701:
786:, was that the UK had long since passed the point where its farmers could grow enough food to feed the entire population, and needed imports of many farm products, particularly beef and lamb. Dairy farmers should not, McBride said, have to wait six years for tariff-free access to the Australian market so their cattle- and lamb-raising counterparts could be insulated from corresponding competition for fifteen. "Protecting a bad business model (UK grazing) to the detriment of a good business (UK dairy farming) is economic madness", she wrote. "But, that is how
2675:
2483:
291:
190:
134:
119:
586:"Remarkably, it is not clear what UK negotiators managed to extract in reciprocal concessions", Grozoubinski continued, foreshadowing a theme that would later be sounded in British criticism of the deal. "Sure Australia has agreed to eliminate its own tariffs, but that is somewhat like landlocked Switzerland offering to eliminate its navy. Unlike the UK, which has some formidable tariff walls around agriculture, Australia's tariffs are incredibly low and their elimination is unlikely to change anyone's commercial calculus."
3179:
2685:
829:, among others, noted when the deal was reached that the distance between the two countries was more of a constraint on trade than any tariffs or restrictions, especially since Australia had larger markets to sell to much closer at hand. Even at present, he said, Australian beef and lamb exports to the UK did not come anywhere near the quotas set during the EU era. He still cautioned that the sevenfold increase in the quotas would come much more abruptly than the government had represented it as.
615:
678:, its chair, not only repeated the concerns expressed by PAN and the Lords' committee but said the treaty would bring minimal economic gain in return for those concessions. Since by its own calculations it would increase Britain's GDP 0.08 per cent, "he government must level with the public—this trade deal will not have the transformative effects ministers would like to claim", he said. Consumers might benefit, the committee allowed, but only in very small ways such as slightly lower prices on
872:
202:
165:
150:
741:, the New Zealand-born interim permanent secretary of the Department of International Trade (DIT): "His approach always was to internalise Australian demands, often when they were against UK interests, his advice was invariably to retreat and make fresh concessions and all the while he resented people who understood technical issues greater than he did." Eustice said Falconer should be replaced with "somebody who understands British interests better than I think he's been able to."
3132:
693:. "British farmers are being asked to go toe-to-toe with some of the most cost-effective food producers in the world.", the NFU said. "But there is scant evidence that the government has the vision to create the conditions to allow our farmers to compete ... we do believe that deals must be balanced in respect of offering reciprocal benefit." The NFU had also lobbied heavily, but futilely, for beef and lamb quotas in the agreement to be based on
29:
858:
935:, echoed Eustice's criticisms of the deal, saying they were "astonish farmers were thrown under the bus" in the deal and that the generous terms granted Australia have already led Mexico and Canada to ask for equivalent access to British markets. "This has profound implications for trade deals in other parts of the world, which is actually why fucking Liz Truss is such a fucking imbecile", they said.
837:
to drastically limit
Australian meat imports for some reason, Australian producers might decide to take the full advantage allowed them of the British market in order to compensate, and Britain would not be able to do much about that. "The UK government has reserved itself almost no recourse to managing imports if they start proving harmful to UK farm livelihoods."
799:
not have any such protections for agricultural products, foodstuffs or spirits. "Should they introduce such a scheme we have agreed to review our agreement with
Australia to ensure the UK's finest products are protected", they said. "This is the strongest commitment that Australia has made towards setting up a GI scheme in any of its trade deals."
555:
modelling and analysis of trade agreements. The
Committee supports the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and recommends that binding treaty action be taken. Subsequently, on 22 November 2022, the treaty passed both Houses of Parliament.
