Knowledge

Automated fare collection

Source đź“ť

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Canada's first public transit agency, the Toronto Street Railway Co., started in 1861 with a horse-drawn streetcar service but it was not until 1912 that the City of Toronto began deliberations on fare collection. It was not until 126 years later (in 1987) that Mississauga Transit became one of the
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This is the Dutch national AFC system. It works on all types of public transport in the whole country including Bus, Tram, Metro and Train (both regional and intercity). The system is sponsored by the Dutch government and run by Translink Systems in cooperation with individual transportation
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Bus fareboxes had hitherto been much simpler devices, mechanically registering coins deposited on accumulating registration counters. Duncan’s 1973 “Faretronic” farebox was the first to electronically count coins and collect revenue/ridership data by fare class. Keene quickly followed suit,
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NX-zonal AFC systems. These railroad-style systems required complex computer data processing on faregates or remotely on a central computer, and thus were not suitable for buses. Similar systems are still in use on Japan and Taiwan’s commuter railroads, and the London Underground.
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Vigrass, J. William. The Lindenwold (New Jersey to Philadelphia) Hi-Speed Line: The First Twenty Years of the Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO). West Jersey Chapter, National Railway Historical Society, Cherry Hill, N.J.,
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Stand-alone validator – used to confirm that the media holds an appropriate travel right, and to write the usage of the media onto the media for later verification (e.g. by a conductor/inspector). Often used in
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Buneman, Kevin. Automated and Passenger-Based Transit Performance Measures. In Transportation Research Record 992, pp. 23-28, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 1984.
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Unattended devices are often called "validators", a term which originated with devices that would stamp a date/time onto paper tickets to provide proof of valid payment for a conductor.
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Ticket vending machines – where a media holder can purchase a right to travel from a self-service machine, or enquire as to the value and travel rights associated with the media
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Used to concentrate data communications with devices in a station or bus depot. Common in older AFC systems where communication lines to upper tiers were slow or unreliable.
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Ticket office terminals – where a media holder can purchase a right to travel from staff in an office, or enquire as to the value and travel rights associated with the media
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first Transit Agencies in Canada to implement an Electronic Farebox. Since then, almost every major city in Canada has adopted use of electronic fare boxes.
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AFC systems originated with tokens or paper tickets dispensed by staff or from self-service vending machines. These have generally been replaced with
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In addition to processing electronic fare media, many AFC systems have equipment on vehicles and stations that accepts cash payment in some form.
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Miller, Luther S. AFC: A Fare Deal for All – Mass Transit Automatic Fare Collection Systems. In Railway Age, Issue 5, Volume 195, May, 1994.
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Illinois Central Railroad. Illinois Central’s Gamble at Chicago: Private Breakthrough for a Public Cause. Chicago, Ill., circa 1968.
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for buses in 1997. Venerable GFI fareboxes featuring magnetic pass readers requiring cash single fares lasted in Boston until
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Fare Demonstration Project. In Headlights, Magazine of Electric Railroaders’ Association, Inc., New York, N.Y., August, 1964.
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Ford, Roger. Technology Update: Ticket Issuing and Revenue Control. In Modern Railways, Volume 41, Pages 256-257, May, 1984.
