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8834:
8832:
8828:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8804:
8800:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8777:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8753:
8749:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8692:
8688:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8669:
8665:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8631:
8630:South Pauwasi
8627:
8621:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8613:
8609:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8564:
8562:
8560:
8556:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8459:
8458:Demta–Sentani
8455:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8436:
8432:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8373:
8369:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8261:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8088:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7962:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7908:
7904:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7879:West Bomberai
7876:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7765:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7680:Central Asmat
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7659:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7556:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7460:
7456:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7187:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7011:
7006:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6733:
6727:
6724:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6711:South Lembata
6708:
6705:
6701:
6698:
6694:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6635:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6256:
6252:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5984:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5944:North Bornean
5941:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5693:Toraja-Sa’dan
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5583:Coastal Konjo
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:Budong-Budong
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5037:Tamiang Malay
5035:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4992:Sintang Malay
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4982:Serdang Malay
4980:
4978:
4977:Sekadau Malay
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:Sanggau Malay
4965:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Langkat Malay
4763:
4761:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4463:
4458:
4456:
4451:
4449:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4392:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4287:
4283:
4276:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4263:0-85883-382-4
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4199:(2): 133–158.
4198:
4194:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4174:0-700-71586-X
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4157:0-203-64190-6
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4115:1-881044-29-7
4111:
4107:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4082:
4077:
4069:
4066:, Indonesia:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4042:
4039:, Indonesia:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4021:
4006:
3999:
3993:
3986:
3981:
3975:, p. 65.
3974:
3969:
3962:
3952:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3761:
3759:9783944675602
3755:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3710:
3709:Glottolog 3.0
3705:
3698:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3569:
3563:
3555:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3438:Glottolog 3.0
3434:
3427:
3419:
3412:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3245:
3242:, Indonesia:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3215:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3152:
3146:
3131:
3127:
3126:"Malay, Baba"
3121:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:Central Papua
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2669:
2668:bahasa Manado
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2628:
2624:
2623:mother tongue
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2574:
2573:lingua franca
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2390:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:mother tongue
2267:
2263:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:Banda Islands
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2119:Banda Islands
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2082:
2081:lingua franca
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1952:For example:
1948:
1945:, reduces to
1944:
1940:
1938:
1935:, reduces to
1934:
1930:
1928:
1925:, reduces to
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:For example:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:Jabirr Jabirr
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:Hakka Chinese
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1433:Omong Kampong
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1323:Loloan Malays
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1276:
1275:Omong Kampong
1271:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1037:–based pidgin
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
979:
971:
969:
964:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
886:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
780:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
733:Betawi people
730:
726:
719:
708:
706:
705:Hokkien words
702:
698:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
664:
660:
659:
658:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
615:
611:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
592:
587:
582:
576:
572:
566:
562:
556:
549:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:North Sumatra
519:
515:
511:
508:
504:
496:
491:
487:
482:
477:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
447:
443:
442:
441:
438:
436:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
367:
362:
357:
351:
347:
341:
337:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
308:
298:
294:
291:
288:
284:
283:Aku pukul dia
281:
278:
274:
271:
270:
269:
268:For example,
263:
259:
256:
252:
249:'to give' or
248:
244:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
201:
200:
199:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
168:and in Malay
167:
163:
159:
158:lingua franca
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
119:
117:
113:
109:
106:
101:
96:
90:
87:
86:
85:
81:
77:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
46:
44:
38:
33:
30:
19:
11135:Chitty Malay
11130:Bazaar Malay
10778:Chetty Malay
10767:
10520:Chaoshan Min
10498:Southern Min
10437:Sino-Tibetan
10318:Sabah Bisaya
10198:Kinabatangan
10103:Bukar–Sadong
9963:Pahang Malay
9759:Austronesian
9229:Papuan Malay
9195:Manado Malay
9185:Kupang Malay
9141:
8780:Bulaka River
8752:Marind–Yaqai
8729:Kaure–Kosare
8691:West Pauwasi
8668:East Pauwasi
7965:Paniai Lakes
7950:Western Dani
7662:Asmat–Mombum
7037:Sumba–Flores
6956:Kei-Tanimbar
6738:Cenderawasih
6718:West Lembata
6588:Seit-Kaitetu
6305:Kola-Kompane
5872:Bukar Sadong
4962:Sambas Malay
4926:Coastal Riau
4843:Melawi Malay
4760:Landak Malay
4729:Kualuh Malay
4699:Kayong Malay
4588:Bangka Malay
4506:
4430:
4424:Bibliography
4405:
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4324:
4311:. Retrieved
4305:
4289:. Retrieved
4273:
4233:
4214:
4205:
4196:
4192:
4182:Bowden, John
4139:
4128:the original
4105:
4083:, p. 2.
