36:
155:
20:
1668:
173:
Advantages of proof-of-payment include lower labor costs for fare collection, simpler station design, easier access for mobility-impaired passengers, easier access for those carrying packages or in case of an emergency, and a more open feel for passengers. On buses, proof-of-payment saves drivers the
102:
This method is implemented when the transit authority believes it will lose less money to the resultant fare evasion than it would cost to install and maintain a more direct collection method. It may be used in systems whose passenger volume and density are not very high most of the time—as passenger
119:
immediately following a major concert or sporting event will likely have to buy a ticket from an attendant (or show proof of payment) to gain access to the station serving the stadium. Direct fare collection methods may also be used at major hubs in systems that otherwise use POP. An example of this
185:
and other unequal enforcement as "likely fare evaders" are targeted, and regularly exposing passengers to unpleasant confrontational situations when a rider without the proper proof is detained and removed from the vehicle. Visitors unfamiliar with a system's validation requirements who innocently
114:
The honor system can be complemented with a more direct collection approach where this would be feasible—a transit authority utilizing POP will usually post fare inspectors, sometimes armed as a police force, to man entrances to stations on a discretionary basis when a high volume of passengers is
227:
in
Portland, Oregon was the first large transit agency to adopt proof of payment on its bus system, from September 1982 to April 1984, after finding that fare evasion and vandalism increased and little productivity was added through drivers waiting for fares to be paid. San Francisco's
87:, transit pass, transit smartcard - or open payment methods such as contactless credit or debit cards (if applicable) - after swiping or tapping on smart card readers, to prove that they have paid the valid fare. Fares are enforced via random spot-checks by inspectors such as
198:
of the 1960s. It has also been adopted in
Eastern Europe and Canada and has made some inroads in newer systems in the United States. The first use of the term "POP" or "Proof of Payment" on a rail line in North America is believed to have been in
95:. On many systems, a passenger can purchase a single-use ticket or multi-use pass at any time in advance, but must insert the ticket or pass into a validation machine immediately before use. Validation machines in stations or on board vehicles
103:
volumes increase, more-direct collection methods become more profitable. However, in some countries it is common even on systems with very high passenger volume. Proof-of-payment is usually applied on
276:
1392:
181:
Disadvantages include higher rates of fare evasion, reduced security on station platforms when no barrier is used, increased potential of
337:
1692:
280:
215:
systems have adopted the procedure, mainly to speed up boarding by avoiding the hassles of crowding at doors to pay fares at a
1314:
232:
system became the first North
American system-wide adopter of the proof-of-payment system on July 1, 2012 across its buses,
1306:
174:
time needed to collect fares, and makes it possible for all doors to be used for boarding. Validated tickets can double as
194:
Proof-of-payment is popular in
Germany, where it was widely introduced during the labor shortages resulting from the
1519:
1438:
484:
229:
169:
posts a proof-of-payment logo on signs throughout stations, reminding riders to purchase tickets before boarding.
330:
237:
1123:
491:
35:
1547:
1509:
441:
354:
1593:
685:
583:
1557:
1448:
1371:
1356:
479:
88:
1489:
1479:
1325:
1216:
323:
175:
108:
40:
1514:
200:
1618:
1578:
1524:
166:
91:
or enforcement officers, to ensure that passengers have paid their fares and are not committing
1276:
1256:
1000:
995:
747:
1633:
1613:
1428:
1261:
921:
603:
409:
76:
305:
1608:
1573:
1301:
1271:
1226:
1037:
916:
630:
593:
414:
132:
8:
1648:
1628:
1443:
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805:
501:
451:
399:
154:
1402:
1203:
830:
635:
618:
541:
121:
84:
28:
258:
1361:
1027:
962:
928:
553:
496:
379:
212:
195:
129:
104:
99:
the ticket. The ticket is then valid for some period of time after the stamped time.
1672:
1588:
1552:
1542:
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1494:
1474:
1469:
1351:
1266:
757:
717:
655:
536:
521:
516:
436:
394:
346:
182:
142:
Travel without a valid ticket is not usually considered a criminal offense, but a
1387:
1221:
1057:
878:
762:
732:
675:
563:
548:
125:
19:
1603:
1504:
1484:
1320:
1241:
1032:
957:
886:
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471:
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896:
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665:
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613:
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24:
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911:
690:
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511:
426:
389:
143:
92:
80:
68:
1643:
1281:
1143:
1113:
1103:
891:
858:
838:
695:
456:
306:
TCRP Report 80: A Toolkit for Self-Service, Barrier-Free Fare
Collection
1583:
1453:
1173:
1168:
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990:
868:
848:
800:
767:
737:
702:
645:
573:
568:
531:
461:
446:
421:
404:
367:
233:
204:
96:
1286:
1236:
1183:
1098:
1052:
1022:
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906:
863:
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772:
742:
727:
670:
526:
384:
208:
707:
1118:
1108:
1093:
1083:
1062:
1042:
1007:
985:
947:
938:
901:
815:
588:
558:
315:
186:
misunderstand the rules are especially likely to get into trouble.
