1939:
1948:, p. It is hard to know which is the more perplexing: the complete lack of evidence in the Qur'an for any idol smashing on the part of Muhammad, or its portrait of the Mushrikun as owners of great herds of oxen, cows and sheep. Mecca, a place notoriously dry and barren, is not, most agronomists would agree, an obvious spot for cattle ranching—just as the volcanic dust that constitutes its soil is signally unsuited to making "grain grow, and vines, fresh vegetation, olive trees, date palms, luscious gardens, fruit and fodder.".
952:
as well. As the psalmist is away, he writes about the pilgrimage back to
Jerusalem, where dry and desolate places like the Valley of Bakha may be encountered, but it will be enlightened by the pilgrims, and treated it as if they were places of springs; finding refuge through hardship—the rains are the responses by God through faith during the troubling times. After the pilgrimage, the pilgrims are congregated in the presence of God, where prayers are offered.
25:
530:
1201:
1963:
777:, it was incomprehensible to the Quraysh until a Jew translated it for them as follows: "I am Allah, the Lord of Bakka. I created it on the day I created heaven and earth and formed the sun and the moon, and I surrounded it with seven pious angels. It will stand while its two mountains stand, a blessing to its people with milk and water."
1951:
1972:, p. Nor, in fact, is there anything in the Qur'an itself that would serve to contradict this universal presumption. Just the opposite, in fact. The Bakka described by the Prophet shimmers with the same numinous aura that had long attached itself to another sanctuary: Mamre. "It is the place where Abraham stood to pray".
745:. Unlike Arab tradition, Genesis accounts that Hagar set a dying Ismael underneath a bush and then sat down a bowshot distance's away as to not watch him die, and when he began to cry, God called from Heaven to Hagar to take Ismael and continue traveling, where then he opened her eyes, revealing a well.
951:
and in the presence of enemies, who give taunts about the psalmist being away from Zion and being rejected by God, and cries about the weakness of the soul deficient in faith are given. Linking with Psalms 84, the same psalmist would praise the presence of God which is at Zion, and yearns to be there
1635:
Surely the first House ˹of worship˺ established for humanity is the one at Bakkah—a blessed sanctuary and a guide for ˹all˺ people. In it are clear signs and the standing-place of
Abraham. Whoever enters it should be safe. Pilgrimage to this House is an obligation by Allah upon whoever is able among
1791:
See, for example, Amos Hakham, Book of Psalms , vol. 2: 73-150, Jerusalem: Mossad Rav Kook, 1990, p. 104: "There are commentators who explain that `emeq haBaka הבכא is a valley where certain trees grow that are called בכאים pronounced "b'kha'im" – "bakha-trees," this valley is emeq refaim עמק רפאים
1188:
of early mosques face Petra more accurately than Mecca. Others have challenged the notion of comparing modern readings of qibla directions to early mosques’ qiblas as they claim early
Muslims could not accurately calculate the direction of the qibla to Mecca and so the apparent pinpointing of Petra
611:
According to Lisān al-'Arab of Ibn Manẓūr, the site of the Kaaba and its surroundings was named Bakkah due to crowding and congestion of people in the area. The Arabic verb bakka (بَكَّ), with double "k", means to crowd like in a bazaar. This is not to be confused with another unrelated Arabic verb
922:
Another Jewish interpretation states that the psalm is a celebration of pilgrimage to the Temple (at this time, the First Temple), and that the psalmist desires to be in the Temple—the
Presence of God—and details steps of the way to Jerusalem, where it is located. On the way, the pilgrims may pass
910:
which are not given inherited land amongst the other tribes, but rather travel—particularly as shepherds—between the lands of the other tribes ("They go from strength to strength") and have priesthood responsibilities as their inheritance ("every one of them in Zion appeareth before God"), and as
631:
One meaning ascribed to it is "narrow", seen as descriptive of the area in which the valley of the holy places and the city of Mecca are located, pressed in upon as they are by mountains. Widely believed to be a synonym for Mecca, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley
1960:, p. A murk such as this spreads impenetrably. Where precisely Muhammad believed Bakka to have stood it is surely now impossible to say. Such evidence as might once have existed has long since been lost. Clues remain, but they are all of them ambiguous and fragmentary in the extreme..
832:
Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are the ways of them. those Who passing through the valley of the Bakha, they make it a spring; Also blessing the first rain will give. They go from strength to strength, every one of them in Zion appeareth before
671:
were interchangeable. The
Quranic passage using the form Bakkah says: "Surely the first House ˹of worship˺ established for humanity is the one at Bakkah—a blessed sanctuary and a guide for ˹all˺ people." Other references to Mecca in the Quran
727:—two elevated points—seven times to search for help before sitting down in despair, at which point an angel appeared and hit the ground with his heel (or his wing) and caused a miraculous well to spring out of the ground.
2014:
882:
Muslims see the mention of a pilgrimage to the Valley of Bakha in the passage as a reference to Mecca, similar to the Quran in 3:96. Some also draw connections of the passage "they make it a place of springs" to the
3387:
1103:, postulate that Mecca and Bakkah might not be different spelling variations of the same area, a view commonly held by historical and modern Islamic authors, but rather Bakkah existed in another place.
763:
In addition to the
Islamic tradition that Hagar and Ishmael settled in Bakkah, the Quran relates that Abraham came to Mecca to help his son Ishmael build the Kaaba adjacent to the well of Zamzam.
927:. Here, the phrase "also blessing the first rain will give" refers to the beginning of winter in the region of Israel—the first rains—suggesting that the pilgrimage is for the festival of
601:("And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within Makkah after He caused you to overcome them. And ever is Allāh, of what you do, Seeing."))
919:. In this interpretation, the psalm gives glory to the Tribe of Levi and praises their inheritance of priesthood ("whose strength is in thee") over an inheritance of land.
2100:
1084:
assumed it to be the similar-sounding word בכה ("bakhah"), "crying", and translates it as ἐν τῇ κοιλάδι τοῦ κλαυθμῶνος ("Valley of
Mourning", "Valley of Weeping").
1922:
Yea, the sparrow hath found an house, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her young, even thine altars, O LORD of hosts, my King, and my God.
