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Australo-Melanesian

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988:"There are considered to be four basic ancestry groups into which an individual can be placed by physical appearance, not accounting for admixture: the sub-Saharan African group ("Negroid"), the European group ("Caucasoid"), the Central Asian group ("Mongoloid"), and the Australasian group ("Australoid"). The rather outdated names of all but one of these groups were originally derived from geography" 276: 582:
The suggested Australo-Melanesian ancestry of the original South Asian populations has long remained an open question. It was embraced by Indian anthropologists as emphasising the deep antiquity of Indian prehistory. Australo-Melanesian hunter-gatherer and fisherman tribes of the interior of India
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expounded his system of five races (Australoid, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Congoid and Capoid) with separate origins. Based on such evidence as claiming Australoids had the largest, megadont teeth, this group was assessed by Coon as being the most archaic and therefore the most primitive and backward.
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The Pan-Asian genome project concluded that Negrito populations in Malaysia and the Negrito populations in the Philippines were more closely related to non-Negrito local populations, rather than to each other, highlighting the non-existence of a distinct Australo-Melanesian grouping.
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stated: "The belief in “races” as natural aspects of human biology, and the structures of inequality (racism) that emerge from such beliefs, are among the most damaging elements in the human experience both today and in the past."
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The term "Australoid" was coined in ethnology in the mid 19th century, describing tribes or populations "of the type of native Australians". The term "Australioid race" was introduced by
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Terms associated with outdated notions of racial types, such as those ending in "-oid" have come to be seen as potentially offensive and related to
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under the Australoid category, specifically "in a well-marked form" among the hill tribes of the Deccan Plateau. Huxley further classified the
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ancestry are certain Munda-speaking groups (Munda, Bonda, Gadaba, Santals) and certain Dravidian-speaking groups (Maria, Muria, Gond, Oroan).
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Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (February 2017).
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names the tribes of Chota Nagpur, the Baiga, Gond, Bhil, Santal and Oroan tribes; counted as of partial Australoid and partial
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The inclusion of Indian tribes in the group was not well-defined, and was closely related to the question of the original
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Coon's methods and conclusions were later discredited and show either a "poor understanding of human cultural history and
2294: 1585: 502: 1249: 816: 2198: 2142: 974: 947: 869: 753: 2325: 2166: 542: 116:, and Australoid) was introduced in the 18th century and further developed by Western scholars in the context of " 2158: 2022: 1972: 1957: 1595: 1395: 902:
Huxley, Thomas. On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. 14 August 2006.
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Huxley, Thomas On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind. 1870. August 14, 2006
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concludes in 2016: "he answer to the question whether races exist in humans is clear and unambiguous: no."
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In 1953, the Australoid race were believed to be part of the "Archaic Caucasoid race", along with
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South Indian tribes specifically described as having Australo-Melanesian affinities include the
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Templeton, A. (2016). "Evolution and Notions of Human Race". In Losos, J.; Lenski, R. (eds.).
964: 937: 128:, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. In 2019, the 2206: 2062: 2042: 1987: 1619: 1123: 1042: 845: 783: 743: 576: 158: 1847: 1115: 2259: 1977: 1942: 1757: 1287: 715: 236: 1006: 8: 1922: 1872: 1817: 1697: 913: 606:
themselves have been claimed as originally of Australo-Melanesian stock, a view held by
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That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in:
1158: 1028: 391: 387: 248: 228:; their hair as usually silky, black and wavy or curly, with large, heavy jaws and 917: 903: 891: 2092: 2047: 1937: 1907: 1782: 1767: 1707: 1644: 1540: 1334: 1074: 859: 698:
After discussing various criteria used in biology to define subspecies or races,
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is used for morphological features characteristic of Aboriginal Australians by
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The concept of dividing humankind into three, four or five races (often called
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Ethnobotany of India, Volume 5: The Indo-Gangetic Region and Central India
201:, and Australioid). His original model included the native inhabitants of 2289: 2279: 1882: 1692: 1639: 1513: 1453: 1448: 588: 534: 462: 358: 286: 229: 218: 121: 70: 2284: 2274: 1992: 1897: 1727: 1717: 1687: 1530: 1498: 1463: 1405: 1212: 720: 603: 538: 480: 453: 306: 146: 55: 918:
On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind
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On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind
1535: 776:"Cranial Morphology of the Vedda people - the indigenes of Sri Lanka" 761: 550: 398: 257: 253: 194: 109: 105: 94: 47: 43: 1276:"The Human Genetic History of East Asia: Weaving a Complex Tapestry" 2254: 1634: 1157:. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 346–361. 775: 662: 646: 575:, and the possible shared ancestry between Indian, Andamanese, and 349: 125: 815:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists (27 March 2019).
