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301:
331:
425:. This rose by 2014 to 5.1 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil, condensate and refined petroleum products headed toward Europe, the United States, and Asia, then an estimated 6.2 b/d by 2018. Total petroleum flows through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait accounted for about 9% of total seaborne-traded petroleum (crude oil and refined petroleum products) in 2017. About 3.6 million b/d moved north toward Europe; another 2.6 million b/d flowed in the opposite direction mainly to Asian markets such as Singapore, China, and India.
49:
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Chokepoints are narrow channels along widely used global sea routes that are critical to global energy security. The Bab el-Mandeb Strait is 26 kilometres (14 nautical miles) wide at its narrowest point, limiting tanker traffic to two 2-mile-wide channels for inbound and outbound shipments.
417:
Closure of the Bab el-Mandeb Strait could keep tankers originating in the
Persian Gulf from transiting the Suez Canal or reaching the SUMED Pipeline, forcing them to divert around the southern tip of Africa, which would increase transit time and shipping costs.
559:. Middle East Development LLC issued a notice to construct a bridge passing across the Red Sea that would be the longest suspended passing in the world. The project was assigned to engineering company
421:
In 2006, an estimated 3.3 million barrels (520,000 m) of oil passed through the strait per day, out of a world total of about 43 million barrels per day (6,800,000 m/d) moved by
533:
and the trade routes through the Suez Canal. It was used as a coaling station to refuel steamships until 1935 when the reduced use of coal as fuel rendered the operation unprofitable.
2016:
1801:
1686:
366:, has a width of 20.3 kilometres (11.0 nmi) and a depth of 310 metres; 1,020 feet (170 fathoms). Near the coast of Djibouti lies a group of smaller islands known as the "
311:
The strait derives its name from the dangers attending its navigation or, according to an Arab legend, from the numbers who were drowned by an earthquake that separated the
1926:
472:. It is presumed that the oceans were then much lower and the straits were much shallower or dry, which allowed a series of emigrations along the southern coast of Asia.
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a proposal for the island to be internationalized as a way to ensure the continued security of passage and navigation in the Bab-el-Mandeb, but this was refused.
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567:, both from Denmark but the announced delay to Phase 1 in 2010 and the lack of any further updates since makes this a defunct project.
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epoch created the
Danakil Isthmus, a land bridge forming a broad connection between Yemen and Ethiopia. During the last 100,000 years,
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102:
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370:". There is a surface current inwards in the eastern channel, but a strong undercurrent outwards in the western channel.
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applies to Bab el-Mandeb, although
Eritrea (unlike the rest of coastal countries) is not a party to the convention.
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17:
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The most significant towns and cities along both the
Djiboutian and Yemeni sides of the Bab-el-Mandeb:
989:"Iran-Israel 'Shadow War' in Waters around the Arabian Peninsula and Incidents near the Bab el-Mandeb"
931:
390:. Most exports of petroleum and natural gas from the Persian Gulf that transit the Suez Canal or the
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1611:
1981:
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asserted its ownership in 1857 and erected a lighthouse there in 1861, using it to command the
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1045:. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 603.
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33:
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988:
479:
tradition, the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb were witness to the earliest migrations of
Semitic
8:
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625:
449:
951:
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fluctuations have led to alternate opening and closing of the straits. According to the
2197:
1721:
1621:
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461:
551:
unveiled plans to build a bridge named Bridge of the Horns across the strait, linking
322:
In "Bab-el-Mandeb", "Bab" means "gate" while "Mandeb" means "lamentation" or "grief".