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On-vehicle validator – used by a media holder to confirm travel rights and board a vehicle (e.g. bus, tram, train)
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Rabbit contactless smart cards is an e-money system that can be used on the BTS and other mass transit networks.
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The first faregates in the United States were installed experimentally in 1964 at Forest Hills and Kew Gardens
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In environments where multiple system operators share common, interoperable media, a central system similar to
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i-Ride contactless smart card is a ride-based system that can be used in the Niagara Falls region of Ontario.
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AFC systems often consist of the following components (the "tier" terminology is common, but not universal):
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Reporting – periodic reports on performance of the AFC system, financial details and passenger movements
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have become the standard fare media in AFC systems, though many systems support multiple media types.
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Smartphone agnostic AFCS solutions and QR code for jeepneys, tricycles design with modern technology
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Notably, Canada also produces fare collection devices for various transit agencies in North America.
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Contactless smart cards for all modes of public transit in the Metro Vancouver Regional District
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More recently, contactless smart cards from bank networks have been seen more frequently in AFC.
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Supports multiple cities in Southern Ontario, used by the majority of transit operators in the
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Servers and software to provide management and oversight of the AFC system. Usually includes:
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Young, David. The Business of Fare Collection. In Mass Transit Magazine, September, 1977.
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can be used to provide financial management and other services to the operators such as:
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Contactless smart cards for transportation, supports 14 different operators since 1995.
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Example of two fare cards, Presto and Bee, used in Ontario and New Zealand respectively.
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for a comprehensive list of AFC and other systems based on contactless smart cards.)
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Contactless smart cards for transportation(Subway and Bus)+Parking meter+CharityBox
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Contactless smart cards with online purchase and automated reload capabilities
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The largest automated fare collection contract ever placed in North America.
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vendor) developing turnstile machines for entry-only subway fare collection.
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Provides a various AFC solutions and consulting services(EB Card - LDCC)
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is the collection of components that automate the ticketing system of a
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Provides a various AFC solutions and consulting services(Mybi - LDCC)
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A magnetic stripe system in the largest transit system in the USA
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Media management – support for blacklisting of lost/stolen media
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stations in Queens; the first systemwide installation was on
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Automated Opal Card fare gates at Victoria Cross Station in
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Provides a various AFC solutions and consulting services
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deal primarily with North America and do not represent a
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Supports the broadest number of modes, including tolls