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An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
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How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society
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An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People
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Stoneking, Mark; Delfin, Frederick (23 February 2010).
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Mhaiske, Vinod M., Patil, Vinayak K., Narkhede, S. S.,
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The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy
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The Journal of the Indian archipelago and eastern Asia
864:. Krieger Publishing Company. pp. 20, 128, 267. 742:
Pullaiah, T; Krishnamurthy, KV; Bahadur, Bir (2017).
683: 521:(from the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean), the 931: 929: 1364: 145:in 1870 to refer to certain peoples indigenous to 130:American Association of Biological Anthropologists 1021: 50:. Controversially, some groups found in parts of 2307: 1254:American Association of Physical Anthropologists 1246:American Association of Physical Anthropologists 926: 907: 821:American Association of Physical Anthropologists 1273: 1099:Anthropology of B.S. Guha: a centenary tribute 2136:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 1350: 1144: 962: 935: 922:Journal of the Ethnological Society of London 1135: 2128:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question 1357: 1343: 810: 808: 806: 553:tribal populations in the interior of the 2152:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century 1299: 1228: 1201:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1150: 969:. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 127. 956: 767: 690:Genetic studies on Indigenous Australians 136: 1073:Sarat Chandra Roy (Ral Bahadur) (2000). 274: 235:The term "Proto-Australoid" was used by 224:Huxley (1870) described Australioids as 1136:Beals, Ralph L.; Hoijer, Harry (1953). 999:"Ask Oxford – Definition of Australoid" 857: 803: 737: 735: 221:(northern Europeans) and Australioids. 2308: 1743:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon 991: 939:Race and racism : an Introduction 773: 579:populations of the Upper Paleolithic. 1338: 963:Black, Sue; Ferguson, Eilidh (2011). 185:) racial group was first proposed by 1027: 732: 2295:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness 1250:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism" 966:Forensic Anthropology: 2000 to 2010 817:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism" 13: 1140:. New York: The Macmillan Company. 684:Criticism based on modern genetics 14: 2337: 2200:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 2120:The Outline of History of Mankind 1112:Forest Tribology And Anthropology 1097:R. R. Bhattacharya et al. (eds., 16:Outdated grouping of human beings 2168:Heredity in Relation to Eugenics 543:ethnic groups in the Philippines 270: 42:of various people indigenous to 1267: 1187: 1138:An Introduction to Anthropology 1129: 1104: 1091: 1066: 1053: 2321:Historical definitions of race 2160:Race Life of the Aryan Peoples 1366:Historical definitions of race 896: 885: 851: 834: 58:were also sometimes included. 1: 2184:The Passing of the Great Race 726: 549:of Sri Lanka and a number of 529:peoples (from Malaysia), the 2083:Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer 1003:Oxford Dictionary of English 513:The populations grouped as " 282:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 61:While most authors included 7: 1798:Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt 1763:Houston Stewart Chamberlain 1713:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach 709: 10: 2342: 936:Fluehr-Lobban, C. (2005). 