4076:
4059:
4049:
4032:
4027:
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
4004:
3992:
3980:
3973:Paauw (2009)
3968:
3951:
3939:
3915:
3905:
3896:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3851:
3841:
3824:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3799:
3789:
3776:
3768:
3739:
3733:
3724:
3718:
3707:
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3681:
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3656:
3647:
3637:
3630:
3617:
3609:
3597:. Retrieved
3593:
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3562:
3553:
3547:
3534:
3526:
3510:(1): 50–77.
3507:
3503:
3493:
3480:
3472:
3455:
3447:
3436:
3426:
3417:
3411:
3399:. Retrieved
3395:
3370:
3366:
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3337:
3328:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3300:
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3275:the original
3270:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3236:lib.ui.ac.id
3235:
3225:
3219:, p. 15
3212:
3205:
3195:
3188:
3175:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3129:
3120:
3109:the original
3104:10125/101107
3090:
3059:
3055:
3030:
2954:Papuan Malay
2948:Papuan Malay
2941:Papuan Malay
2918:bahasa Pasar
2917:
2914:North Maluku
2910:Sula Islands
2859:North Maluku
2851:Sula Islands
2841:
2834:
2827:
2759:
2718:Sula Islands
2661:province in
2647:Manado Malay
2641:Manado Malay
2634:Manado Malay
2596:
2569:Timor Island
2557:Kupang Malay
2551:Kupang Malay
2544:Kupang Malay
2513:
2511:
2483:
2474:
2434:
2378:
2342:Gorap people
2259:
2211:
2200:
2184:
2151:
2077:missionaries
2066:Dutch Empire
2054:Ambon Island
2024:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1914:reduces to "
1911:
1910:The prefix "
1905:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1879:" become to
1876:
1870:
1866:Brunei Malay
1863:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1754:reduces to
1751:
1741:
1737:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1518:Bardi people
1512:, and local
1456:
1422:
1406:
1371:Latin script
1268:Loloan Malay
1250:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1216:
1163:
1108:Brunei Malay
1086:
1080:
1064:
959:
955:Market Malay
954:
950:
947:Bazaar Malay
946:
942:
941:
901:and Shonam (
859:Tamil people
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
750:
723:
711:Betawi Malay
696:
693:
687:
681:
675:
672:: How's Eli?
669:
652:
647:
643:
627:
621:
605:
514:Central Java
489:
464:
458:
452:
439:
409:
408:
380:
296:
292:
286:
282:
276:
272:
267:
261:
254:
250:
246:
242:
232:
225:
221:
220:'that' (>
217:
213:
202:
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
178:
170:Melayu Pasar
169:
165:
162:Bazaar Malay
161:
140:had various
127:
88:
40:
29:
11344:Minangkabau
10788:Sabah Malay
10783:Cocos Malay
10672:Minangkabau
10623:archipelago
10493:Pu-Xian Min
10471:Eastern Min
10421:Significant
10263:Murik Kayan
9973:Reman Malay
9968:Perak Malay
9953:Orang Kanaq
9893:Kedah Malay
9888:Judeo-Malay
9769:Kayan–Murik
9648:† indicate
9321:Pidgin Onin
9235:Serui Malay
9160:Banda Malay
8638:Biksi-Yetfa
8264:Lakes Plain
8046:Komyandaret
8003:Digul River
7685:North Asmat
7549:West Makian