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fare gates that are used at train stations across the
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Fare management – changing of fares and fare products
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Inspector/conductor device – used by staff such as a
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(See 2745: 958:First contactless smart card for transit in the 639:DyipPay Revolution Corporation - Digital Pasahe 413:Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority 375:Automated fare collection in the United States 205: 1392: 1062:Contactless smart cards for public transport 1047:Contactless smart cards for public transport 1036:Contactless smart cards for public transport 1021:Contactless smart cards for public transport 1006:Contactless smart cards for public transport 927:Contactless smart cards for public transport 852:Contactless smart cards for public transport 780:Contactless smart cards for public transport 750:Contactless smart cards for public transport 720:Contactless smart cards for public transport 705:Contactless smart cards for public transport 690:Contactless smart cards for public transport 675:Contactless smart cards for public transport 660:Contactless smart cards for public transport 509:Contactless smart cards for public transport 43:The examples and perspective in this article 882:Contactless smart cards Solutions provider. 428:Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority 1329: 1209: 561:Contactless smart cards for transportation 1399: 1385: 1358: 1249: 440:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority 332:Apportionment of revenue between operators 314:Clearing house (Central Management System) 275: 183:Since their introduction in 1997 with the 230:, where commuters can add value to their 124:. An AFC system is usually the basis for 81:Learn how and when to remove this message 1352:"Niagara Falls Transit i-Ride Pass Card" 378: 340: 279: 217: 193: 130: 92: 1335: 1215: 867:Contactless smart cards in Bangladesh. 246:so a media holder can gain access to a 14: 2746: 1364: 1255: 234:card or purchase a single trip ticket. 210:These take numerous forms, including: 114:automated fare collection (AFC) system 1380: 1289: 143: 1406: 155:Tier 1 – Devices to read/write media 139:automated fare collection gate, 2015 29: 387:used for automated fare collection. 337:Automated fare collection in Canada 24: 2571:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 417:Port Authority Transit Corporation 250:where travel services are provided 222:General ticketing machines at the 120:network – an automated version of 25: 2765: 1295: 991:Automated Fare Collection System 976:Automated Fare Collection System 448:Urban Mass Transit Administration 350:Metro Vancouver Regional District 2727: 2581:Transportation demand management 1354:. City of Niagara Falls, Canada. 1140:Forum Transit General Fact Sheet 158:Tier 2 – Depot/station computers 97:The former AFC barrier gates at 34: 18:Automated fare collection system 1344: 1304: 1264: 1224: 1200: 1127:"A History of Fares on the TTC" 164:Tier 4 – Central clearing house 1312:"What is Rabbit | rabbit" 1191: 1181: 1172: 1163: 1154: 1145: 1133: 1119: 1094: 625:Intermodal AFCS solutions and 326:Clearing and settling of funds 294: 13: 1: 1553:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 1087: 446:introducing a design meeting 320:those used in stock exchanges 171: 2609:Passenger information system 438:(CTA)’s ChicagoCard, Boston 415:(WMATA), and Philadelphia’s 242:Fare gate – often used in a 161:Tier 3 – Back office systems 7: 1747:Demand-responsive transport 1645:Medium-capacity rail system 1068: 465: 206:Devices to read/write media 57:, discuss the issue on the 10: 2770: 2510:Public transport timetable 1541:Passenger rail terminology 1336:i-Ride Card, i-Ride Card. 1216:İzmirimkart, İzmirimkart. 2723: 2627: 2594: 2541:Green transport hierarchy 2523: 2477: 2441: 2400: 2278:Automated fare collection 2263: 2132: 2032: 1998: 1938: 1890: 1852: 1715: 1531: 1414: 436:Chicago Transit Authority 397:Illinois Central Railroad 135:The inside workings of a 2576:Transportation authority 1365:Peggo Card, Peggo Card. 1256:AnkaraKart, AnkaraKart. 462:was introduced in 2006. 