1145:
Although he asserts that it's not possible to ascertain where Bakkah had exactly stood during the early
Islamic history, he later postulates the region of
2123:
410:
719:(21:14-21). Genesis tells that Abraham gave Hagar food and a skin of water, but that Hagar and Ishmael ran out of water to drink in the outskirts of
577:, a verse sometimes translated as: "Indeed, the first House established for mankind was that at Bakkah - blessed and a guidance for the worlds." (
2093:
1792:"Valley of Ghosts" or "Valley of Giants" – 2 Sam 5:22-24, and it is where pilgrims would ascend on their way to the temple area in Jerusalem" ."
3550:
632:
located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the
748:
The
Islamic tradition holds that a spring gushed forth from the spot where Hagar had laid Ishmael, and this spring came to be known as the
257:
1048:
is commonly recorded to have only been used twice throughout all of
Biblical Hebrew; both instances, one of which is plural (הַבְּכָאִים
923:
through the Valley of Bakha, which could be synonymous with the Valley of Rephaim, as it is a valley where bakha trees grow according to
2086:
1134:
and gardens of vines, olives, and pomegranates) being vastly different from desert regions of Mecca and being more in line with wetter
3287:
404:
963:, which has been practiced since Greek translations and continued throughout Latin and English translations. In this—unlike בכה (
733:(Abraham's wife and half sister in Genesis), from Abraham (who remains in Beersheba) due to Ismael provoking Sarah on the day of
2044:
1897:
1870:
1813:
1738:
1711:
1611:
1584:
1550:
1520:
1478:
1446:
1416:
1382:
1336:
1100:
773:
before Islam, found an inscription in one of the corners of the foundation of the building that mentions Bakkah. Composed in
2874:
3884:
729:
However, the account in Genesis focuses more about the outcasting of Hagar, the mother of Ishmael and an Egyptian slave to
384:
1372:
1184:, which is also situated in the Levant instead of the modern location of Mecca. The major point of the theory is that the
947:, which are also credited to the Sons of Korah. In the earlier psalms, they are seen as lamentations from being away from
911:
they travel, they bring pasture to desolated lands, such as a valley of bakha trees which served as a battlefield between
4702:
912:
350:
120:
604:
Most Muslims believe Mecca and Bakkah are synonyms, but to Muslim scholars there is a distinction: Bakkah refers to the
1991:
1766:
4099:
3798:
1776:
1107:
345:
340:
67:
1920:
My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the LORD: my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God.
608:
and the sacred site immediately surrounding it, while Mecca is the name of the city in which they are both located.
2878:
2636:
1860:
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1647:
879:
is advised to engage the Philistines in battle when he hears the sound of marching in the tops of the bakha trees.
223:
3166:
1887:
1677:
1468:
516:
396:
240:
34:
1912:
1728:
1701:
1540:
1840:
864:
462:
106:
760:
seven times, it is to commemorate Hagar's search for help and the resulting revelation of the well of Zamzam.
4561:
4105:
172:
4413:
3293:
1753:
2916:
1406:
1172:
Another theory, coined as the Mecca–Petra Theory—or simply the Petra Theory—by the development of it from
924:
860:
5268:
3519:
3510:
2204:
147:
3735:
1169:
tradition, but rather he interprets the sentence hinting at the possible Levantine location of Bakkah.
769:, the 8th-century Arab Muslim historian, relates that during the renovation of Kaaba undertaken by the
3753:
741:, and she travels alone with Ismael, who she later gets an Egyptian wife for during their stay at the
5734:
3690:
2518:
5717:
Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
5291:
3540:
1830:
944:
5588:
4690:
4378:
4278:
1161:, two words mentioned in the Quran along with Bakkah, which can be translated as "the place where
1153:. He identifies Mamre as an ancient Arabic pilgrimage site, citing a mid-7th century account by a
1117:
932:
5739:
3377:
3120:
2780:
907:
825:
4453:
4236:
3315:
2754:
1542:
Nasir Khusraw, the ruby of Badakhshan: a portrait of the Persian poet, traveller and philosopher
943:
Another interpretation, which is used by Jews and Christians, links the psalm as a successor to
5284:
4534:
3789:
3730:
3620:
3100:
2491:
1636:
the people. And whoever disbelieves, then surely Allah is not in need of ˹any of His˺ creation.
1512:
472:
457:
38:
1601:
1436:
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233:
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has a well revealed to by God in the outskirts of Beersheba, presumably on the way to Bakkah.
872:
132:
1932:
Who passing through the valley of the Bakha make it a well; the rain also filleth the pools.
1354:
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4406:
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3421:
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93:
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1730:
Short studies in the science of comparative religions: embracing all the religions of Asia
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1828:
5197:
5166:
4639:
4285:
4037:
3859:
3181:
2309:
1984:
Early Islamic Qiblas: A survey of mosques built between 1AH/622 C.E. and 263 AH/876 C.E
1505:
1287:
1058:), are dated to the same era and associate considerably with the land of Israel, while
332:
245:
228:
142:
2073:
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3435:
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3193:
3186:
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1809:
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1607:
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1412:
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1332:
1037:
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656:
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437:
5625:
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5138:
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4772:
4680:
4500:
4087:
3826:
3769:
3627:
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3416:
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2811:
2786:
2744:
2418:
2277:
1856:
1805:
The Jewish Study Bible: Featuring The Jewish Publication Society TANAKH Translation
1660:
1302:
may refer to is not known. Many modern translations suggest balsam or poplar trees.
1113:
931:, when prayers of rain are offered. If this is the case, the psalm may be based on
712:
704:
250:
137:
1930:
Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are the ways of them.
1803:
620:
Islamic tradition identifies Bakkah as the ancient name for the site of Mecca. An
5415:
5176:
5132:
4262:
3946:
3648:
3560:
3041:
2864:
2712:
2395:
2359:
2078:
1131:
1064:
1050:
1044:
letters: b-kh-' (Bet-Kaph-Aleph) for Hebrew, and b-k-h (Bet-Kaph-He) for Arabic.
1020:
1015:
996:
936:
884:
812:
797:
774:
757:
742:
716:
621:
553:
545:
3161:
1801:
1663:'s Journey to Mecca in Islamic Exegesis: A Form-Critical Study of a Tradition".
5278:
5246:
5206:
5073:
5064:
4835:
4820:
4759:
4476:
4396:
4337:
4006:
3854:
3632:
3371:
3344:
3320:
3155:
3139:
2992:
2951:
2923:
2890:
2817:
2734:
2722:
2700:
2684:
2525:
1441:(Illustrated, annotated, reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 337.
