Knowledge

Australia Day debate

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108: 120: 128: 63: 405: 639: 511: 753:, 70% believe it is the best date for Australia Day, and 27% believe it is not. The report includes demographic factors which affect people's response, such as age, level of education, and state or territory of residence. Those who did not support 26 January as the best date then indicated their support for an alternative date. The three most supported dates were 27 May, 1 January and 8 May. 80:, lacks national significance; that the day falls during school holidays which limits the engagement of schoolchildren in the event; and that it fails to encompass members of the Indigenous community and some others who perceive the day as commemorating the date of an invasion of their land. Connected to this is the suggestion that moving the date would be seen as a significant symbolic act. 382: 786:
reported in January 2021 that 28% were in support of changing the date, 24% were neutral and 48% did not support changing the date. 49% believed that the date would change within the next decade and 41% believed that selecting a new date would improve the lives of Indigenous Australians. Results were
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An IPA poll commissioned in December 2020 and published in January 2021 showed that support for changing the date had remained a minority position. In January 2021, an Essential poll reported that 53% supported a separate day to recognise Indigenous Australians; however only 18% of these thought that
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poll found that 64% said that 26 January should be known as "Australia Day". A majority of respondents under 35 favoured "Invasion Day", as did a majority of Greens supporters. Support for the name "Australia Day" was up across every age group compared to the year prior, with support for the name up
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A January 2022 IPA poll found 65% were opposed to changing the date, including 47% of 18–24 year olds, with 15% of the general population and 25% of 18–24 year olds in favour of changing it. However an Essential poll around the same time reported growing support for a change of date or an additional
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Both before the establishment of Australia Day as the national day of Australia, and in the years after its creation, several dates have been proposed for its celebration and, at various times, the possibility of moving Australia Day to an alternative date has been mooted. Some reasons put forward
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in addition to the existing date, which is often referred to as Invasion Day by opponents. Polling has shown a marked shift towards support for a change of date or second day of celebration since 2000, though around two thirds of respondents in recent years have supported the current date. Various
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found that 68% of Australians felt positive about Australia Day, 19% were indifferent and 7% had mixed feelings, with 6% feeling negative about Australia Day. Among Indigenous Australians, however, only 23% felt positive about Australia Day, 31% were negative and 30% had mixed feelings, with 54%
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The Two Australia Day campaign proposes that January 25 should be "First Australians Day" – a mourning for the last unspoiled day of Indigenous life – and that January 26 should be rebranded as "New Australians Day", a day to celebrate Australia's rich history of immigration. This idea was first
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since 2015 suggests that the number of people celebrating Australia Day is declining, indicating a shift in attitudes. In 2019, 40% celebrated the day; in 2020, 34%, and in 2021 it was down to 29% of over 1000 people surveyed. In 2021, 53% said that they were treating the day as just a public
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A large gathering of Aboriginal people in Sydney in 1988 led an "Invasion Day" commemoration marking the loss of Indigenous culture. Some Indigenous figures and others continue to label Australia Day as "Invasion Day", and protests occur almost every year, sometimes at Australia Day events.
619:, and met them with gifts which they accepted – some consider this to be the first of a series of relative friendship between the two groups. Since 2001, this date is also considered Australian Citizenship Day, and citizenship ceremonies are also held on that date as of 2020. 672:, and saw a failed rebellion by the miners against the Victorian colonial government. Although the rebellion was crushed, it led to significant reforms, and has been described as being the birthplace of Australian democracy. Supporters of the date have included senator 742:(IPA) published the results of a poll in which 75% of Australians wanted the date to stay, while the new nationalist Advance Australia Party's poll had support at 71%. Both groups asked questions about pride in being Australian prior to the headline question. 355:
The anniversary is also termed by some as "Survival Day" and marked by events such as the Survival Day concert, first held in Sydney in 1992, celebrating the fact that the Indigenous people and culture have survived despite colonisation and discrimination.
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on 1 January 1901, the official recognition and dates of Australia Day and its corresponding holidays emerged gradually and changed many times. Further alternations and alternatives have been proposed for debate, but not yet officially agreed or adopted.
