Baleen whale - Knowledge

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on data from the fossil record and modern baleen whales indicates that the evolution of gigantism in baleen whales occurred rather recently, within the last 3 million years. Before 4.5 million years ago, few baleen whales exceeded 10 meters (33 ft) in length; the two largest Miocene species were less than 13 m (43 ft) in length. The initial evolution of baleen and filter feeding long preceded the evolution of gigantic body size, indicating the evolution of novel feeding mechanisms did not cause the evolution of gigantism. The formation of the Antarctic circumpolar current and its effects on global climate patterns is excluded as being causal for the same reason. Gigantism also was preceded by divergence of different mysticete lineages, meaning multiple lineages arrived at large size independently. It is possible the

1034: 1716:, unlike other whales, with the exception of the bowhead whale. Rorquals have a higher proportion of muscle tissue and tend to be negatively buoyant, whereas right whales have a higher proportion of blubber and are positively buoyant. Gray whales are easily distinguished from the other rorquals by their sleet-gray color, dorsal ridges (knuckles on the back), and their gray-white scars left from parasites. As with the other rorquals, their throat pleats increase the capacity of their throats, allowing them to filter larger volumes of water at once. Gray whales are bottom-feeders, meaning they sift through sand to get their food. They usually turn on their sides, scoop up sediment into their mouths and filter out 4034: 924: 783: 4124: 3571: 4202: 980: 810: 4250: 2969: 944: 887: 1014: 3875:

rorqual, the minke whale, 3 m (10 ft) calves are born after a 10-month pregnancy and weaning lasts until it has reached about 5 to 5.5 m (16 to 18 ft) after 6–7 months. Unusual for a baleen whale, female minkes (and humpbacks) can become pregnant immediately after giving birth; in most species, there is a two-to-three-year calving period. In right whales, the calving interval is usually three years. They grow very rapidly during their first year, after which they hardly increase in size for several years. They reach sexual maturity when 13 to 14 m (43 to 46 ft) long. Baleen whales are

3855: 3708: 2650: 1822: 3390: 1183: 830: 3755: 756: 3990:, under 20 Hz) moans can last for half a minute, reach almost 190 decibels, and be heard hundreds of kilometers away. Adult male humpbacks produce the longest and most complex songs; sequences of moans, groans, roars, sighs, and chirps sometimes lasting more than ten minutes are repeated for hours. Typically, all humpback males in a population sing the same song over a breeding season, but the songs change slightly between seasons, and males in one population have been observed adapting the song from males of a neighboring population over a few breeding seasons. 3235: 3208:, including a streamlined body; a small dorsal fin, relative to its size; and lack of external ears or long hair. The fin whale is the fastest among baleen whales, having been recorded travelling as fast as 10 m/s (36 km/h; 22 mph), and sustaining a speed of 2.5 m/s (9.0 km/h; 5.6 mph) for an extended period. While feeding, the rorqual jaw expands to a volume that can be bigger than the whale itself; to do this, the mouth inflates. The inflation of the mouth causes the cavum ventrale, the throat pleats on the underside stretching to the 1132: 10173: 10085: 10031: 10001: 9915: 9868: 9683: 9653: 9584: 9359: 9257: 9163: 9036: 8995: 8953: 8697: 8592: 8558: 8501: 8428: 8376: 8265: 8203: 8169: 7729: 7601: 7470: 7405: 7301: 7066: 6997: 6879: 6810: 6761: 6708: 6667: 6513: 5975: 5695: 5661: 5435: 5278: 5196: 5136: 4885: 4795: 4553: 2569: 1772: 1738: 1755: 3165: 1153: 3943: 1071: 4230:

Article VIII in the Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, which allows the taking of whales for scientific research. Japan has had two main research programs: the Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA) and the Japanese Research Program in the North (JARPN). JARPN is focused in the North Pacific and JARPA around the Antarctic. JARPA mainly caught Antarctic minke whales, catching nearly 7,000; to a far lesser extent, they also caught fin whales. Animal-rights activist groups, such as the

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they ram the baitball, the jaw swings open at almost a 90° angle and bends which lets in more water. To prevent stretching the mouth too far, rorquals have a sensory organ located in the middle of the jaw to regulate these functions. Then they must decelerate. This process takes a lot of mechanical work and is only energy-effective when used against a large baitball. Lunge feeding is more energy-intensive than skim-feeding due to the acceleration and deceleration required.

4303:, which is especially serious for North Atlantic right whales considering their small number. Right whales feed with a wide-open mouth, risking entanglement in any rope or net fixed in the water column. The rope wraps around their upper jaw, flippers and tail. Some are able to escape, but others remain entangled. If observers notice, they can be successfully disentangled, but others die over a period of months. Other whales, such as humpback whales, can also be entangled. 1808: 1204: 4186:

is particularly contentious in Iceland, as it has among the most-developed whale-watching operations in the world and the hunting of minke whales resumed in August 2003. Brazil, Argentina and South Africa argue that whale watching is a growing billion-dollar industry that provides more revenue than commercial whaling would provide. Peru, Uruguay, Australia, and New Zealand also support proposals to permanently forbid whaling south of the Equator, as

10230: 1696: 12149: 12185: 3603:), which bounces light back at the retina, enhancing eyesight in dark areas. However, light is bent more near the surface of the eye when in air as opposed to water; consequently, they can see much better in the air than in the water. The eyeballs are protected by a thick outer layer to prevent abrasions and an oily fluid (instead of tears) on the surface of the eye. Baleen whales appear to have limited color vision, as they lack 12197: 3767:

flippers, covering the blowhole, and ramming and biting until death. Generally, a mother and calf pair, when faced with the threat of a killer whale pod, will either fight or flee. Fleeing only occurs in species that can swim away quickly, the rorquals. Slower whales must fight the pod alone or with a small family group. There has been one report of a shark attacking and killing a whale calf. This occurred in 2014 during the

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conserve heat. Right whales have the thickest hypodermis of any cetacean, averaging 51 centimeters (20 in), though, as in all whales, it is thinner around openings (such as the blowhole) and limbs. Blubber may also be used to store energy during times of fasting. The connective tissue between the hypodermis and muscles allows only limited movement to occur between them. Unlike toothed whales, baleen whales have

2857: 10218: 3790:. Almost all species of whale lice are specialized towards a certain species of whale, and there can be more than one species per whale. Whale lice eat dead skin, resulting in minor wounds in the skin. Whale louse infestations are especially evident in right whales, where colonies propagate on their callosities. Though not a parasite, whale barnacles latch onto the skin of a whale during their 12161: 4277:, drowns out the vocalizations produced by whales, notably in the blue whale which produces the loudest vocalization, which makes it harder for them to communicate. Blue whales stop producing foraging D calls once a mid-frequency sonar is activated, even though the sonar frequency range (1–8 kHz) far exceeds their sound production range (25–100 Hz). 3930: 4312: 1712:) at high speed. Rorquals generally have streamlined physiques to reduce drag in the water while doing this. Balaenids rely on their huge heads, as opposed to the rorquals' throat pleats, to feed effectively. This feeding behavior allows them to grow very big and bulky, without the necessity for a streamlined body. They have 3691:

during the winter months when plankton populations are low. Migration is hypothesized to benefit calves in a number of ways. Newborns, born with underdeveloped blubber, would likely otherwise be killed by the cold polar temperatures. Migration to warmer waters may also reduce the risk of calves being predated on by

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after the International Whaling Commission placed a moratorium which banned whaling for commercial use. Several species that were commercially exploited have rebounded in numbers; for example, gray whales may be as numerous as they were prior to whaling, making it the first marine mammal to be taken off the

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baleen plates can filter it, and be slow enough so that it cannot escape. The "skimming" may take place on the surface, underwater, or even at the ocean's bottom, indicated by mud occasionally observed on right whales' bodies. Gray whales feed primarily on the ocean's bottom, feeding on benthic creatures.

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Most species of baleen whale migrate long distances from high latitude waters during spring and summer months to more tropical waters during winter months. This migration cycle is repeated annually. The gray whale has the longest recorded migration of any mammal, with one traveling 23,000 kilometers

4273:, the result is that the whale is unable to hear an approaching vessel before it has been run over or entrapped by the hydrodynamic forces of the vessel's passage. A 2014 study noted that a lower vessel speed correlated with lower collision rates. The ever-increasing amount of ocean noise, including 4209:

Commercial whaling was historically important for the world economy. All species were exploited, and as one type's stock depleted, another type was targeted. The scale of whale harvesting decreased substantially through the 1960s as all whale stocks had been depleted, and practically stopped in 1988

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Notwithstanding the other provisions of paragraph 10, catch limits for the killing for commercial purposes of whales from all stocks for the 1986 coastal and the 1985/86 pelagic seasons and thereafter shall be zero. This provision will be kept under review, based upon the best scientific advice, and

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The skim-feeders are right whales, gray whales, pygmy right whales, and sei whales (which also lunge feed). To feed, skim-feeders swim with an open mouth, filling it with water and prey. Prey must occur in sufficient numbers to trigger the whale's interest, be within a certain size range so that the

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The eyes of baleen whales are relatively small for their size and are positioned near the end of the mouth. This is probably because they feed on slow or immobile prey, combined with the fact that most sunlight does not pass 9.1 meters (30 ft), and hence they do not need acute vision. A whale's

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had U-shaped folds which are thought to be similar to vocal cords. They are positioned parallel to air flow, as opposed to the perpendicular vocal cords of terrestrial mammals. These may control air flow and cause vibrations. The walls of the larynx are able to contract which may generate sound with

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The increase in size is likely due to climate change which caused seasonally shifting accumulations of plankton in various parts of the world, necessitating travel over long distances, as well as the ability to feed on large baitballs to make such trips worthwhile. A 2017 analysis of body size based

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advocates argue that whaling catches "friendly" whales that are curious about boats, as these whales are the easiest to catch. This analysis claims that once the economic benefits of hotels, restaurants and other tourist amenities are considered, hunting whales is a net economic loss. This argument

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Before reaching adulthood, baleen whales grow at an extraordinary rate. In the blue whale, the largest species, the fetus grows by some 100 kg (220 lb) per day just before delivery, and by 80 kg (180 lb) per day during suckling. Before weaning, the calf increases its body weight

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Migratory movements may also reflect seasonally shifting patterns of productivity. California blue whales are hypothesized to migrate between dense patches of prey, moving from central California in the summer and fall, to the Gulf of California in the winter, to the central Baja California Pacific

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It is thought that plankton blooms dictate where whales migrate. Many baleen whales feed on the massive plankton blooms that occur in the cold, nutrient-rich waters of polar regions during the sunny spring and summer months. Baleen whales generally then migrate to calving grounds in tropical waters

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Commercial whaling was historically important as an industry well throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Whaling was at that time a sizable European industry with ships from Britain, France, Spain, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany, sometimes collaborating to hunt whales in the Arctic. By the

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Baleen whales continue to be harvested. Only three nations take whales: Iceland, Norway, and Japan. All these nations are part of the IWC, with Norway and Iceland rejecting the moratorium and continuing commercial whaling. Japan, being part of the IWC, whales under the Scientific Permit stated in

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The lunge-feeders are the rorquals. To feed, lunge-feeders expand the volume of their jaw to a volume bigger than the original volume of the whale itself. To do this, the mouth inflates, which causes the throat pleats to expand, increasing the amount of water that the mouth can store. Just before

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layer, is 5 millimeters (0.2 in) thick, along with connective tissue. The epidermis itself is only 1 millimeter (0.04 in) thick. The dermis, the layer underneath the epidermis, is also thin. The hypodermis, containing blubber, is the thickest part of the skin and functions as a means to

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Baleen whales have rarely been kept in captivity. Their large size and appetite make them expensive creatures to maintain. Pools of proper size would also be very expensive to build. For example, a single gray whale calf would need to eat 215 kilograms (475 lb) of fish per day, and the pool

3382:. Unlike other mammals, the lungs of baleen whales lack lobes and are more sacculated. Like in humans, the left lung is smaller than the right to make room for the heart. To conserve oxygen, blood is rerouted from pressure-tolerant-tissue to internal organs, and they have a high concentration of 3349:

to form on the plates to stiffen them. Baleen plates are attached to the upper jaw and are absent in the mid-jaw, forming two separate combs of baleen. The plates decrease in size as they go further back into the jaw; the largest ones are called the "main baleen plates" and the smallest ones are

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Most rorquals mate in warm waters in winter to give birth almost a year later. A 7-to-11 month lactation period is normally followed by a year of rest before mating starts again. Adults normally start reproducing when 5–10 years old and reach their full length after 20–30 years. In the smallest

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The unique lungs of baleen whales are built to collapse under the pressure instead of resisting the pressure which would damage the lungs, enabling some, like the fin whale, to dive to a depth of −470 meters (−1,540 ft). The whale lungs are very efficient at extracting oxygen from the air,

546:. Rorquals are specialized at lunge-feeding, and have a streamlined body to reduce drag while accelerating. Right whales skim-feed, meaning they use their enlarged head to effectively take in a large amount of water and sieve the slow-moving prey. Males typically mate with more than one female ( 4657:

Rosenbaum, H. C.; Brownell Jr., R. L.; Schaeff, M. W.B.C.; Portway, V.; White, B. N.; Malik, S.; Pastene, L. A.; Patenaude, N. J.; Baker, C. S.; Goto, M.; Best, P.; Clapham, P. J.; Hamilton, P.; Moore, M.; Payne, R.; Rowntree, V.; Tynan, C. T.; Bannister, J. L.; Desalle, R. (2000). "World-wide

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Baleen whales, primarily juveniles and calves, are preyed on by killer whales. It is thought that annual whale migration occurs to protect the calves from the killer whales. There have also been reports of a pod of killer whales attacking and killing an adult bowhead whale, by holding down its

3266:. Baleen whales have two blowholes, as opposed to toothed whales which have one. These paired blowholes are longitudinal slits that converge anteriorly and widen posteriorly, which causes a V-shaped blow. They are surrounded by a fleshy ridge that keeps water away while the whale breathes. The 3123:

of rorquals and right whales split almost 20 mya. It is unknown where this occurred, but it is generally believed that they, like their descendants, followed plankton migrations. These primitive baleen whales had lost their dentition in favor of baleen, and are believed to have lived on a

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Foraging efficiency for both lunge feeding and continuous ram filter feeding is highly dependent upon prey density. The efficiency of a blue whale lunge is approximately 30 times higher at krill densities of 4.5 kg/m (0.28 lb/cu ft) than at low krill densities of 0.15 kg/m

4214:. The Southern right whale was hunted to near extinction in the mid-to-late 20th century, with only a small (unknown) population around Antarctica. Because of international protection, the Southern right whale's population has been growing 7% annually since 1970. Conversely, the 3910:

on the planet, typically measuring 2.4–3.0 metres (8–10 ft). Accurate measurements of the blue whale are difficult to take because the whale's erect length can only be observed during mating. The penis on a right whale can be up to 2.7 m (8.9 ft) – the

3361:, notably in humpback whales where the males of the species sing elaborate songs. Male right whales have bigger callosities than female right whales. The males are generally more scarred than females which is thought to be because of aggression during mating season. 3314: 4328:, in 1965, was named Gigi and died two months later from an infection. The second gray whale, which was captured in 1971 from the same lagoon, was named Gigi II and was released a year later after becoming too big. The last gray whale, J.J., beached itself in 1703:

Rorquals use throat pleats to expand their mouths, which allow them to feed more effectively. However, rorquals need to build up water pressure in order to expand their mouths, leading to a lunge-feeding behavior. Lunge-feeding is where a whale rams a

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early 1790s, whalers, namely the British (Australian) and Americans, started to focus efforts in the South Pacific; in the mid-1900s, over 50,000 humpback whale were taken from the South Pacific. At its height in the 1880s, U.S. profits turned to

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Sanders, Albert E.; Barnes, Lawrence G. (2002). "Paleontology of the Late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 3: Eomysticetidae, a New Family of Primitive Mysticetes (Mammalia: Cetacea)". In Emry, Robert J (ed.).

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to spear the bigger animals from boats out at sea. People from Norway started hunting whales around 4,000 years ago, and people from Japan began hunting whales in the Pacific at least as early as that. Whales are typically hunted for their

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and others like it showed no evidence in the skull of echolocation abilities, suggesting they mainly relied on their eyesight for navigation. The eomysticetes had long, flat rostra that lacked teeth and had blowholes located halfway up the

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Baleen whales can also be affected by humans in more indirect ways. For species like the North Atlantic right whale, which migrates through some of the world's busiest shipping lanes, the biggest threat is from being struck by ships. The

3430:, so, in baleen whales, warm blood in the arteries is surrounded by veins to prevent heat loss during transport. As well as this, heat inevitably given off by the arteries warms blood in the surrounding veins as it travels back into the 3718:

All modern mysticetes are obligate filter feeders, using their baleen to strain small prey items (including small fish, krill, copepods, and zooplankton) from seawater. Despite their carnivorous diet, a 2015 study revealed they house

1724:, which leave noticeable marks on their heads. The pygmy right whale is easily confused with minke whales because of their similar characteristics, such as their small size, dark gray tops, light gray bottoms, and light eye patches. 3879:, meaning they raise one calf at a time, have a long life-expectancy, and a low infant mortality rate. Some 19th century harpoons found in harvested bowheads indicate this species can live more than 100 years. Baleen whales are 4808:

Hassanin, Alexandre; Delsucc, Frédéric; Ropiquet, Anne; Hammere, Catrin; Van Vuurenf, Bettine J.; Mattheef, Conrad; Ruiz-Garcia, Manuel; Catzeflisc, François; Areskough, Veronika; Thanh Nguyena, Trung; Coulouxj, Arnaud (2012).

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are thought to be genetically and physiologically dissimilar. However, there is some discussion as to whether the gray whale should be classified into its own family, or as a rorqual, with recent studies favoring the latter.

3500:) is similar to that of seawater, whereas the salt content of a whale's blood is considerably lower (three times lower) than that of seawater. The whale kidney is adapted to excreting excess salt; however, while producing 3519:, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination, makes up 18% of their brain's weight, compared to 10% in humans, which is probably due to the great degree of control necessary for constantly swimming. 4108:

by 1990 at the latest the Commission will undertake a comprehensive assessment of the effects of this decision on whale stocks and consider modification of this provision and the establishment of other catch limits.

