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free and razes the palace with an earthquake and fire. Dionysus and
Pentheus are once again at odds when a herdsman arrives from the top of Mount Cithaeron, where he had been herding his grazing cattle. He reports that he found women on the mountain behaving strangely: wandering the forest, suckling animals, twining snakes in their hair, and performing miraculous feats. The herdsmen and the shepherds made a plan to capture one particular celebrant, Pentheus' mother. But when they jumped out of hiding to grab her, the Bacchae became frenzied and pursued the men. The men escaped, but their cattle were not so fortunate, as the women fell upon the animals,
449:; and while pregnant, was tricked by a jealous Hera to request Zeus to come to her in his true form. Being only a mortal, she was struck down by Zeus' thunderbolts while in his presence and was killed. Zeus then saved Dionysus, who was in Semele's womb, by sewing him into a cavity in his thigh. When Semele died, her sisters said it was Zeus' will and accused her of lying; they also accused their father, Cadmus, of claiming Semele was pregnant by Zeus to cover up an affair with a mortal man. Most of Semele's family refused to believe Dionysus was the son of Zeus, and the young god was spurned by his household. He traveled throughout
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509:. She proudly displays it to her father, Cadmus, and is confused when he does not delight in her trophy, but is horrified by it. Agave then calls out for Pentheus to come marvel at her feat, and nail the head above her door so she can show it to all of Thebes. But now the madness begins to wane, and Cadmus forces her to recognize that she has destroyed her own son. As the play ends, the corpse of Pentheus is reassembled as well as is possible, and the royal family is devastated and destroyed. Agave and her sisters are sent into exile, and Dionysus decrees that Cadmus and his wife
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376:(who is Pentheus's cousin). The god Dionysus appears at the beginning of the play and proclaims that he has arrived in Thebes to avenge the slander, which has been repeated by his aunts, that he is not the son of Zeus. In response, he intends to introduce Dionysian rites into the city, and he intends to demonstrate to the king, Pentheus, and to Thebes that he was indeed born a god. At the end of the play, Pentheus is torn apart by the women of Thebes and his mother Agave bears his head on a
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and Ino—claim it is a lie intended to cover up the fact that Semele became pregnant by some mortal. Dionysus reveals that he has driven the women of the city mad, including his three aunts, and has led them into the mountains to observe his ritual festivities. He has disguised himself as a mortal for the time being, but he plans to vindicate his mother by appearing before all of Thebes as a god, the son of Zeus, and establishing his permanent cult of followers.
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1285:. In the 20th century, performances became quite fashionable—particularly in opera, due in part to the dramatic choruses found throughout the story. In 1948, R.P. Winnington-Ingram said of Euripides' handling of the play: "On its poetical and dramatic beauties, he writes with charm and insight; on more complex themes, he shows equal mastery." Recent criticism has been provided by
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Dionysus leads him out of the house. At this point, Pentheus seems already crazed by the god's power, as he thinks he sees two suns in the sky, and believes he now has the strength to rip up mountains with his bare hands. He has also begun to see through
Dionysus' mortal disguise, perceiving horns coming out of the god's head. They exit to Cithaeron.
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the mountains when Cadmus’ petulant young grandson
Pentheus, the current king, enters. Disgusted to find the two old men in festival dress, he scolds them and orders his soldiers to arrest anyone engaging in Dionysian worship, including the mysterious "foreigner" who has introduced this worship. Pentheus intends to have him stoned to death.
486:. The women carried on, plundering two villages that were further down the mountain, stealing bronze, iron and even babies. When villagers attempted to fight back, the women drove them off using only their ceremonial staffs of fennel. They then returned to the mountain top and washed up, as snakes licked them clean.
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The guards soon return with
Dionysus himself in tow. Pentheus questions him, both skeptical of and fascinated by the Dionysian rites. Dionysus's answers are cryptic. Infuriated, Pentheus has Dionysus taken away and chained to an angry bull in the palace stable, but the god shows his power. He breaks
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has been the subject of widely varying interpretations regarding what the play as a whole means, or even indeed whether there is a “moral” to the story. Hans Oranje calls such questions the riddle of the
Bacchae, and says that the play concerns itself with “wisdom, cleverness, and soundness of mind.”
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Dionysus exits to the mountains, and the chorus (composed of the titular
Bacchae) enters. They perform a choral ode in praise of Dionysus. Then Tiresias, the blind and elderly seer, appears. He calls for Cadmus, the founder and former king of Thebes. The two old men start out to join the revelry in
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The play begins before the palace at Thebes, with
Dionysus telling the story of his birth and his reasons for visiting the city. Dionysus explains he is the son of a mortal woman, Semele, and a god, Zeus. Some in Thebes, he notes, do not believe this story. In fact, Semele's sisters—Autonoe, Agave,
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At one time the interpretation that prevailed was that the play was an expression of
Euripides’ religious devotion, as though after a life of being critical of the Greek gods and their followers, the author finally repented of his cynicism, and wrote a play that honors Dionysus and that carries a
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A messenger arrives to report that once the party reached Mount
Cithaeron, Pentheus wanted to climb an evergreen tree to get a better view and the stranger used divine power to bend down the tall tree and place the king in its highest branches. Then Dionysus, revealing himself, called out to his
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Dionysus, still in disguise, persuades
Pentheus to forgo his plan to defeat and massacre the women with an armed force. He says it would be better first to spy on them, while disguised as a female Maenad to avoid detection. Dressing Pentheus in this fashion, giving him a thyrsus and fawn skins,
1262:, writing of the importance of Dionysus as the central character and his effect on the play's structure, observes: "The poet uses the ritual crisis to explore simultaneously god, man, society, and his own tragic art. In this protodrama Dionysus, the god of the theatre, stage-directs the play."
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To an actor, religious worship is a direct experience. The actor would have experienced a "stepping out" of himself to become a representation of Dionysus. As a spectator, the experience comes from what is acted onstage, arousing emotions that sympathize with Dionysus. Collectively, through
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The extraordinary beauty and passion of the poetic choral descriptions indicate that the author certainly knew what attracted those who followed Dionysus. The vivid gruesomeness of the punishment of Pentheus suggests that he could also understand those who were troubled by religion.
