77:
204:
17:
278:
187:
The pavilion where the kulkul is hanged is usually a four-posted wooden structure topped with a pyramidal-shaped roof. Larger temple bale kulkul has the roof of its pavilion supported with eight posts, which supports two layers of roof. The frame is usually of timber. The roof can be of a thatched
112:. In its simplest construction, this bale kulkul consists of a plinth-base of hardened earth, topped with a wooden structure which provides the height, topped with a pavilion where the kulkul is kept. In a village, this bale kulkul is built in a strategic area where the villagers can be summoned.
115:
In
Balinese temples, the bale kulkul usually found straddling onto a wall corner. It is usually constructed of masonry structure and heavily decorated with mythic figures. The base of a temple bale kulkul reaches significant height, and is divided into three levels from bottom to top:
97:("great pavilion", a pavilion for the congregation), a wedding, death of a person, etc. In the past, the kulkul was also sounded as a call to arms. A bale kulkul varies in design according to the wealth of the builder.
265:
In modern time, the structural form of bale kulkul is used for different function, such as security post. Generator room, lift shaft, garage, water tower, and storage may imitate the traditional bale kulkul.
84:
Bale kulkul is a watchtower-like structure. It consists of a base topped with a wooden structure where the kulkul is hanged. A roof canopy provides shelter for the kulkul. The kulkul itself is basically a
258:
contains a bale kulkul-like structure that is used as a mean to call for prayer. Unlike the Middle
Eastern minaret, the "minaret" of the Menara Kudus Mosque is topped with a drum called
184:
is always made of the wood of jackfruit tree and is struck in a very slow rhythm to call the gods. Kulkul bhuta is made of bamboo and is struck to summon the Bhuta kala (demons).
164:) and is decorated with birds and other celestial figures. On top of the swah level is the wooden pavilion where the kulkul is kept. A large bale kulkul in
104:). The kulkul of this kind of bale kulkul is known as Kulkul Manusia ("kulkul of human"). Kulkul Manusia can be constructed of any type of wood, usually
563:
246:
in Java, a bale kulkul-like structure in 15th-century Java was still used as a sign to congregate villagers, but this time as a call for prayer. The
239:. This suggests that these towers were kept alive throughout the Hindu-Buddhist period and persisting in the Islamic era of Indonesian civilization.
64:. A bale kulkul can has a civic function, such as those used in villages as a mean of communication; or for religious function, an integral part of
500:
235:. The Moon of Pejeng is the world's largest and most complete type of drum known as the Pejeng type drums which have been found in Bali and
525:
262:. The minaret of the Menara Kudus Mosque is currently the only structure of this type, but it may be more widespread in the past.
76:
1011:
556:
867:
1129:
1104:
998:
461:
93:. Different rhythms indicate the particular reason for the summons, for example, a meeting of household heads at the
1066:
978:
549:
100:
There are many kinds of bale kulkul. A bale kulkul used for civic function is usually found in
Balinese villages (
442:
1056:
1021:
973:
333:
907:
836:
89:: a percussive device consisting of a hollow piece of timber with a slit in one side, a common device in
472:
736:
617:
296:
176:, celestial goddesses, and lion-like effigies. There are two kinds of kulkul the temple's bale kulkul,
1124:
937:
572:
828:
862:
723:
1092:
602:
595:
291:
220:
203:
224:
208:
8:
1051:
1041:
1031:
818:
247:
708:
517:
942:
902:
746:
656:
642:
484:
243:
219:
Bale kulkul is an ancient architectural feature of
Indonesia, predating the arrival of
684:
492:
457:
438:
45:
1046:
872:
689:
283:
16:
1026:
612:
475:[Bale Kulkul As A Building Which Support The City's Cultural Character].
431:
65:
21:
1087:
1061:
1016:
1006:
232:
215:
village, Bali, contains the world's largest bronze drum cast in a single piece.
90:
1118:
887:
496:
488:
541:
1082:
947:
877:
787:
756:
627:
255:
251:
188:
material or of clay pantiles. The top of the roof may be decorated with a
172:
stone ornamentation and decorated with mythic figures such as the head of
897:
882:
813:
674:
664:
61:
857:
632:
580:
952:
917:
912:
892:
782:
777:
761:
731:
637:
473:"BALE KULKUL SEBAGAI BANGUNAN PENANDA PENDUKUNG KARAKTER KOTA BUDAYA"
109:
86:
53:
1036:
751:
647:
231:
village contains an approximately 2,000 years-old bronze drum, the
437:. Indonesian Heritage. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press.