687: 124:. With the rise of modern 97:tribal populations of the 2242: 2101: 1893:Georges Vacher de Lapouge 1670: 1568: 1424: 1381: 1372: 1301:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.052 748:. CRC Press. p. 26. 583:were identified with the 260:for a racialist agenda." 2265:History of anthropometry 2033:Charles Gabriel Seligman 1858:Frederick Ludwig Hoffman 1546:Sinodonty and Sundadonty 1079:. A. K. Bose. p. 59 1076:Man in India - Volume 80 861:Anthropological Glossary 2326:Biological anthropology 1723:Daniel Garrison Brinton 858:Pearson, Roger (1985). 2068:Thomas Griffith Taylor 1823:Reginald Ruggles Gates 1163:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26 1029:Coon, Carleton Stevens 1005:. 2018. Archived from 791:Cite journal requires 563:Austroasiatic-speaking 510: 217:) as a mixture of the 167:Daniel John Cunningham 137:Terminological history 67:Aboriginal Australians 2208:Annihilation of Caste 2112:in Different Climates 2063:William Graham Sumner 2043:Samuel Stanhope Smith 1988:James Cowles Prichard 1620:Racial discrimination 1043:The Macmillan Company 774:Kulatilake, Samanti. 533:(from Thailand), the 278: 241:Racial History of Man 181:, with an additional 159:physical anthropology 2260:Great chain of being 1978:Ludwig Hermann Plate 1943:Samuel George Morton 1758:Samuel A. Cartwright 1608:in the United States 1120:The Peoples of Assam 1118:. Bhuban Mohan Das, 716:Austronesian peoples 541:, and certain other 237:Roland Burrage Dixon 171:Text-book of Anatomy 120:" during the age of 20:Australo-Melanesians 2216:The Races of Europe 2144:The Races of Europe 1923:Dominick McCausland 1873:Thomas Henry Huxley 1818:Stanley Marion Garn 1698:Robert Bennett Bean 1426:Historical concepts 1292:2010CBio...20.R188S 1034:The Races of Europe 602:Alternatively, the 555:Indian subcontinent 245:The Origin of Races 99:Indian subcontinent 40:historical grouping 2088:Alexander Winchell 2018:Henric Sanielevici 1878:Calvin Ira Kephart 1848:Hans F. K. GĂŒnther 1833:Arthur de Gobineau 1733:Alice Mossie Brues 1630:Racial stereotypes 1213:10.1002/ajpa.23120 840:J.R. Logan (ed.), 608:Biraja Sankar Guha 599:stratum in India. 559:Dravidian-speaking 511: 407: North Mongol 215:Mediterranean race 93:", or a number of 28:Australomelanesoid 2303: 2302: 2232:The Race Question 2078:John H. Van Evrie 2003:William Z. Ripley 1973:Charles Pickering 1918:Felix von Luschan 1888:Robert E. Kuttner 1788:Charles Davenport 1657:Whiteness studies 1383:Color terminology 1375:Scientific racism 1248:(27 March 2019). 1172:978-1-4008-8138-3 1061:Prehistoric India 700:Alan R. Templeton 694:Race and genetics 676:, Dravidians and 587:described in the 573:peopling of India 509: 508: 265:scientific racism 118:racist ideologies 38:) is an outdated 2333: 2111: 2058:Lothrop Stoddard 2053:Morris Steggerda 2028:Ilse Schwidetzky 2023:Heinrich Schmidt 2008:Alfred Rosenberg 1968:Isaac La PeyrĂšre 1773:Carleton S. Coon 1748:Charles Caldwell 1703:François Bernier 1586:in Latin America 1359: 1352: 1345: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1329: 1303: 1286:(4): R188–R193. 