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places the narrative in Monmouth, New Jersey, where Dionysus becomes Diane, a butch landscaper who schemes to install permaculture gardens in suburban backyards, and convince four women to start a "mystery cult" in order to regain her powers and fight climate
457:. At the start of the play, Dionysus returns to Thebes, disguised as a stranger, to take revenge on the house of Cadmus. He has also driven the women of Thebes, including his aunts, into an ecstatic frenzy, sending them dancing and hunting on
871:(The Hunt) won the Biglietto d' Oro del Teatro prize in 2008. The free adaptation combines live theater with animations by Nicola Console and Desideria Rayner's video projections. A revised 2009 version went on tour with original music by
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three times: as an opera (1991) for the Royal Swedish Opera, as a film (1993) for Sveriges Television, and on stage (1996) for the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm. These three versions received great acclaim amidst some mixed
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followers and pointed out the man in the tree. This drove the Maenads wild. Led by Agave, his mother, they forced the trapped Pentheus down from the tree top, ripped off his limbs and his head, and tore his body into pieces.
738:: for Best Direction, Best Musical Score and Best Production Design. Because it featured levels of violence and nudity rare for even experimental theater, it was widely discussed in print, and even videotaped for the
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In the play's climactic plot construction, Dionysus the protagonist instigates the unfolding action by simultaneously emulating the play's author, costume designer, choreographer and artistic director.
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manner. A small, permanent set of Erpingham's office is set on a high level. The rest of the stage is an unlocalised area. Changes of scene are suggested by lighting and banners after the manner of the
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1315:'s favorite tragedies. Beyond antiquity, dramatists and filmmakers of all ages have been greatly impacted by it. The tragedy's influence can be seen in the writings of
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Dionysiac acting, there is a reintegration of the "other" into the "self", that is to say that Dionysus has been accepted and will be worshipped by the Greek people.
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After the messenger has relayed this news, Agave arrives, carrying her son's bloodied head. In her god-maddened state, she believes it is the head of a mountain
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is distinctive in that the chorus is integrated into the plot and the god is not a distant presence but a character in the play, indeed, the protagonist.
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PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2010; especially Chapter 4: "The Embodiment of Ritual and Myth as Text and as Performance."
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Euripides. Slavitt, David R., editor. Bovie, Palmer, editor. Epstein, Daniel Mark, translator. Euripides, 1. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1998.
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Lada-Richards, Ismene. Initiating Dionysus: Ritual and Theatre in Aristophanes' Frogs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. 159–164. Print.
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In 2004, KneeHigh Theatre company toured a reinvented version of The Bacchae as "A contemporary postmodern folk tale", directed by Emma Rice.
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In 2023, Sleepwalk immersive debuted immersive production 'Bacchanalia' based upon the play in the crypt of St Peters Church, Bethnal Green.
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Thumiger, C. 2006. "Animal World, Animal Representation, and the "Hunting-Model": Between Literal and Figurative in Euripides' "Bacchae"."
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re-enacts how Dionysus had come to be a god. In ancient Greek theatre, "role-playing is a well-known feature of ritual liminality."
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is considered to be not only one of Euripides's greatest tragedies, but also one of the greatest ever written, modern or ancient.
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At the play's start, Dionysus' exposition highlights the play's central conflict: the invasion of Greece by an Asian religion.
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Morwood, James, ed. and trans. 2000. Euripides: Bacchae and Other Plays. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
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1979:
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1335:. The Renaissance Venetian painter Titian may have illustrated the arrest of Bacchus in his painting "Il Bravo" in Vienna's
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for their annual Greek play, which is the only production of Greek drama in the UK staged annually in the original language.
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Then, at the end of the 19th century the opposite idea began to take hold: it was thought that Euripides was doing with
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1015:(The Bacchae) which was produced at the English National Opera in London in 1992. The Libretto was in ancient Greek.
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Until the late 19th century, the play's themes were considered too gruesome to be studied and appreciated. It was
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Reading Dionysus: Euripides’ 'Bacchae' and the Cultural Contestations of Greeks, Jews, Romans, and Christians
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Reading Dionysus: Euripides' Bacchae and the Cultural Contestations of Greeks, Jews, Romans, and Christians
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Roncace, Mark. 1997. "The Bacchae and Lord of the Flies: A Few Observations with the Help of E.R. Dodds."
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Damen, Mark L. and Rebecca A. Richards. 2012. "'Sing the Dionysus': Euripides' Bacchae as Dramatic Hymn."
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Bruce D. Sutherland, 'Nine reasons why Titian's "Il Bravo" should be re-titled "The Arrest of Bacchus"',
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is about six students of classical languages who go in search of the rapture described by Euripides in
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and campaigned to have a real cadaver's head used for Pentheus', but the actress playing Agave refused.
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1281:" in 1872 that re-posed the question of Dionysus's relation with the theatre and awakened interest in
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1372:: Dionysus and Pentheus return as characters, and the book addresses many of the same themes such as
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in London in 1973, incorporating a second chorus of slaves to mirror the civil unrest in his native
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Friedrich, R. 1996. "Everything to do with Dionysos? Ritualism, the Dionysiac, and the Tragic." In
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The Dionysus in Euripides' tale is a young god, angry that his mortal family, the royal house of
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Euripides. Slavitt, David R., editor. Bovie, Palmer, editor. Epstein, Daniel Mark, translator.
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has been compared to Dionysus' interrogation by King Pentheus regarding his claim to divinity.
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Production Photos and information from Brad Mays' 1997 Los Angeles production of Euripides'
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1841:. Euripides. Bagg, Robert, translator. The Bakkhai. Applause Theatre Book Publishers. 1990.
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In 2008, James Thomas directed Peter Arnott's faithful and audience-friendly translation of
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1088:'s "Hymn to Dionysus" (Op. 31, No. 2) is a setting for female voices and orchestra of the
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as part of MacMillan Films series on Greek drama. The production featured Mia Perovetz as
578:. An author's note states: "No attempt must be made to reproduce the various locales in a
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with Morgan Marcum as the chorus leader and the dance choreography of Angessa Hughmanick.
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3246:, 26 July 2022, www.ucl.ac.uk/art-history/news/2022/jul/meditations-modern-bacchanalia.
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will be turned into snakes and lead a barbarian horde to plunder the cities of Hellas.
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what he had always done, pointing out the inadequacy of the Greek gods and religions.
