1271:
Gudmar; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Schramm, Katharina; Baltic, Svetlana; Kreiner-Møller, Eskil; Simpson, Angela; Pourcain, Beate St; Coin, Lachlan; Hui, Jennie; Walters, Eugene H; Tiesler, Carla M T; Duffy, David L; Jones, Graham; Ring, Susan M; McArdle, Wendy L; Price, Loren; Robertson, Colin F; Pekkanen, Juha; Tang, Clara S; Thiering, Elisabeth; Montgomery, Grant W; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa; Dharmage, Shyamali C; Husemoen, Lise L; Herder, Christian; Kemp, John P; Elliot, Paul; James, Alan; Waldenberger, Melanie; Abramson, Michael J; Fairfax, Benjamin P; Knight, Julian C; Gupta, Ramneek; Thompson, Philip J; Holt, Patrick; Sly, Peter; Hirschhorn, Joel N; Blekic, Mario; Weidinger, Stephan; Hakonarsson, Hakon; Stefansson, Kari; Heinrich, Joachim; Postma, Dirkje S; Custovic, Adnan; Pennell, Craig E; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Koppelman, Gerard H; Timpson, Nicholas; Ferreira, Manuel A; Bisgaard, Hans; Henderson, A John (30 June 2013).
277:. One study concludes that the risk of developing atopic dermatitis (3%) or atopy in general (7%) "increases by a factor of two with each first-degree family member already suffering from atopy". As well, maternal stress and perinatal programming is increasingly understood as a root cause of atopy, finding that "...trauma may be a particularly robust potentiator of the cascade of biological events that increase vulnerability to atopy and may help explain the increased risk found in low-income urban populations."
281:
proposes that excess 'cleanliness' in an infant's or child's environment can lead to a decline in the number of infectious stimuli that are necessary for the proper development of the immune system. The decrease in exposure to infectious stimuli may result in an imbalance between the infectious-response ("protective") elements and the allergic-response ("false alarm") elements within the immune system.
58:
297:
variety of factors in the lives of the
Steiner school pupils that might have contributed to this lower rate of atopy, which included breastfeeding, reduced immunization, avoidance of antibiotics and medications that reduce fevers, consumption of bio-dynamic and organic foods, and other physical aspects of the children's lives.
1670:
Amaral, André F.S.; Newson, Roger B.; Abramson, Michael J.; Antó, Josep M.; Bono, Roberto; Corsico, Angelo G.; de Marco, Roberto; Demoly, Pascal; Forsberg, Bertil; Gislason, Thorarinn; Heinrich, Joachim; Huerta, Ismael; Janson, Christer; Jõgi, Rain; Kim, Jeong-Lim; Maldonado, José; Martinez-Moratalla
280:
Environmental factors are also thought to play a role in the development of atopy, and the 'hygiene hypothesis' is one of the models that may explain the steep rise in the incidence of atopic diseases, though this hypothesis is incomplete and in some cases, contradictory to findings. This hypothesis
1270:
Bønnelykke, Klaus; Matheson, Melanie C; Pers, Tune H; Granell, Raquel; Strachan, David P; Alves, Alexessander Couto; Linneberg, Allan; Curtin, John A; Warrington, Nicole M; Standl, Marie; Kerkhof, Marjan; Jonsdottir, Ingileif; Bukvic, Blazenka K; Kaakinen, Marika; Sleimann, Patrick; Thorleifsson,
240:
In an allergic reaction, initial exposure to an otherwise harmless exogenous substance (known as an allergen) triggers the production of specific IgE antibodies by activated B cells. These IgE antibodies bind to the surface of mast cells via high-affinity IgE receptors, a step that is not itself
296:
pupils and pupils in public schools originally appeared in the May 1, 1999, edition of the
British medical journal The Lancet. The findings indicated that Steiner school pupils were "at a significantly lower risk of atopy" than children attending public schools. The researchers investigated a
1819:
Klimek, Ludger; Bachert, Claus; Pfaar, Oliver; Becker, Sven; Bieber, Thomas; Brehler, Randolf; Buhl, Roland; Casper, Ingrid; Chaker, Adam; Czech, Wolfgang; Fischer, Jörg (2020-02-12). "Correction to "ARIA guideline 2019: treatment of allergic rhinitis in the German health system"".