7293:North Babar
7223:Dela-Oenale
7190:Timor–Babar
6999:Micronesian
6984:Uruangnirin
6593:Sepa-Teluti
6137:Gorontaloan
6036:Punan Merap
5839:Punan Merah
5796:Kayan–Murik
5673:Seko Tengah
5668:Seko Padang
5628:Makassarese
5578:Campalagian
5352:Tukang Besi
4940:Rokan Hilir
4905:Panai Malay
4801:Minangkabau
4745:Kota Bangun
4674:Jambi Malay
4613:Berau Malay
4575:Nusa Penida
4557:Bacan Malay
4253:1885/145107
4091:Works cited
3687:15 February
3574:19 December
3477:Sabah Malay
3452:Sabah Malay
3157:12 December
2986:South Papua
2699:Melayu Sula
2597:bahasa Nagi
2498:instead of
2266:Timor Leste
2229: : you
2152:Banda Malay
2095:Banda Malay
2088:Banda Malay
1941:The prefix
1931:The prefix
1921:The prefix
1889:reduces to
1768:reduces to
1740:reduces to
1721:reduces to
1707:reduces to
1693:reduces to
1675:reduces to
1649:lowered to
1603:Malay: "go"
1498:Sri Lankans
1375:Jawi script
1238:Makassarese
1188:Makassarese
1114:, standard
1087:Sabah Malay
981:Sabah Malay
974:Sabah Malay
951:Pasar Malay
500:بهاس ڤرانقن
313:ملايو بابا
216:'this' and
207:progressive
132:and modern
11435:Categories
11400:Vietnamese
11317:Mandailing
11289:Indonesian
11247:Indo-Aryan
11125:Baba Malay
10921:Vietnamese
10911:Sri Lankan
10869:Indonesian
10826:Immigrants
10773:Baba Malay
10693:Philippine
10686:Philippine
10667:Mandailing
10621:Indonesian
10408:Umaʼ Lasan
10298:Punan Batu
10243:Lun Bawang
9988:Semaq Beri
9843:Peninsular
9826:Nationwide
9818:Indigenous
9789:Sama–Bajaw
9784:Philippine
9774:Land Dayak
9630:Kata Kolok
9464:Portuguese
9376:Fuzhounese
9316:Pidgin Iha
9224:Orang Pulo
9216:Sula Malay
9150:Alor Malay
8559:Momuna–Mek
8534:Ninggerum
8405:Nisa-Anasi
8244:Samarokena
8091:Foja Range
7786:Duriankari
7353:West Damar
7233:East Damar
7045:Anakalangu
6896:Serui-Laut
6736:Halmahera-
6697:Lewo Eleng
6507:Liana-Seti
6200:Tontemboan
6041:Punan Tubu
5996:Lun Bawang
5983:Mainstream
5854:Land Dayak
5495:Simalungun
5488:Mandailing
5272:Mori Bawah
5217:Kaimbulawa
5101:Tenggerese
5073:Cirebonese
5066:Banyumasan
4954:Tembilahan
4933:Pangaraian
4920:Riau Malay
4900:Palu Malay
4752:Tenggarong
4633:Deli Malay
4628:Col/Lembak
4509:Indonesian
4431:Ethnologue
4360:14 January
4346:0858834022
4286:6002898562
4224:1887/25849
4081:Kluge 2014
4064:Yogyakarta
4037:Yogyakarta
3985:Stoel 2007
3932:Bos (2005)
3826:Ethnologue
3778:Ethnologue
3657:Ethnologue
3619:Ethnologue
3594:Ethnologue
3536:Ethnologue
3482:Ethnologue
3457:Ethnologue
3321:Paulo 2018
3301:Ethnologue
3250:5 February
3177:Ethnologue
3130:Ethnologue
3013:References
2990:West Papua
2962:New Guinea
2926:Sula Malay
2843:Sula Malay
2760:Sula Malay
2689:Sula Malay
2682:Sula Malay
2676:Sula Malay
2653:spoken in
2286:Portuguese
2282:Portuguese
2256:Dili Malay
2237: : we
2052:spoken on
2016:Alor Malay
2011:Alor Malay
2005:Alor Malay
1977:bərtəngkar
1895:the letter
1762:perfective
1748:perfective
1734:perfective
1715:perfective
1701:perfective
1687:perfective
1669:perfective
1551:Chirikurok
1486:Koepangers
1112:Indonesian
927:Hambantota
806:Orang Pulo
765:Uri Tadmor
707:mixed in.
636:Indonesian
624:Baba Malay
622:A kind of
414:Peranakans
410:Baba Malay
402:Baba Malay
310:Baba Malay
303:Baba Malay
257:'to make'.