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Classical Tragedy, Greek and Roman; Eight Plays in Authoritative Modern Translations
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Bloomsbury Studies in Classical Reception. London; New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
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Classical Tragedy Greek and Roman; Eight Plays in Authoritative Modern Translations
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Pure Artistry: Ingmar Bergman, the Face as Portal and the Performance of the Soul,
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760: – as Cadmus. Both the stage and film versions were produced by Mays' wife,
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Hidden Paths: Self and Characterization In Greek Tragedy: Euripides' Bacchae.
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Dayton, P. (2023, August 1). "Pain and Prejudice". DNA Magazine, 283, 76–78.
1936:. Trans. Moses Hadas and John Mclean. New York: Bantam Books, 1981, p. 299
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In Summer 2009, the Public Theater (of New York City) produced a version of
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Euripides: Iphigenia among the Taurians, Bacchae, Iphigeniaat Aulis, Rhesus
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2934:, trans. by Frederic Raphael and Kenneth McLeish (London: NickHern, 1998).
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Pentheus being torn apart by Agave and Ino, Attic red-figure vase painting
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3030:, trans. by David Kovacs (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003)
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Ramona Reeves and Lynn Odell in director Brad Mays' stage production of
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980:. It was first performed in 1960, and a recording was released in 1987.
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2763:"Euripides. 1909–14. The Bacchæ. Vol. 8, Part 8. The Harvard Classics"
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2963:, trans. by Stephen J. Esposito (Newburyport: FocusPublishing, 1998).
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2679:, 6 (1994), 35-52; an image of this painting can be seen on WikiArt.
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in New York. The production was eventually made into an independent
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and other foreign lands, gathering a cult of female worshipers, the
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composed a solo opera for performer, electronics and lights called
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Looking at Bacchae: Essays and a translation of Euripides' tragedy
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Roman fresco from Pompeii depicting Pentheus being torn by maenads
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Seaford, R. 1981. "Dionysiac Drama and the Dionysiac Mysteries."
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The Gentle, Jealous God: Reading Euripides’ 'Bacchae' in English.
3176:(4) – via Freely Accessible Arts & Humanities Journals.
2295:"The Greek Play | Department of Classics | King's College London"
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441:, has denied him a place of honor as a deity. His mortal mother,
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Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New York: Routledge.
2461:"Religion." Oxford University Press, 2011. Web. 25 October 2011.
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in its original ancient Greek in combination with Aristophanes'
52:"The Bacchantes" redirects here. For the 1961 fantasy film, see
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in Milan on February 22, 1948. It was revived in Milan in 1972.
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111:
2864:, trans. by Robert Bagg (Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1978).
2271:"The Department of Classics announces the new Greek Play 2020"
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Greek theater was a form of religious expression and worship.
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Mia Perovetz plays Dionysos in the MacMillan Films staging of
828:, with ten soul-singing followers in place of the traditional
689:, a theatrical adaptation set in modern times, was written by
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The Bacchae (in Greek and English) at Perseus Digital Library
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respectively as Pentheus and Agave, Finnish actress-dancer
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2619:"Dionysian Themes and Imagery in Oliver Stone's Alexander"
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2437:"Dr Who star Arthur Darvill has laptop stolen by burglars"
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directed his own adaptation of the play at The Complex in
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2247:"Hurricane Diane Blows People Away At Two River Theater"
1859:
Euripides and Dionysus, an Interpretation of the Bacchae
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Knoeppel, Joseph. “Meditations on Modern Bacchanalia.”
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Transactions of the American Philological Association
2588:"The Bacchae in "Death in Venice" Book Review 128595"
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which featured Will Shepherd – the Pentheus of
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In his biography of the Roman statesman and general
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2192:"A Greek God and His Groupies Are Dressed to Kill"
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566:(television broadcast 27 June 1966; opened at the
3869:(second rule) (regent for Eteocles and Polynices)
3232:Edited by M. S. Silk, 257–283. Oxford: Clarendon.
3230:Tragedy and the Tragic: Greek Theatre and Beyond.
1107:, a rock musical adaption of the show written by
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1613:, 2006: verse (La Salle Academy: Providence, RI)
1100:. It was composed in 1913 and premiered in 1914.
859:as part of their Greek Drama educational series.
533:in 53 BC, Crassus' head was sent to the king of
2821:, in David Grene and Richmond Lattimore (eds),
956:, with libretto by playwright and screenwriter
364:The tragedy is based on the Greek myth of King
2997:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
1161:directed his own adaptation of the tragedy as
1103:In Fall 2007, Prospect Theater Company put on
529:claims that after his defeat and death at the
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3221:Foley, H. P. 1980. "The Masque of Dionysus."
2825:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959).
1815:Euripides' Bacchae: the play and its audience
41:"The Bacchae (play)" redirects here. For the
484:ripping them to shreds with their bare hands
3391:has original text related to this article:
2947:, in David Slavitt and Palmer Bovie (eds),
2407:"A Musical Remix Of Euripides' The Bacchae"
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3305:Teevan, C. 2001. "Bacchai". Oberon books.
2951:(Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1998).
2836:The Bacchae of Euripides: A Communion Rite
1945:Euripides. Vellacott, Philip, translator.
1911:Euripides. Vellacott, Philip, translator.
1890:Euripides. Vellacott, Philip, translator.
1780:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1998.
1755:Euripides. Vellacott, Philip, translator.
1736:. Applause Theatre Book Publishers. 1990.
621:The Bacchae of Euripides: A Communion Rite
397:
67:
2976:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999),
2377:"Compositions: The Music of Gustav Holst"
2223:"from Hurricane Diane | Madeleine George"
2189:
2070:"Los Angeles News and Events - LA Weekly"
1295:The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy.
1220:
1191:directed the bacchantes' dance sequences.
1029:during the 2010 Agora Festival, starring
642:used the play as the basis of their 1986
3293:Dionysiac Poetics and Euripides’ Bacchae
2921:(Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1996).
850:
708:
606:'s dramatic re-envisioning of the work,
488:
401:
3326:Institute of Classical Studies: London.
3302:London; New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
3295:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
2616:
1732:. Euripides. Bagg, Robert, translator.
1236:
927:, created by David Bullen and entitled
778: – a ninety-minute drama based on
516:
14:
4731:Culture of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
4713:
3483:
2791:Moses Hadas and John McLean (trans.),
2617:Sheramy, Bundrick D. (22 March 2009).