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is also fibrocartilaginous, allowing the jaw to bend which lets in more water. To prevent stretching the mouth too far, rorquals have a sensory organ located in the middle of the jaw to regulate these functions.

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10,000,000, equivalent to US$ 225,000,000 today. Commonly exploited species included arctic whales such as the gray whale, right whale, and bowhead whale because they were close to the main whaling ports, like

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of humpback whale vocalizations: detail is shown for the first 24 seconds of the 37-second recording "Singing Humpbacks". The whale songs are heard before and after a set of echolocation clicks in the middle.

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The heart of baleen whales functions similarly to other mammals, with the major difference being the size. The heart can reach 454 kilograms (1,000 lb), but is still proportional to the whale's size. The

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contain the Sei whale, Bryde's whale, Eden's whale (and by extension Rice's whale), the blue whale, and Omura's whale. The gray whale was formerly classified in its own family. The two populations, one in the

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similar to rorquals and gray whales than to right whales. A study published in 2012, based on bone structure, moved the pygmy right whale from the family Neobalaenidae to the family Cetotheriidae, making it a

4343:, housed three minke whales in the nearby bay enclosed by nets. One survived for three months, another (a calf) survived for two weeks, and another was kept for over a month before breaking through the nets. 4094:. After those stocks were depleted, rorquals in the South Pacific were targeted by nearly all whaling organizations; however, they often out-swam whaling vessels. Whaling rorquals was not effective until the 3542:, in which they sleep with half of the brain while the other half remains active. This behavior was only documented in toothed whales until footage of a humpback whale sleeping (vertically) was shot in 2014. 4098:

was invented in the late 1860s. Whaling basically stopped when stocks of all species were depleted to a point that they could not be harvested on a commercial scale. Whaling was controlled in 1982 when the

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would have to accommodate the 4-meter (13 ft) calf, along with ample room to swim. Only gray whales have survived being kept in captivity for over a year. The first gray whale, which was captured in

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and, after 14 months, was released because it got too big to take care of. Reaching 8,700 kilograms (19,200 lb) and 9.4 meters (31 ft), J.J. was the largest creature to be kept in captivity.

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released by their prey. It is thought that 'tasting' the water is important for finding prey and tracking down other whales. They are believed to have an impaired sense of smell due to the lack of the

701:, often still referred to as Artiodactyla (given that the cetaceans are deeply nested with the artiodactyls). The closest living relatives to baleen whales are toothed whales both from the infraorder 3961: 3986:

All baleen whales use sound for communication and are known to "sing", especially during the breeding season. Blue whales produce the loudest sustained sounds of any animals: their low-frequency (

3496:, allowing for a greater surface area over which digested food and water can be absorbed. Baleen whales get the water they need from their food; however, the salt content of most of their prey ( 3181:. Flipper movement is continuous. While doing this, baleen whales use their tail fluke to propel themselves forward through vertical motion while using their flippers for steering, much like an 3723:

similar to that of terrestrial herbivores. Different kinds of prey are found in different abundances depending on location, and each type of whale is adapted to a specialized way of foraging.

3646:. It is known that when the fluid inside the cochlea is disturbed by vibrations, it triggers sensory hairs which send electric current to the brain, where vibrations are processed into sound. 6056:

Goldbogen, J.a.; Cade, D.e.; Calambokidis, J.; Friedlaender, A.s.; Potvin, J.; Segre, P.s.; Werth, A.j. (2017-01-03). "How Baleen Whales Feed: The Biomechanics of Engulfment and Filtration".

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Steeman, Mette E.; Hebsgaard, Martin B.; Fordyce, R. E.; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Rabosky, Daniel L.; Nielsen, Rasmus; Rahbek, Carsten; Glenner, Henrik; Sørensen, Martin V.; Willerslev, Eske (2009).

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out of the water, which may allow them to travel faster. Because of their great size, right whales are not flexible or agile like dolphins, and none can move their neck because of the fused

9882: 7419: 3746:(0.0094 lb/cu ft). Baleen whale have been observed seeking out highly specific areas within the local environment in order to forage at the highest density prey aggregations. 7838:

Kenney, Robert D.; Hyman, Martin A. M.; Owen, Ralph E.; Scott, Gerald P.; Winn, Howard E. (1986-01-01). "Estimation of Prey Densities Required by Western North Atlantic Right Whales".

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after a skull of another specimen was discovered. Six years later, the pygmy right whale was classified under the family Neobalaenidae. Despite its name, the pygmy right whale is more

681:, while rorquals and gray whales generally have a flat head, long throat pleats, and are more streamlined than Balaenids. Rorquals also tend to be longer than the latter. Cetaceans ( 6529:

Pyenson, N. D.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Vogl, A. W.; Szathmary, G.; Drake, R. L.; Shadwick, R. E. (2012). "Discovery of a sensory organ that coordinates lunge-feeding in rorqual whales".

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Woodward, Becky L.; Winn, Jeremy P.; Fish, Frank E. (November 2006). "Morphological specializations of baleen whales associated with hydrodynamic performance and ecological niche".

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Unlike most animals, whales are conscious breathers. All mammals sleep, but whales cannot afford to become unconscious for long because they may drown. They are believed to exhibit

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Sasaki, Takeshi; Nikaido, Masato; Hamilton, Healy; Goto, Mutsuo; Kato, Hidehiro; Kanda, Naohisa; Pastene, Luis; Cao, Ying; Fordyce, R.; Hasegawa, Masami; Okada, Norihiro (2005).

3515:, the part of the brain responsible for memory and processing sensory information. Their cerebrum only makes up about 68% of their brain's weight, as opposed to human's 83%. The 3891:, in that a male may mate with more than one female. The scars on male whales suggest they fight for the right to mate with females during breeding season, somewhat similar to 3915:, at up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length, 78 cm (2.56 ft) in diameter, and weighing up to 238 kg (525 lb), are also the largest of any animal on Earth. 3357:

is usually reversed, with the males being larger, but the females of all baleen whales are usually five percent larger than males. Sexual dimorphism is also displayed through

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There are two types of feeding behaviors: skim-feeding and lunge-feeding, but some species do both depending on the type and amount of food. Lunge-feeders feed primarily on

2939:, the second-oldest mysticete, yielded a total length of 8 meters (26 ft), indicating filter feeding was not a driving feature in mysticete evolution. The discovery of 2933:

measuring no greater than 3 meters (10 ft). It is thought that their size increased with their dependence on baleen. However, the discovery of a skull of the toothed

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Marlow, Jeremy R.; Lange, Carina B.; Wefer, Gerold; Rosell-Melé, Antoni (2000-12-22). "Upwelling Intensification As Part of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Climate Transition".

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by commercial industries for these products, cetaceans are now protected by international law. These protections have allowed their numbers to recover. However, the

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O'Shea, Thomas J.; Brownell, Jr., Robert L. (1994). "Organochlorine and metal contaminants in baleen whales: a review and evaluation of conservation implications".

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cannot be done because their bulk and lack of body language make a reaction impossible to be definitive. However, studies on the brains of humpback whales revealed

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Baleen whales have two flippers on the front, near the head. Like all mammals, baleen whales breathe air and must surface periodically to do so. Their nostrils, or

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Butti, C.; Sherwood, C. C.; Hakeem, A. Y.; M. Allman, J.; Hof, P. R. (2009). "Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans".

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Baleen whales have fibroelastic (connective tissue) penises, similar to those of artiodactyls. The tip of the penis, which tapers toward the end, is called the

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by 17 t (17 long tons; 19 short tons) and grows from 7 to 8 m (23 to 26 ft) at birth to 13 to 16 m (43 to 52 ft) long. When it reaches

8829: 4146:). Two species—the North Atlantic right whale (with only around 366 individuals left) and Rice's whale (with less than 100 individuals left)—are considered 3071:

indicates the symphysis was elastic, which would have enabled rotation of each mandible, an initial adaptation for bulk feeding like in modern mysticetes.

1331:). Balaenidae was thought to have consisted of only one genus until studies done through the early 2000s reported that bowhead whales and right whales are 2587: 9453: 9090: 2016: 2047: 2010: 9504:

Vanderlaan, Angelia S. M.; Taggart, Christopher T. (2007). "Vessel Collisions with Whales: The Probability of Lethal Injury Based on Vessel Speed".

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frequencies. It is largely unknown how sound is received by baleen whales. Unlike in toothed whales, sound does not pass through the lower jaw. The

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had no teeth in their mouth, meaning they were fully dependent on baleen and could only filter feed. However, the 2018 discovery of the toothless

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effect results in low frequency propeller sounds not being discernible near the surface, where most accidents occur. Combined with spreading and

3730:(krill), though some lunge feeders also prey on schools of fish. Skim-feeders, like bowhead whales, feed upon primarily smaller plankton such as 2724: 2679: 2496: 2090: 4135: 2800: 2278: 2262: 597: 7614:

Potvin, J.; Goldbogen, J.A.; Shadwick, R.E. (2010). "Scaling of lunge feeding in rorqual whales: An integrated model of engulfment duration".

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Marx, Felix G. (2011). "The More the Merrier? A Large Cladistic Analysis of Mysticetes, and Comments on the Transition from Teeth to Baleen".

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on the skin, which takes a month to develop; this film causes minor damage to the skin. They are also plagued by internal parasites such as

3212:, to expand, increasing the amount of water that the mouth can store. The mandible is connected to the skull by dense fibers and cartilage ( 9372: 4898:

Marx, Felix (2010). "The More the Merrier? A Large Cladistic Analysis of Mysticetes, and Comments on the Transition from Teeth to Baleen".

3438:. To counteract overheating while in warmer waters, baleen whales reroute blood to the skin to accelerate heat-loss. They have the largest 2792: 2771: 2692: 2309: 2285: 2255: 2215: 230: 6823:

Norena, S. R.; Williams, A. M. (2000). "Body size and skeletal muscle myoglobin of cetaceans: adaptations for maximizing dive duration".

4211: 3468:

where it enters a three-chambered-stomach. The first compartment is known as the fore-stomach; this is where food gets ground up into an

2813: 2763: 2191: 8887: 12469: 5344:"A new Early Oligocene toothed 'baleen' whale (Mysticeti: Aetiocetidae) from western North America: one of the oldest and the smallest" 4856:[Possibility of the North Pacific Western group and eastern group exchanges as seen from the osteologic features of the gray whale 3998:

Unlike their toothed whale counterparts, baleen whales are hard to study because of their immense size. Intelligence tests such as the

1497:) and colleagues suggested that, based on phylogenic criteria, there are four extant genera of rorquals. They recommend that the genus 3144:

perhaps rivaling the blue whale in terms of size, though other studies disagree that any baleen whale grew that large in the Miocene.

1494: 616:. They have rarely been kept in captivity, and this has only been attempted with juveniles or members of one of the smallest species. 2779: 7501:

Croll, Donald A.; Marinovic, Baldo; Benson, Scott; Chavez, Francisco P.; Black, Nancy; Ternullo, Richard; Tershy, Bernie R. (2005).

4246:; however, Japan refuses to stop whaling and has only promised to cut their annual catches by a third (around 300 whales per year). 4198:(IFAW), claim that countries which support a pro-whaling stance are damaging their economies by driving away anti-whaling tourists. 3734:. They feed alone or in small groups. Baleen whales get the water they need from their food, and their kidneys excrete excess salt. 1033: 12322: 7550:

Sanders, Jon G.; Beichman, Annabel C.; Roman, Joe; Scott, Jarrod J.; Emerson, David; McCarthy, James J.; Girguis, Peter R. (2015).

7170: 4103:(IWC) placed a moratorium setting catch limits to protect species from dying out from over-exploitation, and eventually banned it: 570:

for a relatively long period of time over the period of migration, which varies between species. Baleen whales produce a number of

3480:. Then, the partly digested food is moved into the third stomach, where it meets fat-digesting enzymes, and is then mixed with an 12348: 3186: 2907:

lacked baleen in its jaw, the anatomy shows sufficient similarity to baleen whales. It appears to have had very limited apparent

2826: 9395: 3406:, which is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, can be 7.6 to 12.7 centimeters (3 to 5 in) thick. The aorta, an 3298:

on the top of their head, stretching from the tip of the rostrum to the blowhole, and, in right whales, on the chin. Like other

6432:

Vogle, A. W.; Lillie, Margo A.; Piscitelli, Marina A.; Goldbogen, Jeremy A.; Pyenson, Nicholas D.; Shadwick, Robert E. (2015).

6323:

Dines, James P.; Otárola-Castillo, Erik; Ralph, Peter; Alas, Jesse; Daley, Timothy; Smith, Andrew D.; Dean, Matthew D. (2014).

4292:

can be a significant threat, especially to small populations; the already endangered Rice's whale was likely devastated by the

3867:

after 5–10 years, it will be 20 to 24 m (66 to 79 ft) long and possibly live as long as 80–90 years. Calves are born

782: 10042: 566:. Calves are typically born in the winter and spring months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers 503:. Baleen whales can have streamlined or large bodies, depending on the feeding behavior, and two limbs that are modified into 12366: 10163: 10075: 10021: 9991: 9349: 9247: 9026: 8985: 8943: 8863: 8687: 8634: 8582: 8548: 8491: 8366: 8193: 7719: 7395: 7056: 6987: 6928: 6869: 6751: 5685: 5516: 5268: 5126: 5099: 4810: 4502: 4403: 4376: 4195: 1617:

assumed was an ironic reference to the animals' great size. An alternate name for the parvorder is "Mystacoceti" (from Greek

12353: 8389:

Fortune, Sarah M. E.; Trites, Andrew W.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Moore, Michael J.; Pettis, Heather M.; Lynn, Morgan S. (2012).

3798:. Some baleen whales will deliberately rub themselves on substrate to dislodge parasites. Some species of barnacle, such as 3638:, a bony capsule. However, this is attached to the skull, suggesting that vibrations passing through the bone is important. 3492:. Their intestinal tract is highly adapted to absorb the most nutrients from food; the walls are folded and contain copious 3042:). In baleen whales, it is thought that enlarged mouths adapted for suction feeding evolved before specializations for bulk 1629:"whale"), which, although obviously more appropriate and occasionally used in the past, has been superseded by "Mysticeti" ( 809: 9600:

Melcón, Mariana L.; Cummins, Amanda J.; Kerosky, Sara M.; Roche, Lauren K.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A. (2012).

7107:"Discovery of a low frequency sound source in Mysticeti (baleen whales): anatomical establishment of a vocal fold homolog" 4215: 1675: 923: 9843:"The California gray whale: papers presented at the California Gray Whale Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" 3341:

that coats teeth and bones, whereas minke whales have 1–4% hydroxyapatite. In most mammals, keratin structures, such as

3794:. However, in doing so it does not harm nor benefit the whale, so their relationship is often labeled as an example of 1340: 943: 5628:"Morphological and Molecular Evidence for a Stepwise Evolutionary Transition from Teeth to Baleen in Mysticete Whales" 4057:

and blubber by aboriginal groups; they used baleen for baskets or roofing, and made tools and masks out of bones. The

3193:; this sacrifices speed for stability in the water. The hind legs are enclosed inside the body, and are thought to be 10262: 9816: 9764: 7080: 7022: 6714: 4811:"Histoire évolutive des Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) racontée par l'analyse des génomes mitochondriaux" 4633: 2927:

built for tearing. These early mysticetes were exceedingly small compared to modern baleen whales, with species like

886: 9842: 9338:"Whaling in the Antarctic: Protecting Rights in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Through International Litigation" 8598: 8103: 12436: 11302: 8294:

W. Rice, D. (1977). "Synopsis of biological data on the sei whale and Bryde's whale in the eastern North Pacific".

7193:"Hearing from the ocean and into the river: the evolution of the inner ear of Platanistoidea (Cetacea: Odontoceti)" 7003: 4100: 3270:

that separates the blowholes has two plugs attached to it, making the blowholes water-tight while the whale dives.

511:

is the fastest baleen whale, recorded swimming at 10 m/s (36 km/h; 22 mph). Baleen whales use their

9270: 8703: 8271: 6682:"Morphology and Development of Blue Whale Baleen: An Annotated Translation of Tycho Tullberg's Classic 1883 Paper" 1013: 12392: 11284: 7307: 7231: 7147: 6937: 5202: 5065: 4069:

in the 16th century in search of right whales. 18th and 19th century whalers hunted down whales mainly for their

3177:

When swimming, baleen whales rely on their flippers for locomotion in a wing-like manner similar to penguins and

10092:

Goldbogen, J. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Oleson, E.; Potvin, J.; Pyenson, N. D.; Schorr, G.; Shadwick, R. E. (2011).

6300: 4463: 12008: 8084: 4243: 4235: 4234:, object to Japan's scientific whaling, with some calling it a substitute for commercial whaling. In 2014, the 3539: 9142:

Barnes, R. H. (1996). "Lamakera, Solor. Ethnographic Notes on a Muslim Whaling Village of Eastern Indonesia".

8806: 8786:

Stone Age people may have started hunting whales as early as 6,000 BC, new evidence from South Korea suggests.

6953: 6885: 6284: 3422:

will drop to 4 to 15 bpm to conserve oxygen. Like toothed whales, they have a dense network of blood vessels (

319: 12374: 11425: 11150: 11141: 10094:"Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: efficiency dependence on krill density" 9099: 3137: 979: 755: 8654: 4222:

and Iceland; it is thought that the entire stock consists of only ten individuals, making the eastern stock

11954: 10971: 10962: 10894: 8066: 6601: 6585: 5450:"The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene–Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones" 5017:"Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow" 4073:, which was used as lamp fuel and a lubricant, and baleen (or whalebone), which was used for items such as 3665:. Baleen whales have few if any taste buds, suggesting they have lost their sense of taste. They do retain 1610: 1131: 10062:

Feldhamer, George A.; Drickamer, Lee; Vessey, Stephen C.; Merritt, Joseph H.; Krajewski, Carey F. (2015).

9929: 7993:

Ford, John K. B.; Reeves, Randall R. (2008). "Fight or flight: antipredator strategies of baleen whales".