180:("kulkul of the gods") and Kulkul Bhuta ("kulkul of the bhutas").
713:
669:
396:
394:
679:
228:
212:
192:
165:
25:
988:
983:
968:
841:
808:
792:
741:
622:
391:
259:
173:
236:
168:
subdistrict is constructed of ochre-colored brickwork with
105:
49:
29:
369:
367:
140:) and is decorated with figures of giant creatures. The
313:
311:
406:
477:
364:
352:
308:
273:
430:
60:) is placed. It is essentially a drum tower or a
1116:
379:
429:Budi A. Sukada (1998). Gunawan Tjahjono (ed.).
428:
400:
571:
557:
564:
550:
470:
412:
373:
328:
326:
202:
198:
144:level represents the realm of the human
75:
15:
518:"Indonesia's Mysterious Moon of Pejeng"
451:
358:
317:
1117:
528:from the original on November 18, 2016
503:from the original on November 18, 2016
132:level represents the underworld realm
545:
515:
385:
323:
152:) and is decorated with animals. The
516:Simao, M. Renee (October 6, 2008).
156:level represents the realm of gods
13:
14:
1141:
1076:Post-colonial & contemporary
979:Mosque architecture in Indonesia
471:Saraswati, A.A. Ayu Oka (2006).
456:. Singapore: Tuttle Publishing.
276:
421:
1:
1012:Church buildings in Indonesia
302:
974:List of mosques in Indonesia
71:
7:
931:Hindu-Buddhism in Indonesia
837:Sundanese traditional house
269:
10:
1146:
737:Javanese traditional house
618:Balinese traditional house
297:Balinese traditional house
1130:Architecture in Indonesia
1101:
1075:
997:
961:
938:Ancient monuments of Java
930:
850:
827:
801:
770:
722:
698:
655:
594:
579:
573:Architecture of Indonesia
452:Davison, Julian (2003).
581:Vernacular architecture
223:. A bale kulkul at the
340:. Blogspot. April 2015
216:
81:
48:"drum pavilion") is a
33:
1093:Soejoedi Wirjoatmodjo
603:Bali Aga architecture
454:Balinese architecture
292:Balinese architecture
221:Hinduism in Indonesia
206:
199:History and evolution
80:A simple bale kulkul.
79:
19:
334:"Bale Kulkul Dalung"
242:With the arrival of
225:Pura Penataran Sasih
209:Pura Penataran Sasih
1052:Nieuwe Zakelijkheid
1042:Indies Empire style
1032:Henri Maclaine Pont
401:Budi A. Sukada 1998
338:Nusantara Knowledge
248:Menara Kudus Mosque
207:The bale kulkul of
962:Islam in Indonesia
244:Islam in Indonesia
217:
108:wood or wood of a
82:
34:
1112:
1111:
926:
925:
479:(in Indonesian).
52:pavilion where a
1137:
1125:Balinese culture
1067:Wolff Schoemaker
1047:New Indies Style
613:Balinese temples
592:
591:
566:
559:
552:
543:
542:
537:
535:
533:
512:
510:
508:
467:
448:
436:
416:
410:
404:
403:, pp. 88–9.
398:
389:
383:
377:
371:
362:
356:
350:
349:
347:
345:
330:
321:
315:
286:
284:Indonesia portal
281:
280:
279:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1097:
1071:
1027:Han Groenewegen
993:
957:
922:
846:
823:
797:
766:
718:
694:
651:
590:
575:
570:
540:
531:
529:
506:
504:
464:
445:
424:
419:
411:
407:
399:
392:
384:
380:
372:
365:
357:
353:
343:
341:
332:
331:
324:
316:
309:
305:
282:
277:
275:
272:
250:in the city of
201:
74:
68:architecture.