2564:, p. 237, (Stanford University Press).
2484:A Short Introduction to Classical Myth
2387:from the original on November 23, 2010
2317:
2220:
2098:
1974:. London: Profile Books. p. 280.
1812:
1059:(Swedish for the Bacchae) is based on
948:composed an opera in Italian based on
667:and retells it in a more modern guise.
4372:
4087:
3753:
3457:
3188:"The Bacchae, adapted from Euripides"
3163:
2202:from the original on 10 February 2018
1988:
1966:
1342:
1252:
548:
2577:, p. 76, (Bucknell University Press)
2141:from the original on 21 October 2008
1364:J. M. Tolcher's 2023 autobiography,
1187:as Tiresias. American choreographer
938:
913:In 2020, the Classics department of
553:
3779:
3119:from the original on 25 August 2017
3028:Bacchae; Iphigenia at Aulis; Rhesus
2657:from the original on 11 August 2017
2598:from the original on 11 August 2017
2443:from the original on April 27, 2015
2171:from the original on 15 August 2017
1806:
1079:
337:. It premiered posthumously at the
24:
4756:Plays based on classical mythology
3884:(third rule) (regent for Laodamas)
3089:from the original on 11 April 2014
2773:from the original on 9 August 2017
2374:
2190:Isherwood, Charles (5 July 2008).
2080:from the original on 22 April 2018
461:, much to the horror of the young
372:, and their punishment by the god
359:City Dionysia festival competition
27:Ancient Greek tragedy by Euripides
25:
4772:
3330:
2908:(Loughcrew: Gallery Press, 1991).
2111:from the original on 26 July 2014
1861:. Bristol Classical Press. 1997.
1817:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 2.
1712:. Oxford University Press. 1965.
1665:Emma Pauly, 2019: prose and verse
1129:produced a musical adaptation of
977:Revelation in the Courthouse Park
406:American student production, 2012
4066:
4055:
4054:
3406:
3398:The Internet Classics Archive –
3382:
3370:
3059:from the original on 2 June 2023
2221:George, Madeleine (2019-01-29).
1668:Brian Vinero, 2020: rhymed verse
1151:
233:
188:
3424:The Performance History of the
3279:Classical and Modern Literature
3180:
3157:
3144:
3131:
3101:
3071:
3041:
3020:
3000:
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2954:
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2755:
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2554:
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2476:
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2338:
2311:
2287:
2263:
2239:
2214:
2183:
2153:
2123:
2092:
2062:
2049:
2028:
2009:
1972:SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome
1960:
1939:
1926:
1905:
1884:
1871:
1604:George Theodoridis, 2005: prose
1392:
1071:in 1991. The music was used in
679:that he put on a production at
4746:Greek plays adapted into films
3440:ClassicNotes about the Bacchae
3113:euripidesofathens.blogspot.com
2943:Daniel Mark Epstein (trans.),
1831:
1790:
1770:
1722:
1690:
832:. A critically praised run at
422:dire warning to nonbelievers.
95:, female followers of Dionysus
13:
1:
3216:American Journal of Philology
3208:
2873:Michael Cacoyannis (trans.),
2817:William Arrowsmith (trans.),
2795:(New York: Dial Press, 1936).
2562:A Handbook of Classical Drama
1329:and Oliver Stone's 2004 film
1299:
1063:. The opera premiered at the
798:as Agave. It was repeated on
744:Billy Rose Theatre Collection
432:
4631:(1699, Desmarets and Campra)
4595:The Killing of a Sacred Deer
3361:Resources in other libraries
3244:University College of London
2906:The Bacchae: After Euripides
2720:"Euripides, Bacchae, line 1"
2055:See: Rolandsson, Ottiliana,
1837:Corrigan, Robert W. editor.
1728:Corrigan, Robert W. editor.
1607:Michael Valerie, 2005: verse
1601:, 2003: verse (as "Bacchai")
1510:, 1988, prose and verse, as
1437:and John McLean, 1936: prose
1368:, makes direct reference to
1268:
1202:filmed the stage adaptation
1183:as Dirce, and Russian actor
1171:as Dionysus, Italian actors
818:National Theatre of Scotland
693:and first performed in 1993.
7:
4741:Plays set in ancient Greece
3416:public domain audiobook at
3298:Stuttard, David. ed. 2016.
3053:johnstoniatexts.x10host.com
2849:The Bacchae and Other Plays
2847:Philip Vellacott (trans.),
2411:The Shakespeare Globe Trust
2099:Weaver, Neal (9 May 2001).
1998:. London: Methuen. p. 278.
1947:The Bacchae and Other Plays
1913:The Bacchae and Other Plays
1892:The Bacchae and Other Plays
1757:The Bacchae and Other Plays
1672:
1629:, 2013: play with songs as
1586:David Franklin, 2000: prose
1194:In 1970 American filmmaker
970:composed an opera based on
10:
4777:
3822:(regent for Labdacus) and
3141:(Bloomsbury Academic 2016)
3008:Bryn Mawr Classical Review
2917:Richard Seaford (trans.),
1307:had an enormous impact on
1208:, performed by members of
1157:In 1961 Italian filmmaker
993:, was composed in 1965 by
929:Dionysus in the Underworld
570:on 6 June 1967) relocates
329:during his final years in
218:
51:
40:
29:
4751:Plays adapted into operas
4685:
4619:
4608:
4579:
4554:
4536:
4517:
4498:
4479:
4468:
4418:
4331:
4306:
4287:
4260:
4209:
4174:
4128:
4049:
4028:
3938:
3787:
3636:
3492:
3356:Resources in your library
3164:Pauly, Emma (Fall 2019).
3109:"The Bacchae Translation"
2993:David Franklin (trans.),
2838:(New York: Norton, 1973).
2326:. Oxford University Press
1857:Winnington-Ingram, R. P.
1504:Matt Neuberg, 1988: verse
1241:Jesus's interrogation by
867:'s multimedia adaptation
843:followed the premiere in
585:Royal Shakespeare Company
368:of Thebes and his mother
169:
159:
149:
139:
131:
99:
88:
78:
66:
61:
43:classical Meitei language
34:. For the D.C. band, see
3322:Thumiger, Chiara. 2007.