6681: 4266: 4123: 1303:

Phylogeny of baleen whales according to a 2019 analysis by McGowen and colleagues, with the Bryde's whale

12361: 12273: 12053: 11981: 11192: 11159: 10921: 9794: 4293: 4143: 2943:

and others like it suggests that baleen evolution went through several transitional phases. Species like

9209: 4851: 12139: 12086: 12077: 11004: 10412: 9184: 4520:"More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen" 4329: 4254: 4091: 4081:. The most successful whaling nations at this time were the Netherlands, Japan, and the United States. 3562:. The muscles surrounding the larynx may expel air rapidly or maintain a constant volume while diving. 3485: 3093:

is not well-preserved in these specimens, they are thought to have had baleen and been filter feeders.

1203: 1182: 805: 593: 118: 2953:

had both baleen and teeth, suggesting they had limited filter feeding capabilities; later genera like

134: 12441: 12402: 11972: 11927: 11895: 11886: 11871: 11862: 11712: 11311: 11168: 10421: 4062: 3610:

The mysticete ear is adapted for hearing underwater, where it can hear sound frequencies as low as 7

825: 629: 10172: 10084: 10030: 10000: 9914: 9867: 9682: 9652: 9583: 9358: 9256: 9162: 9035: 8994: 8952: 8696: 8591: 8557: 8500: 8427: 8375: 8264: 8202: 8168: 8007: 7728: 7600: 7469: 7404: 7300: 7065: 6996: 6878: 6809: 6760: 6707: 6666: 6512: 5974: 5694: 5660: 5434: 5277: 5195: 5135: 4884: 4794: 4552: 4218:

was extirpated from much of its former range, which stretched from the coast of North Africa to the

3329:

plates. They are made of a calcified, hard α-keratin material, a fiber-reinforced structure made of

12110: 12101: 12035: 11999: 11963: 11936: 11812: 11485: 11434: 11219: 10804: 6492:

Goldbogen, Jeremy A. (March–April 2010). "The Ultimate Mouthful: Lunge Feeding in Rorqual Whales".

5873:"A bizarre new toothed mysticete (Cetacea) from Australia and the early evolution of baleen whales" 5151:"Passive versus active engulfment: verdict from trajectory simulations of lunge-feeding fin whales 4281: 4274: 3804:

and whale barnacles, attach to the baleen plates, though this seldom occurs. A species of copepod,

3627: 3508: 609: 516: 9739:

Group), Randall Reeves (IUCN SSC Cetacean Specialist; Corkeron, Peter; Rosel, Patty (2017-06-28).

11821: 11629: 10813: 8515: 4935:"Baleen Whale Phylogeny and a Past Extensive Radiation Event Revealed by SINE Insertion Analysis" 4159: 3952: 3435: 465: 9802:

Entanglement of Marine Species in Marine Debris with an Emphasis on Species in the United States

7552:"Baleen whales host a unique gut microbiome with similarities to both carnivores and herbivores" 6920: 6913: 3333:(proteins). The degree of calcification varies between species, with the sei whale having 14.5% 12464: 12428: 12213: 12026: 11990: 11945: 11830: 11638: 10715: 10697: 8002: 6724: 6434:"Stretchy nerves are an essential component of the extreme feeding mechanism of rorqual whales" 3075: 2851: 9337: 9014: 8977: 8971: 8967: 8933: 8677: 8608: 8572: 8538: 8473: 8113: 7707: 7446: 7383: 7046: 7016: 6977: 6859: 6310: 5675: 5506: 5256: 4569:

Rosel, P.E.; Wilcox, L.A.; Yamada, T.K.; Millin, K.D. (2021). "A new species of baleen whale (

4166:(Omura's whale). Species that live in polar habitats are vulnerable to the effects of ongoing 829: 12423: 11252: 11243: 10475: 10255: 10153: 10009: 9979: 8713: 8441:

A.R. Knowlton; S.D. Kraus; R.D. Kenney (1994). "Reproduction in North Atlantic right whales (

8356: 8309:

Aguilar, A.; Lockyer, C. H. (1987). "Growth, physical maturity, and mortality of fin whales (

8281: 8183: 8097: 7317: 7241: 7157: 7032: 6963: 6947: 6898: 6741: 6611: 6595: 6294: 5215: 5116: 5078: 4366: 4147: 4128: 3472:

liquid, which is then squirted into the main stomach. Like in humans, the food is mixed with

3330: 2983: 1462: 487:

Baleen whales range in size from the 6 m (20 ft) and 3,000 kg (6,600 lb)

12415: 10063: 9667: 9235: 8623: 12309: 12260: 11721: 11647: 10885: 10403: 10189: 9705: 9613: 9513: 9407: 7947: 7894: 7847: 7784: 7670: 7623: 7563: 7514: 7204: 6790: 6538: 6445: 6385: 6229: 6176: 6116:"Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics" 6065: 5994:"Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics" 5725: 5582: 5461: 5355: 5028: 4671: 4582: 4223: 4011: 3876: 3559: 3217: 1656: 1332: 939: 778: 551: 9176:

O'Connor, S.; Campbell, R.; Cortez, H.; Knowles, T. (2009). "Whale Watching and Whaling".

6774:

Panigada, Simone; Zanardelli, Margherita; Canese, Simonepietro; Jahoda, Maddalena (1999).

4536: 4519: 3712: 1070: 8: 12251: 12062: 12017: 11730: 11458: 10945: 10861: 10852: 10724: 10234: 10038: 9394:

Gales, Nicholas J.; Kasuya, Toshio; Clapham, Phillip J.; Brownell, Jr, Robert L. (2005).

6775: 6077: 4325: 4321: 4191: 4171: 4118: 3888: 3854: 3570: 3234: 3120: 2900: 2886: 1821: 605: 585: 527:. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths. They have a layer of fat, or 10201: 10193: 9709: 9617: 9517: 9411: 9117: 8769: 8340:

Ohsumi, S. (1977). "Bryde's whales in the pelagic whaling ground of the North Pacific".

8030:

Dicken, M. L.; Kock, A. A.; Hardenberg, M. (2014). "First observations of dusky sharks (

7951: 7898: 7851: 7788: 7674: 7627: 7567: 7518: 7254:

Yamato, Maya; Ketten, Darlene R.; Arruda, Julie; Cramer, Scott; Moore, Kathleen (2012).

7208: 6794: 6542: 6449: 6389: 6233: 6180: 6069: 5729: 5586: 5465: 5359: 5032: 4860:

recently in the coastal area of Japan (1990–2005), especially from the skull shape]

4853:日本沿岸域に近年（1990–2005 年）出現したコククジラEschrichtius robustus の骨学的特徴，特に頭骨形状から見た北太平洋西部系群と東部系群交流の可能性 4675: 4586: 3775:

attacked a humpback whale calf. Usually, the only shark that will attack a whale is the

3591:'s size to prevent damage to the eye. As opposed to land mammals which have a flattened 1351:) whales are more closely related to each other than to the North Atlantic right whale ( 584:

The meat, blubber, baleen, and oil of baleen whales have traditionally been used by the

12201: 12044: 11509: 11500: 11267: 11076: 11067: 11052: 11043: 10903: 10837: 10828: 10772: 10763: 10466: 10123: 9636: 9601: 9567: 9540: 9431: 9178:

Whale Watching Worldwide: tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits

9151: 8751: 8416: 8248: 8217: 8152: 8127: 7970: 7931: 7859: 7815: 7772: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7688: 7584: 7551: 7532: 7356: 7331: 7284: 7255: 7220: 7136: 6650: 6625: 6562: 6471: 6409: 6349: 6324: 6261: 6202: 6140: 6115: 6026: 5993: 5958: 5933: 5897: 5872: 5810: 5785: 5751: 5608: 5487: 5423: 5404:"The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes" 5376: 5343: 5321: 5179: 5150: 5049: 5016: 4915: 4778: 4749: 4695: 4639: 4625: 4598: 4444: 4333: 4155: 4151: 4028: 4010:. Because of this, it is thought that baleen whales, or at least humpback whales, have 3924: 3880: 3776: 3411: 3259: 3190: 3128:

diet like modern baleen whales. Baleen whales experienced their first radiation in the

3098: 2895: 2862: 2708: 2649: 2579: 1699:

Baleen whales vary considerably in size and shape, depending on their feeding behavior.

1581: 1454: 919: 613: 547: 524: 520: 500: 473: 326: 129: 122: 9741:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Balaenoptera edeni Gulf of Mexico subpopulation" 6836: 1687:

preferring them over other species; they were essentially the "right whale" to catch.

12410: 12296: 11910: 11592: 11583: 10995: 10912: 10623: 10614: 10222: 10159: 10140: 10115: 10071: 10050: 10017: 9987: 9721: 9717: 9641: 9572: 9525: 9423: 9345: 9243: 9022: 8981: 8939: 8869: 8859: 8743: 8683: 8630: 8578: 8544: 8487: 8362: 8253: 8189: 8157: 8016: 7975: 7912: 7863: 7820: 7802: 7715: 7639: 7589: 7391: 7361: 7289: 7224: 7128: 7052: 6983: 6924: 6865: 6840: 6747: 6655: 6554: 6463: 6413: 6401: 6354: 6253: 6245: 6194: 6145: 6089: 6081: 6031: 6013: 5963: 5902: 5815: 5743: 5681: 5649: 5600: 5554: 5533: 5512: 5479: 5403: 5381: 5264: 5184: 5122: 5095: 5054: 4997: 4956: 4832: 4783: 4718: 4687: 4683: 4643: 4629: 4602: 4541: 4498: 4436: 4399: 4372: 3650: 3639: 3473: 3403: 3375: 3354: 3353:

Unlike other whales (and most other mammals), the females are larger than the males.

3286: 3024: 2988: 2393: 1813: 882: 674: 625: 555: 504: 496: 488: 453: 10127: 8420: 7773:"Oral cavity hydrodynamics and drag production in Balaenid whale suspension feeding" 7735: 7140: 6475: 6206: 5755: 5612: 5491: 5325: 4919: 4877: 4448: 1152: 534:

Although baleen whales are widespread, most species prefer the colder waters of the

12301: 12153: 11845: 11767: 11758: 11748: 11467: 11408: 11293: 11124: 10520: 10502: 10493: 10248: 10197: 10135:

Rice, Dale W. (1998). "Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution".

10105: 9854: 9713: 9631: 9621: 9562: 9552: 9521: 9435: 9415: 8910: 8755: 8735: 8479: 8454: 8406: 8322: 8243: 8233: 8147: 8139: 8047: 8012: 7965: 7955: 7902: 7855: 7810: 7792: 7678: 7631: 7579: 7571: 7522: 7458: 7351: 7343: 7330:

Feng, Ping; Zheng, Jinsong; Rossiter, Stephen J.; Wang, Ding; Zhao, Huabin (2014).

7279: 7271: 7212: 7118: 6832: 6798: 6696: 6645: 6637: 6566: 6546: 6501: 6453: 6393: 6344: 6336: 6265: 6237: 6184: 6135: 6127: 6073: 6021: 6005: 5989: 5953: 5945: 5892: 5884: 5851: 5841: 5805: 5797: 5733: 5709: 5639: 5626:

Deméré, Thomas; McGowen, Michael R.; Annalisa Berta; John Gatesy (September 2007).

5590: 5549: 5469: 5415: 5371: 5363: 5313: 5237: 5174: 5166: 5044: 5036: 4987: 4946: 4907: 4873: 4822: 4773: 4765: 4699: 4679: 4621: 4590: 4531: 4428: 4340: 3907: 3546: 3489: 3469: 3447: 3415: 3346: 3194: 3149: 2700: 2617: 2549: 1737: 1534: 1470: 1422: 1198: 1098: 899: 646: 601: 460:

of baleen whales. While cetaceans were historically thought to have descended from

418: 349: 12265: 9541:"Compliance with vessel speed restrictions to protect North Atlantic right whales" 6241: 5835: 3707: 3504:

more concentrated than seawater, it wastes a lot of water which must be replaced.

3374:

is relatively low compared to terrestrial mammals because of the inability of the

2885:, but the earliest Mysticeti fossils date to at least 34 million years ago. Their 12278: 11228: 11210: 11201: 11091: 10706: 10688: 10670: 10538: 9626: 7797: 5427: 4393: 4270: 4139: 3864: 3662: 3600: 3439: 3303: 3008: 2633: 2563: 2464: 2071: 1940: 1771: 1438: 1430: 1304: 1147: 1127: 1085: 698: 658: 433: 384: 289: 251: 12379: 9817:"J.J. The Gray Whale Going To Sea – Rescued Orphan Calf Will Be Freed This Week" 8858:. National Historic Sites, Parks Service, Environment Canada. pp. 260–286. 8655:"The Largest Penis in the World – Both for humans and animals, size does matter" 8483: 7657:

Laidre, Kristin L.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel (2007).

3754: 1754: 1666: 550:), although the degree of polygyny varies with the species. Male strategies for 12189: 12177: 12165: 11109: 10876: 10748: 10739: 10586: 10577: 10309: 9954:

Kimura, S.; Nemoto, T. (1956). "Note on a minke whale kept alive in aquarium".

9478: 9449: 7635: 5241: 4827: 4239: 4178: 4167: 4163: 4095: 4033: 4007: 4003: 3837: 3787: 3684: 3658: 3635: 3592: 3545:

It is largely unknown how baleen whales produce sound because of the lack of a

3528: 3443: 3431: 3427: 3334: 3213: 3205: 3136:

activity when Antarctica and Australia separated from each other, creating the

3129: 3043: 3028: 2968: 2747: 2732: 2672: 2572:

Rorqual skeleton with unfused mandibular symphysis (split jaw) clearly visible

2556: 2207: 2032: 2023: 1777: 1645: 1630: 1511: 1478: 1009: 662: 578: 441: 299: 273: 110: 9183:(Report). International Fund for Animal Welfare. pp. 9–12. Archived from 6458: 6433: 6189: 6164: 5738: 5713: 5644: 5627: 5595: 5570: 5474: 5449: 5419: 5317: 4992: 4975: 4911: 4616:

Gatesy, J.; McGowen, M. R. (2021). "Higher level phylogeny of baleen whales".

3204:

Rorquals, needing to build speed to feed, have several adaptions for reducing

2568: 12458: 12236: 11702: 11527: 10930: 10655: 10604: 10371: 10362: 8873: 7916: 7867: 7806: 6700: 6249: 6085: 6017: 5840:. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Vol. 93. pp. 313–356. 5483: 4722: 4285: 4138:(IUCN) recognizes 15 mysticete species (while not yet officially recognizing 3493: 3423: 3299: 3132:. It is thought this radiation was caused by global climate change and major 2416: 2400: 2374: 2173: 2110: 1915: 1907: 1796: 1671: 1586: 1519: 1380: 1324: 876: 751: 670: 477: 449: 429: 380: 284: 59: 10144: 10054: 8411: 8390: 8238: 5949: 4951: 4934: 3350:

called the "accessory plates". Accessory plates taper off into small hairs.

3197:. However, a 2014 study suggests that the pelvic bone serves as support for 12172: 11785: 11348: 11339: 11329: 10457: 10321: 10119: 9859: 9645: 9576: 9427: 8747: 8641:

the longest penis belongs to the blue whale at up to 2.4 m (8 ft)

8257: 8161: 8143: 7979: 7824: 7643: 7593: 7365: 7293: 7132: 6844: 6659: 6641: 6626:"Calcification provides mechanical reinforcement to whale baleen α-keratin" 6558: 6467: 6397: 6358: 6257: 6198: 6149: 6131: 6093: 6035: 6009: 5967: 5906: 5888: 5846: 5819: 5801: 5747: 5653: 5604: 5385: 5188: 5170: 5058: 5040: 5001: 4960: 4836: 4787: 4769: 4691: 4440: 4249: 4182: 4154:(the North Pacific right whale, the blue whale, and the sei whale), one as 4066: 3795: 3791: 3692: 3584: 3497: 3378:

to hold gas while diving. Doing so may cause serious complications such as

3307: 3267: 3080: 3067:

still had teeth, but the presence of a groove on the interior side of each

3059: 3054:

is short and the mouth enlarged, the rostrum is wide, and the edges of the

2916: 2870: 2640: 2608: 2594: 2505: 2488: 2448: 2432: 2381: 2365: 2039: 1924: 1868: 1827: 1515: 1401: 1388: 1363: 643: 312: 262: 245: 9725: 8679:

Wild mammals of North America : biology, management, and conservation

7960: 7462: 6405: 5837:

Cenozoic Mammals of Land and Sea: Tributes to the Career of Clayton E. Ray

5538:(Cetacea: Mysticeti), a toothed mysticete from the Oligocene of Australia" 4573:) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a review of its geographic distribution". 4545: 3871:, needing to be able to swim to the surface at the moment of their birth. 3164: 3037: 3034: 12335: 12288: 12245: 11546: 10787: 10386: 10315: 10240: 9666:

Reeves, Randal R.; Clapham, P.J. L.; Brownell, R.; K., Silber G. (1998).

8973:

Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the 20th Century

7347: 3999: 3933: 3849: 3833: 3800: 3772: 3768: 3759: 3619: 3580: 3371: 3370:

usually 80%, whereas humans only extract 20% of oxygen from inhaled air.

3209: 3198: 3086: 3074:

The first toothless ancestors of baleen whales appeared before the first

2992: 2961: 2955: 2890: 2716: 2513: 2456: 2408: 2318: 2165: 2106: 2079: 1883: 1760: 1713: 1358:

Cetotheriidae consists of only one living member: the pygmy right whale (

694: 654: 574: 425: 279: 186: 34: 9155: 7692: 7536: 7216: 6624:

J. Szewciw, L.; de Kerckhove, D. G.; Grime, G. W.; Fudge, D. S. (2010).

6550: 6505: 5367: 4296:, with some estimates indicating a decline of up to 22% in the species. 3426:) which prevents heat-loss. Like in most mammals, heat is lost in their 12327: 10562: 10553: 10511: 10352: 10110: 10093: 7575: 7527: 7502: 7171:"Appendix H: Marine Mammal Hearing and Sensitivity to Acoustic Impacts" 6802: 5856: 5015:Áranson, Úlfur; Lammers, Fritjof; Kumar, Vikas; Nilsson, Maria (2018). 4493:

Minasian, Stanley M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C.; Foster, Larry, eds. (1984).