355:
mutations are associated with atopic eczema and may contribute to the excessive dryness of the skin and the loss of the barrier function of normal skin. It may be possible that the filaggrin mutations and the loss of the normal skin barrier expose crevices that make it possible for
1671:
Rovira, Jesús; Neukirch, Catherine; Nowak, Dennis; Pin, Isabelle; Probst-Hensch, Nicole; Raherison-Semjen, Chantal; Svanes, Cecilie; Urrutia Landa, Isabel; van Ree, Ronald; Versteeg, Serge A.; Weyler, Joost; Zock, Jan-Paul; Burney, Peter G.J.; Jarvis, Deborah L. (November 2015).
333:, IL1RL1/IL18R1, TLR1/TLR6/TLR10, LPP, MYC/PVT1, IL2/ADAD1, HLA-B/MICA) tend to be involved in allergic responses or other components of the immune system. The gene C11orf30 seems to be the most relevant for atopy as it may increase susceptibility to poly-sensitization.
475:
476:
Ralston, Stuart H., Herausgeber. Penman, Ian D., Herausgeber. Strachan, Mark W. J., Herausgeber. Hobson, Richard P., Herausgeber. Britton, Robert, Illustrator. Davidson, Leybourne S. 1894-1981 Begründer des Werks. (2018-04-23).
1761:
Reddel, Helen K.; Bateman, Eric D.; Becker, Allan; Boulet, Louis-Philippe; Cruz, Alvaro A.; Drazen, Jeffrey M.; Haahtela, Tari; Hurd, Suzanne S.; Inoue, Hiromasa; de
Jongste, Johan C.; Lemanske, Robert F. (September 2015).
316:
There is a strong genetic predisposition toward atopic allergies, especially on the maternal side. Because of the strong familial evidence, investigators have tried to map susceptibility genes for atopy. Genes for atopy
868:
González-Cervera J, Arias Á, Redondo-González O, Cano-Mollinedo MM, Terreehorst I, Lucendo AJ (2017). "Association between atopic manifestations and eosinophilic esophagitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
221:. The likelihood of having asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis together is 10 times higher than could be expected by chance. Atopy is more common among individuals with a number of different conditions, such as
360:
to colonize the skin. Atopic eczema is often associated with genetic defects in genes that control allergic responses. Thus, some investigators have proposed that atopic eczema is an allergic response to increased
1882:
1407:
Lee, S. W.; Cheong, S. H.; Byun, J. Y.; Choi, Y. W.; Choi, H. Y. (2013). "Occupational hand eczema among nursing staffs in Korea: Self-reported hand eczema and contact sensitization of hospital nursing staffs".
284:
Some studies also suggest that the maternal diet during pregnancy may be a causal factor in atopic diseases (including asthma) in offspring, suggesting that consumption of antioxidants, certain lipids, and/or a
1320:
Amaral, André F. S.; Minelli, Cosetta; Guerra, Stefano; Wjst, Matthias; Probst-Hensch, Nicole; Pin, Isabelle; Svanes, Cecilie; Janson, Christer; Heinrich, Joachim; Jarvis, Deborah L. (December 2014).
292:
A Swedish research study titled "Atopy In
Children Of Families With An Anthroposophic Lifestyle" comparing the rate of bronchial asthma, allergies, dermatitis, and other atopic diseases among
245:
reaction is the basis of the symptoms of allergic reactions, which range from sneezing and rhinorrhoea to anaphylaxis. Allergens can be a number of different substances, for example
1720:
Wollenberg, A.; Barbarot, S.; Bieber, T.; Christen-Zaech, S.; Deleuran, M.; Fink-Wagner, A.; Gieler, U.; Girolomoni, G.; Lau, S.; Muraro, A.; Czarnecka-Operacz, M. (May 2018).
