48:
60:
1128:
82:
327:(reigned 1200-1220) in his struggle against the Mongols, there is no documentation for the Mongol invasion of the Avar lands. As historical clues are so scarce, it is probably fruitless to speculate whether the Avars were the agents of the Mongol influence in the Caucasus and whether they were entrusted with the task of levying tribute for the khan, as modern historian Murad Magomedov suggests.
404:
Within two years after Umma-Khan's death, the khanate voluntarily submitted to
Russian authority. Yet the Russian administration disappointed and embittered freedom-loving highlanders. The institution of heavy taxation, coupled with the expropriation of estates and the construction of fortresses,
308:, terminated further Christian Georgian presence in this area. In fact, numerous traces of Christianity (crosses, chapels) are found within the Avar territory and it is now assumed that Christianity, penetrating from Georgia, survived among the Avars down to the 14th to 15th centuries.
338:
following the disintegration of the Golden Horde in the 15th century was at once a symptom and a cause of the Khans' diminished influence during the 15th and 16th centuries. The khanate was a loosely structured state, sometimes forced to seek the
1182:
936:
922:
899:
544:
1405:
918:
909:
758:
702:
1232:Лавров Л. И. Эпиграфические памятники Северного Кавказа на арабском, персидском и турецком языках. М., 1968. Ч. 2: Надписи XVIII-XIX вв. М., 1968. стр. 169,171.
660:
638:
1214:Лавров Л. И. Эпиграфические памятники Северного Кавказа на арабском, персидском и турецком языках. М., 1968. Ч. 2: Надписи XVIII-XIX вв. М., 1968. стр.169-171.
891:
534:
362:. The consolidation of Islam in Avaristan in the 18th century resulted in a series of religious wars against the Georgian states, these sporadic forays are also known as
1107:Лавров Л. И. Эпиграфические памятники Северного Кавказа на арабском, персидском и турецком языках. М., 1968. Ч. 2: Надписи XVIII-XIX вв. М., 1968. стр.170
861:
954:
931:
754:
741:
389:. The reign of Umma-Khan (from 1775 to 1801) marked the zenith of the Avar ascendancy in the Caucasus. Potentates who paid tribute to Umma-Khan included the rulers of
216:
191:
651:
633:
984:
586:
59:
948:
570:
834:
692:
801:
795:
763:
706:
334:
overran the region in 1241, but by the 14th century, the newly established Avar
Khanate managed to maintain independence from the Mongols. The rise of the
780:
745:
732:
726:
580:
1304:
767:
855:
785:
772:
1205:Айтберов Т. М. Источники по истории Аварии XVI—XVII вв. // Развитие феодальных отношений в Дагестане. Махачкала, 1980. стр. 191—192
825:
681:
677:
665:
426:
849:
807:
776:
813:
622:
710:
686:
601:
560:
844:
829:
819:
669:
656:
791:
750:
736:
696:
385:. In the wake of this success, Avar sovereigns managed to expand their territory at the expense of free communities in Dagestan and
370:; the names of rulers who led the most devastating attacks, Umma-Khan, Nursal-Bek, and Mallachi, are mentioned in Georgian sources.