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354:(Alexander's Strait), is 5.37 kilometres (2.90 nmi) wide and has a depth of 29
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2222:
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2036:
1976:
1766:
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1736:
1521:
780:
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468:, the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb were probably witness to the earliest migrations of
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84:
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952:"The Bab el-Mandeb Strait is a strategic route for oil and natural gas shipments"
548:
407:
399:
213:
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29:
Strait between Yemen on the
Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti in the Horn of Africa
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398:. While the narrow width of the strait requires vessels to travel through the
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The
British presence continued until 1967 when the island became part of the
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935:, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 179
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540:. Before the handover, the British government had put forward before the
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divides the strait into two channels, of which the eastern, known as the
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502:. It extended its rule across the strait with the conquest of the
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1192:
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Revolution and
Foreign Policy, the Case of South Yemen, 1967–1987
973:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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530:
457:
279:
271:
144:
32:"Gate of Grief" redirects here. For the album by White Ring, see
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The distance across is about 26 kilometres (14 nmi) from
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355:
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200:
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1029:, Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy
560:
402:
of adjacent states, under the purview of
Article 37 of the
373:
490:
BC, roughly around the same time as the Hebrew patriarch
334:
Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb with Perim Island in the distance
1173:"Notice-to-Proceed Launches Ambitious Red Sea Crossing"
1042:
The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
378:
The Bab-el-Mandeb acts as a strategic link between the
1229:
Notice-to-Proceed
Launches Ambitious Red Sea Crossing
891:"BP pauses all Red Sea shipments after rebel attacks"
1199:. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency.
2299:
1137:
95:
1224:, vol. 3 (11th ed.), 1911, p. 91
1038:
583:, which includes Djibouti, Yemen, and Eritrea.
404:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
918:
916:
914:
912:
1254:
1103:
394:pass through both the Bab el-Mandeb and the
217:
909:
223:
1261:
1247:
1170:
1123:. Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
1013:
1071:. National Academies. 1982. p. 124.
362:(16 fathoms) deep, while the western, or
1185:
1118:
432:
374:Significance in the maritime trade route
329:
299:
880:Wehr's Arabic-English Dictionary, 1960.
563:in collaboration with architect studio
14:
2300:
1242:
993:Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea
946:
944:
942:
766:
62:The Bab-el-Mandeb as seen from space
986:
843:Rail (tunnel or bridge) transport:
218:
24:
1154:"Tarek Bin Laden's Red Sea bridge"
939:
922:
517:unilaterally seized the island of
498:was a major regional power in the
477:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
25:
2384:
1206:
2282:
2272:
2017:Saint Francis Bay (Eastern Cape)
1268:
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641:
538:People's Republic of South Yemen
483:speakers into Africa, occurring
56:
47:
1164:
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1112:
599:
586:
466:recent single origin hypothesis
2343:Bodies of water of the Red Sea
1085:
1059:
1032:
980:
883:
874:
307:of Bab-el-Mandeb (with labels)
13:
1:
1020:World Oil Transit Chokepoints
868:
570:
484:
445:through the strait, 2014–2018
635:GDP per capita (PPP) $ USD
575:The Bab-el-Mandeb is also a
325:
7:
2338:Bodies of water of Djibouti
2323:Straits of the Indian Ocean
923:Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878),
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774:
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547:In 2008 a company owned by
346:in Djibouti. The island of
10:
2389:
1171:Tom Sawyer (May 1, 2007).
1025:February 18, 2015, at the
848:Rail transport in Djibouti
515:British East India Company
428:
31:
2269:
2241:
2140:
1322:
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858:Rail transport in Somalia
853:Rail transport in Eritrea
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521:in 1799 on behalf of its
243:
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133:
94:
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55:
46:
41:
2333:Bodies of water of Yemen
1092:Official website of EOTC
1068:Climate in Earth History
1039:Henri J. Dumont (2009).
987:Lott, Alexander (2022).
796:
386:via the Red Sea and the
178:609 ft (186 m)
2373:Djibouti–Eritrea border
1982:Porto Alexandre, Angola
1687:Enseada dos Três Irmãos
1221:Encyclopædia Britannica
1178:Engineering News-Record
1119:Halliday, Fred (1990).