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chose the name "Survival Day" as its preferred choice on the basis that it acknowledges the mixed nature of the day, saying that the term "recognises the invasion", but does not allow that to frame the entire story of the Aboriginal people.
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has also been suggested. The amendments enabled the federal parliament to legislate with regard to Indigenous Australians and allowed for Indigenous Australians to be included in the national census. The public vote in favour was 91%.
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Previously, Australia Day public holidays were held on different dates around Australia (such as a movable Monday or Friday for long weekends) with the first "Australia Day" being designated as Friday 30 July 1915 (as fundraising for
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in 2018 found that 56% do not mind what day it is held. The same poll found that 49% believe that the date should not be on a date that is offensive to Indigenous Australians, but only 37% believed the current date was offensive.
51:), and 26 January having been formerly recognised by different names (prior to 1946) as a regionally-specific date lacking national recognition (prior to 1935) and lacking official celebrations in the nation's own capital. 697:
poll that asked if the date of Australia Day should be moved to one that is not associated with European settlement found 79% of respondents favoured no change, 15% favoured change, and 6% were uncommitted. Historian
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by eight percentage points among respondents aged 18–24. Majorities of men, women, capital city residents, country residents, Coalition and Labor supporters and respondents in each state favoured "Australia Day".
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January 26 is the day when ancient Australia became modern Australia, but by including January 25 we would be recognising the ancient at the same time as our own history as new arrivals, and those who are still
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split by demographic factors, with age being a significant factor. 47% of people aged 18–24 supported changing the date, compared to only 19% among those aged 55 years or older. Individuals who voted for the
680:. However, the idea has been opposed by both hard-left unions and right-wing nationalist groups, both of whom claim symbolic attachment to the event, and by some who see it as an essentially Victorian event. 539:, Tony Beddison, and Geoffrey Blainey. However, the date has been seen by some as being too closely connected with Victoria, and its location close to the start of winter has been described as an impediment. 262:, resolved unanimously that it would no longer hold citizenship ceremonies on 26 January and stop referring to it as Australia Day, instead holding an event acknowledging Aboriginal culture and history; the 1853: 2390: 1735: 2586: 1462: 583:, and it has symbolised Australia since the early 1800s. Wattle Day has been proposed as the new date for Australia Day since the 1990s and is supported by the National Wattle Day Association. 181:
stated that he acknowledged Aboriginal concerns with the date, but that it was nevertheless a significant day in Australia's history, and should therefore be retained. In 2009, in response to
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in 2024, with Woolworths citing a decline in demand and noting that it sells Australian flags all year round. The decision by Woolworths caused some controversy, with opposition leader
2940: 393:. In 1902, the year after Federation, 1 January was named "Commonwealth Day". However, New Year's Day was already a public holiday, and Commonwealth Day did not gather much support. 3028:
This poll of 1,038 Australians was commissioned by the Institute of Public Affairs. Data for this poll was collected by marketing research firm Dynata between 11–13 December 2020.
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announced that, with effect from Australia Day 2020, all local councils would be required to hold citizenship ceremonies on and only on 26 January and 17 September. The
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The date 9 May is also sometimes suggested, the date on which the first federal seat of parliament was opened in Melbourne in 1901, the date of the opening of the
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Linking 25 January and 26 January would be a noble compromise between the old and the new. It would bring together honour and empathy, remembrance and celebration
1897: 3041: 2992: 1709: 749:, also released a report in January 2019. Their survey found that, when respondents know that 26 January is the anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet at 1121: 2772: 369:
Some people call for the abolition of Australia Day altogether, arguing that any day celebrating Australia celebrates colonisation and Indigenous genocide.
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calling for a boycott of Woolworths, and vandalism to two stores in Brisbane. The company's CEO noted that the company was not attempting to "
1809: 483:. In 2001, following comments made during a review into the future of Anzac Day, the idea of a merger was strongly opposed by Prime Minister 982: 931: 254:
voted by a slim majority for councils to consider how to lobby the federal government for a date change. In August 2017 the council of the
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said in 2012 that he believed 26 January worked well as Australia Day and that it was at that time more successful than it had ever been.