1129:"(PDF) Ума-нуцал (Умахан) Великий (очерк истории Аварского нуцальства второй половины XVIII в.) | Shakhban Khapizov - Academia.edu"
1415:
1297:
1395:
1091:
1241:Геничутлинский X. Историко-биографические и исторические очерки / пер. Т. М. Айтберова. Махачкала.1992. Стр.43
1290:
1161:
1264:
81:
1400:
1001:
47:
1390:
382:
377:
fostered the ambitions of the Avar khans, whose greatest coup was the defeat of the 100,000-strong army of
297:
913:
885:
1313:
1011:
895:
879:
619:
Shamkhal son of Alibek (possibly Nutsal, but this is not certain) (turn of the 14th–15th centuries)
324:
21:
This article is about the khanate in the
Caucasus. For the khaganate in east-central Europe, see
1223:Русско-дагестанские отношения XVII — первой четверти XVIII вв. Махачкала, 1958, с. 37
908:(1827—1828). Khan was recognized only by the Russian administration. Power was in the hands of
335:
1061:
Dagestanskiĭ filial
Akademii nauk SSSR, In-t istorii, i︠a︡zyka, i literatury im. G. T︠S︡adasy
300:, who made their first appearance in the Caucasus with approximately 20,000 warriors led by
942:
905:
8:
1349:
406:
867:
366:
in
Georgian historiography. The references to these raids appear in the Epic poetry of
358:. Under Turkish influence, in the 17th century the majority of the Avar tribes adopted
350:
In the 16th century, the region was the center of a fierce struggle for control by the
312:
293:
1410:
898:. Khan was recognized only by the Russian administration. Power was in the hands of
1344:
374:
367:
320:
265:
249:
1364:
1329:
1095:
1006:
963:
689:(1546 - December 1569), the son of the previous one or possibly the son of Shaban
355:
22:
343:'s protection against its powerful enemies, while many mountainous communities (
1369:
1334:
794:(mentioned in 1656 — died in 1667/1668), son of Andunik (Ummakhan), the son of
433:
410:
351:
273:
209:
1157:
1088:
1384:
1359:
1339:
1193:Белокуров С. Сношения России с Кавказом. М., 1889. С. 117, 118, 129, 132, 133
716:
592:
422:
390:
241:
105:
729:(before 1596), brother of the previous one, or the same person with Kanbuluk
1354:
1324:
1282:
1250:Магомедов Р. М. По аулам Дагестана. Махачкала, 1977. Ч. I. С. 63.
927:
840:
574:
564:
548:
538:
528:
394:
331:
65:
458:
Khosro (it is not known exactly whether he ruled), the son of the previous
405:
electrified the Avar population into rising under the aegis of the Muslim
873:
418:
288:
was introduced to the Avar valleys. The fall of the
Christian Kingdom of
115:
1260:
414:
378:
674:
Shaban (mentioned in 1523/1524), possibly the son of the previous one
647:
524:
518:
363:
285:
69:
1132:
596:
554:
452:
386:
269:
95:
398:
316:
301:
126:
627:
425:
raged until 1864, when the Avar
Khanate was abolished and the
292:
in the early 12th century and later weakening of neighbouring
642:
359:
289:
196:
347:) obtained a considerable degree of autonomy from the khan.
1046:
A History of
Sharvan and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries
990:
340:
305:
1406:
States and territories established in the 13th century
1183:Материалы По Хронологии И Генеалогии Правителей Аварии
753:(mentioned in 1610 and ap. 1614), possibly the son of
735:(late 16th century), son of Kushkanti-Khilav, son of
311:After ravaging Georgia, the Mongols cut across the
276:) from the early 13th century to the 19th century.
659:(1485—1510) nephew of the previous one and son of
432:Since 1864, the Avar Khanate has been annexed to
373:In the 18th century, the steady weakening of the
1382:
882:(1801 - January 1802), brother of the previous
852:(1722—1730), co-ruler, brother of the previous
744:(mentioned in 1600/1601), possibly the son of
16:Muslim state from the 13th to the 19th century
1298:
1201:
1199:
506:Firudshah (Prussianshah), son of the previous
284:Between the 5th and 12th centuries, Georgian
268:state, which controlled mountainous parts of
1312:
1152:
1150:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
668:(1510—before 1523), son of Ummakhan, son of
641:, son-in-law of the previous one and son of
446:The first ruler by name - Avar (6th century)
279:
1305:
1291:
1253:
1196:
1073:
888:(1802—1823), son of Ali Sultan of Mehtulin
80:
1147:
1110:
843:(1725—1735), son of Elder Bulach, son of
613:Bayr (early 1430s-?), son of the previous
1058:
1043:
876:(1774 - April 1801), son of the previous
837:(1709—1713 or 1725), brother of previous
515:Uruskhan (Aulkhan), son of the previous
1383:
1164:from the original on 13 September 2013
1048:. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons ltd.
86:Avar Khanate within Dagestan (Russia).