11329:Baweanese
11302:Banjarese
11235:Malayalam
11230:Dravidian
11185:Hainanese
11180:Cantonese
11150:Singdarin
10962:By states
10816:Esperanto
10753:Chavacano
10566:Malayalam
10561:Dravidian
10488:Hainanese
10447:Cantonese
10383:Tombonuwo
10348:Sembakung
10168:Kalabakan
10118:Daro-Matu
9858:Cheq Wong
9796:Tai-Kadai
9713:Malaysian
9381:Hainanese
9366:Cantonese
9305:Mardijker
9249:Surabayan
9243:Peranakan
9004:Warembori
8933:Kimaghama
8821:Tamagario
8577:Ketengban
8499:Burumakok
8347:Sikaritai
8332:Obokuitai
8076:Tsaukambo
7806:Kemberano
7791:Inanwatan
7489:Gamkonora
7391:Kayupulau
7115:Manggarai
7027:Seluwasan
6801:Erokwanas
6656:Lamaholot
6628:Yalahatan
6563:Nusa Laut
6190:Tonsawang
6172:Minahasan
6157:Ponosakan
6152:Mongondow
6142:Kaidipang
6067:Kalabakan
6021:Sembakung
5917:Semandang
5897:Rejangese
5698:Ulumanda’
5633:Malimpung
5613:Kalumpang
5426:Kayuagung
5412:Lampungic
5277:Mori Atas
5237:Kumbewaha
5142:Balaesang
5137:Bahonsuai
5080:Indramayu
5054:Javanese
5047:Javanesic
5015:Bantenese
5002:Sundanese
4866:Palembang
4739:Kutainese
4666:Seberuang
4593:Banjarese
4375:CiteSeerX
4355:646958819
3961:help page
3800:Humaniora
3662:7 October
3599:7 October
3401:6 October
3343:6 October
3135:7 October
2906:Halmahera
2829:Glottolog
2817:ISO 639-3
2803:Indonesia
2708:Indonesia
2663:Indonesia
2611:Larantuka
2526:Halmahera
2514:Bobaneigo
2436:Glottolog
2420:ISO 639-3
2406:Indonesia
2339:Ethnicity
2318:Indonesia
2221: : I
2186:Glottolog
2170:ISO 639-3
2109:Indonesia
2069:colonised
1995:kəhidupan
1981:batengkar
1538:Karajarri
1520:but also
1502:Sinhalese
1494:Filipinos
1408:Glottolog
1392:ISO 639-3
1319:Ethnicity
1298:Indonesia
1218:Glottolog
1202:ISO 639-3
1138:Indonesia
1116:Malaysian
1104:Chabacano
1066:Glottolog
1050:ISO 639-3
1017:"growing"
963:creolised
923:Sinhalese
895:Sri Lanka
871:Singapore
818:Indonesia
741:Indonesia
701:Sundanese
628:Peranakan
607:Glottolog
591:ISO 639-3
540:Peranakan
533:Ethnicity
518:West Java
510:East Java
435:East Java
422:Singapore
382:Glottolog
366:ISO 639-3
327:Singapore
239:Causative
231:The verb
209:particle.