3235:Friesen, C. J. P. 2015.
2972:James Morwood (trans.),
2961:The Bacchae of Euripides
2877:(London: Penguin, 1982).
2851:(London: Penguin, 1973).
2806:Greek Drama for Everyman
2547:Courtney J. P. Friesen,
2381:The Gustav Holst Website
2016:"Performing the Bacchae"
1684:
1679:Apollonian and Dionysian
1337:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1025:. The work premiered at
946:Giorgio Federico Ghedini
736:LA Weekly Theater Awards
612:, in a converted garage.
525:, the ancient historian
4296:The Passion of Dionysus
2834:Wole Soyinka (trans.),
2688:Tolcher, J. M. (2023).
2486:. Prentice Hall. 2001.
1949:. Penguin Books. 1954.
1915:. Penguin Books. 1954.
1894:. Penguin Books. 1954.
1759:. Penguin Books. 1954.
1473:, 1970: prose and verse
1443:, 1954: prose and verse
983:Another opera based on
917:performed a version of
812:wrote an adaptation of
523:Marcus Licinius Crassus
468:
398:Various interpretations
341:in 405 BC as part of a
30:For the 2002 film, see
4588:Bash: Latter-Day Plays
4545:The Songs of the Kings
3906:(regent for Tisamenus)
3239:Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck
2904:Derek Mahon (trans.),
2875:Euripides: The Bacchae
2793:Ten Plays by Euripides
2318:Waterhouse, John C.G.
2025:, The Open University.
1934:Ten Plays by Euripides
1399:Theodore Alois Buckley
1380:, and liberation from
1221:Religious significance
1143:. Music was scored by
1096:in the translation by
1075:'s 1993 TV opera film.
997:. The libretto was by
860:
722:
626:Royal National Theatre
494:
407:
335:Archelaus I of Macedon
4072:Portal:Ancient Greece
4060:Category:Theban kings
3826:(regent for Labdacus)
3264:Greek Tragic Theatre.
3252:Perris, Simon. 2016.
3154:(Modern Library 2016)
2724:www.perseus.tufts.edu
2560:Philip Whaley Harsh,
1813:Oranje, Hans (1984).
1710:Euripides and His Age
1210:The Performance Group
1198:and theater director
915:King's College London
854:
712:
492:
405:
54:The Bacchantes (film)
47:Bacchae (Thiyam play)
4675:Iphigénie en Tauride
4660:Iphigénie en Tauride
4628:Iphigénie en Tauride
4041:Necklace of Harmonia
4012:Seven Against Thebes
4005:The Phoenician Women
3599:The Phoenician Women
3522:Children of Heracles
3085:. 25 February 2011.
2575:Ibsen and the Greeks
2529:Morwood (2008, x–xi)
2356:on 25 September 2015
1237:Comparative analysis
1167:, with French actor
676:My Dinner With Andre
618:adapted the play as
517:In classical history
445:, was a mistress of
4694:Iphigenia in Tauris
4652:Ifigenia in Tauride
4644:Ifigenia in Tauride
4636:Ifigenia in Tauride
4611:Iphigenia in Tauris
4570:Alcmaeon in Corinth
4488:Iphigénie en Aulide
4407:Iphigenia in Tauris
4322:Alcmaeon in Corinth
4242:The Lightning Child
4234:A Mouthful of Birds
3654:Alcmaeon in Psophis
3647:Alcmaeon in Corinth
3578:Iphigenia in Tauris
3319:, 60(3/4), 191–210.
3300:Looking at Bacchae.
3291:Segal, C. P. 1997.
3286:Classical Quarterly
2677:Venezia Cinquecento
2635:2009Helio..36...81S
2538:Norwood (1949, 317)
2439:. 25 October 2012.
2324:Oxford Music Online
2227:The Brooklyn Review
2165:radiolistings.co.uk
1632:The Lightning Child
1556:Stephen J. Esposito
1550:Daniel Mark Epstein
1411:Edward P. Coleridge
1136:The Lightning Child
1127:Shakespeare's Globe
1065:Royal Swedish Opera
1019:Georgia Spiropoulos
782: – written by
649:A Mouthful of Birds
568:Royal Court Theatre
354:Alcmaeon in Corinth
348:Iphigeneia at Aulis
345:that also included
339:Theatre of Dionysus
4721:Plays by Euripides
4471:Iphigenia in Aulis
4401:Iphigenia in Aulis
4315:Iphigenia in Aulis
3991:Oedipus at Colonus
3846:Amphion and Zethus
3837:(regent for Laius)
3620:Iphigenia in Aulis
3194:. 15 February 2021
3013:2011-01-07 at the
2995:Euripides: Bacchae
2919:Euripides: Bacchae
2892:2007-09-28 at the
2749:2005-09-10 at the
2643:10.1353/hel.0.0018
2511:Scully (1987, 321)
2196:The New York Times
2101:"Grin and Bare It"
2041:2007-06-30 at the
2021:2011-09-28 at the
1996:The Complete Plays
1994:Orton, Joe. 1976.
1646:, 2015: verse (as
1589:David Kovacs, 2003
1516:St. Martin's Press
1512:The God of Ecstasy
1499:Michael Cacoyannis
1491:, 1978: verse (as
1459:William Arrowsmith
1384:in a contemporary
1354:The Secret History
1343:In popular culture
1309:ancient literature
1253:Dramatic structure
1111:& Cara Reichel
1011:composed an opera
861:
723:
587:'s productions of
564:The Erpingham Camp
549:Modern productions
495:
408:
333:, at the court of
32:The Bacchae (film)
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4604:
4603:
4366:
4365:
4269:Die Bakchantinnen
4081:
4080:
3747:
3746:
3639:fragmentary plays
3375:Works related to
3337:Library resources
3137:Stuttard, David,
3036:978-0-674-99601-4
2698:978-0-646-87587-3
2482:Powell, Barry B.
2417:on April 27, 2015
2383:. Kenric Taylor.