932:Encyclopædia Britannica
863:Rail transport in Yemen
406:, the legal concept of
295:
170:16 mi (26 km)
162:31 mi (50 km)
1802:Hirghīgo Bahir Selat’ē
1097:June 25, 2010, at the
446:
335:
308:
2368:International straits
1922:Mietjie Frans se Baai
1527:Bay of Saint-Augustin
1215:"Bab-el-Mandeb"
926:"Bab-el-Mandeb"
443:liquefied natural gas
436:
333:
303:
286:and by extension the
34:Gate of Grief (album)
2173:Canal de São Vicente
1927:Moraha Bahir Selat’ē
1417:Baia de Porto Amboim
1193:"CIA World Factbook"
999:. pp. 117–118.
525:. The government of
2358:Borders of Djibouti
2213:Strait of Gibraltar
2198:Mozambique Channel
2027:Saint Sebastian Bay
1682:Enseada do Quitungo
1677:Enseada do Quicombo
1672:Enseada do Chalungo
1662:Enseada de São Braz
1422:Baía de Santa Marta
897:. December 18, 2023
506:shortly before the
450:Paleo-environmental
233:Gate of Lamentation
114: /
2363:Borders of Eritrea
1962:Plaatjieskraalbaai
1722:Ghoubbet-el-Kharab
1667:Enseada do Catumbo
1657:Enseada das Pombas
1622:Dakhlet Nouadhibou
1197:The World Factbook
767:Population centers
619:Population density
462:eustatic sea level
447:
336:
309:
278:. It connects the
2328:Arabian mythology
2318:Straits of Africa
2295:
2294:
2289:Oceans portal
2279:Africa portal
2183:Guardafui Channel
2012:Saint Francis Bay
1707:Fernao Veloso Bay
1477:Baie de Sangareya
1427:Baía de Sucujaque
1304:Mediterranean Sea
1143:Hakim, pp. 17-18.
958:. August 27, 2019
764:
763:
631:GDP (PPP) $ M USD
504:Himyarite Kingdom
384:Mediterranean Sea
313:Arabian Peninsula
264:Arabian Peninsula
206:
205:
118:12.583°N 43.333°E
16:(Redirected from
2380:
2353:Borders of Yemen
2287:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2233:Zanzibar Channel
2223:Straits of Tiran
2218:Strait of Sicily
2122:Walvis Bay (bay)
2037:Sandwich Harbour
1977:Pointe-Noire Bay
1767:Gulf of Tadjoura
1752:Gulf of Hammamet
1717:Frederik se Baai
1522:Bay of Langarano
1407:Baía de Mossuril
1392:Baía da Condúcia
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496:Kingdom of Aksum
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396:Strait of Hormuz
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85:Northeast Africa
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39:
38:
21:
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2313:Straits of Asia
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2243:
2237:
2193:Massawa Channel
2163:Canal de Bolola
2158:Canal de Bolama
2136:
2082:Spoegrivierbaai
1972:Plettenbergbaai
1782:Hafun Bay South
1597:Chake-Chake Bay
1557:Bight of Biafra
1402:Baía de Mocambo
1397:Baía da Corimba
1377:Antsiranana Bay
1367:Angra de Cintra
1324:
1318:
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1099:Wayback Machine
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549:Tarek bin Laden
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431:
408:transit passage
400:territorial sea
376:
328:
305:Satellite photo
298:
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137: countries
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2256:Erythraean Sea
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2251:Aethiopian Sea
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2208:Shubuk Channel
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2019:
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1999:
1994:
1992:Río de Oro Bay
1989:
1984:
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1969:
1964:
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1812:Hottentotsbaai
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1747:Gulf of Guinea
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1627:Dalwakteah Bay
1624:
1619:
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1612:Conception Bay
1609:
1604:
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1592:Cape Negro Bay
1589:
1587:Cape Cross Bay
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1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:Bight of Benin
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1532:Bay of Tangier
1529:
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1519:
1517:Bay of Hawakil
1514:
1509:
1504:
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1452:Baía do Govuro
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1437:Baía do Ambriz
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1432:Baía de Tombua
1429:
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1419:
1414:
1412:Baía de Namibe
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1404:
1399:
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1362:Ana Chaves Bay
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1342:Al Hoceima Bay
1339:
1337:Acheïl Dakhlet
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1314:Southern Ocean
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1289:Atlantic Ocean
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1207:External links
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1129:
1111:
1109:Gavin, p. 291.