812:
But while
Ramanasaukas agreed with Eustice and other critics that setting a deadline for the deal was a bad idea, he disagreed with other elements of their objections. "They see it as a zero-sum game", he said. "They see imports as a bad thing." By contrast, he argued they were "fantastic for obvious
798:
In response to these criticisms, government spokespeople reiterated that the agreement would add to the
British economy, that it would not compromise on food safety standards, and that the ATC had concluded that it had not. On the issue of geographical indications, they pointed out that Australia did
405:
British defenders of the agreement noted in response that
Eustice had had his chance to block the agreement while he was in the government and did not. They further said that it was unlikely that Australia would be fully exploiting the new quotas, since it did not even meet the current ones and found
344:
for three years instead of the previous two, and
Australian employers do not need to show economic necessity to hire them. Observers took the agreement as a sign that the British government, in negotiating future trade agreements with nations with large agricultural sectors, will favour the interests
840:
In
Australia, Grozoubinski similarly noted that the British government's selling points for the agreement contradicted themselves. "To farmers and their representatives, apoplectic about this deal, it has argued that Australian produce is unlikely to flood into the UK market, citing existing trading
836:
However, Nick von
Westenholtz, director of trade for the NFU, pointed to caveats those arguments did not take into account. Primarily, he noted, they were based on the assumption that Australia's current trading relationships would remain the same for some time to come. If, he posited, China decided
808:
that
Eustice had been in the Cabinet when the deal was approved there. "If the deal was as bad as he claims, he would never have approved it." Others felt it was an overreach for Eustice to so harshly criticise Falconer to the point of calling on him to be fired, since as a civil servant Falconer by
561:
Notably, the A-UK FTA also strengthens the people-to-people links between Australia and the UK. Australian professionals now have the same access to the UK job market as nationals from the European Union, except the Republic of Ireland. From 31 January 2024, Australians up to the age of 35 (up from
733:
was a guest and the two could announce the deal after dinner on the last night. He praised some aspects of the deal that his department had been the primary negotiator on, such as the phasing in of reduced agricultural tariffs over a 10-15 year period and recognition of British sovereignty in SPS
546:
The Australian Government confirmed it was "confident" the UK-Australia Free Trade Agreement would be ready to be put into action by year's end with thousands more young people set to be eligible for a working visa. The extended negotiation process between the two countries finally drew to an end
832:
Further, Conway pointed out, Australia had prior to Britain's EU accession been a much larger trading partner. In the mid-1950s, roughly 12.5 per cent of all British exports went to Australia, an amount that began falling before accession, to 1.6 per cent sixty years later. Conway saw the deal's
816:
Others said it was important to place the deal in its full context. "Given the importance of agricultural exports to both Australia and New Zealand," said one former British trade negotiator, "it's hard to see how those deals would have happened if the UK hadn't made market access commitments in
554:
The Committee recommended the Australian Government implements the recommendations of Report 193: Strengthening the Trade Agreement and Treaty Making Process in Australia, particularly in relation to greater consultation and transparency during the negotiating process, and providing independent
716:
and thus involved in the negotiations, vociferously criticised the treaty in Parliament as "not actually a very good deal for the UK." He faulted Truss, who had dismissed him from his post at the beginning of her brief tenure as Prime Minister and was at the time of the negotiations
1180:
841:
patterns and strong demand closer to home." Yet, "onversely, in media commentary, press releases, and speaking to its more libertarian members the UK government primarily emphasised the benefits to consumers of cheaper or at least more plentiful access to Australian products, from
845:
biscuits to steaks." But few consumers were likely to see those benefits, Grozoubinski noted, unless Australian products actually were to flood British markets at levels that would force prices down to the point of adversely affecting British farmers and other producers.
643:, allowing any Australian producer to use them for foods exported to Britain. It also expressed concern about the pesticide issue and other environmental concerns such as food grown on deforested land, and chastised the government for insufficient consultation with its
809:
convention cannot respond. "I hope will see his way to apologising for it because it was completely unfair," said one government consultant, while Ben Ramanasaukas, a former advisor to Truss, called the former DEFRA secretary's remarks "mean-spirited and wrong".
744:
Other observers joined Eustice in another criticism: the government's failure to keep a promise to allow Parliament to debate the treaty. They contrasted that with Australia's final adoption of the treaty in late November following a full debate in both houses of
1830:
610:
against the thirty-three allowed in Australia. It feared this might set a precedent for Britain making similar concessions in negotiating trade deals with other large countries that export produce in quantity such as the United States, India and Brazil.
406:
it more profitable to sell to large markets closer to it in Asia due to the time and distance involved in shipping to the UK. The British government also argued that it had maintained food-safety standards, with Australia agreeing to its high
630:
generally accepted it, but expressed concern that the government's haste to conclude it might have come at the expense of whatever negotiating leverage it had. The committee noted that the agreement failed to offer any protection to certain
2641:
1169:
3160:
298:
Farmers in the United Kingdom expressed concern that prices would be undercut by cheaper Australian imports. Australian beef production sits around 2.3 million tonnes (2.5 million short tons; 2.3 million long tons) of
606:, a report expressing concern that the agreement might weaken British restrictions on pesticide use by permitting the import of Australian crops grown under laxer standards—for example, Britain permits farmers to use just four
1786:
574:
was unstinting in its praise for the agreement. "It is hard to overstate this achievement by the Australian negotiating team", wrote Dmitry Grozoubinski, a commentator on its blog. While most often the ecstatic language of
550:
On 17 November 2022, the Australian Government Joint Standing Committee on Treaties (JSCOT) handed down its report on the Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement (A-UKFTA). The committee made two recommendations:
2978:
1456:
1213:
542:
On 11 May 2022, the UK Government introduced a Trade Bill to ratify and bring into force the UK-Australia and UK-New Zealand Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that were signed in December and February respectively.
2671:
2849:
2409:
1523:
833:
terms as indicating that the UK would, in negotiating future trade deals with large agricultural nations, be moving away from EU-legacy protections for its farmers and toward the interests of consumers.
1349:
1385:
2973:
1422:
280:
The United Kingdom and Australia started negotiations for a free trade deal on 17 June 2020. The broad terms of the agreement were agreed on 14 June 2021, following almost a year of negotiations.