1993: 1436: 853: 107: 1957: 1488: 2549: 2157: 1922: 1414: 2708:
Macgregor, Duncan; Leigh, Andrew; Madden, David; Tynan, Peter (29 November 2004). "Time to reclaim this legend as our driving force".
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Proposed as an alternative because it is only one week earlier than Australia Day and "19/01" can represent the year of Federation.
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Some Australians regard Australia Day as a symbol of the adverse impacts of British settlement on Australia's Indigenous peoples.
2664: 2630: 251: 2605: 1102: 340:, then chairman of the Australia Day Committee (Victoria), who argued for change and requested debate on the issue in 1999; and 1854:"Second Brisbane Woolworths targeted with graffiti after supermarket announced it would stop selling Australia Day merchandise" 499:
Starting 2017, there has been a partially humorous suggestion to move Australia Day to 8 May. This is primarily because of the
1236: 3147:"Nearly two-thirds of Australians (64%) say January 26 should be known as 'Australia Day', virtually unchanged on a year ago" 2532: 1345: 1150: 266:
soon followed suit. The federal government immediately deprived the councils of their powers to hold citizenship ceremonies.
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was asked about inclusion of Aboriginal people in the celebrations. He replied: "And remind them that we have robbed them?"
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found that 54% were opposed to changing the date; 26% of Australians supported changing the date and 19% had no opinion.
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Thousands of people participate in protest marches in capital cities on Australia Day. Estimates for the 2018 protest in
2127: 2016: 828: 216:
rejected moving Australia Day, proposing the addition of another day for Indigenous Australians instead. Frontbencher
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was the first local authority in Sydney to end Australia Day celebrations, from 2020, while in February 2021 the
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agreed; however both supported the right of Australians to raise the issue. Also in that year, at state level,
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ranged in the tens of thousands, and around 80,000 in 2019, when rallies were also held across the country.
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on 3 December has had a long history as an alternative choice for Australia Day, having been proposed by
136: 1463:"Liberal MP wants Australia Day to be protected by law which would mean a plebiscite to change the date" 2587:"Should the circumnavigation of Australia be marked as foundation day? Ted Egan thinks so | Paul Daley" 2314: 532: 415: 1079: 2478: 905: 782: 552: 370: 77: 2102: 119: 3190: 2312:
Ballantyne, Derek (5 December 2009). "DUMP IT! – Australia Day boss says date divides the nation".
2914:"Australia Day poll: While many believe date shouldn't offend, many ignore significance of Jan 26" 281:
became the first local council in South Australia to officially oppose the date of Australia Day.
1493: 731: 390: 309: 140: 39: 1876:"Brisbane Woolworths store vandalised with graffiti amid Australia Day merchandise controversy" 792: 373:
writes, β€œYou want a day to celebrate Australia. I want an Australia that’s worth celebrating.”
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There has been support for an "independence day", 3 March, to represent the enacting of the
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As early as 1957, 1 January was suggested as a possible alternative day, to commemorate the
2458: 2348: 2077:"Protesters declare 'Australia Day is dead' as thousands attend rallies across the country" 1654: 1050: 344:, Australian of the Year in 2009, who called for debate as to when Australia Day was held. 1625:"Turnbull is wrong – Australia Day and its history aren't 'complex' for Indigenous people" 1546:"Melbourne's Yarra council votes unanimously to move Australia Day citizenship ceremonies" 242:
confirmed the date would not be changed any time soon. He did not suggest an alternative.