205:became a
166:low Malay
154:Indonesia
130:classical
105:ISO 639-3
65:Ethnicity
11380:Japanese
11375:Filipino
11365:Armenian
11339:Javanese
11334:Buginese
11297:Acehnese
11257:Gujarati
11145:Singlish
11140:Kristang
11081:Mandarin
11064:Official
11048:National
10901:Nepalese
10886:Japanese
10864:Filipino
10811:Tanglish
10763:Manglish
10758:Kristang
10657:Javanese
10652:Buginese
10640:Madurese
10630:Acehnese
10595:Gujarati
10423:minority
10393:Tringgus
10358:Serudung
10188:Kendayan
10158:Jangkang
10040:Malaysia
9928:Mah Meri
9918:Kristang
9845:Malaysia
9739:Families
9705:Official
9598:Japanese
9590:Filipino
9507:Sanskrit
9487:Gujarati
9437:European
9422:Mandarin
9326:Portugis
9096:Uhunduni
8948:Riantana
8811:Atohwaim
8420:Tunggare
8380:Baropasi
8337:Papasena
8322:Kirikiri
8249:Trimuris
8239:Oksapmin
8224:Nimboran
8219:Namblong
7831:Yahadian
7700:Kamberau
7617:Nedebang
7401:Masimasi
7348:Uab Meto
7238:Emplawas
7175:Wanukaka
7170:Wae Rana
7050:Baliledo
6946:Yeresiam
6941:Yeretuar
6921:Wandamen
6771:Bedoanas
6704:Lewotobi
6683:Lamatuka
6676:Lamalera
6618:Watubela
6608:Teor-Kur
6553:Naka'ela
6548:Masiwang
6543:Manusela
6476:Kamarian
6459:Hukumina
6330:Tarangan
6320:Manombai
6210:Sangiric
6122:Bintauna
6014:Selungai
5952:Bah-Biau
5934:Tringgus
5882:Kembayan
5877:Jangkang
5819:Hovongan
5771:Ot Siang
5761:Ot Danum
5746:Ma'anyan
5741:Lawangan
5721:Bakumpai
5716:Ampanang
5683:Talondo’
5653:Panasuan
5618:Lemolang
5603:Enrekang
5573:Buginese
5530:Simeulue
5520:Mentawai
5420:Komering
5362:Tomadino
5312:Rahambuu
5267:Moronene
5242:Lasalimu
5232:Kulisusu
5197:Dampelas
5177:Bonerate
5172:Bobongko
5147:Balantak
5029:Priangan
4859:Lematang
4828:Mukomuko
4780:Madurese
4709:Keninjal
4704:Kendayan
4608:Bengkulu
4568:Bali Aga
4562:Balinese
4544:Bakongan
4538:Acehnese
4313:28 April
4291:8 August
4184:(2005).
4166:53215736
4124:50506465
4001:(Visual)
3373:: 43–57.
3306:29 April
2534:Buginese
2522:northern
2504:Help:IPA
2443:gora1261
2328:Northern
2234:katorang
2193:band1353
1999:kaidopan
1997:becomes
1990:manangis
1988:becomes
1986:mənangis
1979:becomes
1970:becomes
1968:tərbəlah
1857:becomes
1848:becomes
1839:becomes
1830:becomes
1821:becomes
1812:becomes
1810:tərkəjut
1799:becomes
1788:becomes
1635:becomes
1522:Nyulnyul
1474:Japanese
1470:pearling
1415:bali1279
1312:Jembrana
1225:maka1305
1148:Makassar
1073:saba1263
1004:, south
968:Singlish
911:lexifier
905:), with
867:Malaysia
855:Chetties
729:language
655:Surabaya
640:Surabaya
614:pera1256
547:-Chinese
545:Javanese
389:baba1267
134:literary
11370:Burmese
11312:Angkola
11277:Sinhala
11267:Punjabi
11252:Bengali
11210:Teochew
11205:Hokkien
11200:Hokchew
11195:Henghwa
11175:Sinitic
11167:Chinese
11071:English
10881:Persian
10849:Burmese
10844:Bengali
10834:African
10745:Creoles
10703:Maranao
10662:Kerinci
10605:Punjabi
10525:Teochew
10503:Hokkien