66:Balinese temple
22:Pura Taman Ayun
20:Bale kulkul in
12:
11:
5:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1088:Liem Bwan Tjie
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1062:Thomas Karsten
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Frans Ghijsels
1019:
1017:Cosman Citroen
1014:
1009:
1007:Albert Aalbers
1003:
1001:
999:Dutch colonial
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
965:
963:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
934:
932:
928:
927:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
854:
852:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
833:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
816:
811:
805:
803:
799:
798:
796:
795:
790:
785:
780:
774:
772:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
728:
726:
720:
719:
717:
716:
711:
706:
702:
700:
696:
695:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
661:
659:
653:
652:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
598:
589:
588:
585:
583:
577:
576:
569:
568:
561:
554:
546:
539:
538:
513:
468:
462:
449:
443:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:
413:Saraswati 2006
405:
390:
378:
374:Saraswati 2006
363:
351:
322:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:
271:
268:
233:Moon of Pejeng
200:
197:
110:jackfruit tree
91:Southeast Asia
73:
70:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1142:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Pieter Moojen
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
929:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
849:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
820:
819:Thousand Legs
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
804:
800:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
773:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
725:
721:
715:
712:
710:
707:
704:
703:
701:
697:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
660:
658:
654:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
597:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
547:
544:
527:
524:. Wordpress.
523:
519:
514:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
465:
463:9780794600716
459:
455:
450:
446:
440:
435:
434:
427:
426:
415:, p. 11.
414:
409:
402:
397:
395:
387:
382:
375:
370:
368:
361:, p. 45.
360:
355:
339:
335:
329:
327:
320:, p. 24.
319:
314:
312:
307:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
285:
274:
267:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
210:
205:
196:
194:
191:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
113:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
78:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:slit-log drum
51:
47:
43:
39:
31:
28:subdistrict,
27:
23:
18:
1103:
1083:Jengki style
1037:Indies style
948:Candi bentar
851:Other region
788:Rumah Gadang
757:Kalang house
628:Candi bentar
607:
532:November 18,
530:. Retrieved
521:
507:November 18,
505:. Retrieved
480:
476:
453:
433:Architecture
432:
408:
381:
376:, p. 8.
359:Davison 2003
354:
344:November 18,
342:. Retrieved
337:
318:Davison 2003
264:
256:Central Java
241:
218:
189:
186:
181:
177:
169:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
101:
99:
94:
83:
57:
42:bale kul-kul
41:
37:
35:
771:Minangkabau
709:Long houses
665:Rumah Bolon
608:Bale kulkul
422:Cited works
182:Kulkul Dewa
178:Kulkul Dewa
62:watch tower
38:bale kulkul
1119:Categories
633:Meru tower
444:9813018305
386:Simao 2008
303:References
160:(Sanskrit
150:bhuvarloka
148:(Sanskrit
136:(Sanskrit
95:bale agung
56:(Balinese
953:Paduraksa
898:Palembang
883:Manggarai
829:Sundanese
783:Rangkiang
778:Balairung
762:Saka guru
732:Alun-alun
643:Padmasana
638:Paduraksa
497:0126-219X
489:2338-7858
87:slit drum
72:Structure
1105:Category
888:Mentawai
873:Gayonese
858:Acehnese
752:Pendhapa
724:Javanese
648:Wantilan
596:Balinese
526:Archived
522:Bearings
501:Archived
270:See also
190:kemuncak
162:svarloka
138:bhurloka
50:Balinese
46:Balinese
868:Enggano
714:Sandung
670:Geriten
913:Toraja
863:Banjar
802:Papuan
747:Kraton
680:Jambur
495:
487:
460:
441:
229:Pejeng
213:Pejeng
193:finial
166:Mengwi
146:bhuwah
128:. The
124:, and
102:banjar
58:kulkul
26:Mengwi
989:Tajug
984:Surau
969:Bedug
943:Candi
918:Uluan
908:Sumba
903:Sasak
878:Malay
842:Leuit
809:Honai
793:Surau
742:Joglo
705:Liang
699:Dayak
685:Singa
675:Gorga
657:Batak
623:Bhoma
485:eISSN
483:(1).
260:bedug
252:Kudus
174:Bhoma
170:paras
142:batur
130:tepas
122:batur
118:tepas
893:Nias
690:Sopo
534:2016
509:2016
493:ISSN
458:ISBN
439:ISBN
346:2016
237:Java
158:swah
154:sari
134:bhur
126:sari
106:teak
36:The
30:Bali
814:Jew
227:at
211:in
40:or
1121::
520:.
499:.
491:.
481:34
393:^
366:^
336:.
325:^
310:^
254:,
195:.
120:,
24:,
565:e
558:t
551:v
536:.
511:.
466:.
447:.
388:.
348:.
44:(
32:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