8: 1987: 1736:"'Mitcham Council backs mayor's push to join 'change the date of Australia Day' movement" 1650:"Darebin council stripped of citizenship ceremony after controversial Australia Day vote" 1573:"Yarra council stripped of citizenship power after cancelling Australia Day celebrations" 1237:"Invasion Day marked by thousands of protesters calling for equal rights, change of date" 669: 632: 3119:"Guardian Essential poll reveals growing support for changing the date of Australia Day" 2051:"Changing The Date 'Doesn't Take Away The Pain' β€” So What Can Be Done About January 26?" 2889:"Australia Day: Most Australians don't mind what date it's held, according to new poll" 480: 454: 410: 274: 1810:"Woolworths and Big W Australia Day decision prompts Peter Dutton to call for boycott" 615:
despite being speared by him 10 days earlier, realising he had done so for kidnapping
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in 1988. The date has, at various times, found support from former Queensland Premier
127: 2806:"Most Indigenous Australians want date and name of Australia Day changed, poll finds" 2528: 2243: 2024: 1437:"Scott Morrison suggests new Indigenous national day instead of moving Australia Day" 1178:"Indigenous activism heads online as the Aboriginal Tent Embassy celebrates 50 years" 788: 718: 1290:"'Abolish Australia Day': Invasion Day marches draw tens of thousands of protesters" 990:
Government of Western Australia Department of Justice Parliamentary Counsel's Office
2496: 2395: 1599:"Yarra council stripped of citizenship ceremony powers after Australia Day changes" 699: 592: 580: 239: 190: 166:
A move to change the date would have to be made by a combination of the Australian
1682:"Scott Morrison to force councils to hold citizenship ceremonies on Australia Day" 659: 646: 305: 278: 263: 112: 2834:"Most voters want Australia Day to stay on 26 January – Guardian Essential poll" 2993:"Poll – Mainstream Australians Continue To Support Australia Day On 26 January" 2331: 608: 576: 325: 270: 213: 1315:"Invasion Day rally 2019: where to find marches and protests across Australia" 507:", but also because the opening of the first Federal Parliament was on 9 May. 62: 3174: 2271: 2131: 2028: 564:
This is the date when Queen Victoria accepted the Constitution of Australia.
536: 441: 337: 293: 255: 19: 3042:"Not going to solve anything: Why some Australians don't want a date change" 2606:"Here's a date that Governor Phillip and Bennelong might call Australia Day" 1760:"The Sydney council that's stepping in to offer Australia Day paraphernalia" 1122:"What our leaders say about Australia Day – and where did it start, anyway?" 3123: 2810: 1686: 932:"Why Australia Day survives, despite revealing a nation's rifts and wounds" 750: 723: 712: 677: 628: 428: 321: 91: 23: 2941:"Australia Day poll shows how attitudes to changing the date have shifted" 1710:"'The right thing to do': Sydney council drops Australia Day celebrations" 1048:
Ballantine, Derek (5 December 1999). "Australia Day 'should be changed'".
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by Woolworths, Big W and Aldi not to stock extra items for Australia Day,
147:, on Australia Day in 1972, and celebrated 50 years of existence in 2022. 54:
There have also been proposals to institute a second day specifically for
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proposals for the name and date of a new holiday have been put forward.
3151: 3093:"New Poll: Majority Of Australians Support Australia Day On 26 January" 2777: 1385:
Rodda, Rachel (27 January 2001). "Nation's birthday debate rekindled".
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Prior to Australia Day 2019, the conservative public policy think tank
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Day, Mark (9 December 1999). "Time for a birthday with real meaning".
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There has been a degree of support by some in recent years for making
1263:"Australia Day 2018: Thousands turn out for protest in Melbourne CBD" 673: 616: 500: 466: 404: 259: 217: 155: 958:"Australia Day wasn't always January 26, but it was always an issue" 2329:
Stewart, Cameron (14 April 2001). "Anzac rethink enrages diggers".
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is the first day of spring in the southern hemisphere. Australia's
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supported the proposal, suggesting establishing it on a day during
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were most likely to support the date change at 67%, followed by
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Turner, Jeff (26 January 2000). "Divided on our national day".
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favouring a change of date. A September 2017 poll conducted by
1958:"Australia Day, Invasion Day, Survival Day: What's in a name?" 1832:"Two Woolworths stores defaced over Australia Day merchandise" 803:
day of celebration for Indigenous Australians, at nearly 60%.
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in the 1880s. The Eureka uprising occurred in 1854 during the
1013:"Is the fate of Australia Day heading only in one direction?" 771: 313: 76:
are that the current date, celebrating the foundation of the
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Hudson, Fiona (10 May 2001). "Call to shift Australia Day".
1898:"How Woolworths will serve our customers this Australia Day" 469:, 25 April, Australia's national day, including in 1999, by 385:
Federation Pavilion, Centennial Park, Sydney, 1 January 1901
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drafted a bill that would keep Australia Day on 26 January.