4432: 4231: 4054: 4038: 3987: 3976: 3892: 3783: 3630:

is blocked by connective tissue and an ear plug, which connects to the

3623: 3550: 3524: 3516: 3450: 3419: 3358: 3282: 3178: 3063: 3000: 2974: 2949: 2935: 2929: 2874: 2754: 2645: 2538: 2480: 2472: 2440: 2424: 2325: 2293: 2269: 2239: 2133: 2125: 2102: 1971: 1964: 1955: 1947: 1931: 1891: 1875: 1847: 1743: 1652: 1486: 1446: 1065: 975: 738: 666: 650: 571: 563: 559: 543: 492: 481: 461: 445: 421: 294: 114: 79: 44: 12340: 9557: 8739: 7907: 7882: 7683: 7658: 7191:

Viglino, M.; Gaetán, M.; Buono, M.R.; Fordyce, R.E.; Park, T. (2021).

6340: 5625: 5259:. In Jones, Mary Lou; L. Swartz, Steven; Leatherwood, Stephen (eds.). 4594: 3464:

When sieved from the water, food is swallowed and travels through the

2987:

is the earliest mysticete, dating back to 37 to 33 million years ago (

2877:(toothed whales) between 26 and 17 million years ago between the late 1807: 101: 11803: 11665: 10529: 10484: 8676:

Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C.; Chapman, Joseph A. (2003).

7332:"Massive losses of taste receptor genes in toothed and baleen whales" 7275: 7123: 7106: 6911:

Berne, Robert; Matthew, Levy; Koeppen, Bruce; Stanton, Bruce (2004).

6055: 5934:"Radiation of Extant Cetaceans Driven by Restructuring of the Oceans" 4289: 4258: 4219: 4078: 4070: 4045: 3884: 3868: 3720: 3666: 3654: 3615: 3604: 3465: 3418:(bpm), as opposed to the 60 to 100 bpm in humans. When diving, their 3383: 3295: 3274: 3252:

Paired blowholes of a humpback and the V-shaped blow of a right whale

3153: 3112: 3102: 3051: 3020: 3004: 2878: 2667: 2625: 2357: 2349: 2333: 2231: 2223: 2157: 2148: 2141: 2063: 2055: 1995: 1861: 1709: 1705: 1695: 1576: 1493:). In a 2012 review of cetacean taxonomy, Alexandre Hassanin (of the 1414: 1406: 1394: 1336: 1178: 1029: 639: 539: 508: 238: 219: 146: 84: 12207: 9982:. In F. Perrin, William; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.). 9419: 9063: 8830:"A Savage History: Whaling in the South Pacific and Southern Oceans" 8540:

Return to the Sea: The Life and Evolutionary Times of Marine Mammals

8458: 8391:"Growth and rapid early development of North Atlantic right whales ( 8326: 8051: 7192: 6680:

Fudge, Douglas S.; Szewciw, Lawrence J.; Schwalb, Astrid N. (2009).

5228:

Lockyer, C. (1976). "Body weights of some species of large whales".

4242:

judicial branch) banned the taking of whales for any purpose in the

2995:, and, like other early toothed mysticetes, or "archaeomysticetes", 1501:

be limited to the fin whale, have minke whales fall under the genus

523:, and are unable to turn their heads at all. Baleen whales have two 12230: 12184: 11564: 11537: 11449: 11390: 11183: 10986: 10303: 10291: 10229: 7503:"From wind to whales:: trophic links in a coastal upwelling system" 5674:

Vaughan, Terry A.; Ryan, James M.; Czaplewski, Nicholas J. (2011).

3829: 3821: 3520: 3512: 3481: 3379: 3133: 3068: 3055: 2924: 2908: 2530: 2522: 2199: 2003: 1987: 1721: 1641: 1375: 690: 635: 414: 403: 166: 74: 69: 54: 49: 39: 9240:

Defying Extinction – Partnerships to Safeguard Global Biodiversity

8440: 7930:

Ferguson, Steven H.; Higdon, Jeff W.; Westdal, Kristin H. (2012).

3457:

10 in) in diameter, as opposed to human's 7.1-micrometer (2.8

3399: 1599:, "the mouse, the whale so called") was mistakenly translated as " 12314: 11610: 11476: 11372: 11363: 11019: 10439: 10272: 10091: 9740: 9336:

H. Schofield, Clive; Lee, Seokwoo; Kwon, Moon-Sang, eds. (2014).

9175: 8472:

Duffus, John H.; Templeton, Douglas M.; Nordberg, Monica (2009).

7746: 5255:

Jones, Mary Lou; Swartz, Steven L.; Leatherwood, Stephen (1984).

4300: 4049: 3825: 3817: 3731: 3643: 3631: 3532: 3338: 3326: 3290: 3263: 3243: 3140:. Balaenopterids grew bigger during this time, with species like 3125: 3108: 3094: 2912: 2882: 2388: 2116: 1717: 1684: 1575:) apparently derives from a translation error in early copies of 1383:; Neobalaenidae was demoted to subfamily level as Neobalaeninae. 1319: 702: 686: 678: 589: 567: 528: 457: 437: 407: 399: 391: 196: 89: 64: 6623: 5402:

Deméré, Thomas A.; Berta, Annalisa; McGowen, Michael R. (2005).

4311: 4065:

started whaling as early as the 11th century, sailing as far as

3168:

A humpback whale skeleton. Notice how the jaw is split into two.

2856: 1339:

different. According to a study done by H. C. Rosenbaum (of the

677:). Balaenids are distinguished by their enlarged head and thick 11100: 10297: 10285: 10217: 7481: 7479: 7260:): A Potential Fatty Sound Reception Pathway in a Baleen Whale" 6165:"The Ecological Rise of Whales Chronicled by the Fossil Record" 4976:"Mitochondrial Phylogenetics and Evolution of Mysticete Whales" 4656: 4201: 4074: 3912: 3809: 3596: 3554: 3477: 3407: 3318: 3278: 3090: 2920: 1899: 1637: 1366:

resembling a smaller version of the right whale, and was named

535: 512: 491:

to the 31 m (102 ft) and 190 t (210 short tons)

410: 176: 156: 9393: 8313:) inhabiting the temperate waters of the northeast Atlantic". 6773: 6431: 6322: 1561: 1362:). The first descriptions date back to the 1840s of bones and 364: 11684: 11675: 11574: 9292: 8682:(2nd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 432. 7420:"A Gray Whale Breaks The Record For Longest Mammal Migration" 6528: 5571:"Gigantism precedes filter feeding in baleen whale evolution" 5505:

Jamieson, Barrie G. M. (2016-04-19). Miller, Debra L. (ed.).

5230:

Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer

4187: 4058: 3727: 3611: 3588: 3501: 3389: 3216:), allowing the jaw to swing open at almost a 90° angle. The 3182: 2965:

indicates some lineages evolved toothlessness before baleen.

1661: 1644:

and other small organisms from the water. The term "baleen" (

1624: 1618: 1600: 1590: 682: 542:. Gray whales are specialized for feeding on bottom-dwelling 469: 395: 8725: 7880: 7752: 7656: 7476: 4729: 3058:

are thin, indicating an adaptation for suction feeding. The

11620: 11028: 9479:"Japan to resume whaling in Antarctic despite court ruling" 7883:"Role of the bowhead whale as a predator in West Greenland" 7881:

Laidre, KL; Heide-Jørgensen, MP; Nielsen, TG (2007-09-27).

7659:"Role of the bowhead whale as a predator in West Greenland" 6219: 5913: 5342:

Marx, Felix G.; Tsai, Cheng-Hsiu; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2015).

4371:(Second ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 19. 4142:

as a species, it still gives it a conservation status as a

3929: 3808:, inhabits baleen plates of whales. A species of Antarctic 3393:

The heart of a blue whale with a person standing next to it

3342: 1567: 355: 9314: 9050:

International Whaling Commission Schedule, paragraph 10(e)

8388: 7500: 6910: 5680:(5 ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 364. 5014: 4395:

Wild Blue: A Natural History of the World's Largest Animal

12160: 10653: 9599: 8938:. The University of California Press. pp. 220, 549. 8089: 8087: 7549: 7190: 6272: 5931: 4933:

Nikaido, Masato; Hamilton, Healy; Makino, Hitomi (2006).

4807: 4086: 3782:

Many parasites and epibiotics latch onto whales, notably

3313: 1552: 1543: 9454:"U.N. Court Orders Japan to Halt Whaling Off Antarctica" 8675: 7253: 7008: 7006: 6114:

Slater, G. J.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Pyenson, N. D. (2017).

5707: 5207: 5205: 5070: 5068: 3488:

the acid from the fore-stomach to prevent damage to the

3097:

baleen whales were preyed upon by larger predators like

1651:, etc.) is an archaic word for "whale", which came from 600:. Besides hunting, baleen whales also face threats from 10335: 9695: 9665: 9539:

Silber, G. K.; Adams, J. D.; Fonnesbeck, C. J. (2014).

9068:

The IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Version 2013.1

8471: 8128:"Larval development and settlement of a whale barnacle" 7613: 6630:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

6372:

Bose, N.; Lien, J. (1989). "Propulsion of a fin whale (

6120:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

5148: 4568: 7936:) in Nunavut, Canada based on Inuit hunter interviews" 6113: 5987: 5254: 5149:

Potvin, J.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Shadwick, R. E. (2009).

4973: 3511:. Like other mammals, their brain has a large, folded 12137: 9538: 9271:"IUCN Species of the Day: North Atlantic Right Whale" 7932:"Prey items and predation behavior of killer whales ( 7929: 7496: 7494: 7329: 6890: 6888: 5673: 4932: 4497:. New York: The Smithsonian Institution. p. 18. 4492: 4112: 3669:

taste-buds suggesting that they can taste saltiness.

3273:

Like other mammals, the skin of baleen whales has an

3156:, causing high-prey-density zones, led to gigantism. 3003:

used for suction feeding. Archaeomysticetes from the

1636:

Mysticetes are also known as baleen whales for their

1558: 1546: 1537: 367: 9098:. World Wildlife Fund. pp. 9–10. Archived from 8029: 7837: 7714:. University of California Press. pp. 245–247. 7445:

Kellogg, Remington C.; Whitmore, Jr., Frank (1957).

7444: 6573: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 5714:"Tooth Loss Precedes the Origin of Baleen in Whales" 4194:

that takes whales. Anti-whaling groups, such as the

3653:. This allows baleen whales to detect chemicals and 3410:, can be 1.9 centimeters (.75 in) thick. Their 1564: 1549: 361: 352: 9956:

Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute

9738: 9335: 8302: 6679: 1555: 1540: 358: 16:

Whales that strain food from the water using baleen

10043:"Syllabus of Lectures on Geology and Paleontology" 9880: 8622: 7491: 7081:"Sleeping Humpback Whale Captured In Rare Footage" 6982:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 100. 6912: 5401: 4662:: Questioning the number of right whale species". 4495:The World's Whales: The Complete Illustrated Guide 4190:(an island of Indonesia) is the only place of the 2947:had little to no baleen, while later species like 417:creatures from the water. Mysticeti comprises the 9881:Sumich, J. L.; Goff, T.; Perryman, W. L. (2001). 9804:. NOAA Marine Debris Report. 2014. pp. 9–10. 9503: 7104: 6042: 3967:Recording of Humpback Whales singing and clicking 531:, under the skin to keep warm in the cold water. 413:plates (or "whalebone") in their mouths to sieve 12456: 9678:. National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 42. 8931: 8216:Ólafsdóttir, Droplaug; Shinn, Andrew P. (2013). 8215: 7771:Potvin, Jean; Werth, Alexander J. (2017-04-11). 7180:. p. H-4, § Hearing in Mysticete Cetaceans. 6743:Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds 6487: 6485: 4712: 4418: 3683:(14,000 mi) from the Sea of Okhotsk to the 10180:Uhen, M. D. (2010). "The Origin(s) of Whales". 9008: 9006: 9004: 8804: 8543:. University of California Press. p. 121. 8125: 7708:"Feeding pattern of baleen whales in the ocean" 6864:(3rd ed.). Worth Publishers. p. 206. 6376:) : why the fin whale is a fast swimmer". 6325:"Sexual selection targets cetacean pelvic bone" 5508:Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetaceans 5341: 5094:. Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. 4170:, particularly declines in sea ice, as well as 3843: 3711:Humpback whales lunge-feeding in the course of 3574:Their eyes are relatively small for their size. 3386:which allows them to hold their breath longer. 1690: 8856:Basque whaling in Labrador in the 16th century 8342:Report of the International Whaling Commission 8308: 8296:Report of the International Whaling Commission 8218:"Epibiotic macrofauna on common minke whales, 8126:Nogata, Yasuyuki; Matsumura, Kiyotaka (2006). 6822: 5397: 5395: 4136:International Union for Conservation of Nature 3599:is surrounded by a reflective layer of cells ( 3553:. In a 2007 study, it was discovered that the 3453:) of any mammal, measuring 10 micrometers (4.1 3345:, air-dry, but aquatic whales rely on calcium 1609:, "the Mysticetus"), which D. W. Rice (of the 598:International Union for Conservation of Nature 10256: 10182:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 9930:"Rescued Whale J.J. Begins Long Journey Home" 9448: 9019:Marine Environmental Biology and Conservation 8805:Marrero, Meghan E.; Thornton, Stuart (2011). 6482: 5832: 5263:. Elsevier Science. pp. 33–34, 423–424. 4615: 3779:, which leaves a small, non-fatal bite mark. 9953: 9602:"Blue Whales Respond to Anthropogenic Noise" 9021:. Jones and Bartlett Learning. p. 328. 9001: 7381: 6524: 6522: 5767: 5765: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5118:Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America 4849: 4564: 4562: 4284:(PCB) is generally low because of their low 4205:A protest against Japan's scientific whaling 3649:Baleen whales have a small, yet functional, 3507:Baleen whales have a relatively small brain 2911:capabilities. Its jaw contained teeth, with 1850:" signs denote extinct families and genera. 515:to filter out food from the water by either 8800: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8646: 8478:. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 171. 8465: 8358:Biology and Exploitation of the Minke Whale 8333: 7770: 7184: 6735: 6733: 5568: 5392: 4747: 4741: 4358: 4216:eastern stock of North Atlantic right whale 4017: 3749: 3634:. The inner-ear bones are contained in the 10270: 10263: 10249: 9841:Hubbs, Carl L.; Evans, E. William (1974). 9840: 8976:. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. pp. 8908: 8571:Evans, Peter G. H.; Raga, Juan A. (2001). 8513: 7992: 7256:"The Auditory Anatomy of the Minke Whale ( 7105:Reidenberg, J. S.; Laitman, J. T. (2007). 6979:Clinical Hematology: Theory and Procedures 6746:. Cambridge University Press. p. 39. 5870: 5783: 5531: 4713:Cousteau, Jacques; Paccalet, Yves (1986). 4474:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 4468:: North Atlantic right whale: Information" 4461: 4391: 519:or skim-feeding. Baleen whales have fused 100: 11756: 11710: 10109: 10068:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology 10061: 10007: 9977: 9883:"Growth of two captive gray whale calves" 9858: 9635: 9625: 9595: 9593: 9566: 9556: 9210:"Gray Whale Removed From Endangered List" 8709: 8604: 8570: 8410: 8277: 8247: 8237: 8151: 8109: 8093: 8006: 7969: 7959: 7906: 7814: 7796: 7758: 7682: 7583: 7526: 7485: 7377: 7375: 7355: 7313: 7283: 7237: 7153: 7122: 7078: 7028: 7012: 6943: 6857: 6825:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 6720: 6649: 6519: 6491: 6457: 6348: 6306: 6290: 6278: 6188: 6139: 6025: 5988:Slater, Graham J.; Goldbogen, Jeremy A.; 5957: 5919: 5896: 5855: 5845: 5809: 5786:"Archaeocete-like jaws in a baleen whale" 5762: 5737: 5643: 5594: 5553: 5542:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 5473: 5375: 5337: 5335: 5284: 5211: 5178: 5074: 5048: 4991: 4950: 4826: 4777: 4735: 4559: 4535: 4412: 4385: 4299:Some baleen whales can become victims of 4127:Japanese scientific whaling on a pair of 3046:. In the toothed Oligocene mammalodontid 476:(Artiodactyla). Baleen whales split from 9207: 8791: 8574:Marine Mammals: Biology and Conservation 7382:Lockyer, C. J. H.; Brown, S. G. (1981). 6739: 6730: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6371: 5504: 5257:"A Review of Gray Whale Feeding Ecology" 4801: 4310: 4280:Poisoning from toxic substances such as 4248: 4200: 4122: 4044:Whaling by humans has existed since the 4032: 3928: 3853: 3753: 3706: 3569: 3527:particles, which may allow them to find 3388: 3312: 3163: 3107: 2967: 2855: 2648: 2567: 1694: 11535: 9012: 8965: 8932:Tonnessen, J. N.; Johnsen, A.O (1982). 8620: 8577:. Plenum Publishers. pp. 221–223. 8354: 8293: 8287: 7051:. Transaction Publishers. p. 314. 6975: 6162: 5511:. Vol. 7. CRC Press. p. 111. 5447: 5227: 4748:Fordyce, R. E.; Marx, Felix G. (2012). 4650: 2903:. While, unlike a modern baleen whale, 2869:Molecular phylogeny suggests Mysticeti 2845: 1683:Right whales got their name because of 1370:. In 1864, it was moved into the genus 1307:expanded following Rosel et al (2021). 596:is ranked critically endangered by the 12457: 11673: 10612: 10151: 9590: 9141: 9088: 8853: 8807:"Big Fish: A Brief History of Whaling" 8652: 8516:"Patented harpoon pins down whale age" 8339: 7705: 7372: 6959: 6894: 6607: 6591: 6579: 5712:; Marshall, C. D.; Uhe, M. D. (2018). 5332: 5159:Journal of the Royal Society Interface 4967: 4517: 4368:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 3587:zones by increasing or decreasing the 3579:eye is adapted for seeing both in the 3523:on the brains of gray whales revealed 12212: 12211: 10652: 10334: 10244: 9927: 9814: 9396:"Japan's whaling plan under scrutiny" 9233: 9115: 8911:"British Arctic whaling: an overview" 8821: 8536: 8181: 7451:Geological Society of America Memoirs 7422:. National Geographic. Archived from 6420: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6103: 5261:The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius robustus 5114: 4537:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025790 4486: 4196:International Fund for Animal Welfare 4061:hunt whales in the Arctic Ocean. The 4022: 2899:was discovered in the early 1990s in 2893:) remained unknown until the extinct 1343:) and colleagues, the North Pacific ( 12403:f8f8734d-6b17-4ffb-a5f5-edce9d0eeffb 11572: 10179: 10134: 10037: 10014:Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide 9042: 8827: 8728:The Journal of Comparative Neurology 8222:Lacépède, 1804, in Icelandic waters" 8188:. Orca Book Publishing. p. 62. 7044: 6861:Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6078:10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033905 5771: 5569:Fordyce, R. E.; Marx, F. G. (2018). 5303: 5121:. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 22. 5084: 4897: 4365:Paul, Gregory S. (25 October 2016). 4364: 4162:(Antarctic minke whale), and one as 3595:, whales have a spherical lens. The 1614: 1495:Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 468:evidence instead supports them as a 211: 11618: 10202:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152453 9745:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 9052:. International Whaling Commission. 8770:"Rock art hints at whaling origins" 8071:ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research 7417: 5534:"The morphology and systematics of 5454:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4392:Bortolotti, Dan (14 October 2008). 3642:may reflect vibrations towards the 3364: 3224: 1313:Balaenidae consists of two genera: 697:are now classified under the order 13: 10070:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 10016:. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 9317:. International Whaling Commission 9295:. International Whaling Commission 8064: 7860:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00024.x 6858:Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2008). 6776:"How deep can baleen whales dive?" 6378:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 6100: 5008: 4926: 4891: 4758:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4626:10.1016/b978-0-12-818969-6.00001-7 4113:Conservation and management issues 3941: 3124:specialized benthic, plankton, or 1649:baleyn, ballayne, ballien, bellane 1386:Rorquals consist of three genera ( 1341:American Museum of Natural History 14: 12481: 12470:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope 11285:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( 10210: 9118:"Whale watching 'worth billions'" 7178:Atlantic G&G Programmatic EIS 5092:Shorter Oxford English dictionary 3321:plates taper off into small hairs 3262:, are situated at the top of the 3023:. They were small with shortened 708: 12195: 12183: 12171: 12159: 12147: 10228: 10216: 10171: 10083: 10029: 9999: 9947: 9921: 9913: 9874: 9866: 9834: 9808: 9787: 9757: 9732: 9698:Science of the Total Environment 9689: 9681: 9670:Recovery plan for the blue whale 9659: 9651: 9582: 9532: 9526:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00098.x 9497: 9471: 9442: 9387: 9365: 9357: 9329: 9307: 9285: 9263: 9255: 9227: 9201: 9169: 9161: 9135: 9109: 9082: 9056: 9034: 8993: 8959: 8951: 8925: 8902: 8880: 8847: 8762: 8719: 8695: 8669: 8614: 8590: 8564: 8556: 8530: 8507: 8499: 8434: 8426: 8382: 8374: 8348: 8263: 8209: 8201: 8175: 8167: 8119: 8017:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00118.x 7727: 7599: 7468: 7403: 7299: 7064: 6995: 6877: 6808: 6759: 6706: 6665: 6511: 5973: 5877:Proceedings of the Royal Society 5871:Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (2006). 5784:Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (2012). 5693: 5659: 5555:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00572.x 5433: 5276: 5194: 5134: 4883: 4793: 4684:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01066.x 4551: 4101:International Whaling Commission 3975:Problems playing this file? See 3957: 3325:The baleen of baleen whales are 3242: 3233: 1820: 1806: 1789: 1770: 1753: 1736: 1533: 1531:The taxonomic name "Mysticeti" ( 1202: 1181: 1151: 1130: 1069: 1032: 1012: 978: 942: 922: 885: 828: 808: 781: 754: 586:indigenous peoples of the Arctic 348: 133: 32: 11426:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise ( 11303:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin ( 11151:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin ( 11142:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( 10098:Journal of Experimental Biology 9342:Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction 9064:"Keyword search: Baleen whales" 8058: 8023: 7986: 7923: 7874: 7831: 7764: 7699: 7650: 7607: 7543: 7438: 7411: 7323: 7247: 7163: 7098: 7072: 7038: 6969: 6904: 6851: 6816: 6767: 6673: 6617: 6365: 6316: 6213: 6156: 6058:Annual Review of Marine Science 5981: 5925: 5864: 5826: 5777: 5701: 5667: 5619: 5562: 5532:Fitzgerald, Erich M.G. (2010). 5525: 5498: 5441: 5248: 5221: 5142: 5108: 4939:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4878:10.11238/mammalianscience.54.73 4850:Nakamura, G.; Kato, H. (2014). 4843: 4706: 4524:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4306: 4150:. Three more are classified as 3993: 3622:whose hearing is optimized for 3152:increase in seasonally intense 1730:The three baleen whale families 642:Mysticeti, and consist of four 499:to have ever existed. They are 10972:Southern right whale dolphin ( 10963:Northern right whale dolphin ( 10895:Atlantic white-sided dolphin ( 9986:(2 ed.). Academic Press. 9984:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 9970: 9238:. In Fitzpatrick, Lisa (ed.). 8040:Marine and Freshwater Research 8034:) attacking a humpback whale ( 7887:Marine Ecology Progress Series 7663:Marine Ecology Progress Series 7616:Journal of Theoretical Biology 7507:Marine Ecology Progress Series 6783:Marine Ecology Progress Series 5408:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 5306:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4900:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4609: 4511: 4455: 4257:after it collided with a ship 4244:Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary 4236:International Court of Justice 3540:unihemispheric slow-wave sleep 3461:10 in) blood corpuscles. 2889:to archaic toothed cetaceans ( 608:. It has been speculated that 1: 12009:Deraniyagala's beaked whale ( 11982:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale ( 11193:Pantropical spotted dolphin ( 11160:Australian humpback dolphin ( 10922:Pacific white-sided dolphin ( 9773:Office of Protected Resources 9765:"North Atlantic Right Whale ( 9242:. Earth in Focus. p. 7. 8935:The History of Modern Whaling 8621:Glenday, Craig (2015-09-01). 8361:. CRC Press. pp. 72–80. 8185:Gray Whales: Wandering Giants 8067:"Squaliformes Dogfish Sharks" 7079:Mosbergen, Dominique (2014). 6837:10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00182-3 6242:10.1126/science.290.5500.2288 6163:Pyenson, Nicholas D. (2017). 4754:: the last of the cetotheres" 4462:Crane, J.; Scott, R. (2002). 4346: 3918: 3908:largest penis of any organism 3434:. This is otherwise known as 3138:Antarctic Circumpolar Current 11005:Australian snubfin dolphin ( 10413:North Atlantic right whale ( 10137:Society for Marine Mammalogy 10008:Cavendish, Marshall (2010). 9980:"Baleen Whales (Mysticetes)" 9896:(3): 231–233. Archived from 9718:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90087-6 9627:10.1371/journal.pone.0032681 8909:Stonehouse, Bernard (2007). 8890:. New Bedford Whaling Museum 7798:10.1371/journal.pone.0175220 7390:. CUP Archive. p. 111. 7336:Genome Biology and Evolution 6329:Journal of Organic Evolution 4351: 4006:, which, in humans, control 3858:Female right whale with calf 3844:Reproduction and development 3677: 3115:hunted Miocene baleen whales 1691:Differences between families 1611:Society for Marine Mammalogy 1526: 1335:(different skull shape) and 7: 11955:Blainville's beaked whale ( 11896:Tropical bottlenose whale ( 11872:Southern bottlenose whale ( 11863:Northern bottlenose whale ( 11312:Common bottlenose dolphin ( 11169:Atlantic humpback dolphin ( 10422:North Pacific right whale ( 10152:Tinker, Spencer W. (1988). 9978:Bannister, John L. (2008). 9315:"Scientific Permit Whaling" 9015:"Conservation of Cetaceans" 8514:Leigh Haag, Amanda (2007). 8484:10.1039/9781847559753-00013 8447:Canadian Journal of Zoology 8355:Horwood, Joseph W. (1990). 8315:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4658:genetic differentiation of 4294:Deepwater Horizon oil spill 4144:distinct population segment 3702: 3672: 3509:compared to their body mass 619: 577:, notably the songs of the 10: 12486: 12054:Stejneger's beaked whale ( 11435:Yangtze finless porpoise ( 11220:Atlantic spotted dolphin ( 10805:Short-finned pilot whale ( 9452:; Simons, Marlise (2014). 9375:. Greenpeace International 8629:. Guinness World Records. 8220:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 7636:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.08.026 7258:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6919:. Elsevier Mosby. p. 6740:Ponganis, Paul J. (2015). 5348:Royal Society Open Science 4828:10.1016/j.crvi.2011.11.002 4330:Marina del Rey, California 4271:acoustic shadowing effects 4255:North Atlantic right whale 4116: 4037:World population graph of 4026: 3922: 3847: 3159: 2849: 1670:, derived itself from the 1640:, which they use to sieve 1625: 1619: 1601: 1591: 806:North Atlantic right whale 623: 594:North Atlantic right whale 456:). There are currently 16 119:North Atlantic right whale 12220: 12099: 12087:Shepherd's beaked whale ( 12075: 11908: 11884: 11843: 11801: 11784: 11747: 11701: 11664: 11630:Araguaian river dolphin ( 11609: 11563: 11526: 11498: 11447: 11406: 11389: 11361: 11337: 11328: 11265: 11241: 11181: 11122: 11089: 11065: 11041: 11017: 10984: 10943: 10874: 10850: 10826: 10814:Long-finned pilot whale ( 10785: 10761: 10737: 10686: 10669: 10665: 10648: 10603: 10575: 10551: 10455: 10438: 10384: 10360: 10351: 10347: 10330: 10280: 8298:. Special Issue 1: 92–97. 7384:"The Migration of Whales" 7048:The Natural Law of Cycles 6976:Turgeon, Mary L. (2004). 6459:10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.007 6190:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.001 5739:10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.047 5645:10.1080/10635150701884632 5596:10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.027 5475:10.1080/14772011003594961 5420:10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3 5318:10.1007/s10914-010-9148-4 4993:10.1080/10635150590905939 4912:10.1007/s10914-010-9148-4 4332:, where it was rushed to 4315:A gray whale in captivity 3906:. The blue whale has the 3565: 3172: 3089:of the snout. Though the 1196: 1176: 1145: 1125: 1118: 1111: 1096: 1089: 1063: 1056: 1027: 1007: 1000: 993: 973: 966: 937: 917: 910: 903: 880: 870: 826:North Pacific right whale 823: 803: 796: 776: 769: 749: 742: 732: 725: 630:List of extinct cetaceans 332: 325: 318: 311: 225: 218: 130:Scientific classification 128: 109:Clockwise from top left: 108: 99: 23: 11973:Gervais's beaked whale ( 11928:Sowerby's beaked whale ( 11639:Bolivian river dolphin ( 9485:. Associated Press. 2015 9208:Clifford, Frank (1994). 9013:Beckman, Daniel (2013). 8828:Ford, Catherine (2015). 8537:Berta, Annalisa (2012). 7706:Steele, John H. (1970). 6701:10.1578/AM.35.2.2009.226 5242:10.1093/icesjms/36.3.259 5115:Dolin, Eric Jay (2007). 4852: 4815:Comptes Rendus Biologies 4282:polychlorinated biphenyl 4158:(the fin whale), one as 4018:Relationship with humans 3750:Predation and parasitism 2972:Archaeomysticetes, like 1084:Bryde's whale 554:vary between performing 12111:Cuvier's beaked whale ( 12036:Perrin's beaked whale ( 12000:Hector's beaked whale ( 11964:Ramari's beaked whale ( 11937:Andrews' beaked whale ( 11813:Arnoux's beaked whale ( 11486:Burmeister's porpoise ( 11253:Rough-toothed dolphin ( 10677:(Oceanic dolphins) 10476:Antarctic minke whale ( 9847:Marine Fisheries Review 9672:(Balaenoptera musculus) 9116:Black, Richard (2009). 8966:McNeill, J. R. (2000). 8653:Anitei, Stefan (2007). 8412:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-297.1 8239:10.1186/1756-3305-6-105 8226:Parasites & Vectors 7386:. In Aidley, D. (ed.). 7045:Bunn, James H. (2014). 5448:Steeman, M. E. (2010). 4750:"The pygmy right whale 4341:Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan 4212:endangered species list 4048:. Ancient whalers used 3436:countercurrent exchange 3142:Balaenoptera sibbaldina 3078:in the late Oligocene. 2919:built for stabbing and 2758:(existence unconfirmed) 1405:) and ten species: the 480:(Odontoceti) around 34 11822:Baird's beaked whale ( 11722:Ganges river dolphin ( 11648:Amazon river dolphin ( 11029:Orca or killer whale ( 10953:(Right whale dolphins) 10886:White-beaked dolphin ( 10404:Southern right whale ( 9860:10.5962/bhl.title.4029 9344:. Brill. p. 527. 9236:"Southern Right Whale" 9089:Elliot, Wendy (2007). 8475:Concepts in Toxicology 8182:Busch, Robert (1998). 8144:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0409 8036:Megaptera novaeangliae 6642:10.1098/rspb.2010.0399 6398:10.1098/rspb.1989.0043 6132:10.1098/rspb.2017.0546 6010:10.1098/rspb.2017.0546 5889:10.1098/rspb.2006.3664 5847:10.5479/si.00810266.93 5802:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0690 5171:10.1098/rsif.2008.0492 5041:10.1126/sciadv.aap9873 4770:10.1098/rspb.2012.2645 4398:. St. Martin's Press. 