2350:independent.co.uk
1981:978-1-84668-381-7
1405:Henry Hart Milman
1214:The Wooster Group
1200:Richard Schechner
1037:Karol Szymanowski
1031:Médéric Collignon
995:Hans Werner Henze
939:Operatic versions
903:Two River Theater
767:On 20 April 2003
752:Richard Schechner
721:1997, Los Angeles
696:Swedish director
624:with the British
604:Richard Schechner
554:Dramatic versions
531:Battle of Carrhae
321:, written by the
179:
178:
150:Original language
16:(Redirected from
4768:
4726:Theban mythology
4678:(1781, Piccinni)
4655:(1771, Jommelli)
4617:
4616:
4477:
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4084:
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4057:
4029:Related articles
3957:(Euripides play)
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3571:The Trojan Women
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3079:"Bacchae Βάκχαι"
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2403:
2397:
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2375:Taylor, Kenric.
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1708:Murray Gilbert.
1706:
1697:
1696:Rehm (1992, 23).
1694:
1574:Reginald Gibbons
1540:Frederic Raphael
1483:Philip Vellacott
1441:Philip Vellacott
1323:'s 1912 novella
1279:Birth of Tragedy
1080:Musical versions
1039:'s second opera
960:. It debuted at
895:Madeleine George
886:, a traditional
788:Chiwetel Ejiofor
762:Lorenda Starfelt
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3150:Wilson, Emily,
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1695:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1638:Robin Robertson
1619:, 2009: verse (
1611:Michael Scanlan
1593:Ian C. Johnston
1544:Kenneth McLeish
1534:Richard Seaford
1528:Nicholas Rudall
1395:
1345:
1326:Death in Venice
1302:
1287:P.E. Easterling
1271:
1260:Helene P. Foley
1255:
1239:
1223:
1205:Dionysus in '69
1159:Giorgio Ferroni
1154:
1082:
1003:Chester Kallman
941:
907:Hurricane Diane
899:Hurricane Diane
865:Luigi Lo Cascio
757:Dionysus in '69
687:The Bacchae 2.1
681:Yale University
636:Caryl Churchill
556:
551:
519:
471:
459:Mount Cithaeron
435:
400:
290:
263:
236:
232:
191:
187:
140:Place premiered
124:
122:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
74:
57:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4774:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4663:(1779, Gluck)
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4623:
4621:
4614:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4591:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4483:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4425:
4423:
4416:
4415:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4373:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4218:Dionysus in 69
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4183:The Bacchantes
4178:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4063:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3951:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3550:The Suppliants
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3442:
3434:
3429:
3420:
3404:
3400:The Bacchantes
3395:
3380:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:External links
3329:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3179:
3156:
3143:
3130:
3100:
3070:
3040:
3019:
2999:
2986:
2965:
2953:
2936:
2923:
2910:
2897:
2879:
2866:
2853:
2840:
2827:
2810:
2804:Lucas, F. L.,
2797:
2784:
2754:
2736:
2711:
2702:
2681:
2668:
2609:
2579:
2566:
2553:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2475:
2463:
2454:
2428:
2398:
2367:
2337:
2320:"Baccanti, Le"
2310:
2286:
2262:
2238:
2213:
2182:
2152:
2122:
2091:
2061:
2048:
2027:
2008:
1987:
1980:
1959:
1938:
1925:
1904:
1883:
1870:
1850:
1830:
1823:
1805:
1789:
1769:
1745:
1721:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1654:David Stuttard
1651:
1641:
1635:
1624:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1576:, 2000: verse
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1453:Henry Birkhead
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1417:Gilbert Murray
1414:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1362:
1351:'s 1992 novel
1344:
1341:
1301:
1298:
1270:
1267:
1254:
1251:
1243:Pontius Pilate
1238:
1235:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1196:Brian De Palma
1192:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:Arthur Darvill
1125:In Fall 2013,
1123:
1118:with music by
1112:
1101:
1098:Gilbert Murray
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1073:Ingmar Bergman
1050:
1034:
1023:Les Bacchantes
1016:
1006:
981:
965:
958:Tullio Pinelli
944:In 1941–1944,
940:
937:
936:
935:
932:
911:
897:'s adaptation
891:
876:
849:
848:
838:Lincoln Center
806:
803:
794:as Cadmus and
771:premiered the
765:
740:Lincoln Center
707:
706:
698:Ingmar Bergman
694:
684:
668:
653:
633:
613:
609:Dionysus in 69
600:Brian De Palma
596:
555:
552:
550:
547:
518:
515:
470:
467:
434:
431:
399:
396:
380:to her father
229:The Bacchantes
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:Date premiered
129:
128:
101:
97:
96:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
72:
64:
63:
36:Bacchae (band)
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4773:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:(1724, Vinci)
4638:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4491:(1774, Gluck)
4490:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4278:
4277:The Bassarids
4274:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:In literature
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:(second rule)
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3379:at Wikisource
3378:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:1-84002-261-2
3308:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:0-415-11894-8
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3170:The Mercurian
3167:
3166:"The Bacchae"
3160:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3083:wordpress.com
3080:
3074:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2983:
2982:0-19-283875-X
2979:
2975:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2876:
2870:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2801:
2794:
2788:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2706:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2492:0-13-025839-3
2489:
2485:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2004:0-413-34610-2
2001:
1997:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1956:
1955:0-14-044044-5
1952:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1922:
1921:0-14-044044-5
1918:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1900:0-14-044044-5
1897:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1867:1-85399-524-X
1864:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1847:1-55783-046-0
1844:
1840:
1834:
1826:
1824:90-04-07011-7
1820:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1802:0-8122-1626-1
1799:
1793:
1787:
1786:0-8122-1626-1
1783:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1765:0-14-044044-5
1762:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1743:
1742:1-55783-046-0
1739:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1718:0-313-20989-8
1715:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1667:
1664:
1662:, 2016: verse
1661:
1658:
1656:, 2016: verse
1655:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:, 2014: verse
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1595:, 2003: verse
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:0-19-512598-3
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1568:James Morwood
1566:
1564:, 1999: verse
1563:
1562:Paul Woodruff
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:, 1998: verse
1551:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:, 1996: prose
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1501:, 1982: verse
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:Geoffrey Kirk
1469:
1467:, 1969: verse
1466:
1463:
1461:, 1958: verse
1460:
1457:
1455:, 1957: verse
1454:
1451:
1449:, 1954: verse
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1431:, 1930: prose
1430:
1427:
1425:, 1912: verse
1424:
1423:Arthur S. Way
1421:
1419:, 1911: verse
1418:
1415:
1413:, 1891: prose
1412:
1409:
1407:, 1865: verse
1406:
1403:
1401:, 1850: prose
1400:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
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1177:Miranda Campa
1174:
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1152:Film versions
1146:
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789:
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3499:
3493:Extant plays
3446:
3437:
3425:
3412:
3402:by Euripides
3399:
3387: Greek
3351:Online books
3341:
3323:
3316:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3281:18.1: 37–51.