1181:
1135:
1124:, Quran mentioning Byzantine military expeditions and Quranic imagery (such as
1096:
1080:
A literal translation is "Valley of the Bakha", although the translations into
1004:
988:
749:
724:
696:
502:
485:
389:
111:
4650:
2054:
906:
One Jewish interpretation is based on how the psalm is composed by Levites, a
5728:
5273:
4985:
4908:
4885:
4330:
3740:
3696:
3637:
3603:
3527:
3426:
3360:
3002:
2971:
2706:
2654:
1166:
1126:
1000:
770:
612:
bakā (بَكَىٰ) (single k) which is the past tense of yabkī (يَبْكِي), to cry.
294:
281:
182:
4058:
3664:
2832:
1924:
Blessed are they that dwell in thy house: they will be still praising thee.
202:
5369:
5126:
4712:
4645:
4311:
4268:
3960:
3941:
3936:
3725:
3681:
3176:
2761:
2674:
2428:
2343:
2326:
2218:
2145:
1206:
1154:
987:). This still exists with modern translations which strongly reference the
901:
490:
267:
177:
3864:
3382:
2728:
1511:(Illustrated ed.). Continuum International Publishing Group. p.
5559:
5352:
5107:
5049:
5038:
4672:
4632:
4573:
4439:
4428:
4424:
3966:
3879:
3874:
2462:
1889:
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity: theological and historical affiliations
1706:(Reprint, illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 47.
1081:
3255:
3057:
2484:
1934:
They go from strength to strength, till each appears before God in Zion.
1599:
979:, as a Biblical Hebrew counterpart to the common Modern Hebrew word for
647:
597:
5088:
4968:
4872:
4863:
4447:
4094:
4047:
3931:
3612:
3365:
2438:
1829:
Donald Guthrie; Alec Motyer; Alan M. Stibbs; Donald J. Wiseman (1970).
1629:
1259:
1072:
location, which is traditionally located in the southern region of the
1069:
955:
Still, many Jews and Christians utilize the alternative translation of
948:
680:
674:
641:
581:
318:
289:
5384:
3144:
3105:
2445:
2268:
2034:
5647:
5637:
5325:
4777:
4588:
4514:
4360:
4148:
4017:
3718:
3702:
3047:
2694:
2382:
2331:
2195:
1150:
916:
838:
784:, the cloth covering the Kaaba that is replaced each year before the
766:
720:
625:
574:
5342:
2008:
1507:
Muhammad and Jesus: a comparison of the prophets and their teachings
1157:
chronicler that parallels the Quranic description. He also proposes
991:
of the psalm, including ones outside of English. The name עמק הבכא (
5549:
5389:
5374:
4663:
4345:
4185:
4174:
4167:
3956:
3804:
3783:
3411:
3305:
3230:
2905:
2570:
2532:
2338:
1626:
660:
564:
529:
467:
432:
101:
1411:(Illustrated ed.). University of Minnesota Press. p. 6.
1371:
Kees Versteegh (2008). C. H. M. Versteegh; Kees Versteegh (eds.).
5615:
5410:
4914:
4727:
4684:
4613:
4608:
4545:
4480:
4466:
4368:
4023:
4012:
3811:
3774:
3504:
3448:
3354:
2965:
2937:
2790:
2748:
2664:
2601:
2552:
2473:
1351:
1162:
897:
738:
708:
700:
306:
196:
191:
5658:
5533:
5405:
5320:
5239:
5181:
4997:
4991:
4697:
4523:
4508:
4257:
4194:
4162:
4075:
3985:
3920:
3816:
3564:
3545:
3440:
3406:
3051:
3020:
2997:
2868:
2776:
2668:
2540:
2376:
2319:
2299:
2241:
2228:
2213:
1892:(Illustrated ed.). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 186.
1473:(Revised, illustrated ed.). Rowman Altamira. p. 302.
1139:
928:
842:
366:
301:
4405:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and
5579:
5234:
5211:
5189:
4979:
4973:
4943:
4625:
4527:
4350:
4323:
4299:
4209:
4080:
3992:
3764:
3713:
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3582:
3300:
3283:
3012:
2955:
2927:
2850:
2836:
2821:
2797:
2771:
2738:
2716:
2688:
2612:
2582:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2406:
2364:
2159:
2110:
1925:
1862:
At the interface of prosody and structural analysis, Volume 2
1802:
Adele Berlin; Michael A. Fishbane; Marc Zvi Brettler (2003).
1214:
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1121:
1073:
1041:
888:
876:
846:
781:
734:
730:
692:
633:
605:
592:
588:
578:
559:
534:
313:
167:
83:
1703:
The Hajj: the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and the holy places
5379:
5303:
4934:
4717:
4390:
4179:
4069:
4053:
3598:
3310:
3016:
2975:
2846:
2801:
2658:
2507:
2411:
1112:, states that Bakkah must have been located somewhere near
785:
753:
639:
The form Bakkah is used for the name Mecca in the Quran in
587:
According to Muslim scholars Bakkah is an ancient name for
569:
1726:
595:. (The word Mecca is only used once in the Quran in verse
5569:
4963:
4745:
2149:
1764:
1374:
Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, Volume 4
1466:
1087:
845:
clan which regularly performed musical compositions for
1733:(Reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. 536.
723:. In Arab tradition, Hagar runs back and forth between
16:
Place mentioned in the Quran and possibly in the Tanakh
4240:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
45:
1758:
1600:
Sher Ali Maulawi; Mirza Tahir; Ahmad Hadhrat (2004).
655:, the language in use in the southern portion of the
4938:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
1196:
939:
to Jerusalem for Sukkot, which is credited to David.
871:, about 4–7 kilometers southwest of the present-day
1538:
1176:, suggests that the original location of Bakkah is
2108:
1572:
1504:
1404:
1324:
1298:translations, although the specific tree to which
816:), or the Valley of Bakha, also transliterated as
1918:How amiable are thy tabernacles, O LORD of hosts!
1545:(Illustrated ed.). I.B.Tauris. p. 174.
1502:
1028:, which is penultimately stressed. Although both
5726:
4548:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
3136:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
1855:
1771:. Zondervan Publishing House. pp. 805–806.
1768:The Quest Study Bible, New International Version
1189:by some early mosques may well be coincidental.