241:
associated with a clinical response. However, upon re-exposure, the allergen binds to membrane-bound IgE which activates the mast cells, releasing a variety of mediators. This
1955:
1588:
Parish WE, Welbourn E, Champion RH (1976). "Hypersensitivity to
Bacteria in Eczema. Ii. Titre and Immunoglobulin Class of Antibodies to Staphylococci and Micrococci".
189:
in 1923. Many physicians and scientists use the term "atopy" for any IgE-mediated reaction (even those that are appropriate and proportional to the antigen), but many
809:
1053:
Alm, Johan S; Swartz, Jackie; Lilja, Gunnar; Scheynius, Annika; Pershagen, Göran (May 1999). "Atopy in children of families with an anthroposophic lifestyle".
715:
Simpson, Angela; Tan, Vincent Y. F.; Winn, John; Svensén, Markus; Bishop, Christopher M.; Heckerman, David E.; Buchan, Iain; Custovic, Adnan (June 2010).
528:
205:
Atopic sensitization is considered IgE positivity or prick test positivity to any common food- or air-borne allergen. Atopic conditions are considered:
2434:
1539:
1162:
510:
1948:
1321:
514:
389:
and cat, but not grass, seems to decrease over time as people age. However, the biological reasons for these changes are not fully understood.
1487:
1941:
1553:
Abramson JS, Dahl MV, Walsh G, Blumenthal MN, Douglas SD, Quie PG (1982). "Antistaphylococcal IgE in
Patients with Atopic Dermatitis".
1107:
765:
Sun, Hai-Lun; Yeh, Chih-Jung; Ku, Min-Sho; Lue, Ko-Huang (2012-01-01). "Coexistence of allergic diseases: Patterns and frequencies".
300:
The multicenter PARSIFAL study in 2006, involving 6,630 children age 5 to 13 in 5 European countries, suggested that reduced use of
2517:
2512:
2113:
2468:
2290:
716:
961:
Küster, W.; Petersen, M.; Christophers, E.; Goos, M.; Sterry, W. (December 12, 2004). "A family study of atopic dermatitis".
666:
632:
486:
532:
397:
Treatments for atopic disorders depend on the organ(s) involved. They can vary from local treatment options, often topical
1897:
1722:"Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I"
2507:
2285:
2554:
2144:
193:
reserve the word "atopy" for a genetically mediated predisposition to an excessive IgE reaction. The term is from
2326:
2188:
17:
2280:
2183:
2406:
226:
2463:
2365:
2168:
1273:"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies ten loci influencing allergic sensitization"
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2074:
2426:
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1067:
2340:
2109:
2095:
222:
186:
2213:
1976:
1930:– Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
914:"Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, IE Edition, 20th Ed: Medicine—Clinical Medicine"
167:
2344:
1062:
410:
1221:"Association Studies for Asthma and Atopic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature"
1533:
1156:
656:
1138:
622:
2502:
2497:
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2321:
2178:
2090:
1933:
218:
2209:
232:
Allergic reactions can range from sneezing and rhinorrhoea to anaphylaxis and even death.
8:
1886:
1451:
O'Regan GM, Sandilands A, McLean WH, Irvine AD (2008). "Filaggrin in Atopic
Dermatitis".
1380:
Nguyen, T.; Zuniga, R. (2013). "Skin conditions: New drugs for managing skin disorders".
2524:
373:
antigens. In addition, several studies have documented that an IgE-mediated response to
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2193:
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2010:
1968:
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552:
504:
401:, to systemic treatment options with oral corticosteroids, biological treatments (e.g.
348:
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31:
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2015:
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1468:
1425:
1389:
1354:
1302:
1252:
1193:
1176:
Blumenthal MN (2005). "The Role of
Genetics in the Development of Asthma and Atopy".