3278:
3263:
3253:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3225:110:107–133.
3222:
3215:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:pwcenter.org
3191:
3182:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3151:
3146:
3138:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3112:
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3082:
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2723:
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2626:
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2600:. Retrieved
2592:academon.com
2591:
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2534:
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2516:
2507:
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2478:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2415:the original
2410:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2380:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2354:the original
2349:
2340:
2330:February 28,
2328:. Retrieved
2323:
2313:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:
2289:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2241:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2195:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2164:
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2143:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2105:laweekly.com
2104:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2034:
2030:
2011:
1995:
1990:
1971:
1962:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1928:
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1907:
1891:
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1878:
1873:
1858:
1853:
1838:
1833:
1814:
1808:
1792:
1778:Euripides, 1
1777:
1772:
1756:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1709:
1692:
1660:Emily Wilson
1647:
1630:
1617:Graham Kirby
1599:Colin Teevan
1511:
1508:Arthur Evans
1492:
1477:Wole Soyinka
1393:Translations
1378:intoxication
1369:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1330:
1324:
1317:Henrik Ibsen
1304:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1240:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1203:
1189:Herbert Ross
1173:Alberto Lupo
1169:Pierre Brice
1162:
1134:
1130:
1120:Philip Glass
1115:
1104:
1093:
1086:Gustav Holst
1060:
1056:
1053:Daniel Börtz
1046:
1045:is based on
1040:
1012:
988:
984:
975:
971:
968:Harry Partch
953:
949:
928:
922:
918:
906:
898:
888:Greek chorus
879:
873:Andrea Rocca
868:
856:
841:Rose Theater
830:Greek chorus
822:Alan Cumming
813:
802:in May 2008.
779:
775:
755:
748:feature film
719:The Bacchae,
718:
701:
686:
674:
664:
660:
647:
619:
616:Wole Soyinka
607:
580:naturalistic
576:holiday camp
571:
542:
520:
504:
500:
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480:
476:
472:
436:
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391:
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363:
352:
346:
228:
227:
223:
182:
181:
180:
4667:discography
4563:The Bacchae
4226:The Bacchoi
4199:The Bacchae
4116:The Bacchae
4019:La Thébaïde
3998:Oedipus Rex
3963:The Bacchae
3949:(Sophocles)
3724:Philoctetes
3689:Cresphontes
3682:Bellerophon
3447:The Bacchae
3438:Grade Saver
3413:The Bacchae
3377:The Bacchae
3152:Greek Plays
3049:"full text"
3026:Euripides,
2949:Euripides 1
2945:The Bacchae
2930:Euripides,
2862:The Bakkhai
2860:Euripides,
2823:Euripides V
2819:The Bacchae
2808:(Dent 1954)
2074:L.A. Weekly
2046:on the web.
1968:Beard, Mary
1932:Euripides.
1877:Euripides,
1734:The Bakkhai
1648:The Bakkhai
1644:Anne Carson
1522:Derek Mahon
1493:The Bakkhai
1489:Robert Bagg
1447:F. L. Lucas
1435:Moses Hadas
1429:D. W. Lucas
1370:The Bacchae
1359:The Bacchae
1349:Donna Tartt
1321:Thomas Mann
1305:The Bacchae
1283:The Bacchae
1227:The Bacchae
1164:Le baccanti
1131:The Bacchae
1116:The Bacchae
1109:Peter Mills
1094:The Bacchae
1061:The Bacchae
1057:Backanterna
1047:The Bacchae
1009:John Buller
999:W. H. Auden
985:The Bacchae
972:The Bacchae
954:Le Baccanti
952:and called
950:The Bacchae
919:The Bacchae
880:The Bacchae
857:The Bacchae
814:The Bacchae
810:David Greig
800:BBC Radio 7
780:The Bacchae
769:BBC Radio 3
732:Los Angeles
702:The Bacchae
691:Charles Mee
673:related in
661:The Bacchae
589:Shakespeare
572:The Bacchae
543:The Bacchae
427:The Bacchae
411:The Bacchae
392:The Bacchae
388:The Bacchae
325:playwright
183:The Bacchae
62:The Bacchae
4715:Categories
4129:Characters
3899:Thersander
3536:Andromache
3529:Hippolytus
3389:Wikisource
3260:Rehm, Rush
3209:References
3198:2022-09-18
2304:2020-03-02
2280:2020-03-02
2256:2021-04-15
2232:2021-04-15
2161:"Dionysos"
2131:"NYPL.org"
1627:Che Walker
1465:Paul Roche
1386:Australian
1382:oppression
1374:femininity
1300:Influences
1141:Ché Walker
1105:The Rockae
1042:King Roger
796:Diana Rigg
773:radio play
665:Oh Babylon
433:Background
100:Characters
79:Written by
45:play, see
4526:Iphigenia
4507:Iphigénie
4449:(brother)
4441:Aegisthus
4429:Agamemnon
4422:'s family
4420:Iphigenia
4412:Euripides
4121:Euripides
3910:Tisamenus
3890:(usurper)
3873:Polynices
3815:Polydorus
3731:Theristai
3696:Hypsipyle
3675:Archelaus
3661:Andromeda
3486:Euripides
3484:Plays by
2744:full text
2651:162291908
2629:(1): 81.
2447:April 19,
2421:April 19,
2299:kcl.ac.uk
2275:kcl.ac.uk
1957:. p. 242.
1923:. p. 218.
1902:. p. 198.
1767:. p. 193.