159:
136:
1433:
1310:
1148:
1078:
980:
820:
792:
722:
712:
608:
216:
116:
48:
257:
Wagner, Daniel; Harper, Wesley; Schueftan, Oliver (1986-09-01).
1133:
1128:
1047:
752:
578:
431:
224:
843:
44:
79:
systems. Instead of checking each passenger as they enter a
1208:
1163:
777:
640:
72:
362:
309:
220:
259:"Self-Service Fare Collection on Buses in Portland, OR"
219:
beside the driver as is common practice on traditional
277:"Muni to begin all-door boarding for buses on July 1"
256:
1684:
240:, allowing boarding on all the available doors.
236:and heritage streetcars, with the exception of
149:
115:expected. For example, transit users leaving a
331:
16:Public transportation fare collection system
338:
324:
83:zone, passengers are required to carry a
279:. San Francisco Examiner. Archived from
153:
34:
18:
1685:
39:Ticket hall with open barrier line in
319:
107:rail and road vehicles as well as on
345:
13:
1510:Transit-oriented development (TOD)
14:
1704:
299:
189:
1693:Public transport fare collection
1666:
1520:Transportation demand management
75:collection system used on many
269:
250:
203:in 1980. Since then, many new
1:
492:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit
1548:Passenger information system
150:Advantages and disadvantages
7:
686:Demand-responsive transport
584:Medium-capacity rail system
10:
1709:
1449:Public transport timetable
480:Passenger rail terminology
146:or a fine can be charged.
1662:
1566:
1533:
1480:Green transport hierarchy
1462:
1416:
1380:
1339:
1217:Automated fare collection
1202:
1071:
971:
937:
877:
829:
791:
654:
470:
353:
41:Niittykumpu metro station
1515:Transportation authority
243:
1579:Bus rapid transit creep
1525:Transportation planning
167:San Francisco Peninsula
1277:Manual fare collection
1257:Farebox recovery ratio
748:Personal rapid transit
170:
109:automatically operated
51:
32:
23:POP payment center in
1634:Sustainable transport
1614:Passenger load factor
1429:Clock-face scheduling
1262:Free public transport
1114:Bus turnout (bus bay)
811:Real-time ridesharing
604:Platform screen doors
157:
77:public transportation
38:
22:
1673:Transport portal
1609:Outline of transport
1302:Reduced fare program
1272:Integrated ticketing
1227:Contract of carriage
1038:Personal transporter
594:Narrow-gauge railway
442:Rail replacement bus
1649:Transport economics
1444:On-time performance
1439:Night (owl) service
1139:Interchange station
1018:Horse-drawn vehicle
806:Flexible carpooling
614:Metro/Rapid Transit
105:one-person operated
1403:Standing passenger
666:Auto rickshaw taxi
636:Suspension railway
619:Rubber-tyred metro
542:Heritage streetcar
447:Share taxi/Taxibus
171:
122:Tower City station
52:
33:
29:Select Bus Service
1680:
1679:
1372:Transport network
1362:Non-revenue track
1028:Inclined elevator
963:Inclined elevator
929:Inclined elevator
554:Higher-speed rail
497:Airport rail link
380:Bus rapid transit
283:on April 26, 2012
263:TriMet Collection
213:bus rapid transit
130:RTA Rapid Transit
1700:
1671:
1670:
1589:Destination sign
1553:Platform display
1543:Destination sign
1500:Transit district
1495:Street hierarchy
1475:Complete streets
1470:Airport security
1352:Cross-city route
1297:Proof-of-payment
1267:Free travel pass
758:Public light bus
718:Hackney carriage
537:Heritage railway
522:Elevated railway
517:Cross-city route
437:Public light bus
395:Cross-city route
347:Public transport
340:
333:
326:
317:
316:
293:
292:
290:
288:
273:
267:
266:
254:
196:Economic Miracle
183:racial profiling
55:Proof-of-payment
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1665:
1658:
1562:
1535:
1529:
1458:
1412:
1388:Checked baggage
1376:
1335:
1222:Bus advertising
1206:
1198:
1067:
1058:Trackless train
1001:Scooter-sharing
996:Bicycle-sharing
973:
967:
933:
873:
825:
787:
763:Pulled rickshaw
733:Motorcycle taxi
676:Combination bus
657:
650:
564:Inter-city rail
549:High-speed rail
466:
349:
344:
302:
297:
296:
286:
284:
275:
274:
270:
255:
251:
246:
192:
178:between lines.