1271: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1242: 1232: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1133: 1127: 1108: 1102: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1070: 1064: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1014: 995: 989: 987: 985: 983: 960: 954: 953: 933: 924: 911: 905: 900: 894: 889: 883: 882: 880: 878: 855: 849: 838: 832: 831: 829: 827: 812: 801: 800: 794: 789: 787: 779: 771: 765: 759: 739: 653:of Malabar, the 597:Australo-Veddaic 500: 487: 478: 469: 460: 451: 438: 425: 412: 406: 385: 374: 365: 356: 347: 338: 322: 313: 304: 292: 291: 213:(Peoples of the 36:Australioid race 2341: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2238: 2176:Castes in India 2097: 2093:Ludwig Woltmann 2048:Herbert Spencer 1938:Lewis H. Morgan 1908:Cesare Lombroso 1783:Jan Czekanowski 1768:Sonia Mary Cole 1708:Renato Biasutti 1666: 1645:Nazism and race 1564: 1541:Proto-Mongoloid 1420: 1377: 1368: 1363: 1333: 1280:Current Biology 1272: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1192: 1188: 1173: 1149: 1145: 1134: 1130: 1109: 1105: 1096: 1092: 1082: 1080: 1071: 1067: 1058: 1054: 1026: 1022: 1012: 1010: 1009:on 27 June 2018 997: 996: 992: 981: 979: 977: 961: 957: 950: 934: 927: 912: 908: 901: 897: 890: 886: 876: 874: 872: 856: 852: 839: 835: 825: 823: 813: 804: 792: 790: 781: 780: 772: 768: 756: 740: 733: 729: 712: 696: 686: 637:of Kerala, the 593:Panchanan Mitra 585:Nishada Kingdom 517:", such as the 505: 498: 496: 485: 483: 476: 474: 467: 465: 458: 456: 449: 447: 436: 434: 423: 421: 410: 408: 404: 394: 383: 380: 379: 372: 370: 363: 361: 354: 352: 345: 343: 336: 328: 327: 320: 318: 311: 309: 302: 290: 273: 226:dolichocephalic 139: 83:Solomon Islands 22:(also known as 17: 12: 11: 5: 2339: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2228: 2220: 2212: 2204: 2196: 2188: 2180: 2172: 2164: 2156: 2148: 2146:(Ripley, 1899) 2140: 2132: 2124: 2116: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2038:Giuseppe Sergi 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1998:Gustaf Retzius 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1948:Josiah C. Nott 1945: 1940: 1935: 1933:Ashley Montagu 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1913:Bertil Lundman 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1863:Earnest Hooton 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1828:George Gliddon 1825: 1820: 1815: 1813:Francis Galton 1810: 1805: 1803:AntĂ©nor Firmin 1800: 1795: 1793:Joseph Deniker 1790: 1785: 1780: 1778:Georges Cuvier 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1650:Racial hygiene 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1583: 1574: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1441: 1436: 1430: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1387: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1339: 1332: 1331: 1266: 1207:(2): 318–327. 1186: 1181:j.ctv7h0s6j.26 1171: 1143: 1128: 1103: 1101:(1996), p. 50. 1090: 1065: 1063:(1923), p. 48. 1052: 1020: 990: 975: 955: 948: 925: 906: 895: 884: 870: 850: 833: 802: 793:|journal= 766: 754: 730: 728: 725: 724: 723: 718: 711: 708: 685: 682: 610:among others. 507: 506: 497: 484: 475: 466: 457: 448: 435: 422: 409: 403: 395: 382: 371: 362: 353: 344: 335: 319: 310: 301: 279: 272: 269: 256:or his use of 151:Southeast Asia 138: 135: 52:Southeast Asia 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2338: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2316:Pseudoscience 2314: 2313: 2311: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2270:Miscegenation 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2073:Paul Topinard 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2013:Benjamin Rush 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1983:Alfred Ploetz 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1963:Oscar Peschel 1961: 1959: 1958:Roger