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1080:
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978:
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1989:
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81:
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2198:
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2005:
828:
386:
366:
214:
140:
1779:
2300:
2254:
2047:
1928:
Case
Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM): Environmental Triggers of Asthma
1913:
1833:
1688:
1464:
1126:
882:
735:
442:
398:
182:
1673:"Changes in IgE sensitization and total IgE levels over 20 years of follow-up"
1022:
1005:
496:
365:
colonization of the skin. A hallmark indicator of atopic eczema is a positive
2548:
2475:
2067:
1841:
1787:
939:
786:
778:
743:
620:
576:
568:
344:
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1609:
437:
406:
305:
120:
689:
655:
Ruby
Pawankar; Stephen T. Holgate; Lanny J. Rosenwasser (7 April 2009).
974:
837:
402:
301:
254:
190:
124:
1874:
1738:
1721:
1719:
1340:
553:"Maternal stress and perinatal programming in the expression of atopy"
521:
1631:
Motala C, Potter PC, Weinberg EG, Malherbe D, Hughes J (1986). "Anti-
352:
1288:
807:
432:
330:
326:
318:
308:
is associated with a reduced risk of allergic disease in children.
270:
159:
155:
1105:
30:
This article is about the disease. For the philosophical use, see
1980:
1764:"A summary of the new GINA strategy: a roadmap to asthma control"
1450:
918:
Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa
385:
In adults, the prevalence of IgE sensitization to allergens from
1902:
1106:
Flöistrup H, Swartz J, Bergström A; et al. (January 2006).
2349:
1108:"Allergic disease and sensitization in Steiner school children"
427:
422:
250:
246:
197:ἀτοπία meaning "the state of being out of place", "absurdity".
65:
1726:
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
960:
99:
57:
2316:
1269:
609:
On the classification of the phenomenon of hypersensitiveness
322:
1963:
1630:
1552:
93:
1485:
1322:"The locus increases susceptibility to poly-sensitisation"
724:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
621:
Johannes Ring; Bernhard Przybilla; Thomas Ruzicka (2006).
551:
Wright, Rosalind J; Enlow, Michelle Bosquet (2008-09-01).
1760:
174:
may also be a strong indicator for development of atopy.
87:
1818:
1669:
1006:"The genetic and environmental basis of atopic diseases"
861:
1319:
1052:
808:
Mansueto P, Seidita A, D'Alcamo A, Carroccio A (2014).
351:, symptoms of which are indistinguishable from eczema.
1587:
714:
658:
Allergy Frontiers: Classification and Pathomechanisms
143:
to otherwise harmless substances in the environment.
1864:
96:
90:
801:
147:are clinical manifestations of such inappropriate,
84:
1218:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
810:"Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: literature review"
648:
380:
343:Bleach baths provide temporary control of eczema.
1406:
2546:
2435:Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
614:
897:
1099:
1003:
479:Davidson's principles and practice of medicine
1949:
1175:
471:
469:
1538:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1492:"Bacterial Infections and Atopic Dermatitis"
1379:
1161:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
509:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
764:
550:
1956:
1942:
1677:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
513:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
466:
135:is the tendency to produce an exaggerated
56:
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1737:
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1507:
1348:
1296:
1246:
1236:
1066:
1021:
929:
836:
584:
377:is present in people with atopic eczema.
265:Atopic reactions are caused by localized
166:reaction can develop (characteristically
336:
2469:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
873:(Systematic Review and Meta-analysis).
14:
2547:
2291:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
1937:
1635:-Specific IgE in Atopic Dermatitis".
1219:Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Ober C (2003).
289:may help to prevent atopic diseases.