1286:
962:Ahmad Khan (1836—1843), ruler of the
804:(1667/1668—1687), son of the previous
509:Toku son of Firuja (mid-11th century)
957:(1834—1836), brother of the previous
822:(1698—1706), brother of the previous
315:during the winter to get around the
1267:from the original on 2 October 2021
723:) (неизвестно), son of the previous
494:Fardin (Perid), son of the previous
13:
1261:"Государственные деятели — Авария"
1076:Posol'stvo Teĭmuraza II V Rossii͡u
715:Kanbuluk (most likely Ghann-Bulat
699:(1569—1570), sons of the previous
14:
1427:
680:(1540—1546), possibly the son of
604:(second half of the 13th century)
439:
858:(1735—1744), son of Ummakhan III
810:(1687—1698), son of the previous
557:((12th century)), son of Surakat
503:Kad (Bakir), son of the previous
214:
189:
58:
46:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1017:
939:(1834—1836), with him regents:
798:or directly the son of Ummakhan
610:Surakat (1362-1396,early 1430s)
479:Khavadshah, son of the previous
467:Khidirshah, son of the previous
1416:Khanates of the North Caucasus
1187:
1176:
1158:"Аварское ханство, нуцальство"
1101:
1082:
1067:
1052:
1037:
1002:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
983:In 1837—1859 - as part of the
870:(? - 1774), son of Ummakhan IV
1:
1074:Macharadze, Valerian (1960).
1030:
476:Safishah, son of the previous
381:in September 1741 during his
323:had pledged their support to
1059:Akhzakov, Alikhadji (1968).
1026:, vol. 1–4. Moscow, 1967–69.
695:(mentioned in 1547/1548) or
7:
1396:Former monarchies of Europe
995:
951:(1836), son of the previous
766:(before 1634/1635), son of
500:Namrud, son of the previous
491:Tahmaz, son of the previous
482:Firavn, son of the previous
470:Tarraz, son of the previous
10:
1432:
1078:(in Russian). p. 152.
512:Ummakhan, son of Firudshah
497:Bayar, son of the previous
473:Abbas, son of the previous
336:Shamkhalate of Kazi-Kumukh
20:
1320:
1063:(in Russian). p. 37.
930:(1834—1834), daughter of
775:(1634/1635—1646), son of
720:
488:Said, son of the previous
485:Amir, son of the previous
280:History of Avar Nutsaldom
253:
245:
168:
164:
154:
144:
140:
132:
122:
111:
101:
91:
79:
42:
37:
30:
1314:Khanates of the Caucasus
1012:Gebek Janku ibn Muhammad
429:was instituted instead.
1089:Список аварских нуцалов
595:(12th century), son of
325:Muhammad II of Khwarezm
38:Early 13th century–1864
1401:1864 disestablishments
705:(before 1589), son of
531:), son of the previous
156:• Disestablished
1044:Minorsky, V. (1958).
971:foreman Aitber (1843)
816:, son of the previous
630:, son of the previous
593:Andunik (Amir-Sultan)
587:Amir-Ahmad ibn Chufan
521:, son of the previous
286:Orthodox Christianity
102:Common languages
977:Qadi Muhammad (1843)
943:Aslan-Hussein Khan I
937:Sultan Ahmed Khan II
923:Sultan Ahmed- Khan I
921:(1828—1834), son of
912:(1823—1834), son of
906:Aslan-Hussein Khan I
894:(1818—1834), son of
828:(1706—1709), son of
650:(1460—1485), son of
571:Sultan ibn Masum-bek
383:conquest of Dagestan
68:according to Prince
1391:History of Dagestan
1350:Nakhichevan Khanate
1024:History of Dagestan
974:bek Himmat I (1843)
914:Sultan Ahmed Khan I
900:Sultan Ahmed Khan I
886:Sultan Ahmed Khan I
835:Muhammad Nutsal III
788:(mentioned in 1650)
759:Muhammed-Shvankhala
464:Uruskhan (Aruskhan)
319:Pass. Although the
264:, was a long-lived
146:• Established
1094:2013-09-13 at the
968:Temporary rulers:
945:(1834—1836), again
868:Muhammad-nutsal IV
802:Muhammad-nutsal II
796:Umma Khan the Just
764:Umma Khan the Just
746:Shvankhal-nutsal I
727:Shvankhal-nutsal I
703:Muhammad-Shvankhal
313:Caucasus Mountains
150:Early 13th century
1378:
1377:
919:Abu Sultan Khan I
910:Abu Sultan Khan I
781:Muhammad-nutsal I
768:Shvankhal-nutsala
733:Muhammad-nutsal I
581:Chufan ibn Sultan
455:(mid-8th century)
256:), also known as
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
202:
201:
72:'s Atlas (c.1745)
1423:
1345:Karabakh Khanate
1307:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1131:. Archived from
1125:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1041:
955:Muhammad Mirza I
722:
421:(1834–59). This
298:Mongol invasions
255:
254:Аварское ханство
247:
218:
217:
206:
205:
193:
192:
186:
185:
170:
169:
84:
62:
50:
28:
27:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1365:Shirvan Khanate
1330:Derbent Khanate
1316:
1311:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1135:on 10 June 2021
1127:
1126:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1096:Wayback Machine
1087:
1083:
1072:
1068:
1057:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1020:
1007:Caucasian Avars
998:
993:
964:Mehtuli Khanate
864:(1744 - ?)