Pearson 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1928:John Mitchell 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1903:Carl Linnaeus 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1868:Julian Huxley 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1853:Ernst Haeckel 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1838:Madison Grant 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1808:Eugen Fischer 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1753:Petrus Camper 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1678:Louis Agassiz 1676: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1509:Mediterranean 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1367: 1360: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1147: 1139: 1132: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1100: 1094: 1078: 1077: 1069: 1062: 1056: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1008: 1004: 1000: 994: 978: 976:9781439845899 972: 968: 967: 959: 951: 949:9780759107953 945: 941: 940: 932: 930: 923: 919: 915: 914:Huxley, T. H. 910: 904: 899: 893: 888: 873: 871:9780898745108 867: 863: 862: 854: 847: 843: 837: 822: 818: 811: 809: 807: 798: 785: 777: 770: 763: 757: 755:9781351741316 751: 747: 746: 738: 736: 731: 722: 719: 717: 714: 713: 707: 703: 701: 695: 691: 681: 679: 675: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 609: 605: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 580: 578: 574: 569: 567: 566:Munda peoples 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 504: 495: 491: 482: 473: 464: 455: 446: 442: 433: 429: 420: 416: 401: 400: 396: 393: 389: 378: 369: 360: 351: 342: 341:African Negro 333: 332: 326: 317: 308: 299: 298: 294: 293: 288: 284: 283: 277: 271:Controversies 268: 266: 261: 259: 255: 250: 249:Carleton Coon 246: 242: 238: 233: 231: 227: 222: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 187:Thomas Huxley 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 143:Thomas Huxley 134: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 102: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 79:New Caledonia 76: 73:(mainly from 72: 68: 64: 59: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 25: 24:Australasians 21: 2250:Ethnogenesis 2231: 2223: 2218:(Coon, 1939) 2215: 2207: 2199: 2191: 2183: 2175: 2167: 2159: 2151: 2143: 2135: 2127: 2119: 2109: 2102:Publications 1953:Karl Pearson 1843:John Grattan 1738:Halfdan Bryn 1603:in Singapore 1570:Sociological 1433: 1283: 1279: 1269: 1257:. Retrieved 1253: 1204: 1200: 1189: 1153: 1146: 1137: 1131: 1119: 1111: 1106: 1098: 1093: 1081:. Retrieved 1075: 1068: 1060: 1055: 1033: 1023: 1011:. Retrieved 1007:the original 993: 980:. Retrieved 965: 958: 938: 921: 909: 898: 887: 875:. Retrieved 860: 853: 841: 836: 824:. Retrieved 820: 784:cite journal 769: 744: 704: 697: 671: 612: 601: 596: 581: 570: 551:dark-skinned 547:Vedda people 531:Maniq people 512: 397: 376: 329: 295: 287:ethnographic 285:(1885–1890) 280: 262: 244: 240: 234: 223: 190: 189:in an essay 182: 178: 174: 170: 162: 140: 103: 95:dark-skinned 60: 35: 31: 27: 23: 19: 18: 2290:Pre-Adamite 2280:Multiracial 1883:Robert Knox 1693:John Beddoe 1640:Master race 1596:in Colombia 1484:East Baltic 1045:. pp.  589:Mahabharata 561:tribes and 535:Aeta people 481:Micronesian 419:Indochinese 243:(1923). In 230:prognathism 219:Xanthochroi 211:Melanochroi 175:Australioid 173:(1902). An 122:colonialism 71:Melanesians 2310:Categories 2285:Polygenism 2275:Monogenism 1993:Otto Reche 1898:Fritz Lenz 1728:Paul Broca 1718:Franz Boas 1688:Erwin Baur 1683:John Baker 1577:By region 1434:Australoid 1243:See