230:
was signed 17 December 2021. The broad terms of the agreement had been agreed six months earlier, following almost a year of negotiations. It was the first trade agreement signed by Britain since
2958:
1236:
1112:
1753:
2953:
3337:
3219:
3167:
2577:
818:
518:
340:
Australia secured a seven-fold increase in tariff-free access to the UK market for its beef and lamb exports, to be phased in after ten years. In return, British citizens under 35 can get
2553:
1720:
1288:
269:
from 7–8 September 2016, found that Australia was the country that Leave voters most wanted to sign a free trade agreement with, with 47 per cent ranking it as the top priority country.
1558:
1776:
3282:
2663:
761:
in part by criticizing the agreement although he ruled out renegotiating it, never put the deal up for a vote. "Never again must our democracy be bypassed," tweeted NFU president
967:
1079:
1591:
758:
1145:
3145:
2715:
2705:
524:
British government estimates suggest that an agreement would grow the British economy by £500 million over the course of 15 years, equivalent to a 0.02 per cent increase in
2471:
1959:
If the UK government gives tariff-free access to low-standard, low-welfare Australian produce then it will pave the way for low-standard deals with bigger trading nations.
1999:
1444:
1203:
2219:
1623:
2938:
713:
373:
1882:
2160:
352:
expressed concern about the possibility that Australian exporters could flood the British market and drive down prices, as well as the lack of any protections for
321:
found that 61 per cent of Britons prioritised protecting British farmers over signing new trade agreements, with 20 per cent prioritising signing new trade deals.
255:
3451:
1512:
2866:
1339:
652:
3317:
2922:
2038:
2278:
1855:
1375:
3441:
3209:
3153:
2656:
1042:
558:
A-UKFTA entered into force after Australia and the UK confirmed with each other in writing that they had completed their respective domestic requirements.
2449:
3307:
3302:
3250:
3224:
1412:
1173:[The free trade agreement between London and Canberra allows us to measure the extreme difficulties which await the United Kingdom with Brexit].
769:
posting a picture of himself and Sunak shaking hands to announce the former's Parliament passing the deal. "very FTA must be scrutinised by Parliament."
3446:
2537:
1228:
407:
1102:
272:
In 2020, trade between the countries was valued at £13.9 billion. Australia accounts for 0.4 per cent of British exports and 1.3 per cent of imports.
3229:
1743:
1260:
2099:
1808:
2993:
2464:
1687:
3456:
3400:
3371:
3234:
3135:
2649:
2370:
686:
349:
3312:
3297:
3292:
3277:
1710:
1274:
3175:
2342:
3287:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2561:
1654:
2033:
1547:
1170:"L'accord de libre-échange entre Londres et Canberra permet de mesurer les extrêmes difficultés qui attendent le Royaume-Uni avec le Brexit"
3481:
2988:
2516:
2191:
364:
were alarmed that the agreement had no provisions requiring Australian produce comply with stricter British standards. In November, as the
348:
In mid-2022, as both governments worked towards final ratification, the deal began coming in for heavy criticism on the British side. The
317:
times the UK's output. The British government sought a 15-year cap on tariff-free imports to address these concerns. Polling conducted by
3436:
3183:
2589:
2583:
2457:
2311:
1976:
900:
2251:"It has yet to anywhere near the UK parliament. Never again must our democracy be bypassed, every FTA must be scrutinised by Parliament"
957:
718:
506:
385:
3214:
1316:
1066:
1581:
3466:
3333:
2912:
2532:
1135:
521:(CPTPP). The United Kingdom formally applied to join the CPTPPP in February 2021 and began membership negotiations on 2 June 2021.
2773:
2761:
2435:
2404:
1971:
1860:
1618:
1255:
910:
895:
1831:"Young Australians the big winners as Labor Government expects legislative work on UK free trade deal to be done by end of year"
3491:
3089:
2861:
2679:
885:
2400:
1613:
2700:
2542:
2524:
2479:
580:
392:
1488:
3476:
3431:
3052:
1003:
721:, for putting British negotiators "on the back foot" with her insistence that a deal be concluded before the end of the
3011:
3003:
2839:
2487:
2444:
2413:
1284:
627:
2897:
2710:
1912:
734:
standards, but "overall the truth of the matter is that the UK gave away far too much for far too little in return."
595:
3047:
773:
644:
283:
On 15 June 2020, the Australian Government released its negotiating position. Two days later, on 17 June 2020, the
2440:
3426:
3388:
3069:
2834:
532:
510:
1027:
303:
per annum, compared to 900,000 tonnes (990,000 short tons; 890,000 long tons) in the United Kingdom. Australian
2963:
2000:"Safeguarding the UK's food and farming standards in trade: Lessons from the Australia-UK Free Trade Agreement"
890:
780:
protective of British farmers, in the way it phased in the tariff reductions. The hard truth, she wrote in the
659:
and several other organisations, also put out a report expressing concern about the government compromising on
562:
30) will be able to apply for working holidays in the UK and stay for a maximum of three years instead of two.