10430:Chinese
10378:Timugon
10338:Sekapan
10258:Momogun
10253:Melanau
10233:Lengilu
10223:Lahanan
10183:Kelabit
10173:Kanowit
10163:Kajaman
10108:Bukitan
10078:Bintulu
10068:Berawan
9993:Semelai
9903:Kenaboi
9868:Jah Hut
9813:Natives
9779:Malayic
9718:English
9584:Tagalog
9502:Punjabi
9482:Bengali
9459:English
9427:Teochew
9417:Hinghwa
9396:Hokkien
9358:Chinese
9294:Javindo
9133:Pidgins
9129:Creoles
9090:Tambora
9060:Maybrat
9040:Burmeso
9025:Abinomn
8925:Kolopom
8905:Mairasi
8897:Mairasi
8859:Sowanda
8816:Kayagar
8803:Kayagar
8709:Tofanma
8602:Somahai
8587:Korupun
8582:Kosarek
8572:Goliath
8549:Yonggom
8476:Sentani
8362:Waritai
8357:Taworta
8327:Kwerisa
8277:Biritai
8184:Kwesten
8169:Kemtuik
8159:Kauwera
8144:Isirawa
8119:Bonerif
8099:Airoran
8056:Mandobo
8051:Korowai
7864:Moskona
7821:Kovojab
7781:Dombano
7776:Arandai
7733:Kalabra
7710:Koneraw
7670:Buruwai
7652:Woisika
7642:Wersing
7539:Togutil
7524:Ternate
7416:Kaptiau
7328:Termanu
7298:Ringgou
7253:Imroing
7198:Amarasi
7145:Rembong
7110:Mamboru
7100:Lamboya
7080:Kambera
6989:Yamdena
6964:Fordata
6926:Waropen
6861:Meoswar
6851:Munggui
6811:Irarutu
6669:Ile Ape
6662:Adonara
6646:Alorese
6603:Taliabo
6583:Saparua
6578:Saleman
6568:Paulohi
6533:Mangole
6471:Kaibobo
6421:Kailolo
6414:Hulaliu
6383:Benggoi
6368:Asilulu
6363:Ambelau
6285:Batuley
6280:Barakai
6223:Ratahan
6185:Tondano
6180:Tombulu
6127:Bolango
6074:Nonukan
6055:Tidung
5991:Lengilu
5972:Kelabit
5967:Bukitan
5922:Beginci
5907:Sanggau
5862:Bakati’
5776:Tunjung
5663:Selayar
5598:Embaloh
5563:Bentong
5510:Enggano
5467:Angkola
5434:Lampung
5392:Wawonii
5367:Topoiyo
5302:Pancana
5262:Mbelala
5257:Liabuku
5247:Laiyolo
5227:Kodeoha
5192:Cia-Cia
5152:Banggai
5119:Celebic
4997:Sumbawa
4987:Semende
4880:Penukal
4873:Penesak
4835:Pesisir
4821:Kuantan
4770:Loncong
4714:Kerinci
4684:Kangean
4659:Mualang
4618:Besemah
3281:3 March
2998:Papuans
2902:Morotai
2894:Ternate
2619:Malacca
2538:Cia-Cia
2518:western
2500:Unicode
2473:in its
2332:western
2056:in the
2048:-based
1933:"tə(r)"
1923:"bə(r)"
1899:become
1764:marker
1750:marker
1736:marker
1717:marker
1703:marker
1689:marker
1671:marker
1658:p, t, k
1561:hokurok
1510:Koreans
1352:-based
1006:Palawan
899:Sinhala
863:Malacca
814:Jakarta
757:Batavia
737:Jakarta
731:of the
426:Hokkien
273:Rumahku
150:Sumatra
121:crp-035
68:various
11390:Nepali
11385:Korean
11360:Arabic
11272:Sindhi
11240:Telugu
11222:Indian
10891:Korean
10839:Arabic
10724:Others
10708:Molbog
10698:Iranun
10645:Bawean
10635:Banjar
10583:Telugu
10554:Indian
10481:Fuzhou
10476:Fuqing
10368:Sungai
10313:Sa'ban
10283:Paluan
10278:Okolod
10218:Kuijau
10148:Ida'an
10123:Dumpas
10088:Bookan
10083:Bonggi
10073:Biatah
10063:Belait
10018:Temuan
10008:Temiar
9998:Semnam
9938:Mintil
9933:Minriq
9913:Kintaq
9908:Kensiu
9863:Duanoʼ
9752:Aslian
9603:Korean
9577:Others
9545:Arabic
9522:Telugu