1621:The Scoop
1332:Alexander
1275:Nietzsche
1269:Criticism
1247:The Bible
1181:Taina Elg
1069:Stockholm
987:, called
924:The Frogs
893:In 2017,
869:La Caccia
820:starring
808:In 2007,
728:Brad Mays
726:In 1997,
715:Euripides
700:directed
640:David Lan
598:In 1970,
593:histories
560:Joe Orton
539:Orodes II
343:tetralogy
331:Macedonia
327:Euripides
121:Messenger
83:Euripides
4736:Dionysus
4461:(sister)
4455:(sister)
4437:(mother)
4431:(father)
4156:Pentheus
4141:Tiresias
4136:Dionysus
4123:(405 BC)
3970:Herakles
3955:Antigone
3947:Antigone
3915:Autesion
3904:Peneleos
3894:Laodamas
3888:Lycus II
3877:Eteocles
3830:Labdacus
3810:Pentheus
3795:Calydnus
3738:Thyestes
3717:Phaethon
3710:Peliades
3668:Antigone
3637:Lost and
3564:Herakles
3508:Alcestis
3418:LibriVox
3262:. 1992.
3117:Archived
3087:Archived
3057:Archived
3011:Archived
2890:Archived
2771:Archived
2747:Archived
2655:Archived
2596:Archived
2441:Archived
2391:March 1,
2385:Archived
2200:Archived
2169:Archived
2139:Archived
2135:nypl.org
2109:Archived
2078:Archived
2039:Archived
2019:Archived
1970:(2016).
1673:See also
1388:setting.
1055:' opera
962:La Scala
884:Dionysus
845:Scotland
834:New York
826:Dionysus
816:for the
776:Dionysos
705:reviews.
659:adapted
655:In 1989
562:'s play
527:Plutarch
511:Harmonia
463:Pentheus
374:Dionysus
366:Pentheus
323:Athenian
314:) is an
116:Pentheus
108:Tiresias
104:Dionysus
4761:Maenads
4580:Related
4555:Trilogy
4453:Electra
4447:Orestes
4351:(novel)
4343:(opera)
4332:Related
4307:Trilogy
4250:Bacchae
4161:Autonoe
3984:Oedipus
3930:Xanthos
3925:Ptolemy
3862:Oedipus
3835:Lycus I
3824:Lycus I
3820:Nycteus
3703:Oedipus
3613:Bacchae
3606:Orestes
3557:Electra
3501:Cyclops
3426:Bacchae
3342:Bacchae
3317:Phoenix
3063:12 June
2932:Bacchae
2631:Bibcode
1879:Bacchae
1524:, 1991
1090:parodos
974:titled
910:change.
790:, with
646:hybrid
630:Nigeria
602:filmed
535:Parthia
455:Maenads
378:thyrsus
319:tragedy
224:Bakkhai
170:Setting
164:Tragedy
119:Servant
93:Bacchae
18:Bacchae
4697:(1779)
4620:Operas
4529:(1977)
4510:(1674)
4480:Operas
4359:(play)
4340:Daphne
4299:(2023)
4280:(1966)
4272:(1931)
4261:Operas
4253:(2015)
4245:(2013)
4237:(1986)
4229:(1974)
4221:(1968)
4202:(2002)
4194:(1970)
4186:(1961)
4146:Cadmus
4036:Thebes
3805:Cadmus
3800:Ogyges
3627:Rhesus
3543:Hecuba
3393:Βάκχαι
3339:about
3309:
3270:
3034:
2980:
2696:
2649:
2623:Helios
2490:
2002:
1978:
1953:
1919:
1898:
1881:, 1–64
1865:
1845:
1821:
1800:
1784:
1763:
1740:
1716:
1580:
1570:, 1999
1558:, 1998
1546:, 1998
1530:, 1996
1485:, 1973
1479:, 1973
1313:Horace
1291:et al.
1013:Bakxai
443:Semele
439:Cadmus
382:Cadmus
219:Βάκχαι
174:Thebes
144:Athens
135:405 BC
112:Cadmus
89:Chorus
4686:Plays
4537:Novel
4499:Plays
4288:Music
4210:Plays
4175:Films
4151:Agave
3977:Iliad
3882:Creon
3867:Creon
3857:Creon
3851:Laius
3841:Laius
3788:Kings
3592:Helen
3515:Medea
3123:9 May
3093:9 May
2777:9 May
2729:9 May
2661:9 May
2647:S2CID
2602:9 May
2360:9 May
2206:9 May
2175:9 May
2145:9 May
2115:9 May
2084:9 May
1685:Notes
1245:from
1092:from
1027:Ircam
370:Agave
214:Greek
160:Genre
126:Agave
4518:Film
4404:and
4356:Talk
3875:and
3307:ISBN
3268:ISBN
3125:2018
3095:2018
3065:2023
3032:ISBN
2978:ISBN
2779:2018
2731:2018
2694:ISBN
2690:Poof
2663:2018
2604:2018
2488:ISBN
2449:2015
2423:2015
2393:2011
2362:2018
2346:"US"
2332:2011
2251:WBGO
2208:2018
2177:2018
2147:2018
2117:2018
2086:2018
2000:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1542:and
1366:Poof
1277:'s "
1175:and
1001:and
638:and
507:lion
469:Plot
451:Asia
447:Zeus
351:and
4410:by
4348:Ink
4166:Ino
4119:by
3585:Ion
2639:doi
1293:in
1067:in
836:'s
824:as
754:'s
742:'s
591:'s
4717::
3190:.
3172:.
3168:.
3115:.
3111:.
3081:.
3055:.
3051:.
2769:.
2765:.
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2692:.
2653:.
2645:.
2637:.
2627:36
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2594:.
2590:.
2466:^
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2379:.
2348:.
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2273:.
2249:.
2225:.
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2194:.
2167:.
2163:.
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2133:.
2107:.
2103:.
2076:.
2072:.
1748:^
1701:^
1376:,
1339:.
1289:,
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545:.
537:,
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361:.
298:ɑː
289:,-
222:,
216::
212:;
205:iː
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3477:e
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3463:v
3449:.
3428:.
3274:.
3201:.
3174:7
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3097:.
3067:.
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2179:.
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2119:.
2088:.
2006:.
1984:.
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1623:)
1518:)
1514:(
1495:)
1361:.
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1049:.
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1005:.
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847:.
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652:.
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310:/
307:s
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301:n
295:k
292:ˈ
286:s
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277:æ
274:k
271:ˈ
268:ə
265:b
262:,
259:s
256:t
253:n
250:ə
247:k
244:æ
241:b
238:ˈ
235:/
208:/
202:k
199:æ
196:b
193:ˈ
190:/
186:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