3486:
3079:
419:
341:
287:
also released its negotiation objectives, outlining what it would like to achieve in a free trade agreement.
3461:
2306:
1250:
3394:
3365:
3031:
2907:
2006:
648:
3471:
3057:
2856:
1677:
332:. The following day, the British government announced that an agreement had been reached in principle.
2844:
2508:
1777:"Australian producers to gradually gain tariff-free access to British markets under free trade deal"
258:
by 51.9 per cent of votes in favour to 48.1 per cent of votes against, in a decision referred to as
2968:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2768:
2431:
1946:
690:
599:
361:
353:
2064:
1643:
813:
reasons: lower prices for consumers and other businesses, more competition, thriving innovation."
647:
parliaments. "The Government should take disappointment from UK stakeholders seriously" it wrote.
2948:
2741:
2250:
1033:
905:
746:
671:
632:
700:
3117:
3064:
2736:
525:
958:"Australia signs UK free trade deal, scrapping import tariffs and opening British jobs market"
817:
those areas." Britain would also need both countries' support for its application to join the
607:
3110:
3094:
2224:
1136:"Brexit: Boris Johnson says Australia trade deal will bring 'fantastic opportunities' for UK"
877:
776:(ATC), Catherine McBride, took the opposite tack in her criticism, arguing that the deal was
365:
3074:
2422:
517:, said that the agreement "paved the way" for the United Kingdom to become a member of the
169:
53:
1306:
418:
Under the terms of the agreement in principle, Australia would relax certain rules around
8:
3021:
294:
British farmers fear the effect of Australian competition in their beef and lamb markets
3016:
2917:
1204:"UK begins talks with Australia and New Zealand on free trade deal for post-Brexit era"
962:
381:
1883:"Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement in force – now to make it work for you"
579:
announcing trade deals hid the lack of real accomplishments, "ot this time. This deal
738:
399:
689:(NFU), was quoted in the report as to the competitive imbalance between British and
863:
766:
667:
547:
late 2021 when the then-Johnson and Morrison governments signed the landmark deal.
377:
318:
290:
218:
123:
1413:"Farmers raise concerns as Boris Johnson hails 'historic' UK-Australia trade deal"
3026:
2983:
2979:
International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children
2827:
2246:
2220:"'One sided': Sunak says Australia's free trade deal was bad for British farmers"
2069:
1809:"UK Government Bill to Bring into Force the UK-Australia and UK-New Zealand FTAs"
1649:
1638:
1445:"Poll reveals strong majority prioritise protecting farmers over new trade deals"
1302:
1140:
762:
679:
304:
63:
2126:
1942:
376:
and negotiated parts of the deal, reiterated these concerns on the floor of the
3178:
3104:
3099:
2943:
2902:
2684:
2196:
1920:
1478:
730:
722:
709:
694:
660:
623:
571:
369:
329:
324:
A year after negotiations began, the agreement was reached over dinner between
251:
247:
235:
206:
2418:
2161:"Flagship post-Brexit Australia trade deal 'not actually very good', MPs hear"
1229:"UK starts talks with 'old friends' Australia and New Zealand for trade deals"
307:
production is around 700,000 tonnes (770,000 short tons; 690,000 long tons), 2
262:. The United Kingdom subsequently left the European Union on 31 January 2020.
3420:
2307:"Australia trade deal will not bring down UK food and drink prices, MPs warn"
2283:
1340:"Farmers warn post-Brexit trade deal with Australia could hit UK agriculture"
993:
787:
782:
750:
675:
640:
636:
395:
357:
325:
284:
1376:"Put out to pasture? Britain's farmers fear surge of imports from Australia"
670:' International Trade Committee, a cross-party group, joined the criticism.
2807:
2375:
2165:
1781:
1748:
1586:
1417:
1408:
1380:
1344:
1208:
804:
576:
614:
535:
welcomed the deal as an opportunity for increased Australian agricultural
2974:
Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea-coast
2343:"Why the UK-Australia trade deal could have startling wider implications"
754:
2959:
Agreement for the Suppression of the Circulation of Obscene Publications
2063:
Payne, Sebastian; Foster, Peter; Evans, Judith Evans (1 December 2022).