200:
158:component, although contact with the
557:Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
546:
544:
542:
963:Archives of Dermatological Research
24:
1602:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb07016.x
1190:10.1097/01.all.0000162306.12728.c2
529:"Mosby's Medical Dictionary:atopy"
235:
162:or irritant must occur before the
25:
2566:
2508:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
1860:
539:
462:Merriam-Webster Dictionary: Atopy
273:. Atopy appears to show a strong
170:). Maternal psychological trauma
2145:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
1509:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00146.x
80:
2327:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
2189:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
1812:
1754:
1713:
1663:
1624:
1581:
1546:
1479:
1444:
1400:
1373:
1313:
1263:
1212:
1169:
1046:
997:
954:
758:
381:Changes in prevalence over time
68:—a typical atopic manifestation
1178:Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol
931:10.1080/22201009.2008.10872174
767:Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
708:
682:
601:
455:
347:is an allergen that may cause
27:Predisposition towards allergy
13:
1:
2407:Postorgasmic illness syndrome
1822:Allergo Journal International
1567:10.1016/s0190-9622(82)80017-0
1077:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09344-1
969:(2 / January, 1990): 98–102.
448:
392:
227:non-celiac gluten sensitivity
2464:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
1768:European Respiratory Journal
1649:10.1016/0091-6749(86)90075-8
829:10.1080/07315724.2014.869996
7:
2530:Systemic autoimmune disease
2366:Allergic contact dermatitis
2286:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
2169:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
1780:10.1183/13993003.00853-2015
694:Online Etymology Dictionary
627:. Birkhäuser. pp. 3–.
416:
369:reaction to a skin test of
311:
10:
2571:
2036:common allergies include:
1834:10.1007/s40629-019-00115-4
1689:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.037
1465:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.002
1410:The Journal of Dermatology
1127:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.039
883:10.1016/j.anai.2017.02.006
871:Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
736:10.1164/rccm.200907-1101oc
661:. Springer. pp. 33–.
607:Coca AF, Cooke RA. (1923)
29:
2490:
2456:
2447:
2425:
2379:
2358:
2339:
2309:
2263:
2248:
2207:
2159:
2152:
2138:
2108:
2083:
1998:
1975:
1868:
1023:10.1080/07853890802082096
624:Handbook of atopic eczema
260:
114:
72:
64:
55:
47:
42:
2281:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
2096:Eosinophilic esophagitis
1115:J. Allergy Clin. Immunol
779:10.2500/aap.2012.33.3506
569:10.1586/1744666X.4.5.535
223:eosinophilic esophagitis
2555:Type I hypersensitivity
2397:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
2184:Guillain–Barré syndrome
1422:10.1111/1346-8138.12036
1004:Grammatikos AP (2008).
243:type I hypersensitivity
2498:Autoimmune adrenalitis
1637:J Allergy Clin Immunol
1453:J Allergy Clin Immunol
1238:10.1186/1465-9921-4-14
696:. Douglas Harper. 2019
411:allergen immunotherapy
1633:Staphylococcus aureus
363:Staphylococcus aureus
358:Staphylococcus aureus
338:Staphylococcus aureus
2503:Autoimmune hepatitis
2482:Transplant rejection
2392:Giant cell arteritis
2322:Rheumatoid arthritis
2179:Goodpasture syndrome
2091:Autoimmune urticaria
924:(2): 75. July 2008.
275:hereditary component
219:keratoconjunctivitis
1969:autoimmune diseases
1683:(6): 1788–1795.e9.
1490:, Werfel T (2001).
1061:(9163): 1485–1488.
2412:Reactive arthritis
2402:Multiple sclerosis
2296:Reactive arthritis
2194:Pemphigus vulgaris
2174:Bullous pemphigoid
2075:Penicillin allergy
2011:Allergic urticaria
1555:J Am Acad Dermatol
975:10.1007/BF00493466
349:contact dermatitis
287:Mediterranean diet
201:Signs and symptoms
32:Atopy (philosophy)
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2443:
2442:
2335:
2334:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2232:Pernicious anemia
2227:Myasthenia gravis
2104:
2103:
2027:Atopic dermatitis
2016:Allergic rhinitis
1923:
1922:
1739:10.1111/jdv.14891
1643:(4 Pt 1): 583–9.