9512:Sindhi
9474:Indian
9391:Haklau
9371:Fuqing
9170:Betawi
9085:Sumuri
9070:Momina
9055:Maklew
9018:Others
8976:Smerki
8938:Morori
8915:Semimi
8879:Senagi
8849:Taikat
8844:Elseng
8831:Border
8793:Yelmek
8788:Maklew
8765:Marind
8742:Kosare
8658:Murkim
8643:Kembra
8597:Nipsan
8539:Tangko
8529:Ngalum
8504:Faiwol
8443:Saweru
8415:Tefaro
8395:Demisa
8390:Burate
8342:Rasawa
8292:Eritai
8282:Doutai
8209:Mekwei
8199:Massep
8194:Mander
8189:Kwinsu
8174:Kwerba
8164:Keijar
8154:Kapori
8129:Dineor
8104:Bagusa
8081:Wambon
8071:Shiaxa
8041:Kombai
8026:Densar
8021:Bayono
8016:Awbono
7993:Wolani
7935:Silimo
7854:Mansim
7826:Puragi
7811:Kokoda
7796:Kaburi
7748:Moraid
7738:Kuwani
7715:Sempan
7705:Kamoro
7695:Mombum
7632:Sawila
7622:Oirata
7597:Kamang
7577:Blagar
7544:Waioli
7534:Tobelo
7529:Tidore
7519:Tabaru
7504:Modole
7499:Loloda
7484:Galela
7431:Tobati
7426:Tarpia
7411:Podena
7386:Bonggo
7358:Welaun
7323:Tela'a
7308:Serili
7303:Romang
7283:Masela
7248:Helong
7243:Galoli
7228:Dengka
7203:Bekais
7180:Wejewa
7155:Rongga
7140:Rajong
7135:Pondok
7130:Palu'e
7125:Ngadha
7095:Komodo
7022:Selaru
7014:Selaru
6916:Wamesa
6906:Tandia
6876:Patani
6871:Papuma
6841:Matbat
6826:Kurudu
6816:Iresim
6796:Dusner
6791:Busami
6761:Arguni
6690:Levuka
6651:Kedang
6623:Wemale
6613:Tulehu
6558:Nuaulu
6538:Manipa
6517:Lisela
6487:Kowiai
6482:Kayeli
6465:Hulung
6454:Huaulu
6428:Pelauw
6408:Haruku
6358:Amahai
6325:Mariri
6315:Lorang
6233:Talaud
6228:Sangir
6218:Bantik
6195:Tonsea
6162:Suwawa
6104:Tausug
6060:Burusu
6046:Sa'ban
6007:Okolod
5977:Kenyah
5892:Nyadu’
5867:Biatah
5834:Modang
5804:Aoheng
5751:Malang
5726:Bajaw
5708:Barito
5658:Pannei
5648:Mandar
5643:Mamuju
5638:Mamasa
5558:Bambam
5535:Sikule
5377:Totoli
5372:Tomini
5357:Tolaki
5337:Pamona
5327:Sarudu
5322:Saluan
5307:Pendau
5222:Kamaru
5182:Bungku
5094:Serang
5059:Arekan
5022:Brebes
4814:Kampar
4807:Jamee
4793:Sapudi
4786:Bawean
4638:Duano'
4583:Bamayo
4387:
4377:
4353:
4343:
4284:
4260:
4172:
4164:
4154:
4122:
4112:
4010:1 June
3858:7 July
3806:18 May
3756:
2992:, and
2908:, and
2898:Tidore
2714:Region
2655:Manado
2607:Flores
2561:Kupang
2471:UNESCO
2324:Region
2207:Maluku
2115:Region
1972:tabala
1912:mə(N)"
1837:jangan
1819:ləmbut
1814:takajo
1791:makang
1660:, and
1576:kriki.
1534:Yawuru
1478:Malays
1462:pidgin
1354:creole
1304:Region
1287:ᬒᬁᬢᬶᬬᬂ
1182:Mixed
1144:Region
1096:Tausug
998:Labuan
986:Region
725:Betawi
506:Region
418:Melaka
323:Melaka
319:Region
174:pidgin
136:form,
84:Creole
11353:Other
11307:Batak
11262:Hindi
11190:Hakka
11086:Tamil
11076:Malay
11055:Malay
10931:Signs
10854:Khmer
10806:Rojak
10713:Suluk
10600:Hindi
10571:Tamil
10461:Hakka
10398:Tutoh
10388:Tring
10373:Tagol
10333:Sebop
10308:Remun
10303:Penan
10288:Papar
10268:Narom
10238:Lotud
10228:Lelak
10203:Kiput
10178:Kayan
10153:Jagoi
10138:Ganaʼ
10128:Dusun
10058:Bajau
10053:Bahau