2034:"UK government 'overselling' benefits of Australia trade deal, MPs warn"
594:
In 2022, as the British government moved towards implementing the deal,
2791:
2595:
2954:
International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic
452:
Trade in Services, Including Telecommunications and Financial Services
16:
Proposed free trade agreement between Australia and the United Kingdom
3334:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
2822:
2674:
2578:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
2482:
2338:
1972:"Australia trade deal suffered from being rushed, UK politicians say"
1553:
1518:
822:
819:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
519:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
514:
398:'s government look good; he also called for the lead UK negotiation,
388:
194:
154:
138:
106:
Ratification by both Houses of the Parliament of Australia and the UK
28:
1744:"Truss's naivety on trade with Australia could leave the UK exposed"
1275:"UK's approach to negotiating a free trade agreement with Australia"
372:, a Brexit supporter who had until September been in the Cabinet as
2347:
2131:
2104:
1834:
1483:
1452:
1311:
1175:
998:
931:
826:
726:
2279:"Sunak's criticism of Australia free trade deal is economic folly"
1711:"UK gets green light to start talks on joining pacific trade deal"
2426:
2419:
Press conference announcing the agreement in principle on 15 June
2255:
2192:"Australia-UK free trade deal approval reignites farmer concerns"
2127:"Australia free trade deal a failure for UK, says George Eustice"
1715:
1682:
842:
802:
Eustice's remarks drew a sharper response. A DIT source reminded
656:
425:
1548:"Australia opens arms to young Britons in 'new dawn' trade deal"
737:
Eustice was particularly critical of one other person involved,
3084:
2371:"UK-Australia trade deal is more golden duck than golden goose"
1279:
1107:
1075:
1038:
536:
458:
Digital Trade in Goods and Services and Cross-Border Data Flows
266:
259:
231:
1513:"Boris Johnson announces 'new dawn' trade deal with Australia"
994:"Australia trade deal will not hit UK farmers, says Liz Truss"
759:
campaigned for the Conservative Party leadership against Truss
2817:
2812:
1856:"JSCOT supports A-UKFTA & legislation passes both houses"
598:
were criticising it. Early in the year the UK chapter of the
2362:
2065:"The UK-Australia trade deal: 'too much for far too little'"
391:
for forcing an agreement to be reached swiftly to make then-
2410:
The British Government's strategic approach to negotiations
929:
Another former Cabinet member, who spoke off the record to
467:
Procedural Fairness for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices
300:
2939:
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
1678:"UK makes formal request to join trans-Pacific trade deal"
714:
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
374:
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
2850:
British Army regiments in Australia between 1810 and 1870
1406:
2058:
2056:
256:
2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
1202:
Hurst, Daniel; Graham-McLay, Charlotte (17 June 2020).
2867:
Second Australian Imperial Force in the United Kingdom
2185:
2183:
1307:"Farmers' opposition to UK-Australia trade deal grows"
1067:"Brexit Is Done: The U.K. Has Left the European Union"
653:
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
449:
Transparency, Publication, and Administrative Measures
228:
Australia–United Kingdom free trade agreement (AUKFTA)
2923:
Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990
2716:
High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia
2706:
High Commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom
2401:
Summary of the Australian Government negotiating aims
2053:
1103:"Which countries should we focus on for trade deals?"
384:
did not get to vote on, as one-sided, blaming former
853:
2180:
2154:
2152:
2150:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1642:
1546:
1511:
1479:"UK and Australia in first post-Brexit trade deal"
1168:
1065:
1026:
2119:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1913:"Australia sweeps the table in the UK trade deal"
1201:
3418:
2994:Geneva Convention on the Wounded and Sick (1929)
2147:
2062:
1897:
1709:James, William; Leussink, Daniel (2 June 2021).
1614:"Australia-UK FTA negotiating aims and approach"
90:Virtually in London, UK, and Adelaide, Australia
2211:
1644:"UK and Australia agree post-Brexit trade deal"
1510:Wright, Oliver; Zeffman, Henry (15 June 2021).
749:. But although both Truss and her predecessor,
3452:United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations
2084:
2027:
2025:
2023:
426:Areas Covered in the FTA and Contention Points
3161:
2757:2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
2752:2002 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
2747:1981 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
2732:Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
2657:
2465:
1708:
1582:"UK-Australia trade deal: what does it mean?"
1579:
1509:
1233:Institute for Exports and International Trade
470:State-Owned and Controlled Enterprises (SOEs)
22:Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
2989:Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)
1910:
1226:
3442:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
3184:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
3136:Category:Australia–United Kingdom relations
2590:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
2584:ASEAN–Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area
2333:
2331:
2329:
2020:
1992:
1934:
1028:"Britain Delivers Stunning Rejection to EU"
901:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
765:, in response to Australian Prime Minister
3168:
3154:
2664:
2650:
2472:
2458:
2368:
1636:
1063:
987:
985:
719:Secretary of State for International Trade
712:, who up until two months before had been
622:A June report on the proposed deal by the
507:Secretary of State for International Trade
434:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS):
386:Secretary of State for International Trade
3447:Australia and the Commonwealth of Nations
1373:
1337:
2913:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
2615:
2369:Partington, Richard (17 December 2021).
2326:
1301:
1251:"Australia-UK FTA objectives fact sheet"
955:
699:
613:
565:
289:
2774:Royal visits to Rockhampton, Queensland
2762:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
2436:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
2405:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
2276:
2245:
1940:
1861:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1619:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1544:
1256:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
982:
911:List of bilateral free-trade agreements
896:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
3419:
2862:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
2337:
2217:
1774:
1227:Barns-Graham, William (17 June 2020).
1166:
956:Dziedzic, Stephen (17 December 2021).