1341:10.1111/all.12557
877:(5): 582–590.e2.
730:(11): 1200–1206.
668:978-4-431-88314-2
634:978-3-540-23133-2
488:978-0-7020-7028-0
211:allergic rhinitis
207:atopic dermatitis
168:after re-exposure
154:Atopy may have a
145:Allergic diseases
130:
129:
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2562:
2525:Sjögren syndrome
2454:
2453:
2356:
2355:
2261:
2260:
2157:
2156:
2136:
2135:
1996:
1995:
1965:Hypersensitivity
1958:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1866:
1865:
1854:
1853:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1511:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1231:(14): 14748924.
1216:
1210:
1209:
1184:(141–5): 141–5.
1173:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1137:. Archived from
1112:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1070:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1025:
1001:
995:
994:
958:
952:
951:
933:
910:
895:
894:
865:
859:
858:
840:
814:
805:
799:
798:
762:
756:
755:
721:
712:
706:
705:
703:
701:
686:
680:
679:
677:
675:
652:
646:
645:
643:
641:
618:
612:
605:
599:
598:
588:
548:
537:
536:
531:. Archived from
525:
519:
518:
508:
500:
473:
464:
459:
269:reactions to an
267:hypersensitivity
164:hypersensitivity
137:immunoglobulin E
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
60:
40:
39:
21:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2534:
2486:
2449:
2439:
2421:
2417:Type 1 diabetes
2387:Coeliac disease
2375:
2347:
2331:
2305:
2271:Arthus reaction
2252:
2236:
2222:Graves' disease
2203:
2199:Rheumatic fever
2148:
2116:
2100:
2079:
2006:Allergic asthma
1987:
1971:
1962:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1877:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1817:
1813:
1759:
1755:
1718:
1714:
1668:
1664:
1629:
1625:
1586:
1582:
1551:
1547:
1531:
1530:
1502:(11): 1034–41.
1484:
1480:
1449:
1445:
1405:
1401:
1378:
1374:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1289:10.1038/ng.2694
1277:Nature Genetics
1268:
1264:
1217:
1213:
1174:
1170:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1068:10.1.1.586.4628
1051:
1047:
1002:
998:
959:
955:
912:
911:
898:
866:
862:
812:
806:
802:
763:
759:
719:
713:
709:
699:
697:
688:
687:
683:
673:
671:
669:
653:
649:
639:
637:
635:
619:
615:
606:
602:
549:
540:
527:
526:
522:
502:
501:
489:
474:
467:
460:
456:
451:
419:
399:corticosteroids
395:
387:house dust mite
383:
367:wheal and flare
341:
314:
263:
238:
236:Pathophysiology
215:allergic asthma
203:
141:immune response
110:
83:
79:
51:Atopic syndrome
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Atopic syndrome
15:
12:
11:
5:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2460:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2353:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2301:Serum sickness
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2255:Immune complex
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1973:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1894:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:Classification
1862:
1861:External links
1859:
1856:
1855:
1811:
1774:(3): 622–639.
1753:
1732:(5): 657–682.
1712:
1662:
1623:
1580:
1561:(1): 105–110.
1545:
1478:
1443:
1416:(3): 182–187.
1399:
1372:
1335:(3): 328–333.
1312:
1283:(8): 902–906.
1262:
1211:
1168:
1098:
1045:
996:
953:
896:
860:
817:J Am Coll Nutr
800:
757:
717:"Beyond Atopy"
707:
681:
667:
647:
633:
613:
600:
563:(5): 535–538.
538:
535:on 2011-07-10.