442:
282:
215:
190:
157:
147:
87:
75:
74:
73:
63:
55:
54:
51:
33:
26:
23:Pannonian Avars
17:
12:
11:
5:
1429:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1370:Talysh Khanate
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:Erivan Khanate
1332:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1195:
1186:
1175:
1146:
1109:
1100:
1081:
1066:
1051:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
997:
994:
992:
991:
981:
980:
979:
978:
975:
972:
966:
960:
959:
958:
952:
946:
934:
925:
916:
903:
892:Surkhay Khan I
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
856:Nutsal Khan II
853:
847:
838:
832:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
789:
786:Muldar Mirza I
783:
773:Amir-Khamza II
770:
761:
757:or the son of
748:
739:
730:
724:
713:
700:
690:
684:
675:
672:
663:
661:Muhammad-Mirza
654:
645:
639:Muhammed-Mirza
636:
631:
625:
620:
617:
616:unknown nucals
614:
611:
608:
607:unknown nucals
605:
599:
590:
584:
578:
568:
558:
552:
542:
532:
522:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:unknown rulers
459:
456:
450:
449:unknown rulers
447:
443:
441:
440:List of rulers
438:
417:(1832–34) and
411:Ghazi Mohammed
281:
278:
274:North Caucasus
246:Avar Nutsallhi
238:Avar Nutsaldom
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
212:
210:Russian Empire
203:
200:
199:
194:
182:
181:
176:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
85:
77:
76:
64:
57:
56:
52:
45:
44:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
32:Avar Nutsaldom
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1428:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:Shaki Khanate
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Ganja Khanate
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
989:
988:
987:
986:
976:
973:
970:
969:
967:
965:
961:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
940:
938:
935:
933:
929:
926:
924:
920:
917:
915:
911:
907:
904:
901:
897:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:Mahmud Khan I
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
846:
842:
839:
836:
833:
831:
827:
826:Umma Khan III
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
782:
778:
777:Barti-Khilava
774:
771:
769:
765:
762:
760:
756:
752:
749:
747:
743:
740:
738:
734:
731:
728:
725:
718:
714:
712:
709:, brother of
708:
704:
701:
698:
694:
691:
688:
685:
683:
679:
678:Nutsal Khan I
676:
673:
671:
667:
666:Amir-Khamza I
664:
662:
658:
655:
653:
649:
646:
644:
640:
637:
635:
632:
629:
626:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:Malik Saratan
600:
598:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
572:
569:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
546:
543:
540:
536:
533:
530:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:
437:
435:
430:
428:
427:Avar District
424:
423:Caucasian War
420:
416:
412:
408:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
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1271:29 September
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949:Nutsal-Aga I
928:Bakhu Bike I
896:Gebek Khan I
880:Gebek Khan I
841:Umma Khan IV
808:Umma Khan II
589:(since 1185)
583:(until 1185)
575:12th century
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1098:на hrono.ru
932:Umma Khan V
902:(1802—1823)
874:Umma Khan V
814:Andunik III
682:Amir-Khamza
623:Saratan III
547:, usurper (
537:, usurper (
419:Imam Shamil
413:(1828–32),
174:Preceded by
116:Sunni Islam
1385:Categories
1031:References
742:Ibrahim II
721:Гъан-булат
711:Andunik II
687:Andunik II
545:Abu Muslim
415:Hamzat Bek
379:Nader Shah
123:Government
118:(official)
850:Khankalav
779:, son of
652:Ibrahim I
648:Andunik I
634:Ibrahim I
561:Masum-bek
525:Surakat I
519:Saratan I
409:, led by
375:Shamkhals
364:Lekianoba
294:Georgians
112:Religion
70:Vakhushti
1411:Khanates
1265:Archived
1162:Archived
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657:Bulach I
453:Abuhosro
387:Chechnya
356:Safavids
354:and the
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272:(in the
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1139:10 June
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360:Islam
321:Avars
290:Sarir
197:Sarir
1273:2020
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