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833:Horn of Africa
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595:Bab-el-Mandeb:
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569:
542:United Nations
500:Horn of Africa
456:events in the
430:
427:
392:SUMED Pipeline
375:
372:
368:Seven Brothers
327:
324:
317:Horn of Africa
297:
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276:Horn of Africa
204:
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193:Seven Brothers
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2228:Tigres Strait
2226:
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2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:Pemba Channel
2201:
2199:
2196:
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2189:
2188:Mafia Channel
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Canal do Meio
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Canal de Caió
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Bab-el-Mandeb
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
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2118:
2115:
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2047:Skoonbergbaai
2045:
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2023:
2022:St Helena Bay
2020:
2018:
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1887:McDougall Bay
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1837:John Owen Bay
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1827:Inhambane Bay
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1772:Gulf of Tunis
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1757:Gulf of Sidra
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1742:Gulf of Gabès
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1737:Gulf of 'Agig
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1507:Bay of Beylul
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1492:Bay of Arguin
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1487:Bay of Anfile
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1472:Baie de Gorée
1470:
1468:
1465:
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1462:Baía do Nzeto
1460:
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1457:Baía do Lúrio
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730:Djibouti City
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523:Indian empire
520:
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508:rise of Islam
505:
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482:
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475:According to
473:
471:
470:modern humans
467:
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441:products and
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364:Dact-el-Mayun
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257:
253:
252:Gate of Tears
249:
248:Gate of Grief
241:
215:
211:
210:Bab-el-Mandeb
202:
198:
194:
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189:
185:
181:
177:
175:Average depth
173:
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150:
146:
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139:
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132:
127:
99:
93:
90:
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82:
78:
73:
69:
68:topographical
65:
59:
54:
50:
45:
42:Bab-el-Mandeb
40:
35:
27:
19:
18:Bab al-Mandab
2348:Gulf of Aden
2153:Bab Iskender
2147:
2032:Saldanha Bay
1882:Lüderitz Bay
1832:Jammer Bucht
1777:Gulf of Zula
1762:Gulf of Suez
1732:Gulf of Aden
1727:Grosse Bucht
1692:Equimina Bay
1642:Dungonab Bay
1632:Deurloopbaai
1562:Bocock’s Bay
1537:Benguela Bay
1497:Bay of Arzew
1467:Baía do Suto
1387:Baía Almeida
1372:Antongil Bay
1294:Indian Ocean
1269:African seas
1234:Sea crossing
1219:
1196:
1187:
1176:
1166:
1148:
1139:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1087:
1067:
1061:
1041:
1034:
1015:
992:
982:
962:November 10,
960:. Retrieved
955:
930:
901:December 19,
899:. Retrieved
894:
885:
876:
842:
827:
817:
770:
615:(2016 est.)