520:
487:
465:
453:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
443:Allergic march
440:
435:
430:
425:
418:
415:
394:
391:
382:
379:
340:
335:
313:
310:
294:Steiner school
262:
259:
237:
234:
202:
199:
183:Arthur F. Coca
181:was coined by
128:
127:
118:
112:
111:
109:
108:
76:
74:
70:
69:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2567:
2556:
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2550:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:Latex allergy
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2345:cell-mediated
2342:
2338:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2276:Farmer's lung
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:(3): 285–93.
1595:
1591:
1590:Br J Dermatol
1584:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:(4): 689–93.
1458:
1454:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:FP Essentials
1376:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1350:10044/1/21574
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1158:
1144:on 2007-09-27
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1016:(7): 482–95.
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
957:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
864:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
811:
804:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
761:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
711:
695:
691:
685:
670:
664:
660:
659:
651:
636:
630:
626:
625:
617:
610:
604:
596:
592:
587:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
547:
545:
543:
534:
530:
524:
516:
512:
506:
498:
494:
490:
484:
480:
472:
470:
463:
458:
454:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
390:
388:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
354:
350:
346:
345:Ciprofloxacin
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
309:
307:
303:
298:
295:
290:
288:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
258:
257:, and foods.
256:
252:
248:
244:
233:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:(hay fever),
212:
208:
198:
196:
192:
191:pediatricians
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
122:
119:
117:
113:
104:
78:
77:
75:
73:Pronunciation
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
2371:Mantoux test
2032:Food allergy
1984:
1907:
1896:
1881:
1828:(2): 63–65.
1825:
1821:
1814:
1771:
1767:
1756:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1680:
1676:
1665:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1534:cite journal
1499:
1495:
1481:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1332:
1328:
1315:
1280:
1276:
1265:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1157:cite journal
1146:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1121:(1): 59–66.
1118:
1114:
1101:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1013:
1009:
999:
966:
962:
956:
921:
917:
874:
870:
863:
823:(1): 39–54.
820:
816:
803:
770:
766:
760:
727:
723:
710:
698:. Retrieved
693:
684:
672:. Retrieved
657:
650:
638:. Retrieved
623:
616:
603:
560:
556:
533:the original
523:
481:. Elsevier.
478:
457:
396:
384:
374:
370:
362:
357:
342:
337:
315:
306:antipyretics
299:
291:
283:
279:
264:
239:
231:
204:
187:Robert Cooke
178:
176:
171:
153:
148:
132:
131:
2022:Anaphylaxis
2018:(Hay fever)
838:10447/90208
773:(1): e1-4.
438:Anaphylaxis
407:mepolizumab
302:antibiotics
151:responses.
121:Dermatology
48:Other names
2491:Autoimmune
2380:Autoimmune
2310:Autoimmune
2153:Autoimmune
2084:Autoimmune
1909:DiseasesDB
1486:Breuer K,
1225:Respir Res
1148:2007-07-18
1055:The Lancet
819:(Review).
497:1040673074
449:References
403:omalizumab
393:Treatments
255:dust mites
156:hereditary
125:immunology
2161:Cytotoxic
1850:211089322
1842:2197-0378
1788:0903-1936
1388:: 11–16.