3068:"Almost half oppose campaign to change Australia Day: poll" 2299:"We only became independent of Britain on this day in 1986" 431:, as outlined in an essay published in the 2021 collection 396: 317: 135:
The celebrations in 1938 were accompanied by an Aboriginal
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A January 2017 poll conducted by McNair yellowSquares for
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supported this proposal in his opinion piece published in
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In 1888, prior to the first centennial anniversary of the
2707: 854:"The many different dates we've celebrated Australia Day" 730:
A poll conducted by progressive public policy think tank
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This was the day Australia was first circumnavigated, by
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In June 2017 the annual National General Assembly of the
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Knaus, Christopher; Wahlquist, Calla (26 January 2018).
421: 2497:"Barbeques and black armbands | Social Research Centre" 2339: 1804: 1802: 1785:"Second big supermarket axes Australia Day merchandise" 1153:. Melbourne: Australia Day Council of New South Wales. 2703: 2701: 2417: 2213: 2103:"Why I no longer support #changethedate – IndigenousX" 1878:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 January 2024 1812:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 12 January 2024 1063: 1061: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 376: 26:, marking the anniversary of Captain Arthur Phillip's 2364:"Change the date: When should Australia Day be held?" 1070:"Ron Barassi wants an Australia Day we can all enjoy" 131:
Protesters at the 2023 Invasion Day march in Adelaide
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landing on 26 January 1788, New South Wales premier
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University of New South Wales Press. p. 28. 2471: 2469: 1058: 1030: 622: 185:'s suggestion to reopen the debate, prime minister 2267:"Australia Day – let's make it a two-day festival" 1923:"Dodson wants debate on Australia Day date change" 1734: 1395: 983:"Public and Bank Holidays Amendment Act 1992 (WA)" 503:quality between "May 8" and the Australian idiom " 308:stopped selling Australia Day merchandise, as did 2322: 292:in Sydney resolved to provide free Australia Day 3172: 2466: 2449: 2436: 2434: 1365: 1363: 745:The Social Research Centre, a subsidiary of the 70: 2671: 2017:"Is Australia Day Approaching a Tipping Point?" 1378: 1333: 653: 631:, the "Father of Federation", gave his pivotal 519:9 May (opening of Provisional Parliament House) 2803: 1287: 1103:"Obey the law at least, Abbott tells migrants" 906:"Seeing Australia Day through Indigenous eyes" 3059: 2431: 2128:"*Ø*  Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine" 1403:"Rudd says 'no' to Australia Day date change" 1360: 635:in NSW, which set the course for federation. 16:Public debate about the date of Australia Day 3033: 1507:Introduced and read a first time 27 Mar 2023 923: 531:in 1927, and the date of the opening of the 3013: 1207:"Reconciliation can start on Australia Day" 770:it should replace Australia Day. A poll by 567: 542: 494: 2959: 2631:"Australian Citizenship Day, 17 September" 2550:"Australia Day – our day needs a new date" 2311: 2186: 2074: 1175: 1047: 448: 3065: 3039: 2151: 2149: 1983:"Significant Aboriginal Events in Sydney" 1596: 1213:. Melbourne, Australia. 29 January 2007. 1119: 1100: 1067: 929: 359: 336:Among those calling for change have been 285: 2654: 2388: 2346:"Anzac Day merger idea gets shot down". 