594:
587:Demographics
574:
546:
535:
512:
474:
448:
420:
416:
412:
380:Indian Ocean
377:
352:Bab Iskender
342:in Yemen to
337:
321:
310:
292:
288:Indian Ocean
284:Gulf of Aden
251:
247:
209:
207:
71:
63:
26:
2261:Sea of Zanj
2107:Tietiesbaai
2092:Swartstraat
2077:Spencer Bay
2072:Somnaasbaai
2062:Sodwana Bay
2007:Rooiwalbaai
1852:Lambert Bay
1847:Kiwaiyu Bay
1797:Henties Bay
1647:Durissa Bay
1602:Chameis Bay
1582:Cabinda Bay
1577:Bosluisbaai
1547:Betty’s Bay
1502:Bay of Aseb
1382:Arab's Gulf
1347:Algiers Bay
1332:Abu Qir Bay
1284:Alboran Sea
956:www.eia.gov
823:Red Sea Dam
808:Cheikh Saïd
781:Khôr ʽAngar
748:34,620,269
655:27,392,779
581:Arab League
488: 1900
340:Ras Menheli
159:Max. length
121: /
96:Coordinates
2302:Categories
2242:Historical
2117:Walker Bay
2112:Ungama Bay
2087:Struisbaai
2067:Sofala Bay
2042:Sierra Bay
1932:Mossel Bay
1902:Markusbaai
1897:Maputo Bay
1877:Luanda Bay
1872:Lobito Bay
1867:Loango Bay
1842:Kalawy Bay
1807:Horingbaai
1652:Elands Bay
1637:Doringbaai
1607:Chwaka Bay
1542:Bera’esoli
1512:Bay of Edd
1482:Bandombaai
869:References
751:51.8 / km
689:6,380,803
612:Population
577:sub-region
571:Sub-region
388:Suez Canal
344:Ras Siyyan
244:ባብ ኣል ማንዳብ
219:باب المندب
167:Min. width
2127:Yawri Bay
2097:Table Bay
2057:Slangbaai
2052:Skurfbaai
2002:Roode Bay
1957:Pipas Bay
1952:Pemba Bay
1947:Oran Gulf
1912:Menai Bay
1907:Memba Bay
1892:Manza Bay
1822:Hydra Bay
1702:Farta Bay
1697:False Bay
1357:Ambas Bay
1352:Algoa Bay
803:At Turbah
786:Moulhoule
757:$ 70,650
666:$ 58,202
622:(per km)
439:petroleum
437:Flows of
326:Geography
315:from the
89:West Asia
66:and on a
2102:Thysbaai
1997:Rock Bay
1967:Platbaai
1942:Noopbaai
1937:Möwebaai
1917:Meob Bay
1862:Langbaai
1857:Lamu Bay
1787:Hann Bay
1712:Foul Bay
1617:Cuio Bay
1572:Bootbaai
1325:and bays
1277:and seas
1158:BBC News
1095:Archived
1023:Archived
895:BBC News
828:Region:
818:Strait:
814:See also
775:Djibouti
760:$ 1,841
754:Various
745:668,629
737:$ 3,351
734:$ 3.327
723:846,687
716:Djibouti
703:$ 1,314
700:$ 9.121
686:117,600
669:$ 2,249
652:527,829
601:Country
557:Djibouti
454:tectonic
382:and the
268:Djibouti
258:between
240:Tigrinya
197:Doumeira
141:Djibouti
83:Between
80:Location
72:(bottom)
2141:Straits
2132:Yof Bay
1817:Hurdiyo
1309:Red Sea
838:Mashriq
720:23,200
682:Eritrea
626:Capital
579:in the
531:Red Sea
527:Britain
458:Miocene
429:History
423:tankers
282:to the
280:Red Sea
274:in the
272:Eritrea
262:on the
254:, is a
250:or the
246:), the
227:
216::
188:Islands
145:Eritrea
109:43°20′E
106:12°35′N
1275:Oceans
1127:
1075:
1049:
1003:
742:Total
696:Asmara
662:Sana'a
494:. The
356:metres
256:strait
214:Arabic
1323:Gulfs
997:Brill
797:Yemen
791:Fagal
726:36.5
692:54.3
658:51.9
648:Yemen
608:(km)
555:with
553:Yemen
519:Perim
492:Jacob
481:Ge'ez
358:; 96
348:Perim
260:Yemen
201:Perim
149:Yemen
135:Basin
64:(top)
2244:seas
1125:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1047:ISBN
1001:ISBN
964:2023
903:2023
605:Area
561:COWI
513:The
452:and
360:feet
296:Name
270:and
266:and
224:lit.
208:The
147:and
87:and
70:map
2304::
1218:,
1195:.
1175:.
1156:.
995:.
991:.
954:.
941:^
929:,
911:^
893:.
510:.
485:c.
319:.
290:.
242::
238:,
222:,
199:,
195:,
143:,
1262:e
1255:t
1248:v
1181:.
1160:.
1133:.
1081:.
1055:.
1009:.
977:.
966:.
905:.
236:'
230:'
212:(
74:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