4316: 4261: 4206: 4131: 4129:Antarctic minke whales 4110: 4041: 3983: 3946: 3900:pars intrapraeputialis 3859: 3806:Balaenophilus unisetus 3763: 3715: 3661:, but they do have an 3575: 3476:and protein-digesting 3394: 3331:intermediate filaments 3322: 3169: 3116: 2979: 2866: 2852:Evolution of cetaceans 2654: 2573: 1700: 1347:) and Southern right ( 12424:Paleobiology Database 12063:Spade-toothed whale ( 12027:True's beaked whale ( 12018:Strap-toothed whale ( 11991:Gray's beaked whale ( 11946:Hubbs' beaked whale ( 11831:Sato's beaked whale ( 11731:Indus river dolphin ( 11459:Spectacled porpoise ( 11275:(Bottlenose dolphins) 10716:Heaviside's dolphin ( 10698:Commerson's dolphin ( 10503:Pygmy Bryde's whale ( 9506:Marine Mammal Science 9273:. Bush Warriors. 2010 8968:"Whaling and Fishing" 8854:Proulx, J.P. (1993). 8809:. National Geographic 8311:Balaenoptera physalus 8032:Carcharhinus obscurus 7961:10.1186/2046-9063-8-3 7840:Marine Mammal Science 7747:Goldbogen et al. 2011 7556:Nature Communications 7463:10.1130/MEM67V1-p1223 7418:Lee, Jane J. (2015). 7264:The Anatomical Record 7111:The Anatomical Record 5950:10.1093/sysbio/syp060 5153:Balaenoptera physalus 4952:10.1093/molbev/msj071 4858:Eschrichtius robustus 4575:Marine Mammal Science 4421:Journal of Morphology 4339:The Mito Aquarium in 4314: 4252: 4204: 4148:critically endangered 4126: 4105: 4036: 3945: 3932: 3857: 3757: 3710: 3573: 3392: 3316: 3289:. The epidermis, the 3167: 3111: 2984:Mystacodon selenensis 2971: 2859: 2652: 2571: 1698: 1463:Antarctic minke whale 638:classified under the 12045:Pygmy beaked whale ( 11918:(Mesoplodont whales) 11077:False killer whale ( 11053:Melon-headed whale ( 10773:Pygmy killer whale ( 10467:Common minke whale ( 10225:at Wikimedia Commons 9928:Perry, Tony (1998). 9815:Perry, Tony (1998). 9293:"Commercial Whaling" 9092:Whales in Hot Water? 8913:. University of Hull 8625:Longest animal penis 8399:Journal of Mammalogy 6374:Balenoptera physalus 5990:Pyenson, Nicholas D. 5724:(24): 3992–4000.e2. 5536:Mammalodon colliveri 4472:Animal Diversity Web 4224:functionally extinct 3883:, with none showing 3560:arytenoid cartilages 3218:mandibular symphysis 3001:heterodont dentition 2945:Mammalodon colliveri 2846:Evolutionary history 940:Southern minke whale 779:Southern right whale 588:. Once relentlessly 552:reproductive success 497:largest known animal 11853:(Bottlenose whales) 11593:Dwarf sperm whale ( 11584:Pygmy sperm whale ( 11416:(Finless porpoises) 11132:(Humpback dolphins) 10996:Irrawaddy dolphin ( 10913:Hourglass dolphin ( 10624:Pygmy right whale ( 10194:2010AREPS..38..189U 10155:Whales of the World 9767:Eubalaena glacialis 9710:1994ScTEn.154..179O 9618:2012PLoSO...732681M 9518:2007MMamS..23..144V 9412:2005Natur.435..883G 9373:"Japan and whaling" 9234:White, Doc (2010). 8443:Eubalaena glacialis 8393:Eubalaena glacialis 7952:2012AqBio...8....3F 7899:2007MEPS..346..285L 7852:1986MMamS...2....1K 7789:2017PLoSO..1275220P 7761:, pp. 806–813. 7749:, pp. 131–146. 7675:2007MEPS..346..285L 7628:2010JThBi.267..437P 7568:2015NatCo...6.8285S 7519:2005MEPS..289..117C 7488:, pp. 357–361. 7217:10.1017/pab.2021.11 7209:2021Pbio...47..591V 6795:1999MEPS..187..309P 6636:(1694): 2597–2605. 6551:10.1038/nature11135 6543:2012Natur.485..498P 6506:10.1511/2010.83.124 6450:2015CBio...25.R360V 6390:1989RSPSB.237..175B 6234:2000Sci...290.2288M 6228:(5500): 2288–2291. 6181:2017CBio...27.R558P 6070:2017ARMS....9..367G 5883:(1604): 2955–2963. 5730:2018CBio...28E3992P 5587:2018CBio...28E1670F 5466:2010JSPal...8...63S 5368:10.1098/rsos.150476 5360:2015RSOS....250476M 5033:2018SciA....4.9873A 4738:, pp. 939–941. 4676:2000MolEc...9.1793R 4587:2021MMamS..37..577R 4518:Gatesy, J. (1997). 4466:Eubalaena glacialis 4326:Baja California Sur 4192:Southern Hemisphere 4172:ocean acidification 4119:Whaling controversy 3801:Conchoderma auritum 3099:killer sperm whales 2901:Victoria, Australia 2653:Gray whale skeleton 1854:Parvorder Mysticeti 1660:, derived from the 1317:(right whales) and 606:ocean acidification 474:even-toed ungulates 30:late Eocene–Present 11768:La Plata dolphin ( 11468:Harbour porpoise ( 11437:N. asiaeorientalis 11294:Burrunan dolphin ( 10862:Fraser's dolphin ( 10725:Hector's dolphin ( 10111:10.1242/jeb.048157 8518:. Nature (journal) 7940:Aquatic Biosystems 7712:Marine Food Chains 7576:10.1038/ncomms9285 7528:10.3354/meps289117 7348:10.1093/gbe/evu095 6803:10.3354/meps187309 6494:American Scientist 6126:(1855): 20170546. 6004:(1855): 20170546. 5938:Systematic Biology 5774:, pp. 208–210 5632:Systematic Biology 4980:Systematic Biology 4764:(1753): 20122645. 4433:10.1002/jmor.10474 4334:SeaWorld San Diego 4317: 4262: 4207: 4132: 4042: 4029:History of whaling 4023:History of whaling 3984: 3947: 3925:Whale vocalization 3860: 3814:Cocconeis ceticola 3777:cookiecutter shark 3764: 3716: 3713:bubble net fishing 3614:and as high as 22 3576: 3412:resting heart rate 3395: 3323: 3191:cervical vertebrae 3170: 3117: 3027:, and a primitive 2980: 2950:Aetiocetus weltoni 2896:Janjucetus hunderi 2867: 2863:Janjucetus hunderi 2709:Plesiobalaenoptera 2655: 2580:Archaebalaenoptera 2574: 1841:List of mysticetes 1701: 1582:Historia Animalium 1455:common minke whale 920:Common minke whale 634:Baleen whales are 501:sexually dimorphic 390:in the infraorder 123:common minke whale 12452: 12451: 12411:Open Tree of Life 12214:Taxon identifiers 12135: 12134: 12131: 12130: 12127: 12126: 12123: 12122: 11921: 11856: 11795: 11780: 11779: 11743: 11742: 11697: 11696: 11660: 11659: 11605: 11604: 11559: 11558: 11522: 11521: 11510:Dall's porpoise ( 11419: 11400: 11385: 11384: 11324: 11323: 11278: 11229:Spinner dolphin ( 11211:Striped dolphin ( 11202:Clymene dolphin ( 11135: 10956: 10904:Peale's dolphin ( 10838:Risso's dolphin ( 10798: 10707:Chilean dolphin ( 10680: 10659: 10644: 10643: 10640: 10639: 10636: 10635: 10599: 10598: 10449: 10434: 10433: 10397: 10341: 10221:Media related to 10165:978-0-935848-47-2 10158:. Brill Archive. 10104:(Pt 1): 131–146. 10077:978-1-4214-1588-8 10023:978-0-7614-7882-9 9993:978-0-12-373553-9 9558:10.7717/peerj.399 9406:(7044): 883–884. 9351:978-90-04-26258-4 9249:978-0-9841686-5-1 9028:978-0-7637-7350-2 8987:978-0-393-04917-6 8945:978-0-520-03973-5 8865:978-0-660-14819-9 8740:10.1002/cne.22055 8689:978-0-8018-7416-1 8636:978-1-910561-02-7 8584:978-0-306-46573-4 8550:978-0-520-27057-2 8493:978-0-85404-157-2 8368:978-0-8493-6069-5 8195:978-1-55143-114-7 8046:(12): 1211–1215. 7908:10.3354/meps06995 7721:978-0-520-01397-1 7684:10.3354/meps06995 7457:(67): 1223–1224. 7426:on April 16, 2015 7397:978-0-521-23274-6 7058:978-1-4128-5187-9 6989:978-0-7817-5007-3 6930:978-0-8243-0348-8 6871:978-0-7167-6203-4 6753:978-0-521-76555-8 6537:(7399): 498–501. 6341:10.1111/evo.12516 6335:(11): 3296–3306. 6175:(11): R558–R564. 5687:978-0-7637-6299-5 5581:(10): 1670–1676. 5518:978-1-4398-4257-7 5270:978-0-12-389180-8 5165:(40): 1005–1025. 5128:978-0-393-06057-7 5101:978-0-19-920687-2 4752:Caperea marginata 4670:(11): 1793–1802. 4664:Molecular Ecology 4618:The Bowhead Whale 4595:10.1111/mms.12776 4504:978-0-89599-014-3 4427:(11): 1284–1294. 4405:978-1-4299-8777-6 4378:978-1-4008-8314-1 4253:The remains of a 3962: 3953:Singing Humpbacks 3771:when a shiver of 3699:coast in spring. 3651:vomeronasal organ 3558:support from the 3474:hydrochloric acid 3376:respiratory tract 3355:Sexual dimorphism 3287:connective tissue 2887:evolutionary link 2588:Archaeschrichtius 2394:pygmy right whale 1831:, Balaenopteridae 1781:, Balaenopteridae 1747:, Balaenopteridae 1518:and the other in 1368:Balaena marginata 1360:Caperea marginata 1311: 1310: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1279: 1278: 1270: 1269: 1261: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1243: 1242: 1234: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1216: 1215: 1165: 1164: 1045: 1044: 955: 954: 883:Pygmy right whale 859: 858: 850: 849: 841: 840: 675:pygmy right whale 626:List of cetaceans 489:pygmy right whale 482:million years ago 454:pygmy right whale 375:), also known as 341: 340: 214: 12477: 12445: 12444: 12432: 12431: 12419: 12418: 12406: 12405: 12396: 12395: 12383: 12382: 12380:NHMSYS0000376992 12370: 12369: 12357: 12356: 12344: 12343: 12331: 12330: 12318: 12317: 12305: 12304: 12292: 12291: 12282: 12281: 12269: 12268: 12256: 12255: 12254: 12241: 12240: 12239: 12209: 12208: 12200: 12199: 12198: 12188: 12187: 12176: 12175: 12164: 12163: 12152: 12151: 12150: 12143: 11920: 11919: 11915: 11855: 11854: 11850: 11799: 11798: 11794: 11793: 11789: 11754: 11753: 11708: 11707: 11671: 11670: 11632:I. araguaiaensis 11616: 11615: 11570: 11569: 11549:P. macrocephalus 11533: 11532: 11418: 11417: 11413: 11404: 11403: 11399: 11398: 11394: 11335: 11334: 11277: 11276: 11272: 11134: 11133: 11129: 11110:Guiana dolphin ( 10955: 10954: 10950: 10807:G. macrorhynchus 10797: 10796: 10792: 10749:Common dolphin ( 10684: 10683: 10679: 10678: 10674: 10667: 10666: 10658:(Toothed whales) 10657: 10650: 10649: 10610: 10609: 10587:Humpback whale ( 10469:B. acutorostrata 10453: 10452: 10448: 10447: 10443: 10396: 10395: 10391: 10358: 10357: 10349: 10348: 10339: 10332: 10331: 10265: 10258: 10251: 10242: 10241: 10233:Data related to 10232: 10220: 10205: 10176: 10175: 10169: 10148: 10131: 10113: 10088: 10087: 10081: 10058: 10034: 10033: 10027: 10004: 10003: 9997: 9964: 9963: 9951: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9940: 9925: 9919: 9918: 9917: 9911: 9909: 9908: 9902: 9887: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9864: 9862: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9812: 9806: 9805: 9799: 9791: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9775:. NOAA Fisheries 9761: 9755: 9754: 9752: 9751: 9736: 9730: 9729: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9679: 9677: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9649: 9639: 9629: 9597: 9588: 9587: 9586: 9580: 9570: 9560: 9536: 9530: 9529: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9464: 9446: 9440: 9439: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9361: 9355: 9333: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9311: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9289: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9267: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9253: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9205: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9195: 9189: 9182: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9159: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9097: 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9038: 9032: 9010: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8991: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8955: 8949: 8929: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8918: 8906: 8900: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8888:"Whale products" 8884: 8878: 8877: 8851: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8802: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8781: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8723: 8717: 8707: 8701: 8700: 8699: 8693: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8628: 8618: 8612: 8602: 8596: 8595: 8594: 8588: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8554: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8497: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8453:(7): 1297–1305. 8438: 8432: 8431: 8430: 8424: 8414: 8405:(5): 1342–1354. 8386: 8380: 8379: 8378: 8372: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8291: 8285: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8261: 8251: 8241: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8199: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8165: 8155: 8123: 8117: 8107: 8101: 8091: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8010: 7990: 7984: 7983: 7973: 7963: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7910: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7818: 7800: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7744: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7725: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7686: 7654: 7648: 7647: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7597: 7587: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7530: 7498: 7489: 7483: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7466: 7447:"Marine Mammals" 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7407: 7401: 7388:Animal Migration 7379: 7370: 7369: 7359: 7327: 7321: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7297: 7287: 7276:10.1002/ar.22459 7251: 7245: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7175: 7167: 7161: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7126: 7124:10.1002/ar.20544 7102: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7062: 7042: 7036: 7026: 7020: 7010: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6993: 6973: 6967: 6957: 6951: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6918: 6908: 6902: 6892: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6875: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6820: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6806: 6780: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6763: 6757: 6737: 6728: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6710: 6704: 6686: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6663: 6653: 6621: 6615: 6605: 6599: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6526: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6509: 6489: 6480: 6479: 6461: 6429: 6418: 6417: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6352: 6320: 6314: 6304: 6298: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6192: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6143: 6111: 6098: 6097: 6053: 6040: 6039: 6029: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5971: 5961: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5900: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5849: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5813: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5760: 5759: 5741: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5691: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5657: 5647: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5598: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5477: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5437: 5431: 5399: 5390: 5389: 5379: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5301: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5274: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5225: 5219: 5209: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5192: 5182: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5132: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5088: 5082: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5052: 5021:Science Advances 5012: 5006: 5005: 4995: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4954: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4881: 4863: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4830: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4797: 4791: 4781: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4539: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4362: 4322:Scammon's Lagoon 4134:As of 2021, the 3964: 3963: 3944: 3838:acanthocephalans 3762:on a right whale 3618:, distinct from 3490:intestinal tract 3460: 3456: 3440:blood corpuscles 3416:beats per minute 3365:Internal systems 3246: 3237: 3225:External anatomy 3195:vestigial organs 3150:Plio-Pleistocene 3041: 3040: 3039: 3036: 2701:Parabalaenoptera 2618:Cetotheriophanes 2550:Balaenopteroidea 2120:– bowhead whales 2017:Cetotheriopsidae 1856:: baleen whales 1824: 1810: 1793: 1774: 1757: 1740: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1604: 1603: 1594: 1593: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1459:B. acutorostrata 1207: 1206: 1185: 1156: 1155: 1134: 1121: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1092: 1091: 1074: 1073: 1059: 1058: 1036: 1016: 1003: 1002: 996: 995: 982: 969: 968: 946: 926: 913: 912: 906: 905: 900:Balaenopteroidea 889: 873: 872: 832: 812: 799: 798: 785: 772: 771: 758: 745: 744: 735: 734: 728: 727: 718: 717: 713: 712: 602:marine pollution 377:whalebone whales 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 210: 138: 137: 104: 94: 31: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 12485: 12484: 12480: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12475: 12474: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12440: 12435: 12427: 12422: 12414: 12409: 12401: 12399: 12391: 12386: 12378: 12373: 12365: 12360: 12352: 12347: 12339: 12334: 12326: 12321: 12313: 12308: 12300: 12295: 12287: 12285: 12277: 12272: 12264: 12259: 12250: 12249: 12244: 12235: 12234: 12229: 12216: 12206: 12196: 12194: 12182: 12170: 12158: 12148: 12146: 12138: 12136: 12119: 12095: 12071: 11957:M. densirostris 11917: 11916: 11914: 11904: 11880: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11839: 11792:(Beaked whales) 11791: 11790: 11788: 11776: 11739: 11693: 11656: 11601: 11555: 11518: 11494: 11443: 11428:N. phocaenoides 11415: 11414: 11412: 11396: 11395: 11393: 11381: 11357: 11320: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11261: 11237: 11231:S. longirostris 11213:S. coeruleoalba 11177: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11118: 11085: 11061: 11037: 11013: 10998:O. brevirostris 10980: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10939: 10931:Dusky dolphin ( 10870: 10846: 10822: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10781: 10757: 10733: 10689:Cephalorhynchus 10676: 10675: 10673: 10661: 10632: 10595: 10589:M. novaeangliae 10571: 10547: 10521:Omura's whale ( 10494:Bryde's whale ( 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440:Balaenopteridae 10430: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10380: 10372:Bowhead whale ( 10343: 10340:(Baleen whales) 10326: 10276: 10269: 10213: 10208: 10170: 10166: 10082: 10078: 10047:Ferris Brothers 10028: 10024: 9998: 9994: 9973: 9968: 9967: 9952: 9948: 9938: 9936: 9926: 9922: 9912: 9906: 9904: 9900: 9890:Aquatic Mammals 9885: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9813: 9809: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9788: 9778: 9776: 9763: 9762: 9758: 9749: 9747: 9737: 9733: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9675: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9598: 9591: 9581: 9537: 9533: 9502: 9498: 9488: 9486: 9477: 9476: 9472: 9462: 9460: 9450:Tabuchi, Hiroko 9447: 9443: 9420:10.1038/435883a 9392: 9388: 9378: 9376: 9371: 9370: 9366: 9356: 9352: 9334: 9330: 9320: 9318: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9298: 9296: 9291: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9269: 9268: 9264: 9254: 9250: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9216: 9206: 9202: 9193: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9174: 9170: 9160: 9140: 9136: 9126: 9124: 9114: 9110: 9102: 9095: 9087: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9048: 9047: 9043: 9033: 9029: 9011: 9002: 8992: 8988: 8964: 8960: 8950: 8946: 8930: 8926: 8916: 8914: 8907: 8903: 8893: 8891: 8886: 8885: 8881: 8866: 8852: 8848: 8838: 8836: 8826: 8822: 8812: 8810: 8803: 8792: 8779: 8777: 8768: 8767: 8763: 8724: 8720: 8708: 8704: 8694: 8690: 8674: 8670: 8660: 8658: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8619: 8615: 8603: 8599: 8589: 8585: 8569: 8565: 8555: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8512: 8508: 8498: 8494: 8470: 8466: 8459:10.1139/z94-173 8439: 8435: 8425: 8387: 8383: 8373: 8369: 8353: 8349: 8338: 8334: 8327:10.1139/z87-040 8307: 8303: 8292: 8288: 8276: 8272: 8262: 8214: 8210: 8200: 8196: 8180: 8176: 8166: 8132:Biology Letters 8124: 8120: 8108: 8104: 8092: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8063: 8059: 8052:10.1071/MF14317 8028: 8024: 8008:10.1.1.573.6671 7991: 7987: 7928: 7924: 7879: 7875: 7836: 7832: 7783:(4): e0175220. 7769: 7765: 7757: 7753: 7745: 7736: 7726: 7722: 7704: 7700: 7655: 7651: 7612: 7608: 7598: 7548: 7544: 7499: 7492: 7484: 7477: 7467: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7427: 7416: 7412: 7402: 7398: 7380: 7373: 7328: 7324: 7312: 7308: 7298: 7252: 7248: 7236: 7232: 7189: 7185: 7173: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7152: 7148: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7087: 7085:Huffington Post 7077: 7073: 7063: 7059: 7043: 7039: 7027: 7023: 7011: 7004: 6994: 6990: 6974: 6970: 6958: 6954: 6942: 6938: 6931: 6909: 6905: 6893: 6886: 6876: 6872: 6856: 6852: 6821: 6817: 6807: 6778: 6772: 6768: 6758: 6754: 6738: 6731: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6689:Aquatic Mammals 6684: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6622: 6618: 6606: 6602: 6590: 6586: 6578: 6574: 6527: 6520: 6510: 6490: 6483: 6438:Current Biology 6430: 6421: 6370: 6366: 6321: 6317: 6305: 6301: 6289: 6285: 6281:, p. 1140. 