1063:CiteSeerX
948:220276722
940:1608-9677
787:1088-5412
744:1073-449X
611:J Immunol
577:1744-666X
505:cite book
375:S. aureus
371:S. aureus
353:Filaggrin
217:, atopic
177:The term
116:Specialty
2549:Category
2450:multiple
2448:Unknown/
2250:Type III
2214:receptor
2063:Tree nut
1806:26206872
1748:29676534
1707:26586040
1526:28897487
1518:11703215
1473:18774165
1438:33771711
1430:23294332
1394:23600334
1367:25960081
1359:25546184
1307:23817571
1257:14748924
1206:30698973
1198:15764904
1135:16387585
1093:27540120
1085:10232315
1032:18608118
1010:Ann. Med
891:28366582
855:22521576
847:24533607
795:22370527
752:20167852
595:19838310
433:Rhinitis
417:See also
331:HLA-DQB1
327:SLC25A46
319:C11orf30
312:Genetics
271:allergen
172:in utero
160:allergen
2457:Foreign
2359:Foreign
2350:T cells
2341:Type IV
2264:Foreign
2139:Foreign
2110:Type II
2053:Seafood
1999:Foreign
1981:allergy
1797:4554554
1698:4889785
1657:3771950
1618:5842899
1575:7107990
1496:Allergy
1329:Allergy
1298:4922420
991:9396200
983:2353830
690:"atopy"
586:2762209
2478:(I+IV)
2210:Type V
2048:Peanut
1977:Type I
1903:147050
1848:
1840:
1804:
1794:
1786:
1746:
1705:
1695:
1655:
1616:
1610:974019
1608:
1573:
1524:
1516:
1488:Kapp A
1471:
1436:
1428:
1392:
1365:
1357:
1305:
1295:
1255:
1248:314398
1245:
1204:
1196:
1133:
1091:
1083:
1065:
1040:188280
1038:
1030:
989:
981:
946:
938:
889:
853:
845:
793:
785:
750:
742:
700:26 Sep
665:
631:
593:
583:
575:
495:
485:
428:Asthma
423:Eczema
261:Causes
251:dander
247:pollen
149:atopic
139:(IgE)
107:
66:Eczema
2317:Lupus
2068:Wheat
1985:atopy
1914:34489
1892:691.8
1846:S2CID
1614:S2CID
1522:S2CID
1434:S2CID
1363:S2CID
1325:(PDF)
1202:S2CID
1142:(PDF)
1111:(PDF)
1089:S2CID
1036:S2CID
987:S2CID
944:S2CID
851:S2CID
813:(PDF)
720:(PDF)
674:4 May
640:4 May
409:) or
323:STAT6
195:Greek
179:atopy
133:Atopy
43:Atopy
2518:APS2
2513:APS1
2427:GVHD
2114:ADCC
2043:Milk
1967:and
1898:OMIM
1887:9-CM
1838:ISSN
1802:PMID
1784:ISSN
1744:PMID
1703:PMID
1653:PMID
1606:PMID
1571:PMID
1540:link
1514:PMID
1469:PMID
1426:PMID
1390:PMID
1355:PMID
1303:PMID
1253:PMID
1194:PMID
1163:link
1131:PMID
1081:PMID
1028:PMID
979:PMID
936:ISSN
887:PMID
843:PMID
791:PMID
783:ISSN
748:PMID
740:ISSN
702:2019
676:2010
663:ISBN
642:2010
629:ISBN
591:PMID
573:ISSN
515:link
511:link
493:OCLC
483:ISBN
304:and
225:and
185:and
2127:IgM
2122:IgG
2058:Soy
2038:Egg
1990:IgE
1883:ICD
1830:doi
1792:PMC
1776:doi
1734:doi
1693:PMC
1685:doi
1681:137
1645:doi
1598:doi
1563:doi
1504:doi
1461:doi
1457:122
1418:doi
1386:407
1345:hdl
1337:doi
1293:PMC
1285:doi
1243:PMC
1233:doi
1186:doi
1123:doi
1119:117
1073:doi
1059:353
1018:doi
971:doi
967:282
926:doi
879:doi
875:118
833:hdl
825:doi
775:doi
732:doi
728:181
581:PMC
565:doi
2551::
2212:"/
1912::
1901::
1890::
1844:.
1836:.
1826:29
1824:.
1800:.
1790:.
1782:.
1772:46
1770:.
1766:.
1742:.
1730:32
1728:.
1724:.
1701:.
1691:.
1679:.
1675:.
1651:.
1641:78
1639:.
1612:.
1604:.
1594:95
1592:.
1569:.
1557:.
1536:}}
1532:{{
1520:.
1512:.
1500:56
1498:.
1494:.
1467:.
1455:.
1432:.
1424:.
1414:40
1412:.
1384:.
1361:.
1353:.
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