also: 1059:P. Mitra, 877:2 February 727:References 721:Orang Asli 688:See also: 604:Dravidians 539:Ati people 519:Andamanese 463:Polynesian 381:Uncertain: 377:Australoid 359:Melanesian 163:Australoid 56:South Asia 32:Australoid 1662:NĂ©gritude 1591:in Brazil 1536:Mongoloid 1444:Caucasoid 1310:0960-9822 1221:0002-9483 920:" (1870) 762:Mongoloid 659:Kannikars 399:Mongoloid 392:Sinhalese 297:Caucasoid 258:ethnology 254:evolution 195:Mongoloid 110:Mongoloid 106:Caucasoid 48:Australia 44:Melanesia 2255:Eugenics 1635:Colorism 1581:in India 1489:Ethiopid 1469:Atlantid 1459:Armenoid 1326:18777315 1318:20178766 1239:27874171 1122:(1987), 1114:(2016), 1039:New York 1031:(1939). 844:(1859), 710:See also 667:Chenchus 663:Muthuvan 651:Paniyans 647:Nilgiris 577:Sahulian 503:American 432:Japanese 350:Khoikhoi 247:(1962), 126:genetics 2243:Related 1671:Writers 1615:Passing 1558:Negrito 1553:Negroid 1524:Turanid 1519:Semites 1494:Hamites 1479:Dinaric 1474:Caspian 1288:Bibcode 1259:19 June 1230:5299519 1013:28 June 826:19 June 645:of the 639:Kurumba 515:Negrito 445:Burmese 441:Tibetan 415:Chinese 388:Dravida 368:Negrito 331:Negroid 325:Hamitic 316:Semitic 239:in his 199:Negroid 169:in his 155:Oceania 114:Negroid 91:Negrito 87:Vanuatu 63:Papuans 26:or the 2234:(1950) 2226:(1943) 2210:(1936) 2202:(1930) 2194:(1920) 2186:(1916) 2178:(1916) 2170:(1911) 2162:(1907) 2154:(1899) 2138:(1855) 2130:(1849) 2122:(1785) 2114:(1744) 1625:Racism 1514:Nordic 1504:Iranid 1454:Arabid 1449:Alpine 1439:Capoid 1396:Bronze 1324:  1316:  1308:  1237:  1227:  1219:  1179:  1169:  1083:21 May 982:3 July 973:  946:  868:  752:  678:Veddas 655:Uralis 649:, the 635:Kadars 633:, the 623:Santal 557:(some 545:, the 537:, the 523:Semang 501:  499:  492:& 490:Eskimo 488:  486:  479:  477:  470:  468:  461:  459:  452:  450:  443:& 439:  437:  430:& 428:Korean 426:  424:  417:& 413:  411:  405:  390:& 386:  384:  375:  373:  366:  364:  357:  355:  348:  346:  339:  337:  323:  321:  314:  312:  307:Aryans 305:  303:  203:Deccan 1531:Malay 1499:Indid 1464:Aryan 1416:White 1406:Olive 1401:Brown 1391:Black 1322:S2CID 1177:JSTOR 1124:p. 78 1049:–431. 846:p. 68 674:Ainus 643:Irula 631:Gondi 619:Munda 615:Oraon 527:Batek 494:Inuit 472:Maori 454:Malay 207:India 157:. In 147:South 1314:PMID 1306:ISSN 1261:2020 1235:PMID 1217:ISSN 1167:ISBN 1116:p. 5 1085:2018 1015:2018 984:2018 971:ISBN 944:ISBN 879:2018 866:ISBN 828:2020 797:help 750:ISBN 692:and 665:and 641:and 627:Bhil 525:and 153:and 149:and 85:and 75:Fiji 69:and 54:and 46:and 1411:Red 1296:doi 1225:PMC 1209:doi 1205:162 1159:doi 1047:425 591:. 289:map 205:in 183:-i- 179:sic 34:or 2312:: 1320:. 1312:. 1304:. 1294:. 1284:20 1282:. 1278:. 1252:. 1233:. 1223:. 1215:. 1203:. 1199:. 1175:. 1165:. 1041:: 1037:. 1001:. 928:^ 819:. 805:^ 788:: 786:}} 782:{{ 734:^ 680:. 669:. 661:, 657:, 629:, 625:, 621:, 617:, 267:. 197:, 161:, 112:, 108:, 101:. 81:, 77:, 65:, 30:, 1358:e 1351:t 1344:v 1328:. 1298:: 1290:: 1263:. 1241:. 1211:: 1183:. 1161:: 1126:. 1087:. 1017:. 986:. 952:. 916:" 881:. 848:. 830:. 799:) 795:( 778:. 758:. 402:: 334:: 300:: 177:(

Index

historical grouping
Melanesia
Australia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Papuans
Aboriginal Australians
Melanesians
Fiji
New Caledonia
Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
Negrito
dark-skinned
Indian subcontinent
Caucasoid
Mongoloid
Negroid
racist ideologies
colonialism
genetics
American Association of Biological Anthropologists
Thomas Huxley
South
Southeast Asia
Oceania
physical anthropology
Daniel John Cunningham
Thomas Huxley
Mongoloid

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