2754:Fare collection systems 2640:Bus rapid transit creep 2586:Transportation planning 276:Depot/station computers 268:to verify travel rights 189:contactless smart cards 2338:Manual fare collection 2318:Farebox recovery ratio 1809:Personal rapid transit 843:San Francisco Bay Area 409:Bay Area Rapid Transit 388: 352: 288: 235: 199: 140: 122:manual fare collection 109: 99:Southern Cross station 2695:Sustainable transport 2675:Passenger load factor 2490:Clock-face scheduling 2323:Free public transport 2175:Bus turnout (bus bay) 1872:Real-time ridesharing 1665:Platform screen doors 393:Long Island Rail Road 382: 344: 283: 221: 197: 178:magnetic stripe cards 134: 118:public transportation 96: 2734:Transport portal 2670:Outline of transport 2363:Reduced fare program 2333:Integrated ticketing 2288:Contract of carriage 2099:Personal transporter 1655:Narrow-gauge railway 1503:Rail replacement bus 1232:"akbil/istanbulkart" 635:Philippines Region 3 126:integrated ticketing 63:create a new article 55:improve this article 2710:Transport economics 2505:On-time performance 2500:Night (owl) service 2200:Interchange station 2079:Horse-drawn vehicle 1867:Flexible carpooling 1675:Metro/Rapid Transit 1106:blogs.worldbank.org 472:List of smart cards 152:Tier 0 – Fare media 2464:Standing passenger 1727:Auto rickshaw taxi 1697:Suspension railway 1680:Rubber-tyred metro 1603:Heritage streetcar 1508:Share taxi/Taxibus 1129:. Transit Toronto. 1108:. 27 February 2019 389: 383:Turnstiles on the 353: 289: 236: 200: 144:System description 141: 110: 2741: 2740: 2433:Transport network 2423:Non-revenue track 2089:Inclined elevator 2024:Inclined elevator 1990:Inclined elevator 1615:Higher-speed rail 1558:Airport rail link 1441:Bus rapid transit 1066: 1065: 91: 90: 83: 65:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 2761: 2732: 2731: 2650:Destination sign 2614:Platform display 2604:Destination sign 2561:Transit district 2556:Street hierarchy 2536:Complete streets 2531:Airport security 2413:Cross-city route 2358:Proof-of-payment 2328:Free travel pass 1819:Public light bus 1779:Hackney carriage 1598:Heritage railway 1583:Elevated railway 1578:Cross-city route 1498:Public light bus 1456:Cross-city route 1408:Public transport 1401: 1394: 1387: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1314:. 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1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1687:Regional rail 1685: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1568:Commuter rail 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1471:Intercity bus 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1368: 1361: 1353: 1347: 1339: 1338:"i-Ride Card" 1332: 1318:on 2014-07-29 1317: 1313: 1307: 1299: 1292: 1277: 1273: 1267: 1259: 1252: 1238:on 2017-07-08 1237: 1233: 1227: 1219: 1218:"İzmirimkart" 1212: 1203: 1194: 1184: 1175: 1166: 1157: 1148: 1141: 1136: 1128: 1122: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1093: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 979: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 964: 961: 960:United States 957: 954: 951: 949: 948:Washington DC 946: 945: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 930: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 915: 911: 909: 906: 904: 903:Niagara Falls 901: 900: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 885: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 840: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 783: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 768: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 753: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 678: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 663: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 644: 642: 638: 636: 633: 632: 628: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 613: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 598: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 583: 579: 577: 573: 570: 568: 565: 564: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 530: 528:Cashbee card 527: 524: 523: 519: 517:Cashbee card 516: 513: 512: 508: 505: 502: 501: 496: 494:OV-Chipkaart 493: 490: 489: 485: 482: 479: 478: 475: 473: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 443: 441: 437: 433: 432:parking meter 429: 425: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 386: 381: 372: 370: 366: 363:, located in 362: 357: 351: 347: 343: 331: 328: 325: 324: 323: 321: 308: 305: 302: 301: 300: 292: 287: 282: 273: 267: 263: 260: 257: 252: 249: 245: 244:train station 241: 238: 237: 233: 229: 225: 220: 213: 212: 211: 203: 196: 192: 190: 186: 181: 179: 169: 163: 160: 157: 154: 151: 150: 149: 138: 133: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 107: 104: 100: 95: 85: 82: 74: 64: 60: 56: 50: 48: 41: 32: 31: 19: 2725: 2700:Timing point 2685:Request stop 2628:Other topics 2485:Bus bunching 2469:Travel class 2428:Radial route 2408:Circle route 2392:Transit pass 2353:Penalty fare 2313:Fare evasion 2308:Fare capping 