1199: 1144: 1142: 637: 509: 403: 397:19 January (alternative federation date) 380: 189:refused to do so, and opposition leader 126: 118: 106: 61: 2985: 2328: 2120: 2100: 2048: 1757: 1151:"90 years apart and bonded by a nation" 560:9 July (acceptance of the Constitution) 514:Opening of Parliament House in May 1927 460: 299: 252:Australian Local Government Association 3173: 2938: 2860: 2832:Murphy, Katherine (5 September 2017). 2831: 2729:. Sydney. 6 December 1999. p. 15. 2475: 2455: 2237: 2146: 1955: 1176:Wellington, Shahni (23 January 2022). 1148: 1010: 956:Jones, Benjamin T. (25 January 2023). 491:, who clarified his earlier position. 238:On Australia Day 2024, Prime Minister 161: 2886: 2856: 2854: 2677: 2655:Williams, Warwick (21 January 2015). 2603: 2584: 2566:from the original on 26 November 2021 2520: 2491: 2489: 2155: 2075:Stonehouse, Greta (25 January 2023). 2014: 1707: 1675: 1673: 1622: 1570: 1417:from the original on 13 December 2009 1384: 1169: 1139: 955: 422:25 and 26 January (two national days) 115:, Sydney, on the 1938 Day of Mourning 3066:Topsfield, Jewel (24 January 2021). 3040:Topsfield, Jewel (24 January 2021). 2887:Borys, Stephanie (18 January 2018). 2418:"May8 – The New Australia Day Mate!" 2168:from the original on 13 January 2009 1996:from the original on 4 February 2007 1758:Segaert, Anthony (15 January 2024). 1679: 1339: 1217:from the original on 13 January 2009 1157:from the original on 31 January 2009 1120:Wahlquist, Calla (19 January 2018). 930:Bongiorno, Frank (21 January 2018). 880:"Australia Day Indigenous reactions" 123:2020 Invasion Day rally in Melbourne 66:Australia Day fireworks, Perth, 2013 2635:Immigration and citizenship Website 2352:. Hobart. 26 April 2001. p. 1. 2240:Mission: Essays, Speeches and Ideas 2187:Macfarlane, Ian (26 January 2017). 2049:Vrajlal, Alicia (25 January 2023). 1931:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1708:McNab, Heather (13 November 2019). 1597:Wahlquist, Calla (16 August 2017). 1411:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1369: 1186:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1101:Narushima, Yuko (23 January 2010). 377:1 January (Federation of Australia) 13: 3085: 2851: 2804:Gabrielle Chan (26 January 2017). 2547: 2486: 2389:Williams, Emma (12 January 2017). 2130:. Wilson's Almanac. Archived from 2015:Frost, Natasha (27 January 2023). 1956:Marlow, Karina (20 January 2016). 1670: 1068:Nicholson, Rod (25 January 2009). 1011:Aubrey, Sophie (22 January 2023). 331: 269:On 13 January 2019 prime minister 14: 3207: 2967:"Ipsos Australia Day Poll Report" 2101:Pearson, Luke (14 January 2019). 1933:. 26 January 2009. Archived from 245: 3186:Political movements in Australia 2939:Foster, Ally (20 January 2021). 2861:Taylor, Josh (16 January 2019). 2524:How a Continent Created a Nation 1680:Zhou, Naaman (13 January 2019). 1149:Tippet, Gary (25 January 2009). 623:24 October (Tenterfield Oration) 3139: 3111: 2906: 2880: 2825: 2765: 2733: 2678:Hirst, John (26 January 2008). 2648: 2623: 2597: 2578: 2541: 2514: 2301:. The Australian. 3 March 2011. 2291: 2259: 2231: 2206: 2180: 2156:Hirst, John (26 January 2008). 2094: 2068: 2042: 2008: 1975: 1949: 1890: 1868: 1846: 1824: 1777: 1751: 1727: 1701: 1642: 1616: 1590: 1564: 1538: 1512: 1481: 1455: 1429: 1340:Truu, Maani (26 January 2019). 1307: 1281: 1255: 1229: 1113: 1094: 602: 1834:. news.com.au. 16 January 2024 1787:. news.com.au. 12 January 2024 1739:. The Advertiser. 3 March 2021 1623:Daley, Paul (16 August 2017). 1004: 975: 949: 898: 872: 846: 821: 747:Australian National University 586: 349:National Indigenous Television 145:Old Parliament House, Canberra 1: 2947:. Nationwide News Pty Limited 1571:Cowie, Tom (16 August 2017). 833:National Library of Australia 814: 676:and former Victorian Premier 71:Reasons for alternative dates 2585:Daley, Paul (19 June 2022). 