6277: 6273: 6218: 6214: 6169:Current Biology 6161: 6157: 6112: 6101: 6054: 6043: 5998:Proc. R. Soc. B 5986: 5982: 5972: 5930: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5869: 5865: 5831: 5827: 5790:Biology Letters 5782: 5778: 5770: 5763: 5718:Current Biology 5708:Peredo, C. M.; 5706: 5702: 5692: 5688: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5624: 5620: 5575:Current Biology 5567: 5563: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5503: 5499: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5400: 5393: 5340: 5333: 5302: 5285: 5275: 5271: 5253: 5249: 5226: 5222: 5210: 5203: 5193: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5129: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5073: 5066: 5013: 5009: 4972: 4968: 4931: 4927: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4868:(in Japanese). 4861: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4746: 4742: 4734: 4730: 4717:. H.N. Abrams. 4711: 4707: 4655: 4651: 4636: 4614: 4610: 4567: 4560: 4550: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4491: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4456: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4309: 4160:near-threatened 4121: 4115: 4031: 4025: 4020: 3996: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3958: 3955: 3948: 3942: 3927: 3921: 3865:sexual maturity 3852: 3846: 3788:whale barnacles 3752: 3705: 3680: 3675: 3663:olfactory tract 3628:auditory meatus 3601:tapetum lucidum 3568: 3458: 3454: 3367: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3239: 3238: 3227: 3199:whale genitalia 3185:. Some species 3175: 3162: 3033: 3032: 3009:Mammalodontidae 2860:Restoration of 2854: 2848: 2843: 2634:Eschrichtioides 2564:Balaenopteridae 2465:Mithridatocetus 2048:Micromysticetus 2011:Eomysticetoidea 1965:Mystacodontidae 1941:Mammalodontidae 1843: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1825: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1803: 1802: 1794: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1775: 1767: 1766: 1758: 1750: 1749: 1741: 1732: 1731: 1720:creatures like 1693: 1597:ho mus to kētos 1536: 1532: 1529: 1520:eastern Pacific 1483:M. novaeangliae 1333:morphologically 1298: 1289: 1280: 1271: 1262: 1253: 1244: 1235: 1226: 1217: 1201: 1166: 1150: 1068: 1046: 956: 860: 851: 842: 711: 699:Cetartiodactyla 659:Balaenopteridae 632: 622: 556:ritual displays 434:Balaenopteridae 351: 347: 290:Balaenopteridae 252:Mammalodontidae 209: 132: 95: 93: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 42: 37: 29: 28: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12483: 12473: 12472: 12467: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12446: 12433: 12420: 12407: 12397: 12384: 12371: 12358: 12345: 12332: 12319: 12306: 12293: 12283: 12270: 12257: 12242: 12226: 12224: 12218: 12217: 12205: 12204: 12192: 12180: 12168: 12156: 12133: 12132: 12129: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12117: 12113:Z. cavirostris 12107: 12105: 12097: 12096: 12094: 12093: 12083: 12081: 12073: 12072: 12070: 12069: 12060: 12051: 12042: 12033: 12024: 12015: 12006: 11997: 11988: 11979: 11970: 11961: 11952: 11943: 11934: 11924: 11922: 11906: 11905: 11903: 11902: 11892: 11890: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11878: 11869: 11859: 11857: 11841: 11840: 11838: 11837: 11828: 11819: 11809: 11807: 11796: 11782: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11770:P. blainvillei 11764: 11762: 11751: 11745: 11744: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11737: 11728: 11718: 11716: 11705: 11699: 11698: 11695: 11694: 11692: 11691: 11681: 11679: 11668: 11662: 11661: 11658: 11657: 11655: 11654: 11650:I. geoffrensis 11645: 11641:I. boliviensis 11636: 11626: 11624: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11590: 11580: 11578: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11557: 11556: 11554: 11553: 11543: 11541: 11530: 11524: 11523: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11506: 11504: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11492: 11488:P. spinipinnis 11483: 11474: 11465: 11455: 11453: 11445: 11444: 11442: 11441: 11432: 11422: 11420: 11401: 11387: 11386: 11383: 11382: 11380: 11379: 11369: 11367: 11359: 11358: 11356: 11355: 11349:Beluga whale ( 11345: 11343: 11340:Delphinapterus 11332: 11326: 11325: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11318: 11309: 11300: 11291: 11281: 11279: 11263: 11262: 11260: 11259: 11255:S. bredanensis 11249: 11247: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11235: 11226: 11217: 11208: 11199: 11189: 11187: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11166: 11157: 11148: 11138: 11136: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11116: 11107: 11103:S. fluviatilis 11097: 11095: 11087: 11086: 11084: 11083: 11073: 11071: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11049: 11047: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11035: 11025: 11023: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11011: 11002: 10992: 10990: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10978: 10969: 10959: 10957: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10937: 10928: 10924:L. obliquidens 10919: 10910: 10901: 10892: 10888:L. albirostris 10882: 10880: 10877:Lagenorhynchus 10872: 10871: 10869: 10868: 10858: 10856: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10844: 10834: 10832: 10824: 10823: 10821: 10820: 10811: 10801: 10799: 10795:(Pilot whales) 10783: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10769: 10767: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10755: 10745: 10743: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10722: 10713: 10704: 10700:C. commersonii 10694: 10692: 10681: 10663: 10662: 10646: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10638: 10637: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10630: 10620: 10618: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10597: 10596: 10594: 10593: 10583: 10581: 10573: 10572: 10570: 10569: 10559: 10557: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10545: 10539:Rice's whale ( 10536: 10527: 10518: 10509: 10500: 10491: 10482: 10478:B. bonaerensis 10473: 10463: 10461: 10450: 10436: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10419: 10410: 10400: 10398: 10394:(Right whales) 10382: 10381: 10379: 10378: 10368: 10366: 10355: 10345: 10344: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10310:Laurasiatheria 10306: 10300: 10294: 10288: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10268: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10245: 10239: 10238: 10237:at Wikispecies 10226: 10212: 10211:External links 10209: 10207: 10206: 10188:(1): 189–219. 10177: 10164: 10149: 10132: 10089: 10076: 10059: 10049:. p. 69. 10035: 10022: 10005: 9992: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9946: 9920: 9873: 9833: 9807: 9786: 9756: 9731: 9704:(3): 179–200. 9688: 9658: 9589: 9531: 9512:(1): 144–156. 9496: 9470: 9441: 9386: 9364: 9350: 9328: 9306: 9284: 9262: 9248: 9226: 9200: 9168: 9134: 9108: 9105:on 2016-04-05. 9081: 9055: 9041: 9027: 9000: 8986: 8958: 8944: 8924: 8901: 8879: 8864: 8846: 8820: 8790: 8761: 8734:(2): 243–259. 8718: 8710:Bannister 2008 8702: 8688: 8668: 8645: 8635: 8613: 8605:Cavendish 2010 8597: 8583: 8563: 8549: 8529: 8506: 8492: 8464: 8433: 8381: 8367: 8347: 8332: 8321:(2): 253–264. 8301: 8286: 8278:Bannister 2008 8270: 8208: 8194: 8174: 8118: 8110:Feldhamer 2015 8102: 8094:Bannister 2008 8083: 8057: 8022: 7985: 7922: 7873: 7830: 7763: 7759:Bannister 2008 7751: 7734: 7720: 7698: 7649: 7622:(3): 437–453. 7606: 7542: 7490: 7486:Bannister 2008 7475: 7437: 7410: 7396: 7371: 7342:(6): 1254–65. 7322: 7314:Cavendish 2010 7306: 7270:(6): 991–998. 7246: 7238:Cavendish 2010 7230: 7203:(4): 591–611. 7183: 7162: 7154:Cavendish 2010 7146: 7117:(6): 745–759. 7097: 7071: 7057: 7037: 7029:Cavendish 2010 7021: 7013:Cavendish 2010 7002: 6988: 6968: 6952: 6944:Cavendish 2010 6936: 6929: 6903: 6884: 6870: 6850: 6831:(2): 181–191. 6815: 6766: 6752: 6729: 6721:Bannister 2008 6713: 6695:(2): 226–252. 6672: 6616: 6600: 6584: 6572: 6518: 6500:(2): 124–131. 6481: 6444:(9): 360–361. 6419: 6364: 6315: 6307:Feldhamer 2015 6299: 6291:Bannister 2008 6283: 6279:Bannister 2008 6271: 6212: 6155: 6099: 6064:(1): 367–386. 6041: 5992:(2017-05-31). 5980: 5944:(6): 573–585. 5924: 5920:Bannister 2008 5912: 5863: 5825: 5776: 5761: 5710:Pyenson, N. D. 5700: 5686: 5666: 5618: 5561: 5548:(2): 367–476. 5524: 5517: 5497: 5440: 5391: 5354:(12): 150476. 5331: 5283: 5269: 5247: 5236:(3): 259–273. 5220: 5212:Bannister 2008 5201: 5141: 5127: 5107: 5100: 5083: 5075:Bannister 2008 5064: 5007: 4966: 4925: 4890: 4842: 4800: 4740: 4736:Bannister 2008 4728: 4705: 4649: 4634: 4608: 4581:(2): 577–610. 4558: 4530:(5): 537–543. 4510: 4503: 4485: 4454: 4411: 4404: 4384: 4377: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4308: 4305: 4267:Lloyd's mirror 4179:whale-watching 4168:climate change 4164:data deficient 4114: 4111: 4096:harpoon cannon 4027:Main article: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4008:theory of mind 3995: 3992: 3972: 3966: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3923:Main article: 3920: 3917: 3845: 3842: 3751: 3748: 3704: 3701: 3685:Baja Peninsula 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3659:olfactory bulb 3636:tympanic bulla 3567: 3564: 3529:magnetic north 3366: 3363: 3335:hydroxyapatite 3300:marine mammals 3251: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3214:fibrocartilage 3174: 3171: 3161: 3158: 3044:filter feeding 3029:dental formula 2850:Main article: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2822: 2809: 2796: 2788: 2775: 2767: 2759: 2748:incertae sedis 2744: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2733:Protororqualus 2728: 2720: 2712: 2704: 2696: 2688: 2675: 2673:humpback whale 2664: 2656: 2637: 2629: 2621: 2613: 2598: 2591: 2583: 2560: 2557:Eobalaenoptera 2546: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2534: 2526: 2518: 2509: 2501: 2492: 2484: 2476: 2468: 2460: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2428: 2420: 2412: 2404: 2396: 2385: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2361: 2353: 2343:Tranatocetidae 2339: 2338: 2337: 2329: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2305: 2302:Plesiocetopsis 2297: 2289: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2259: 2251: 2243: 2235: 2227: 2219: 2211: 2208:Parietobalaena 2203: 2195: 2185:Thalassotherii 2181: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2169: 2161: 2153: 2152:– right whales 2145: 2137: 2129: 2121: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2075: 2067: 2059: 2051: 2043: 2033:Eomysticetidae 2029: 2028: 2027: 2024:Cetotheriopsis 2007: 1999: 1991: 1981:Chaeomysticeti 1977: 1976: 1975: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1951: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1911: 1903: 1895: 1887: 1879: 1865: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1826: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1805: 1804: 1795: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1776: 1769: 1768: 1759: 1752: 1751: 1742: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1692: 1689: 1646:Middle English 1631:junior synonym 1592:ὁ μῦς τὸ κῆτος 1528: 1525: 1512:Sea of Okhotsk 1479:humpback whale 1467:B. bonaerensis 1337:phylogenically 1309: 1308: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1010:Humpback whale 1006: 1001: 999: 994: 992: 989: 988: 985: 984: 972: 967: 965: 962: 961: 958: 957: 953: 952: 949: 948: 936: 933: 932: 929: 928: 916: 911: 909: 904: 902: 896: 895: 892: 891: 879: 871: 869: 866: 865: 862: 861: 857: 856: 853: 852: 848: 847: 844: 843: 839: 838: 835: 834: 822: 819: 818: 815: 814: 802: 797: 795: 792: 791: 788: 787: 775: 770: 768: 765: 764: 761: 760: 748: 743: 741: 733: 731: 726: 724: 716: 710: 709:Classification 707: 663:Eschrichtiidae 621: 618: 610:man-made sonar 579:humpback whale 521:neck vertebrae 478:toothed whales 442:Eschrichtiidae 381:marine mammals 339: 338: 337: 336: 330: 329: 323: 322: 316: 315: 309: 308: 307: 306: 305: 304: 303: 302: 300:Eschrichtiidae 297: 292: 287: 282: 276: 274:Eomysticetidae 268:Chaeomysticeti 265: 254: 248: 242: 234: 223: 222: 216: 215: 204: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 126: 125: 111:humpback whale 106: 105: 97: 96: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 43: 38: 33: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12482: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12465:Baleen whales 12463: 12462: 12460: 12443: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12394: 12389: 12385: 12381: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12363: 12359: 12355: 12350: 12346: 12342: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12280: 12275: 12271: 12267: 12262: 12258: 12253: 12247: 12243: 12238: 12232: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12210: 12203: 12193: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12155: 12145: 12144: 12141: 12116: 12114: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12104: 12103: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12080: 12079: 12074: 12068: 12066: 12061: 12059: 12057: 12056:M. stejnegeri 12052: 12050: 12048: 12047:M. peruvianus 12043: 12041: 12039: 12034: 12032: 12030: 12025: 12023: 12021: 12016: 12014: 12012: 12007: 12005: 12003: 11998: 11996: 11994: 11989: 11987: 11985: 11984:M. ginkgodens 11980: 11978: 11976: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11948:M. carlhubbsi 11944: 11942: 11940: 11935: 11933: 11931: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11913: 11912: 11907: 11901: 11899: 11894: 11893: 11891: 11889: 11888: 11883: 11877: 11875: 11874:H. planifrons 11870: 11868: 11866: 11865:H. ampullatus 11861: 11860: 11858: 11848: 11847: 11842: 11836: 11834: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11820: 11818: 11816: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11805: 11800: 11797: 11787: 11783: 11773: 11771: 11766: 11765: 11763: 11761: 11760: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11749:Pontoporiidae 11746: 11736: 11734: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11715: 11714: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11703:Platanistidae 11700: 11690: 11688: 11687:L. vexillifer 11683: 11682: 11680: 11678: 11677: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11663: 11653: 11651: 11646: 11644: 11642: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11608: 11598: 11596: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11577: 11576: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11562: 11552: 11550: 11547:Sperm whale ( 11545: 11544: 11542: 11540: 11539: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11502: 11497: 11491: 11489: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11457: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11451: 11446: 11440: 11438: 11433: 11431: 11429: 11424: 11423: 11421: 11411: 11410: 11405: 11402: 11392: 11388: 11378: 11376: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11365: 11360: 11354: 11352: 11347: 11346: 11344: 11342: 11341: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11327: 11317: 11315: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11301: 11299: 11297: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11283: 11282: 11280: 11270: 11269: 11264: 11258: 11256: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11245: 11240: 11234: 11232: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11218: 11216: 11214: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11191: 11190: 11188: 11186: 11185: 11180: 11174: 11172: 11167: 11165: 11163: 11162:S. sahulensis 11158: 11156: 11154: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11127: 11126: 11121: 11115: 11113: 11112:S. guianensis 11108: 11106: 11104: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11093: 11088: 11082: 11080: 11079:P. crassidens 11075: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11064: 11058: 11056: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11045: 11044:Peponocephala 11040: 11034: 11032: 11027: 11026: 11024: 11022: 11021: 11016: 11010: 11008: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10989: 10988: 10983: 10977: 10975: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10948: 10947: 10942: 10936: 10934: 10929: 10927: 10925: 10920: 10918: 10916: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10893: 10891: 10889: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10878: 10873: 10867: 10865: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10854: 10853:Lagenodelphis 10849: 10843: 10841: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10825: 10819: 10817: 10812: 10810: 10808: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10778: 10776: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10765: 10760: 10754: 10752: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10741: 10736: 10730: 10728: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10718:C. heavisidii 10714: 10712: 10710: 10705: 10703: 10701: 10696: 10695: 10693: 10691: 10690: 10685: 10682: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10651: 10647: 10629: 10627: 10622: 10621: 10619: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10605:Cetotheriidae 10602: 10592: 10590: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10579: 10574: 10568: 10566: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10556: 10555: 10550: 10544: 10542: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10519: 10517: 10515: 10510: 10508: 10506: 10501: 10499: 10497: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10483: 10481: 10479: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10454: 10451: 10441: 10437: 10427: 10425: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10411: 10409: 10407: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10389: 10388: 10383: 10377: 10375: 10374:B. mysticetus 10370: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10333: 10329: 10323: 10319: 10317: 10313: 10311: 10307: 10305: 10301: 10299: 10295: 10293: 10289: 10287: 10283: 10282: 10279: 10274: 10266: 10261: 10259: 10254: 10252: 10247: 10246: 10243: 10236: 10231: 10227: 10224: 10219: 10215: 10214: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10178: 10174: 10167: 10161: 10157: 10156: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10133: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10090: 10086: 10079: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10025: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10006: 10002: 9995: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9976: 9975: 9961: 9957: 9950: 9935: 9931: 9924: 9916: 9903:on 2015-10-15 9899: 9895: 9891: 9884: 9877: 9869: 9861: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9837: 9822: 9821:Seattle Times 9818: 9811: 9803: 9796: 9790: 9774: 9770: 9768: 9760: 9746: 9742: 9735: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9692: 9684: 9674: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9654: 9647: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9612:(2): e32681. 9611: 9607: 9603: 9596: 9594: 9585: 9578: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9535: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9500: 9484: 9480: 9474: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9445: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9390: 9374: 9368: 9360: 9353: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9332: 9316: 9310: 9294: 9288: 9272: 9266: 9258: 9251: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9230: 9215: 9211: 9204: 9190:on 2015-05-08 9186: 9179: 9172: 9164: 9157: 9153: 9150:(91): 75–88. 