2293:Dead mileage 2277: 2250:Transit mall 1973:Gondola lift 1752:Microtransit 1660:People mover 1573:Circle route 1488:Open top bus 1451:Circle route 1367:"Peggo Card" 1360: 1346: 1331: 1320:. Retrieved 1316:the original 1306: 1291: 1280:. Retrieved 1276:the original 1266: 1258:"AnkaraKart" 1251: 1240:. Retrieved 1236:the original 1226: 1211: 1202: 1193: 1183: 1174: 1165: 1156: 1147: 1135: 1121: 1110:. Retrieved 1105: 1096: 1058:ATH.ENA CARD 848:Clipper card 731:Compass Card 606:Octopus card 576:istanbulkart 491:Netherlands 469: 444: 426: 390: 358: 354: 317: 298: 290: 271: 224:Expo station 209: 201: 185:Octopus card 182: 175: 167: 147: 113: 111: 77: 68: 44: 2705:Transit map 2680:Public good 2597:and signage 2454:First class 2368:Smart cards 2343:Money train 2205:Kassel kerb 2165:Bus station 1953:Cable ferry 1920:Ocean liner 1900:Cable ferry 1757:Paratransit 1518:Transit bus 1513:Shuttle bus 1461:Express bus 1416:Bus service 1142:Mississauga 908:i-Ride Card 893:Rabbit Card 878:Touch 'n Go 791:Presto card 746:Troika card 616:Philippines 557:İzmirimkart 498:companies. 460:CharlieCard 365:Mississauga 295:Back office 2655:Dwell time 2645:Crush load 2595:Technology 2515:Short turn 2478:Scheduling 2442:Facilities 2230:Queue jump 2150:Bus garage 2052:Carsharing 1930:Water taxi 1910:Hovercraft 1862:Car jockey 1854:Carpooling 1829:Share taxi 1799:Marshrutka 1764:Dollar van 1707:Tram-train 1635:Light rail 1630:Interurban 1593:Heavy rail 1523:Trolleybus 1483:Marshrutka 1466:Guided bus 1322:2012-08-04 1282:2013-03-20 1242:2017-07-14 1112:2021-02-23 1088:References 938:Peggo Card 858:Bangladesh 776:MetroMoney 656:AnkaraKart 627:smart city 506:Leap Card 172:Fare media 108:AFC System 71:April 2022 2619:Timetable 2348:Paid area 2298:Exit fare 2265:Ticketing 2245:Tram stop 2160:Bus stand 2133:Locations 2114:Slope car 2084:Hyperloop 2074:Escalator 2035:transport 2014:Escalator 2002:transport 1968:Funicular 1925:Vaporetto 1915:Hydrofoil 1834:Songthaew 1804:Nanny van 1789:Limousine 1732:Boda boda 1588:Funicular 1563:Cable car 1446:Charabanc 1041:Peshawar 923:Opus Card 818:MetroCard 756:Singapore 716:Opal card 696:Melbourne 621:Beep card 601:Hong Kong 480:Location 452:MetroCard 266:conductor 248:paid area 228:Singapore 103:Melbourne 59:talk page 2748:Category 2635:Boarding 2551:Security 2524:Politics 2387:Transfer 2180:Dry dock 2170:Bus stop 2155:Bus lane 2145:Bus bulb 2124:Vactrain 2104:Robotaxi 2069:Elevator 2047:Airliner 2009:Elevator 2000:Building 1983:tricable 1963:Elevator 1877:Slugging 1719:for hire 1717:Vehicles 1650:Monorail 1620:Horsecar 1546:glossary 1069:See also 1032:Kentkart 1017:Kentkart 1002:Kentkart 953:SmarTrip 933:Winnipeg 918:Montreal 888:Thailand 873:Malaysia 813:New York 801:Hamilton 681:Medellín 641:Cardless 567:Istanbul 542:E-Ticket 514:Incheon 503:Ireland 466:Examples 419:(PATCO) 411:(BART), 258:systems. 137:Japanese 53:You may 2690:Service 2495:Headway 2459:Sleeper 2401:Routing 2376:Calypso 2372:CIPURSE 2210:Layover 2140:Airport 2042:Airline 1978:bicable 1882:Vanpool 1844:Tuk tuk 1784:Jeepney 1774:Gondola 1670:Railbus 1298:"Spass" 1081:CIPURSE 1075:Calypso 1044:SANTEL 987:Ridango 982:Tallinn 972:Ridango 828:Chicago 771:Tbilisi 761:EZ-Link 629:design 591:T-money 369:Ontario 346:Compass 232:EZ-Link 106:Metcard 101:in the 2195:Harbor 2190:Hangar 2109:Shweeb 1814:Pesero 1769:Dolmuş 1640:Maglev 1493:Pesero 1476:driver 1429:driver 1053:Athens 1027:Lahore 833:Ventra 805:Ottawa 803:& 741:Moscow 711:Sydney 686:Cívica 651:Ankara 537:Tehran 525:Busan 486:Notes 483:Brand 286:Sydney 2270:fares 2033:Other 1940:Cable 1905:Ferry 1188:1990. 955:Card 863:SPass 807:Area 666:India 586:Seoul 572:akbil 552:İzmir 405:Cubic 61:, or 2268:and 2225:Port 1892:Ship 1839:Taxi 1702:Tram 1533:Rail 1434:list 1012:Doha 997:Baku 967:Kyiv 701:Myki 671:NCMC 385:MBTA 1424:Bus 458:’s 226:in 112:An 2750:: 2374:, 1104:. 799:, 367:, 180:. 128:. 2378:) 2370:( 1400:e 1393:t 1386:v 1369:. 1340:. 1325:. 1300:. 1285:. 1260:. 1245:. 1220:. 1115:. 574:/ 84:) 78:( 73:) 69:( 51:. 20:)

Index

Automated fare collection system
worldwide view
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Southern Cross station
Melbourne
Metcard
public transportation
manual fare collection
integrated ticketing

Japanese
magnetic stripe cards
Octopus card
contactless smart cards
photograph of fare cards on a red fluffy carpet, with multicoloured fairy lights in the background. the mood is warm and dark. the cards are a black presto card, and a yellow bee card

Expo station
Singapore
EZ-Link
train station
paid area
proof-of-payment
conductor

Sydney
those used in stock exchanges

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