753:, had promised the same on their end,
380:when he denounced the deal, which the
3149:
2645:
2453:
2304:
2277:McBride, Catherine (31 August 2022).
2189:
2158:
2098:Whale, Sebastian (21 November 2022).
2097:
2031:
1911:Grozoubinski, Dmitry (24 June 2021).
1741:
1690:from the original on 17 February 2021
1675:
1369:
1367:
1133:
1100:
1024:
991:
970:from the original on 16 December 2021
238:that was negotiated completely anew.
2701:High Commission of Australia, London
2190:Riley, Jonathan (25 November 2022).
1115:from the original on 25 January 2021
1101:Smith, Matthew (17 September 2016).
821:, as they are already full members.
3482:Treaties entered into force in 2023
3053:Australian Astronomical Observatory
2100:"Britain's trade honeymoon is over"
1064:Colchester, Max (31 January 2021).
13:
3457:Australia–United Kingdom relations
3437:Free trade agreements of Australia
3012:British nuclear tests at Maralinga
2840:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
2680:Australia–United Kingdom relations
2488:Free trade agreements of Australia
2445:Department for International Trade
2414:Department for International Trade
2159:Mason, Rowena (14 November 2022).
1775:Murphy, Katherine (15 June 2021).
1676:James, William (1 February 2021).
1626:from the original on 21 June 2020.
1411:; O'Carroll, Lisa (15 June 2021).
1364:
1291:from the original on 19 June 2020.
1285:Department for International Trade
1263:from the original on 22 June 2020.
1239:from the original on 22 June 2020.
1082:from the original on 28 April 2021
1045:from the original on 10 April 2021
886:Australia–United Kingdom relations
729:, where Australian prime minister
663:standards as well as food safety.
628:International Agreements Committee
589:
14:
3503:
2898:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
2711:British High Commission, Canberra
2394:
1941:Claydon, Sam (22 February 2022).
1789:from the original on 15 June 2021
1756:from the original on 11 June 2021
1723:from the original on 10 June 2021
1657:from the original on 15 June 2021
1594:from the original on 15 June 2021
1561:from the original on 15 June 2021
1526:from the original on 15 June 2021
1491:from the original on 15 June 2021
1425:from the original on 15 June 2021
1388:from the original on 10 June 2021
1374:Partridge, Joanna (22 May 2021).
1338:Partridge, Joanna (18 May 2021).
1216:from the original on 24 May 2021.
1183:from the original on 11 June 2021
1148:from the original on 15 June 2021
1006:from the original on 16 June 2021
992:David, Dharshini (15 June 2021).
443:Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
422:for Britons under the age of 35.
3251:Crown Dependencies Customs Union
3177:
3131:
3130:
3048:1919 England to Australia flight
2683:
2673:
2481:
2218:Bourke, Latika (2 August 2022).
1580:O'Carroll, Lisa (15 June 2021).
1459:from the original on 4 June 2021
1352:from the original on 2 June 2021
1319:from the original on 5 June 2021
870:
856:
774:Agriculture and Trade Commission
410:(SPS) regulations for all food.
200:
188:
163:
148:
132:
117:
27:
3467:2021 in international relations
3389:European Free Trade Association
3070:Australian War Memorial, London
2835:Five Power Defence Arrangements
2298:
2270:
2239:
2032:Wragg, Eleanor (13 July 2022).
1964:
1875:
1848:
1823:
1801:
1768:
1735:
1702:
1669:
1630:
1606:
1573:
1545:Zeffman, Henry (15 June 2021).
1538:
1503:
1471:
1437:
1400:
1331:
1295:
1267:
1243:
923:
825:, economics and data editor at
511:President of the Board of Trade
500:
275:
2964:International Opium Convention
1742:Inman, Phillip (22 May 2021).
1220:
1195:
1160:
1127:
1094:
1057:
1018:
949:
891:Foreign relations of Australia
437:Customs and Trade Facilitation
360:. Food-safety groups like the
1:
3492:Economy of the United Kingdom
1025:Gross, Jenny (24 June 2016).
942:
757:, Truss's successor, who had
505:On 15 June 2021, the British
413:
368:'s ratification vote neared,
241:
1167:Albert, Eric (25 May 2021).
581:does what it says on the tin
533:National Farmers' Federation
335:
66:between the UK and Australia
7:
3395:European Economic Community
3032:McClelland Royal Commission
2908:Statute of Westminster 1931
2305:Coyne, Sean (7 July 2022).
2007:Compassion in World Farming
1134:Stone, Jon (15 June 2021).
849:
793:
649:Compassion in World Farming
345:of consumers over farmers.