165:line along the
152:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1706:
1696:
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1678:
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1621:
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1611:
1606:
1604:Land transport
1601:
1596:
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1576:
1570:
1568:
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1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Transit police
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1485:Rail subsidies
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1477:
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1390:
1384:
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1378:
1377:
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1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:Network length
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Ticket machine
1318:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
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1259:
1254:
1249:
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1242:Fare avoidance
1239:
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1199:
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1124:Ferry terminal
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1075:
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1033:Moving walkway
1030:
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1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
988:
983:
977:
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958:Moving walkway
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944:
942:
935:
934:
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919:
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904:
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887:Aerial tramway
883:
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745:
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715:
710:
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693:
683:
681:Cycle rickshaw
678:
673:
668:
662:
660:
652:
651:
649:
648:
643:
638:
633:
631:Street running
628:
623:
622:
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581:
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566:
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357:
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328:
320:
314:
313:
301:
300:External links
298:
295:
294:
268:
248:
247:
245:
242:
191:
190:Worldwide uses
188:
151:
148:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1705:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1675:
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1661:
1655:
1654:Micromobility
1652:
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1599:Hail and ride
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1243:
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1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1194:Transport hub
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Train station
1177:
1175:
1174:Taxicab stand
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1159:Park and ride
1157:
1155:
1154:Metro station
1152:
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1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
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1120:
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1002:
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987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
976:
970:
964:
961:
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956:
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951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
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936:
930:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:Cable railway
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
880:
876:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
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840:
837:
836:
834:
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664:
663:
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629:
627:
626:Regional rail
624:
620:
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507:Commuter rail
505:
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486:
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410:Intercity bus
408:
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226:
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206:
202:
197:
187:
184:
179:
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168:
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163:commuter rail
161:
156:
147:
145:
140:
138:
135:, which uses
134:
131:
127:
123:
118:
112:
110:
106:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:proof-of-fare
59:
56:
50:
46:
42:
37:
30:
26:
25:New York City
21:
1664:
1639:Timing point
1624:Request stop
1567:Other topics
1424:Bus bunching
1408:Travel class
1367:Radial route
1347:Circle route
1331:Transit pass
1296:
1292:Penalty fare
1252:Fare evasion
1247:Fare capping
1232:Dead mileage
1189:Transit mall
912:Gondola lift
691:Microtransit
599:People mover
512:Circle route
427:Open top bus
390:Circle route
285:. Retrieved
281:the original
271:
262:
252:
193:
180:
172:
144:penalty fare
141:
113:
111:rail lines.
101:
93:fare evasion
85:paper ticket
81:fare control
64:
61:
57:
54:
53:
1644:Transit map
1619:Public good
1536:and signage
1393:First class
1307:Smart cards
1282:Money train
1144:Kassel kerb
1104:Bus station
892:Cable ferry
859:Ocean liner
839:Cable ferry
696:Paratransit
457:Transit bus
452:Shuttle bus
400:Express bus
355:Bus service
27:, used for
1594:Dwell time
1584:Crush load
1534:Technology
1454:Short turn
1417:Scheduling
1381:Facilities
1169:Queue jump
1089:Bus garage
991:Carsharing
869:Water taxi
849:Hovercraft
801:Car jockey
793:Carpooling
768:Share taxi
738:Marshrutka
703:Dollar van
646:Tram-train
574:Light rail
569:Interurban
532:Heavy rail
462:Trolleybus
422:Marshrutka
405:Guided bus
238:cable cars
234:light rail
205:light rail
97:time stamp
89:conductors
1558:Timetable
1287:Paid area
1237:Exit fare
1204:Ticketing
1184:Tram stop
1099:Bus stand
1072:Locations
1053:Slope car
1023:Hyperloop
1013:Escalator
974:transport
953:Escalator
941:transport
907:Funicular
864:Vaporetto
854:Hydrofoil
773:Songthaew
743:Nanny van
728:Limousine
671:Boda boda
527:Funicular
502:Cable car
385:Charabanc
287:March 17,
209:streetcar
176:transfers
137:faregates
126:Cleveland
1687:Category
1574:Boarding
1490:Security
1463:Politics
1326:Transfer
1119:Dry dock
1109:Bus stop
1094:Bus lane
1084:Bus bulb
1063:Vactrain
1043:Robotaxi
1008:Elevator
986:Airliner
948:Elevator
939:Building
922:tricable
902:Elevator
816:Slugging
658:for hire
656:Vehicles
589:Monorail
559:Horsecar
485:glossary
201:Edmonton
160:Caltrain
133:Red Line
1629:Service
1434:Headway
1398:Sleeper
1340:Routing
1315:Calypso
1311:CIPURSE
1149:Layover
1079:Airport
981:Airline
917:bicable
821:Vanpool
783:Tuk tuk
723:Jeepney
713:Gondola
609:Railbus
217:farebox
120:is the
117:stadium
71:-based
49:Finland
1134:Harbor
1129:Hangar
1048:Shweeb
753:Pesero
708:Dolmuş
579:Maglev
432:Pesero
415:driver
368:driver
225:TriMet
211:, and
67:is an
31:lines.
1209:fares
972:Other
879:Cable
844:Ferry
244:Notes
221:buses
69:honor
65:(POF)
58:(POP)
45:Espoo
1207:and
1164:Port
831:Ship
778:Taxi
641:Tram
472:Rail
373:list
289:2012
230:MUNI
158:The
73:fare
363:Bus
310:PDF
128:'s
124:on
60:or
1689::
1313:,
261:.
223:.
207:,
139:.
47:,
43:,
1317:)
1309:(
339:e
332:t
325:v
312:)
308:(
291:.
265:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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