1167:a stone as it has been identified in the Islamic
837:The composition of the psalm is credited to the
1366:
1364:
1362:
1331:(Illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 342.
904:, there are other interpretations of the psalm.
715:) to the wilderness, a story comparable to the
1885:
1579:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 22–25.
1370:
2094:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1532:
1434:
1149:as a possible location, currently located in
1101:revisionist scholars of early Islamic history
1068:of the Quran that directly associates with a
510:
2208:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
1808:. Jewish Publication Society. p. 1377.
1699:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1430:
1428:
1377:(Illustrated ed.). Brill. p. 513.
1359:
1320:
1318:
1720:
1593:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1024:) is pronounced in terminal stress, unlike
859:) is associated with a battle accounted in
4566:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
3880:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
3682:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
3060:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
2101:
2087:
1559:
517:
503:
48:. Please do not remove this message until
2427:
1693:
1658:
1652:
1455:
1425:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1315:
1180:, a historical city which was located in
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1620:
1487:
1467:Cyril Glassé & Huston Smith (2003).
528:
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2032:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1835:. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 504.
1603:The Holy Quran with English Translation
1040:origin, they are composed of different
995:) is also used for the loosely-related
688:, meaning "mother of all settlements".
5727:
3390:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)
3276:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
3080:
1981:
1865:. Uitgeverij Van Gorcum. p. 235.
1391:
1328:Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology
791:
691:In Islamic tradition, Bakkah is where
5158:
4746:Events, incidents, occasions or times
4744:
4133:
3469:
3125:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
3079:
2853:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
2634:
2134:
2121:
2082:
1120:being absent in Byzantine records of
1088:Revisionist and source critical views
1049:
1019:
811:
552:
5077:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
3556:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
1606:. Islam International. p. 753.
615:
18:
1727:James George Roche Forlong (1897).
1003:which received its name during the
801:
549:
13:
1915:of the King James Version reads:
1765:The Zondervan Corporation (1994).
780:The name Bakkah is woven into the
645:, while the form Mecca is used in
628:, like that of Mecca, is obscure.
14:
5751:
5102:('Before the rising of the Sun')
2067:
1832:The New Bible Commentary: Revised
5269:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
3705:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
2006:
1199:
23:
4911:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
4316:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
3672:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
2346:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')
2017:from the original on 2020-12-08
2000:
1975:
1906:
1879:
1849:
1822:
1795:
1785:
1747:
1682:
1671:
1641:
1269:
1252:
1227:
707:) settled after being taken by
4215:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)
4108:at the time of Abraham and Lot
3572:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
3239:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
2731:(Joachim the father of Maryam)
2135:
2122:
2074:Mecca & Baca Islamic site
1986:. Independent Scholars Press.
1345:
935:, which is also traditionally
1:
4134:
1470:The new encyclopedia of Islam
1309:
1237:), can also be translated as
1116:'s southern frontier, citing
5007:(The Afternoon or the Night)
4905:12 months: Four holy months
4457:('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
4050:(s) or People of the Injil)
3388:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel
2917:names and titles of Muhammad
2635:
2162:found in the Quran, such as
1539:Alice C. Hunsberger (2000).
1408:Capital cities of Arab Islam
1220:
828:, in the following passage:
7:
4776:(Flood of the Great Dam of
3097:Adam's immediate relatives
1659:Firestone, Reuven (1992). "
1573:Daniel C. Peterson (2007).
1438:The Qur'an: an encyclopedia
1405:Philip Khûri Hitti (1973).
1325:Barbara Ann Kipfer (2000).
1192:
557:), is a place mentioned in
50:conditions to do so are met
10:
5756:
4983:('Remembrance', including
4629:(literally 'The Barrier')
3657:('Companions of the Wood')
3546:Companions of the Elephant
3495:People of the Burnt Garden
3470:
2859:('Companion of the Whale')
2455:('The Trustworthy Spirit')
2036:In the Shadow of the Sword
1503:William E. Phipps (1999).
1233:The Hebrew word (מִדבָּר,
1109:In the Shadow of the Sword
1106:Holland, in his 2012 book
967:), which is translated to
937:a psalm about a pilgrimage
855:The same Hebrew word בכא (
5712:
5671:
5599:
5522:
5483:
5432:
5398:
5362:
5335:
5257:
5250:('Mother of the Book(s)')
5165:
5159:
5154:
5120:
4954:
4925:
4894:
4876:(The Sabbath or Saturday)
4854:
4802:
4798:
4751:
4740:
4601:
4490:
4437:
4377:
4222:
4170:, literally 'The Garden')
4140:
4129:
4059:Qissis (Christian priest)
3975:
3911:
3838:
3762:
3593:
3480:
3476:
3465:
3397:
3333:
3264:
3203:
3090:
3086:
3075:
3034:
2985:
2888:
2647:
2643:
2630:
2593:
2550:
2505:
2357:
2288:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2141:
2130:
2117:
2109:People and things in the
796:The Valley of the Bakha (
756:run between the hills of
4106:Mesopotamian polytheists
4054:Ruhban (Christian monks)
3928:(People of the Verandah)
3805:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
3608:(literally 'The Romans')
3528:Companions of Noah's Ark
3445:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
3374:(Korah, cousin of Moses)
3294:Magicians of the Pharaoh
3196:(Muhammad's adopted son)
2488:(Angel of Death, Azrael)
2272:(fish or whale) of Jonah
1576:Muhammad, prophet of God
867:which took place on the
591:, the most holy city of
5589:Forbidden fruit of Adam
5059:('Decline of the Sun')
4947:(The Lesser Pilgrimage)
4677:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
4102:at the time of Muhammad
4076:Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
3533:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm
3429:the companion of Joshua
2263:(female ant) of Solomon
1886:Heribert Busse (1998).
5201:(Scroll(s) of Abraham)
5193:(The Book of Muhammad)
4703:Cave of Seven Sleepers
4526:, literally 'Place of
4414:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah
3790:Companions of the Rass
3691:Companions of Muhammad
3537:Companions of the Cave
2472:Angel of the Trumpet (
1936:
1638:
1435:Oliver Leaman (2006).
835:
538:
5442:(literally 'lamps'):
5355:statue) of Israelites
5288:(Casket of Shekhinah)
4790:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
4637:(Black Stone) &
4417:('The Blessed Place')
3885:Daughters of Muhammad
3875:Household of Muhammad
3851:Household of Abraham
3699:(literally 'Helpers')
3154:Disciples (including
2814:the son of Zechariah)
2403:(Honourable Scribes)
2391:Bearers of the Throne
2033:Holland, Tom (2012),
1916:
1700:F. E. Peters (1995).