10:
3508:
3477:Treaties concluded in 2021
3432:2021 in the United Kingdom
3058:Anglo-Australian Telescope
2857:RAAF Overseas Headquarters
408:sanitary and phytosanitary
3381:
3358:
3351:
3326:
3270:
3263:
3243:
3197:
3190:
3127:
3080:Britain–Australia Society
3040:
3002:
2931:
2875:
2845:British Army in Australia
2800:
2784:
2724:
2693:
2608:
2570:
2501:
2494:
446:Good Regulatory Practices
356:on foods such as Cornish
214:
181:
110:
102:
94:
86:
78:
70:
59:
49:
43: United Kingdom (UK)
26:
3283:Gulf Cooperation Council
2969:Paris Convention of 1919
2893:South Australia Act 1842
2888:South Australia Act 1834
2883:New South Wales Act 1823
2769:Royal tours of Australia
1947:Pesticide Action Network
1943:"Toxic Trade: Australia"
916:
666:The following month the
633:geographically-indicated
600:Pesticide Action Network
362:Pesticide Action Network
2949:Berne Convention (1906)
2742:Commonwealth of Nations
1072:The Wall Street Journal
1034:The Wall Street Journal
906:Commonwealth free trade
704:George Eustice, in 2019
687:National Farmers' Union
672:Scottish National Party
635:British foods, such as
539:to the United Kingdom.
354:geographical indicators
350:National Farmers' Union
159:until 15 September 2021
3427:2021 in Australian law
3118:The Queen in Australia
3065:Australian State Coach
2737:Nauru Island Agreement
772:An economist with the
705:
691:Australian agriculture
619:
596:agricultural interests
295:
174:from 15 September 2021
128:until 22 December 2020
3111:A Bride from the Bush
3095:Monarchy of Australia
2225:Sydney Morning Herald
878:United Kingdom portal
703:
637:Cornish clotted cream
618:Cornish clotted cream
617:
566:Response in Australia
464:Intellectual Property
420:working holiday visas
366:Australian parliament
342:working holiday visas
293:
265:Polling conducted by
143:from 22 December 2020
3487:Economy of Australia
3075:Big Brother Movement
2625:United Arab Emirates
2249:(22 November 2022).
790:usually plays out."
170:Anne-Marie Trevelyan
54:Free trade agreement
3462:Morrison government
3022:Operation Hurricane
2039:Global Trade Review
250:voted to leave the
23:
3017:Operation Blowdown
2918:Australia Act 1986
2801:Military relations
2135:. 14 November 2022
706:
685:Specifically, the
620:
494:General Provisions
476:Competition Policy
402:, to be replaced.
382:British Parliament
296:
21:
3472:2021 in Australia
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3347:
3346:
3259:
3258:
3143:
3142:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2604:
2603:
739:Crawford Falconer
651:, along with the
400:Crawford Falconer
224:
223:
175:
160:
144:
129:
3499:
3356:
3355:
3268:
3267:
3195:
3194:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3090:Sports rivalries
2694:Diplomatic posts
2688:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2613:
2612:
2499:
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2485:
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2467:
2460:
2451:
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2388:
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2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2341:(16 June 2021).
2335:
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2295:
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2247:Batters, Minette
2243:
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2209:
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2095:
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2079:
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2060:
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2048:
2046:
2029:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1989:
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1985:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1956:
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1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1908:
1895:
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1892:
1890:
1885:. claytonutz.com
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1706:
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1673:
1667:
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1646:
1641:(15 June 2021).
1639:Payne, Sebastian
1634:
1628:
1627:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1487:. 15 June 2021.
1475:
1469:
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1441:
1435:
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1432:
1430:
1404:
1398:
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1357:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1303:Marshall, Claire
1299:
1293:
1292:
1287:. 17 June 2020.
1271:
1265:
1264:
1259:. 15 June 2020.
1247:
1241:
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1218:
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1199:
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927:
880:
875:
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864:Australia portal
861:
860:
859:
767:Anthony Albanese
668:House of Commons
608:organophosphates
378:House of Commons
319:Opinium Research
316:
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311:
205:
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193:
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124:Simon Birmingham
122:
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82:17 December 2021
42:
36:
31:
24:
20:
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3174:
3144:
3139:
3123:
3036:
3027:Operation Totem
2998:
2984:Svalbard Treaty
2927:
2871:
2828:UKUSA Agreement
2796:
2780:
2720:
2689:
2682:
2672:
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2640:
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2566:
2490:
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2188:
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2148:
2138:
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2125:
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2110:
2108:
2096:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2070:Financial Times
2061:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2030:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1952:
1950:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1917:The Interpreter
1909:
1898:
1888:
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1876:
1866:
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1849:
1839:
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1792:
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1726:
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1693:
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1650:Financial Times
1635:
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1612:
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1607:
1597:
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1578:
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1539:
1529:
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1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1455:. 2 June 2021.
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1407:Walker, Peter;
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1372:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1305:(2 June 2021).