9149: 9145: 9138: 9123: 9119: 9112: 9101: 9094: 9093: 9085: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9051: 9045: 9037: 9030: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8996: 8989: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8962: 8954: 8947: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8928: 8912: 8905: 8889: 8883: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8861: 8857: 8850: 8835: 8831: 8824: 8808: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8787: 8775: 8771: 8765: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8722: 8715: 8711: 8706: 8698: 8691: 8685: 8681: 8680: 8672: 8656: 8649: 8642: 8638: 8632: 8627: 8626: 8617: 8610: 8606: 8601: 8593: 8586: 8580: 8576: 8575: 8567: 8559: 8552: 8546: 8542: 8541: 8533: 8517: 8510: 8502: 8495: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8468: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8437: 8429: 8422: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8394: 8385: 8377: 8370: 8364: 8360: 8359: 8351: 8343: 8336: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8305: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8279: 8274: 8266: 8259: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8221: 8212: 8204: 8197: 8191: 8187: 8186: 8178: 8170: 8163: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8111: 8106: 8099: 8095: 8090: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8065:Martin, R.A. 8061: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8018: 8014: 8009: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7995:Mammal Review 7989: 7981: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7935: 7926: 7918: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7877: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7834: 7826: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7767: 7760: 7755: 7748: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7730: 7723: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7702: 7694: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7653: 7645: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7610: 7602: 7595: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7546: 7538: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7495: 7487: 7482: 7480: 7471: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7441: 7425: 7421: 7414: 7406: 7399: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7376: 7367: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7315: 7310: 7302: 7295: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7259: 7250: 7243: 7239: 7234: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7179: 7172: 7166: 7159: 7155: 7150: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7101: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7067: 7060: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7041: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7018: 7014: 7009: 7007: 6998: 6991: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6972: 6965: 6961: 6956: 6949: 6945: 6940: 6932: 6926: 6922: 6917: 6916: 6907: 6900: 6896: 6891: 6889: 6880: 6873: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6854: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6819: 6811: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6762: 6755: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6736: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6717: 6709: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6683: 6676: 6668: 6661: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6597: 6593: 6588: 6582:, p. 66. 6581: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6523: 6514: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6488: 6486: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6384:(1287): 176. 6383: 6379: 6375: 6368: 6360: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6308: 6303: 6296: 6292: 6287: 6280: 6275: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6216: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5984: 5976: 5969: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5829: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5704: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5670: 5662: 5655: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5622: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5537: 5528: 5520: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5436: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5414:(1): 99–143. 5413: 5409: 5405: 5398: 5396: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5312:(2): 77–100. 5311: 5307: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5279: 5272: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5213: 5208: 5206: 5197: 5190: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5154: 5145: 5137: 5130: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5111: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5069: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4970: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4945:(5): 866–73. 4944: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4906:(2): 77–100. 4905: 4901: 4894: 4886: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4817:(in French). 4816: 4812: 4804: 4796: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4744: 4737: 4732: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4635:9780128189696 4631: 4627: 4623: 4620:. p. 6. 4619: 4612: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4563: 4554: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4473: 4469: 4467: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4407: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4388: 4380: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4344: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4313: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4286:trophic level 4283: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4181:industry and 4180: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4015: 4013: 4012:consciousness 4009: 4005: 4004:spindle cells 4001: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3978: 3954: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3904:terminal cone 3901: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3877:K-strategists 3872: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3822:stomach worms 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3761: 3756: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3714: 3709: 3700: 3696: 3694: 3693:killer whales 3688: 3686: 3670: 3668: 3667:salt-receptor 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3498:invertebrates 3495: 3494:blood vessels 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3424:rete mirabile 3421: 3417: 3414:is 60 to 140 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3400:muscular wall 3391: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3245: 3236: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3166: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2997:M. selenensis 2994: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2864: 2858: 2853: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2725:Praemegaptera 2721: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2680:Megapteropsis 2676: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2497:Palaeobalaena 2493: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2417:Eucetotherium 2413: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2402: 2401:Cephalotropis 2397: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2375:Cetotheriidae 2372: 2368: 2367: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2174:Peripolocetus 2170: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2111:bowhead whale 2108: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2091:Balaenomorpha 2088: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1916:Willungacetus 1912: 1910: 1909: 1908:Morawanocetus 1904: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1864: 1863: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1832: 1830: 1823: 1815: 1814:Cetotheriidae 1809: 1801: 1799: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1773: 1765: 1763: 1756: 1748: 1746: 1739: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1697: 1688: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1672:Ancient Greek 1669: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1623:"mustache" + 1616: 1612: 1608: 1607:ho mustikētos 1598: 1589:), in which " 1588: 1587:Ancient Greek 1584: 1583: 1578: 1572: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1471:Omura's whale 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1423:Bryde's whale 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1381:living fossil 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1364:baleen plates 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329:B. mysticetus 1326: 1325:bowhead whale 1322: 1321: 1316: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1293: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1275: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1257: 1256: 1248: 1247: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1221: 1220: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1199:Bryde's whale 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1099:Omura's whale 1094: 1093: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1004: 998: 997: 991: 990: 987: 986: 983: 981: 977: 971: 970: 964: 963: 960: 959: 951: 950: 947: 945: 941: 935: 934: 931: 930: 927: 925: 921: 915: 914: 908: 907: 901: 898: 897: 894: 893: 890: 888: 884: 878: 877:Cetotheriidae 875: 874: 868: 867: 864: 863: 855: 854: 846: 845: 837: 836: 833: 831: 827: 821: 820: 817: 816: 813: 811: 807: 801: 800: 794: 793: 790: 789: 786: 784: 780: 774: 773: 767: 766: 763: 762: 759: 757: 753: 752:Bowhead whale 747: 746: 740: 737: 736: 730: 729: 723: 720: 719: 715: 714: 706: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 671:Cetotheriidae 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 645: 641: 637: 631: 627: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 582: 580: 576: 575:vocalizations 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517:lunge-feeding 514: 513:baleen plates 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 450:Cetotheriidae 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 420: 416: 412: 409: 408:keratinaceous 406:), which use 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 386: 382: 378: 372: 345: 344:Baleen whales 334: 333: 331: 328: 324: 321: 317: 314: 310: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 285:Cetotheriidae 283: 281: 277: 275: 271: 270: 269: 266: 264: 260: 259: 258: 255: 253: 249: 247: 243: 241: 240: 235: 233: 232: 227: 226: 224: 221: 217: 213: 208: 205: 202: 201: 198: 195: 192: 191: 188: 185: 182: 181: 178: 175: 172: 171: 168: 165: 162: 161: 158: 155: 152: 151: 148: 145: 142: 141: 136: 131: 127: 124: 120: 116: 112: 107: 103: 98: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 36: 24:Baleen whales 22: 19: 12221: 12112: 12100: 12089:T. shepherdi 12088: 12076: 12065:M. traversii 12064: 12055: 12046: 12037: 12028: 12019: 12010: 12001: 11992: 11983: 11975:M. europaeus 11974: 11965: 11956: 11947: 11938: 11929: 11909: 11898:I. pacificus 11897: 11885: 11873: 11864: 11844: 11832: 11823: 11814: 11802: 11769: 11757: 11732: 11724:P. gangetica 11723: 11711: 11686: 11674: 11649: 11640: 11631: 11619: 11594: 11586:K. breviceps 11585: 11573: 11548: 11536: 11528:Physeteridae 11511: 11501:Phocoenoides 11499: 11487: 11478: 11469: 11461:P. dioptrica 11460: 11448: 11436: 11427: 11407: 11375:M. monoceros 11374: 11362: 11350: 11338: 11330:Monodontidae 11314:T. truncatus 11313: 11305:T. erebennus 11304: 11296:T. australis 11295: 11286: 11266: 11254: 11242: 11230: 11222:S. frontalis 11221: 11212: 11203: 11195:S. attenuata 11194: 11182: 11170: 11161: 11152: 11144:S. chinensis 11143: 11123: 11111: 11102: 11090: 11078: 11066: 11054: 11042: 11030: 11018: 11007:O. heinsohni 11006: 10997: 10985: 10973: 10964: 10946:Lissodelphis 10944: 10932: 10923: 10914: 10906:L. australis 10905: 10896: 10887: 10875: 10863: 10851: 10839: 10827: 10815: 10806: 10788:Globicephala 10786: 10775:F. attenuata 10774: 10762: 10750: 10738: 10726: 10717: 10708: 10699: 10687: 10626:C. marginata 10625: 10613: 10588: 10576: 10564: 10563:Gray whale ( 10554:Eschrichtius 10552: 10540: 10531: 10522: 10513: 10512:Blue whale ( 10504: 10495: 10486: 10477: 10468: 10458:Balaenoptera 10456: 10423: 10415:E. glacialis 10414: 10406:E. australis 10405: 10385: 10373: 10361: 10337: 10322:Whippomorpha 10316:Artiodactyla 10185: 10181: 10154: 10136: 10101: 10097: 10067: 10046: 10013: 10010:"Gray whale" 9983: 9959: 9955: 9949: 9937:. Retrieved 9933: 9923: 9905:. Retrieved 9898:the original 9893: 9889: 9876: 9850: 9846: 9836: 9824:. Retrieved 9820: 9810: 9801: 9789: 9777:. Retrieved 9772: 9766: 9759: 9748:. Retrieved 9744: 9734: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9671: 9668: 9661: 9609: 9605: 9548: 9544: 9534: 9509: 9505: 9499: 9487:. Retrieved 9482: 9473: 9461:. Retrieved 9457: 9444: 9403: 9399: 9389: 9377:. Retrieved 9367: 9341: 9331: 9319:. Retrieved 9309: 9297:. Retrieved 9287: 9275:. Retrieved 9265: 9239: 9229: 9217:. Retrieved 9213: 9203: 9192:. Retrieved 9185:the original 9171: 9147: 9143: 9137: 9125:. Retrieved 9121: 9111: 9100:the original 9091: 9084: 9072:. Retrieved 9067: 9058: 9049: 9044: 9018: 8972: 8961: 8934: 8927: 8915:. Retrieved 8904: 8892:. Retrieved 8882: 8855: 8849: 8837:. Retrieved 8833: 8823: 8811:. Retrieved 8785: 8778:. Retrieved 8773: 8764: 8731: 8727: 8721: 8705: 8678: 8671: 8659:. Retrieved 8648: 8640: 8624: 8616: 8600: 8573: 8566: 8539: 8532: 8520:. Retrieved 8509: 8474: 8467: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8402: 8398: 8392: 8384: 8357: 8350: 8341: 8335: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8304: 8295: 8289: 8273: 8232:(105): 105. 8229: 8225: 8219: 8211: 8184: 8177: 8138:(1): 92–93. 8135: 8131: 8121: 8105: 8074:. Retrieved 8070: 8060: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8001:(1): 50–86. 7998: 7994: 7988: 7943: 7939: 7934:Orcinus orca 7933: 7925: 7890: 7886: 7876: 7843: 7839: 7833: 7780: 7776: 7766: 7754: 7711: 7701: 7666: 7662: 7652: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7559: 7555: 7545: 7510: 7506: 7454: 7450: 7440: 7428:. Retrieved 7424:the original 7413: 7387: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7309: 7267: 7263: 7257: 7249: 7233: 7200: 7197:Paleobiology 7196: 7186: 7177: 7165: 7149: 7114: 7110: 7100: 7088:. Retrieved 7084: 7074: 7047: 7040: 7024: 6978: 6971: 6955: 6939: 6914: 6906: 6860: 6853: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6786: 6782: 6769: 6742: 6716: 6692: 6688: 6675: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6603: 6587: 6575: 6534: 6530: 6497: 6493: 6441: 6437: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6302: 6286: 6274: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6123: 6119: 6061: 6057: 6001: 5997: 5983: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5915: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5836: 5828: 5796:(1): 94–96. 5793: 5789: 5779: 5721: 5717: 5703: 5676: 5669: 5638:(1): 15–37. 5635: 5631: 5621: 5578: 5574: 5564: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5527: 5507: 5500: 5460:(1): 63–80. 5457: 5453: 5443: 5411: 5407: 5351: 5347: 5309: 5305: 5260: 5250: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5144: 5117: 5110: 5091: 5086: 5024: 5020: 5010: 4986:(1): 77–90. 4983: 4979: 4969: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4872:(1): 73–88. 4869: 4865: 4857: 4845: 4821:(1): 32–50. 4818: 4814: 4803: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4743: 4731: 4714: 4708: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4617: 4611: 4578: 4574: 4571:Balaenoptera 4570: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4494: 4488: 4476:. Retrieved 4471: 4465: 4457: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4394: 4387: 4367: 4360: 4338: 4318: 4307:In captivity 4298: 4279: 4263: 4228: 4208: 4183:anti-whaling 4176: 4140:Rice's whale 4133: 4106: 4083: 4067:Newfoundland 4043: 3997: 3994:Intelligence 3985: 3974: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3873: 3861: 3834:liver flukes 3813: 3805: 3799: 3796:commensalism 3792:larval stage 3781: 3773:dusky sharks 3765: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3725: 3717: 3697: 3689: 3681: 3648: 3609: 3577: 3544: 3537: 3506: 3463: 3396: 3368: 3352: 3324: 3302:, they lack 3272: 3257: 3203: 3176: 3146: 3141: 3118: 3081:Eomysticetus 3079: 3073: 3062: 3047: 3016: 3012: 2996: 2982: 2981: 2978:, had teeth. 2973: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2904: 2894: 2868: 2861: 2832:nomen dubium 2831: 2825: 2819:nomen dubium 2818: 2812: 2806:nomen dubium 2805: 2801:Siphonocetus 2799: 2791: 2785:nomen dubium 2784: 2778: 2770: 2762: 2753: 2746: 2731: 2723: 2715: 2707: 2699: 2691: 2685:nomen dubium 2684: 2678: 2666: 2659: 2641:Eschrichtius 2639: 2632: 2624: 2616: 2609:nomen dubium 2607: 2601: 2595:Balaenoptera 2593: 2586: 2578: 2555: 2548:Superfamily 2537: 2529: 2521: 2512: 2506:Piscobalaena 2504: 2495: 2489:Otradnocetus 2487: 2479: 2471: 2463: 2455: 2449:Kurdalagonus 2447: 2439: 2433:Herpetocetus 2431: 2423: 2415: 2407: 2399: 2387: 2382:Brandtocetus 2380: 2366:Tranatocetus 2364: 2356: 2348: 2332: 2324: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2284: 2279:Diorocetidae 2268: 2263:Aglaocetidae 2254: 2246: 2238: 2230: 2222: 2214: 2206: 2198: 2190: 2172: 2164: 2156: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2124: 2115: 2107:right whales 2095:Superfamily 2078: 2070: 2062: 2054: 2046: 2040:Eomysticetus 2038: 2022: 2009:Superfamily 2002: 1994: 1986: 1970: 1954: 1946: 1930: 1925:Llanocetidae 1914: 1906: 1898: 1890: 1882: 1874: 1869:Aetiocetidae 1860: 1853: 1829:Balaenoptera 1828: 1800:, Balaenidae 1797: 1778: 1764:, Balaenidae 1761: 1745:Eschrichtius 1744: 1708:(a swarm of 1702: 1682: 1674: 1665: 1655: 1648: 1635: 1606: 1602:ὁ μυστικῆτος 1596: 1580: 1530: 1516:Sea of Japan 1506: 1503:Pterobalaena 1502: 1499:Balaenoptera 1498: 1490: 1482: 1474: 1466: 1458: 1450: 1442: 1439:Rice's whale 1434: 1431:Eden's whale 1426: 1418: 1410: 1402:Eschrichtius 1400: 1393: 1389:Balaenoptera 1387: 1385: 1371: 1367: 1359: 1357: 1353:E. glacialis 1352: 1349:E. australis 1348: 1344: 1328: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1197: 1177: 1148:Rice's whale 1146: 1128:Eden's whale 1126: 1097: 1064: 1028: 1008: 974: 938: 918: 881: 824: 804: 777: 750: 721: 695:artiodactyls 661:(rorquals), 655:right whales 633: 583: 533: 486: 462:mesonychians 387: 376: 343: 342: 267: 263:Aetiocetidae 256: 246:Llanocetidae 237: 229: 206: 193:Infraorder: 187:Artiodactyla 18: 12336:iNaturalist 12246:Wikispecies 12202:Marine Life 12020:M. layardii 11939:M. bowdoini 11887:Indopacetus 11470:P. phocoena 11409:Neophocoena 11397:(Porpoises) 11391:Phocoenidae 10965:L. borealis 10933:L. obscurus 10915:L. cruciger 10709:C. eutropia 10671:Delphinidae 10656:Odontoceti 10565:E. robustus 10532:B. physalus 10530:Fin whale ( 10514:B. musculus 10487:B. borealis 10485:Sei whale ( 10424:E. japonica 10308:Superorder 10302:Infraclass 10039:Cope, E. D. 9971:Works cited 9853:(4): 1–74. 9795:"Cetaceans" 9779:15 December 8834:The Monthly 8712:, pp. 8657:. Softpedia 8280:, pp. 7893:: 285–297. 7846:(1): 1–13. 7669:: 285–297. 7513:: 117–130. 6960:Tinker 1988 6895:Tinker 1988 6789:: 309–311. 6608:Tinker 1988 6592:Tinker 1988 6580:Tinker 1988 5857:10088/22502 5077:, pp. 4288:. However, 4092:New Bedford 4079:skirt hoops 4039:blue whales 4000:mirror test 3934:Spectrogram 3887:. They are 3881:promiscuous 3850:Whale penis 3769:sardine run 3728:euphausiids 3620:odontocetes 3551:vocal cords 3451:blood cells 3428:extremities 3372:Lung volume 3296:small hairs 3179:sea turtles 3130:mid-Miocene 3087:dorsal side 2993:Late Eocene 2962:Maiabalaena 2956:Cetotherium 2891:Archaeoceti 2717:Plesiocetus 2661:Gricetoides 2646:gray whales 2603:Burtinopsis 2566:: rorquals 2514:Titanocetus 2457:Metopocetus 2409:Cetotherium 2319:Pelocetidae 2248:Tiphyocetus 2166:Morenocetus 2097:Balaenoidea 2080:Yamatocetus 1884:Ashorocetus 1714:callosities 1678:(phállaina) 1505:, and have 1491:E. robustus 1485:), and the 1451:B. musculus 1419:B. borealis 1411:B. physalus 1376:genetically 1345:E. japonica 612:results in 544:crustaceans 335:Mystacoceti 280:Pelocetidae 257:Kinetomenta 203:Parvorder: 12459:Categories 12078:Tasmacetus 12038:M. perrini 12011:M. hotaula 12002:M. hectori 11911:Mesoplodon 11846:Hyperoodon 11833:B. minimus 11824:B. bairdii 11815:B. arnuxii 11759:Pontoporia 11713:Platanista 11287:T. aduncus 11204:S. clymene 11171:S. teuszii 11153:S. plumbea 11055:P. electra 10974:L. peronii 10840:G. griseus 10751:D. delphis 10727:C. hectori 10654:Parvorder 10446:(Rorquals) 10353:Balaenidae 10338:Mysticeti 10336:Parvorder 9962:: 181–189. 9939:29 January 9907:2016-03-14 9826:29 January 9750:2021-01-22 9489:29 January 9463:29 January 9379:29 January 9321:29 January 9299:30 January 9277:27 January 9219:27 January 9194:2016-11-15 9127:27 January 8917:25 January 8894:25 January 8813:25 January 8780:25 January 8096:, p. 8076:24 January 7430:23 January 7090:23 January 6915:Physiology 6723:, p. 6610:, p. 6594:, p. 6309:, p. 6293:, p. 4478:25 January 4347:References 4290:oil spills 4232:Greenpeace 4156:vulnerable 4152:endangered 4117:See also: 3988:infrasonic 3977:media help 3919:Whale song 3893:lek mating 3889:polygynous 3885:pair bonds 3848:See also: 3816:, forms a 3784:whale lice 3760:whale lice 3655:pheromones 3624:ultrasonic 3525:iron oxide 3521:Necropsies 3517:cerebellum 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