1633:
1278:, the plural form of
975:) would translate to
873:Old City of Jerusalem
865:1 Chronicles 14:13–16
830:
813:[ʔemekhabaχa]
809:Hebrew pronunciation:
532:
148:Birmingham manuscript
133:Samarkand Kufic Quran
5222:(Scroll(s) of Moses)
5100:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams
4817:('the Confederates')
4805:military expeditions
4580:The Prophet's Mosque
4538:('The Sacred Grove')
4334:(Station of Abraham)
4149:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah
3825:('Companions of the
3624:(Sodom and Gomorrah)
3616:(Children of Israel)
3311:Moses' sister-in-law
3290:, who adopted Moses)
3233:, Qatafir or Qittin)
3212:Brothers (including
2958:He who spoke to God)
2281:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ
2253:sleepers of the cave
2221:) of the Abyssinians
1982:Gibson, Dan (2017).
4841:Expedition of Tabuk
4785:Farewell Pilgrimage
4535:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
4454:Munzalanm-Mubārakan
4273:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
4248:Iram of the Pillars
3551:People of al-Ukhdūd
3503:(Companions of the
2962:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh
2229:Domesticated donkey
2199:(cow) of Israelites
1282:, is translated as
875:. In the accounts,
792:Valley of the Bakha
37:of this article is
5296:Trumpet of Israfil
5042:('The Late-Night')
4909:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām
4655:(Cave of the Bull)
4640:Al-Hijr of Isma'il
4552:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām
4244:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād
4229:(excluding Madyan)
4152:('The Holy Land')
4100:Meccan polytheists
4038:People of the Book
3896:Household of Salih
3871:Household of Moses
3819:(people of Ṣāliḥ)
3520:Disciples of Jesus
3492:People of Paradise
3284:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim
3173:People of Solomon
3133:People of Abraham
3113:Believer of Ya-Sin
3081:People of Prophets
2779:(Jethro, Reuel or
2586:('Rebellious one')
2310:Beast of the Earth
1754:2 Chronicles 20:19
1288:King James Version
1165:stood", not being
1118:Mecca before Islam
1051:[habəxɔim]
889:Hagar the Egyptian
824:, is mentioned in
752:. When Muslims on
554:[ˈbɛk.kɛh]
539:
397:Biblical parallels
143:Topkapi manuscript
5722:
5721:
5708:
5707:
5681:(Water or fluid)
5667:
5666:
5654:Sidrat al-Muntahā
5498:(Garlic or wheat)
5428:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5092:('The Afternoon')
5083:('The Afternoon')
5013:('The Mornings')
4846:Conquest of Mecca
4831:Battle of Khaybar
4767:Event of Mubahala
4763:(Night of Decree)
4736:
4735:
4691:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn
4634:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad
4597:
4596:
4589:Salat (Synagogue)
4542:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā
4393:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan
4226:Arabian Peninsula
4201:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
4125:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4116:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3855:Brothers of Yūsuf
3726:Children of Ayyub
3719:Wife of Abu Lahab
3677:People of Fir'aun
3668:(People of Jonah)
3642:People of Shuaib
3628:People of Ibrahim
3561:People of Yathrib
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3436:Nebuchadnezzar II
3329:
3328:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3030:
3029:
2899:and Strong Will')
2626:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2501:
2500:
2441:(Gabriel, chief)
2353:
2352:
2046:978-1-4712-2040-1
2010:The Petra Fallacy
1899:978-1-55876-144-5
1872:978-90-232-3381-7
1815:978-0-19-529754-6
1740:978-0-7661-0157-9
1713:978-0-691-02619-0
1613:978-1-85372-779-5
1586:978-0-8028-0754-0
1552:978-1-85043-919-6
1522:978-0-8264-1207-2
1480:978-0-7591-0190-6
1448:978-0-415-32639-1
1418:978-0-8166-0663-4
1384:978-90-04-14476-7
1338:978-0-306-46158-3
999:, located in the
887:' account of how
869:Valley of Rephaim
657:Arabian Peninsula
616:Islamic tradition
527:
526:
411:Mentioned by name
78:
77:
70:
5747:
5735:History of Mecca
5608:Plants of Sheba
5520:
5519:
5363:Of Noah's people
5333:
5332:
5301:
5300:
5292:Throne of Bilqis
5285:Tābūt as-Sakīnah
5226:Tablets of Stone
5156:
5155:
5139:First Pilgrimage
4955:Times for prayer
4898:Islamic calendar
4826:Battle of Hunayn
4800:
4799:
4742:
4741:
4681:Bayt al-Muqaddas
4220:
4219:
4131:
4130:
3890:Muhammad's wives
3865:Progeny of Imran
3747:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj
3649:People of Madyan
3591:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3478:
3477:
3467:
3466:
3201:
3200:
3167:Zechariah's wife
3151:People of Jesus
3140:Ishmael's mother
3088:
3087:
3077:
3076:
2886:
2885:
2827:Isrāʾīl (Israel)
2812:John the Baptist
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2425:
2424:
2419:Munkar and Nakir
2184:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1857:Jan P. Fokkelman
1853:
1847:
1846:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1689:Genesis 21:15–19
1686:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1650:
1648:Genesis 21:14–21
1645:
1639:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1510:
1500:
1485:
1484:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1402:
1389:
1388:
1368:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1322:
1303:
1273:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1231:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1114:Byzantine Empire
1053:
1023:
925:2 Samuel 5:22–24
861:2 Samuel 5:23–24
815:
810:
803:
683:
677:
650:
644:
600:
556:
551:
519:
512:
505:
463:Quran and Sunnah
138:Sanaa manuscript
107:First revelation
80:
79:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
27:
26:
19:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5704:
5663:
5601:
5595:
5518:
5479:
5434:
5420:
5394:
5358:
5331:
5305:
5304:Mentioned idols
5299:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5198:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm
5161:
5142:
5133:Laylat al-Mabit
5116:
5068:('The Evening')
5057:Dulūk ash-Shams
5025:('The Morning')
5019:('The Morning')
4956:
4950:
4921:
4896:
4890:
4879:Days of battles
4850:
4804:
4794:
4755:Incident of Ifk
4747:
4732:
4723:Palestine River
4593:
4562:Masjid al-Dirar
4492:
4486:
4433:
4381:
4373:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4155:'Blessed' Land'
4136:
4113:
3977:
3971:
3952:Umayyad Dynasty
3913:
3899:
3860:Lot's daughters
3844:
3843:('People of the
3842:
3834:
3786:(people of Hud)
3772:
3758:
3750:(Gog and Magog)
3633:People of Ilyas
3586:
3584:
3578:
3511:Jesus' apostles
3488:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
3472:
3453:
3399:
3393:
3357:of Moses' time)
3325:
3301:Wise, pious man
3288:Wife of Pharaoh
3280:Imraʾat Firʿawn
3267:Aaron and Moses
3266:
3260:
3216:(Benjamin) and
3205:
3199:
3117:Family of Noah
3082:
3063:
3026:
2981:
2952:Mūsā Kalīmullāh
2898:
2896:
2894:
2884:
2810:ibn Zakariyyā (
2639:
2618:
2589:
2546:
2497:
2459:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus
2449:('The Spirit')
2423:
2401:Kirāman Kātibīn
2396:Harut and Marut
2373:Angels of Hell
2349:
2284:
2171:
2137:
2126:
2113:
2107:
2070:
2059:
2057:
2047:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2007:King, David A.