654:3 December (Eureka Stockade) 525:Provisional Parliament House 364: 97: 7: 3097:IPA – The Voice For Freedom 2998:Institute of Public Affairs 2680:"Australia Day in question" 2441:"Day for all Australians". 2158:"Australia Day in question" 1078:. Melbourne. Archived from 740:Institute of Public Affairs 102: 10: 3212: 3196:Controversies in Australia 2559:. Wattle Association Inc. 1344:. SBS News. Archived from 683: 416:Parliament House, Canberra 3072:The Sydney Morning Herald 3046:The Sydney Morning Herald 2710:The Sydney Morning Herald 2604:Admin (25 January 2020). 2443:The Sydney Morning Herald 1764:The Sydney Morning Herald 1489:"Australia Day Bill 2023" 1107:The Sydney Morning Herald 1017:The Sydney Morning Herald 783:The Sydney Morning Herald 78:Colony of New South Wales 2657:"October 24 significant" 2164:. Melbourne, Australia. 1856:. 7news. 15 January 2024 756: 705: 688: 568:1 September (Wattle Day) 543:27 May (1967 referendum) 212:In 2018, prime minister 177:In 2001, Prime Minister 143:was established outside 2723:"Our day 'parochial'". 2482:. Adelaide. p. 19. 1494:Parliament of Australia 732:The Australia Institute 627:On 24 October 1889 Sir 547:The anniversary of the 449:3 March (Australia Act) 427:mooted by and activist 391:Federation of Australia 141:Aboriginal Tent Embassy 40:Federation of Australia 3181:Proposals in Australia 2318:. Brisbane. p. 1. 650: 611:decided not to punish 607:On 17 September 1790, 515: 487:and Opposition Leader 418: 386: 360:Suggested alternatives 304:In 2023, retail chain 290:Fairfield City Council 132: 124: 116: 67: 56:Indigenous Australians 2521:Robin, Libby (2007). 2238:Person, Noel (2021). 1714:Sydney Morning Herald 1550:Sydney Morning Herald 1374:. Sydney. p. 11. 641: 633:speech at Tenterfield 513: 407: 384: 130: 122: 110: 65: 3021:"Australia Day Poll" 2335:. Sydney. p. 1. 1391:. Sydney. p. 7. 1054:. Hobart. p. 6. 553:federal constitution 533:New Parliament House 461:25 April (Anzac Day) 445:on 25 January 2023. 414:document located in 300:Commercial responses 30:raising the British 2785:on 30 December 2012 2501:www.srcentre.com.au 1988:Sydney City Council 1937:on 14 December 2009 1443:. 24 September 2018 1413:. 26 January 2009. 670:Victorian gold rush 162:Political responses 38:in 1788. After the 2667:on 20 August 2018. 2661:The Canberra Times 2591:Guardian Australia 2445:. 26 January 2002. 2332:Weekend Australian 2134:on 25 January 2009 2107:indigenousx.com.au 2055:www.refinery29.com 2021:The New York Times 1348:on 26 January 2019 1126:Guardian Australia 795:voters at 31% and 651: 516: 481:Peter Hollingworth 455:Australia Act 1986 419: 411:Australia Act 1986 387: 275:Inner West Council 209:opposed a change. 133: 125: 117: 68: 3155:. 24 January 2023 3127:. 25 January 2022 3099:. 16 January 2022 3001:. 17 January 2021 2973:. 24 January 2021 2920:. 18 January 2018 2548:Searle, Suzette. 2534:978-0-86840-891-0 2370:. 26 January 2017 2275:. 26 January 2023 1469:. 16 January 2023 1321:. 25 January 2019 1269:. 26 January 2018 1243:. 27 January 2018 886:. 25 January 2018 860:. 26 January 2018 719:Essential Polling 227:In January 2023, 172:state governments 3203: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3026:. 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Index

Australia Day
national day
First Fleet
Union Jack
Sydney Cove
Federation of Australia
World War I
Indigenous Australians

Colony of New South Wales
First Fleet
Henry Parkes

Australian Hall

2023 Invasion Day march in Adelaide
Day of Mourning
Aboriginal Tent Embassy
Old Parliament House, Canberra
Melbourne
federal
state governments
John Howard
Mick Dodson
Kevin Rudd
Malcolm Turnbull
NSW
Nathan Rees
Queensland
Anna Bligh

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