1300:
1296:
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1244:
1225:
1221:
1200:
1196:
1186:
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1141:The Independent
1132:
1128:
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869:
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855:
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796:
763:Minette Batters
680:Australian wine
592:
590:Criticism in UK
568:
531:The Australian
503:
485:Anti-corruption
440:Rules of Origin
431:Trade in Goods:
428:
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338:
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64:Trade agreement
45:
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37: Australia
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5:
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3408:
3407:
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3404:
3401:European Union
3398:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
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3215:European Union
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
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3188:
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3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3105:Ten Pound Poms
3102:
3100:Palace letters
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
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3072:
3067:
3062:
3061:
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2944:Treaty of Bern
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
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2915:
2910:
2905:
2903:Papua Act 1905
2900:
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2622:European Union
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2562:United Kingdom
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2395:External links
2393:
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2269:
2238:
2210:
2197:Farmers Weekly
2179:
2146:
2118:
2083:
2052:
2019:
1991:
1980:. 23 June 2022
1963:
1933:
1921:Lowy Institute
1896:
1874:
1847:
1822:
1800:
1767:
1734:
1701:
1668:
1637:Smyth, Jamie;
1629:
1605:
1572:
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1502:
1470:
1436:
1399:
1363:
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867:
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848:
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792:
747:its Parliament
731:Scott Morrison
723:2021 G7 summit
710:George Eustice
695:carcass weight
661:animal welfare
624:House of Lords
591:
588:
572:Lowy Institute
567:
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502:
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488:Trade Remedies
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248:United Kingdom
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3327:Multilateral
3244:Multilateral
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2808:AUSCANNZUKUS
2731:
2571:Multilateral
2380:. Retrieved
2376:The Guardian
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1381:The Observer
1379:
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276:Negotiations
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74:15 June 2021
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3403:(1993–2020)
3397:(1973–1993)
3391:(1960–1972)
3374:(1862–1897)
3368:(1860–1892)
3308:Switzerland
3303:South Korea
3264:Negotiating
3225:New Zealand
2876:Legislation
2609:Negotiating
2533:South Korea
2509:New Zealand
2290:15 December
2231:17 December
1926:11 December
1867:29 November
1840:8 September
974:19 December
755:Rishi Sunak
604:Toxic Trade
482:Environment
111:Negotiators
98:31 May 2023
3421:Categories
2792:Sue v Hill
2596:PACER Plus
2382:8 December
2354:9 December
2339:Conway, Ed
2318:8 December
2262:8 December
2203:8 December
2172:7 December
2139:7 December
2111:8 December
2076:8 December
2045:6 December
2012:9 December
1984:6 December
1953:6 December
943:References
491:Settlement
461:Investment
414:Provisions
305:sheep meat
242:Background
3359:Bilateral
3271:Bilateral
3230:Singapore
3205:Australia
3198:Bilateral
2823:Five Eyes
2785:Incidents
2725:Diplomacy
2616:Bilateral
2586:(AANZFTA)
2554:Indonesia
2547:Hong Kong
2529:Malayasia
2513:Singapore
2502:Bilateral
2443:from the
2434:from the
2412:from the
2403:from the
2312:Just Food
1977:Just Food
1554:The Times
1519:The Times
823:Ed Conway
515:Liz Truss
473:Subsidies
389:Liz Truss
336:Agreement
195:Australia
155:Liz Truss
139:Dan Tehan
103:Condition
95:Effective
3352:Obsolete
2932:Treaties
2521:Thailand
2495:Existing
2423:ABC News
2348:Sky News
2132:BBC News
2105:Politico
1835:Sky News
1787:Archived
1754:Archived
1721:Archived
1688:Archived
1655:Archived
1624:Archived
1592:Archived
1559:Archived
1524:Archived
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1457:Archived
1453:JPIMedia
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1350:Archived
1317:Archived
1312:BBC News
1289:Archived
1261:Archived
1237:Archived
1214:Archived
1181:Archived
1176:Le Monde
1146:Archived
1113:Archived
1080:Archived
1043:Archived
1004:Archived
999:BBC News
968:Archived
963:ABC News
932:Politico
850:See also
827:Sky News
794:Response
727:Cornwall
645:devolved
455:Mobility
215:Language
87:Location
3372:Belgium
3235:Vietnam
3041:Related
2580:(CPTPP)
2427:YouTube
2256:Twitter
1793:15 June
1760:15 June
1727:15 June
1716:Reuters
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1683:Reuters
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1010:16 June
843:Tim Tam
537:exports
312:⁄
254:in the
232:leaving
219:English
182:Parties
71:Drafted
60:Context
3366:France
3313:Turkey
3298:Mexico
3293:Israel
3278:Canada
3210:Canada
3191:Active
3085:CANZUK
2592:(RCEP)
1889:7 July
1815:17 May
1811:. Ctpa
1280:GOV.UK
1108:YouGov
1076:London
1039:London
657:Which?
267:YouGov
260:Brexit
79:Signed
41:
35:
3338:CPTPP
3288:India
3220:Japan
2818:AUKUS
2813:ANZUK
2628:India
2558:India
2543:China
2538:Japan
2525:Chile
2421:from
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917:Notes
479:Labor
2550:Peru
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