10028:Wila'
10013:Temoq
9983:Semai
9978:Sabüm
9923:Lanoh
9883:Jedek
9878:Jakun
9873:Jahai
9853:Batek
9833:Malay
9815:&
9517:Tamil
9445:Dutch
9402:Medan
9386:Hakka
9332:Tansi
9311:Petjo
9283:Borgo
9175:Gorap
9065:Molof
9050:Kanum
9035:Amung
8981:Tamer
8869:Waris
8854:Manem
8770:Yaqay
8760:Bipim
8737:Kaure
8714:Towei
8699:Namla
8681:Zorop
8653:Lepki
8648:Kimki
8592:Nalca
8544:Tifal
8524:Nakai
8514:Kopka
8481:Tabla
8471:Nafri
8466:Demta
8425:Woria
8410:Sauri
8400:Kofei
8385:Bauzi
8352:Tause
8287:Duvle
8272:Awera
8254:Vitou
8234:Sause
8204:Mawes
8139:Gresi
8134:Edwas
8114:Betaf
8109:Berik
8031:Edera
7983:Ekari
7940:Walak
7930:Nggem
7925:Nduga
7920:Hupla
7897:Karas
7887:Baham
7869:Sougb
7859:Meyah
7849:Hatam
7816:Konda
7758:Tehit
7753:Seget
7690:Citak
7637:Teiwa
7627:Retta
7592:Kafoa
7587:Kaera
7582:Bunak
7572:Adang
7441:Yamna
7436:Wakde
7421:Sobei
7363:Wetar
7338:Te'un
7333:Tetum
7313:Serua
7278:Luang
7263:Kisar
7258:Kemak
7208:Bilba
7165:Kepo'
7150:Riung
7070:Gaura
7005:Mapia
6979:Sekar
6891:Sawai
6856:Marau
6846:Ma'ya
6836:Maden
6756:Ansus
6751:Ambel
6746:Ambai
6573:Salas
6403:Geser
6393:Bobot
6388:Boano
6373:Banda
6353:Alune
6295:Karey
6290:Dobel
6147:Lolak
6051:Sajau
6028:Tagol
6001:Murut
5962:Bukat
5957:Basap
5927:Gerai
5902:Ribun
5887:Laraʼ
5844:Segai
5824:Kayan
5814:Bahau
5786:Pakau
5766:Sama
5756:Ngaju
5736:Kohin
5731:Deyah
5688:Taman
5623:Maiwa
5588:Dakka
5474:Dairi
5454:Batak
5397:Wolio
5347:Tajio
5332:Sedoa
5317:Rampi
5297:Padoe
5252:Lauje
5212:Kaili
5207:Kalao
5202:Dondo
5187:Busoa
5167:Boano
5162:Behoa
5157:Batui
5127:Andio
5087:Osing
5008:Baduy
4972:Sasak
4910:Pekal
4887:Rawas
4623:Bukit
4517:Slang
4329:(PDF)
4278:(PDF)
4189:(PDF)
4131:(PDF)
4102:(PDF)
3821:Gorap
3363:(PDF)
3246:: 126
3240:Depok
3217:(PDF)
3112:(PDF)
3095:(PDF)
3052:(PDF)
2974:Papua
2972:(now
2934:Dutch
2783:Latin
2615:Malay
2456:Gorap
2379:Gorap
2309:Gorap
2296:Gorap
2290:Tetum
2046:Malay
1828:dapat
1823:lombo
1797:pərgi
1785:makan
1766:sudah
1713:the
1699:the
1691:lebih
1685:the
1667:the
1530:Jukun
1506:Tamil
1460:is a
1350:Malay
1184:Malay
1083:Malay
1035:Malay
990:Sabah
953:, or
907:Malay
830:Malay
826:Bugis
697:krama
648:ngoko
251:bikin
233:pərgi
185:orang
181:punya
138:Malay
11395:Thai
11322:Toba
10939:Main
10916:Thai
10906:Urdu
10731:Cham
10677:Rawa
10610:Urdu
10403:Ukit
10363:Sian
10353:Seru
10323:Sama
10143:Iban
10048:Abai
10038:East
9697:Main
9527:Urdu
9497:Pali
9492:Odia
9409:Riau
9131:and
9080:Mpur
9030:Abun
9009:Yoke
8971:Rema
8943:Ndom
8887:Dera
8864:Viid
8839:Awyi
8719:Usku
8704:Tebi
8676:Emem
8620:Skou
8612:Skou
8567:Eipo
8519:Muyu
8509:Iwur
8448:Yawa
8435:Yawa
8317:Keuw
8312:Kaiy
8302:Foau
8297:Fayu
8229:Orya
8214:Mlap
8149:Itik
8124:Dabe
8066:Sawi
8061:Pisa
8036:Jair
8011:Aghu
7988:Moni
7973:Auye
7955:Yali
7945:Wano
7907:Dani
7801:Kais
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