2005:
2001:
1994:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1683:
1678:Genesis 21:8–21
1676:
1672:
1665:Studia Islamica
1657:
1653:
1646:
1642:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1571:
1560:
1553:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1501:
1488:
1481:
1465:
1456:
1449:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1403:
1392:
1385:
1369:
1360:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1274:
1270:
1257:
1253:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1090:
1077:
1065:hapax legomenon
1016:Biblical Hebrew
997:Valley of Tears
940:
908:tribe of Israel
905:
895:
892:
885:Book of Genesis
854:
808:
794:
758:Safa and Marwah
743:Desert of Paran
728:
717:Book of Genesis
679:
673:
659:at the time of
646:
640:
618:
596:
523:
478:
477:
453:
452:
443:
442:
428:
427:
426:Characteristics
418:
417:
407:
405:Related persons
370:
369:
358:
357:
336:
335:
324:
323:
285:
284:
273:
272:
219:
218:
209:
208:
163:
162:
153:
152:
97:
96:
74:
63:
57:
54:
43:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5753:
5743:
5742:
5740:Quranic places
5737:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5693:(River or sea)
5688:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5641:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5605:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5583:
5573:
5563:
5553:
5543:
5537:
5526:
5524:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5449:
5438:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5330:
5329:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5289:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5243:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5202:
5194:
5185:
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5136:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5084:
5069:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5033:('The Night')
5028:
5027:
5026:
5020:
5008:
4989:('Praising'),
4960:
4958:
4957:or remembrance
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4836:Battle of Uhud
4833:
4828:
4823:
4821:Battle of Badr
4818:
4808:
4806:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4769:
4764:
4760:Laylat al-Qadr
4756:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4678:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4652:Ghār ath-Thawr
4648:
4643:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4564:
4559:
4549:
4539:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4496:
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4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4475:('Township of
4470:
4460:
4459:
4458:
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4442:
4435:
4434:
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4403:Al-Wādil-Ayman
4397:Valley of Tuwa
4385:
4383:
4375:
4374:
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4371:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4342:
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4338:Safa and Marwa
4335:
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4288:
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4266:
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4251:
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4186:Door of Hittah
4183:
4171:
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4000:
3999:
3989:
3986:Ahl al-Dhimmah
3981:
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3954:
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3947:Iranian people
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3728:
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3707:
3706:
3700:
3687:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad
3679:
3674:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3655:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah
3652:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3577:
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3575:Nation of Noah
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3427:Caleb or Kaleb
3424:
3419:
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3409:
3403:
3401:
3395:
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3234:
3221:
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3182:Queen of Sheba
3179:
3171:
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3164:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3145:Isaac's mother
3142:
3137:
3131:
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3126:
3123:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3094:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3072:
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3065:
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3058:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn
3055:
3045:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3010:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2986:Debatable ones
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2968:Friend of God)
2959:
2949:
2948:
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2941:
2921:
2920:
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2913:
2902:
2900:
2895:('Those of the
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2453:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn
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2127:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2068:External links
2066:
2065:
2064:
2045:
2028:
2027:
1999:
1993:978-1927581223
1992:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
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1784:
1777:
1757:
1746:
1739:
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1681:
1670:
1651:
1640:
1627:Surah Al Imran
1619:
1612:
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1531:
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1479:
1454:
1447:
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1390:
1383:
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1304:
1296:Middle English
1284:mulberry trees
1268:
1251:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1194:
1191:
1182:Arabia Petraea
1097:Patricia Crone
1089:
1086:
1082:Biblical Greek
1021:[bɔxɔ]
1005:Yom Kippur War
989:Masoretic Text
802:עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא
793:
790:
750:Well of Zamzam
725:Safa and Marwa
617:
614:
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112:Asbab al-Nuzul
109:
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90:
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31:
29:
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15:
9:
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5600:Bushes, trees
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5371:
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5361:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:Of Israelites
5334:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:(cult images)
5302:
5295:
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5286:
5282:
5280:
5279:Staff of Musa
5277:
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4907:
4906:
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4903:
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4899:
4895:Months of the
4893:
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4773:Sayl al-ʿArim
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4694:(Mesopotamia)
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4556:Sacred Mosque
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4404:
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4398:
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4386:
4384:
4382:or Tīh Desert
4380:
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4358:
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4331:Maqām Ibrāhīm
4328:
4325:
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4132:
4128:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
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4089:
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4081:Rabbani/Rabbi
4079:
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4067:
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4019:
4015:
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4008:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3996:
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3994:
3990:
3988:
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3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3828:
3824:
3823:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr
3821:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
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3727:
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3711:
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3701:
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3670:
3667:
3666:
3661:
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3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3638:People of Nuh
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
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3600:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3581:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3562:
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3557:
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3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3501:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt
3499:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3468:
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3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Bal'am/Balaam
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:not specified
3396:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
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3309:
3307:
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3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
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3263:
3257:
3254:
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3222:
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3211:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Mary's mother
3160:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3121:Father Lamech
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3074:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2946:(Son of Mary)
2945:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:son of Jacob)
2870:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2793:son of David)
2792:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2574:(the (chief)
2573:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:Dābbat al-Arḍ
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2251:(dog) of the
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1914:
1913:Psalms 84:1–7
1909:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1788:
1780:
1778:0-310-92412-X
1774:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1352:Surah Al-Fath
1348:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:Maqam Ibrahim
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:Golan Heights
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
950:
946:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
920:
918:
914:
909:
903:
899:
893:
890:
886:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Sons of Korah
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
806:
799:
789:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
761:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
682:
676:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
643:
637:
635:
629:
627:
623:
613:
609:
607:
602:
599:
594:
590:
585:
583:
580:
576:
572:
571:
566:
562:
561:
555:
547:
543:
536:
533:The Kaaba in
531:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
501:
500:
498:
497:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
482:
481:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
447:
446:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
422:
421:
412:
409:
408:
406:
402:
401:
398:
395:
394:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
368:
362:
361:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
339:
338:
334:
328:
327:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
283:
277:
276:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
213:
212:
205:
204:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
157:
156:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
119:
118:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
95:
89:
88:
85:
82:
81:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
41:
40:
36:
30:
21:
20:
5714:
5698:
5690:
5684:
5678:
5643:
5633:
5621:
5611:
5585:In Paradise
5575:
5565:
5555:
5545:
5539:
5529:
5513:
5510:(Plant stem)
5507:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5484:Plant matter
5471:
5465:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5348:
5319:
5315:
5283:
5247:Umm al-Kitāb
5245:
5232:
5219:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā
5217:
5204:
5196:
5187:
5174:
5131:
5127:Ghadir Khumm
5111:('The Dawn')
5105:
5099:
5086:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5056:
5053:('The Noon')
5047:
5036:
5030:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5004:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4962:
4941:
4932:
4882:Days of Hajj
4870:
4867:(The Friday)
4861:
4813:
4771:
4758:
4726:Paradise of
4713:Jordan River
4708:Dār an-Nadwa
4707:
4689:
4651:
4646:Cave of Hira
4638:
4633:
4623:
4570:Masjid Qubāʾ
4569:
4551:
4541:
4533:
4519:
4507:
4499:
4473:Qaryat Yūnus
4472:
4462:
4452:
4412:
4402:
4388:
4379:Sinai Region
4361:Dam of Sheba
4356:
4344:
4329:
4319:
4310:
4305:
4295:
4277:
4255:
4243:
4235:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4065:
4043:
4034:Ahl al-Kitāb
4033:
4011:
4007:Zoroastrians
4003:
3998:disbelievers
3991:
3984:
3942:Banu Qurayza
3937:Banu Qaynuqa
3926:Ahl as-Suffa
3925:
3839:
3822:
3794:
3763:
3746:
3731:Sons of Adam
3686:
3662:
3654:
3645:
3619:
3613:Banī Isrāʾīl
3611:
3604:
3569:
3532:
3515:
3500:
3487:
3432:Luqman's son
3279:
3243:
3236:
3226:
3130:Luqman's son
3101:Martyred son
2993:Dhūl-Qarnain
2943:
2933:
2897:Perseverance
2889:
2867:ibn Ya‘qūb (
2857:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt
2856:
2845:('He of the
2842:
2755:Dhabih Ullah
2611:
2606:
2600:
2581:
2569:
2551:
2539:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2506:
2485:Malakul-Mawt
2483:
2458:
2452:
2444:
2429:
2400:
2381:
2358:
2337:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2248:
2244:) of Solomon
2235:
2224:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2163:
2058:, retrieved
2035:
2019:. Retrieved
2009:
2002:
1983:
1977:
1970:Holland 2012
1965:
1958:Holland 2012
1953:
1946:Holland 2012
1941:
1917:
1908:
1888:
1881:
1861:
1851:
1831:
1824:
1804:
1797:
1787:
1767:
1760:
1749:
1729:
1722:
1702:
1695:
1684:
1673:
1667:(76): 15–18.
1664:
1654:
1643:
1634:
1622:
1602:
1595:
1575:
1541:
1534:
1527:mecca becca.
1526:
1506:
1469:
1437:
1407:
1373:
1347:
1327:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1207:Islam portal
1171:
1158:
1144:
1125:
1108:
1105:
1091:
1079:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1011:
1009:
993:Emek haBakha
992:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
954:
945:Psalms 42–43
942:
921:
902:Christianity
894:
881:
856:
851:First Temple
836:
831:
821:
817:
805:Emeq haBakha
804:
795:
779:
765:
762:
747:
690:
685:
668:
664:
653:South Arabic
638:
630:
619:
610:
603:
586:
568:
558:
541:
540:
491:Islam portal
380:Hermeneutics
333:Translations
201:
64:
58:October 2012
55:
33:
5560:Pomegranate
5460:(The Earth)
5353:golden calf
4926:Pilgrimages
4659:Hudaybiyyah
4574:Quba Mosque
4528:Prostration
4479:,' that is
4440:Mesopotamia
4429:Mount Tabor
4425:Mount Sinai
4407:Mount Sinai
4357:ʿArim Sabaʾ
4095:Polytheists
3845:Household')
3840:Ahl al-Bayt
3797:(People of
3795:Qawm Tubbaʿ
3741:Wife of Lut
3736:Wife of Nuh
3587:or families
3585:ethnicities
3306:Moses' wife
2789:ibn Dāwūd (
2571:ash-Shayṭān
2463:Holy Spirit
2289:Non-related
1093:Tom Holland
849:and in the
686:Umm al-Qura
385:Esotericism
263:Eschatology
127:Manuscripts
121:Historicity
5729:Categories
5454:(Planets)
5448:(The Moon)
5399:Of Quraysh
5274:Noah's Ark
5167:Holy books
5011:Al-Ghuduww
5005:Al-ʿAshiyy
4969:Invocation
4961:Times for
4812:Battle of
4803:Battles or
4395:(The Holy
4261:(formerly
4208:(Mainland
4018:Hypocrites
3965:People of
3932:Banu Nadir
3912:Implicitly
3754:Son of Nuh
3712:People of
3646:Ahl Madyan
3621:Muʾtafikāt
3541:Al-Raqaim?
3516:Ḥawāriyyūn
3398:Implied or
3343:(possibly
3273:Egyptians
3265:People of
3223:Egyptians
3044:(Jeremiah)
2944:Ibn Maryam
2697:(Ezekiel?)
2536:(Asmodeus)
2430:Muqarrabun
2166:(Generous)
2136:Non-humans
2124:Characters
2060:2021-05-19
2055:1107698573
2021:2019-09-15
1842:0802822819
1310:References
1292:pear trees
1260:Septuagint
1239:wilderness
1174:Dan Gibson
1070:Bronze Age
1056:habekha'im
1018:: *𐤁𐤊𐤀
933:Psalms 122
684:) call it
624:word, its
573:96 of the
565:'Āl 'Imrān
537:or Makkah.
473:Shi’a view
390:Abrogation
203:Muqatta'at
35:neutrality
5648:Date palm
5638:Palm tree
5626:Lote-tree
5602:or plants
5546:Qith-thāʾ
5474:(The Sun)
5472:Ash-Shams
5433:Celestial
5326:False god
5262:or beings
5260:of people
5242:of David)
5184:of Jesus)
5017:Al-Bukrah
4780:in Sheba)
4558:of Mecca)
4515:Monastery
4493:locations
4491:Religious
4448:Al-Jūdiyy
4141:Mentioned
4135:Locations
4048:Christian
4028:Believers
4013:Munāfiqūn
3976:Religious
3914:mentioned
3827:Stoneland
3703:Muhajirun
3481:Mentioned
3383:Abū Lahab
3378:As-Sāmirī
3368:(Goliath)
3334:Evil ones
3248:Zulaykhah
3204:People of
3091:Good ones
2891:Ulul-ʿAzm
2879:Zechariah
2875:Zakariyyā
2695:Dhūl-Kifl
2648:Mentioned
2494:(Michael)
2383:Zabāniyah
2360:Malāʾikah
2332:Honey bee
1221:Footnotes
1155:Nestorian
1151:West Bank
1010:The word
983:, דמעות (
917:Philistia
826:Psalms 84
767:Ibn Ishaq
721:Beersheba
626:etymology
458:Criticism
438:Inerrancy
351:Ahmadiyya
161:Divisions
46:talk page
5636:(Tender
5616:Tamarisk
5550:Cucumber
5468:(Stars)
5446:Al-Qamar
5411:Al-ʿUzzā
5258:Objects
5072:Qabl al-
5023:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ
4886:Doomsday
4814:al-Aḥzāb
4504:(Church)
4237:Al-Aḥqāf
4175:Jahannam
4168:Paradise
3775:Bedouins
3570:Qawm Lūṭ
3412:Abu Bakr
3242:Wife of
3231:Potiphar
3214:Binyāmin
2934:Al-Masīḥ
2906:Muḥammad
2843:Dhūn-Nūn
2787:Sulaymān
2725:(Elijah)
2637:Prophets
2553:Shayāṭīn
2511:(Genies)
2339:Qaswarah
2320:Wild ass
2298:(Female
2296:ʿAnkabūt
2219:elephant
2015:Archived
1859:(2000).
1276:Bekha'im
1193:See also
1142:region.
1127:Mušrikūn
985:dema'oth
661:Muhammad
486:Category
468:Quranism
367:Exegesis
251:Parables
246:Miracles
224:Prophets
39:disputed
5701:(Drink)
5687:(River)
5672:Liquids
5504:(Shoot)
5492:(Onion)
5452:Kawākib
5440:Maṣābīḥ
5385:Yaghūth
5121:Implied
5081:Al-Aṣīl
5031:Al-Layl
4915:Ramaḍān
4864:Jumuʿah
4728:Shaddad
4620:Arabia
4614:Antakya
4609:Antioch
4602:Implied
4546:Al-Aqsa
4481:Nineveh
4467:Babylon
4312:Ḥaraman
4282:(Hegra)
4279:Al-Ḥijr
4269:ʿArafāt
4263:Yathrib
4258:Madīnah
4088:Sabians
4024:Muslims
3993:Kāfirūn
3961:Khazraj
3812:Quraysh
3583:Tribes,
3505:Sabbath
3449:Shaddad
3422:Barṣīṣā
3355:Pharaoh
3351:Firʿawn
3048:Ṣamūʾīl
3035:Implied
2966:Abraham
2938:Messiah
2791:Solomon
2777:Shuʿayb
2749:Ishmael
2745:Ismāʿīl
2709:(Eber?)
2703:(Aaron)
2665:Al-Yasa
2602:Ghilmān
2478:Raphael
2474:Isrāfīl
2237:hud-hud
2187:Related
2180:Animals
1661:Ibrāhīm
1630:3:96-97
1290:and as
1286:in the
1163:Abraham
1132:cattles
1130:having
1099:, both
1038:Semitic
1036:are of
900:and in
898:Judaism
863:and in
771:Quraysh
739:weaning
713:Ibrāhīm
709:Abraham
705:Ismā'īl
701:Ishmael
550:بَكَّةُ
451:Related
346:English
319:Qira'at
307:Tarteel
282:Reading
258:Science
241:Legends
234:Animals
217:Content
183:Medinan
94:History
5699:Sharāb
5659:Zaqqūm
5576:Zaytūn
5556:Rummān
5542:(Herb)
5534:Lentil
5523:Fruits
5516:(Seed)
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5435:bodies
5406:Al-Lāt
5321:Ṭāghūt
5312:'Ansāb
5240:Psalms
5207:Tawrāt
5190:Qurʾān
5182:Gospel
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5039:ʿIshāʾ
4998:Tasbīḥ
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4986:Taḥmīd
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4698:Canaan
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4509:Miḥrāb
4320:Kaʿbah
4314:Āminan
4306:Bakkah
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4291:Ḥunayn
4223:In the
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3605:Ar-Rūm
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2607:Wildān
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178:Meccan
5715:Note:
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4210:Egypt
4066:Yahūd
4004:Majūs
3799:Tubba
3770:Arabs
3765:Aʿrāb
3714:Mecca
3697:Anṣār
3665:Yūnus
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3372:Qārūn
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3244:ʿAzīz
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3227:ʿAzīz
3156:Peter
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2956:Moses
2936:(The
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2851:Whale
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2808:Yaḥyā
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2781:Hobab
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2735:Isḥāq
2723:Ilyās
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1355:48:24
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3959:and
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3007:Mary
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915:and
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