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The women take pity on him during the weeks of travel, and bring him gifts each night. One woman, Atala (the half-caste
Christian daughter of Simagan), tries in vain to help him escape. On arrival at Apalachucla, his bonds are loosened and he is saved from death by her intervention. They run away and
275:
While the book's accuracy on the subject of the North
American flora is a controversial matter, it seems to be agreed that Chateaubriand never saw much of the southern territories he describes and his descriptions are based on naturalists' books. Some critics, however, argue that this is a deliberate
430:
proved very popular. Between 1801 and 1805, at least 11 editions were printed, and imagery from the book became common in the decorative arts with plates, clock faces, and furniture being decorated with scenes and images from the novella. In his memoirs, Chateaubriand mentions roadside inns being
407:
Atala falls in love with
Chactas, but cannot marry him, as she has taken a vow of chastity. In despair, she takes poison. Aubry assumes that she is merely ill, but in the presence of Chactas, she reveals what she has done, and Chactas is filled with anger until the missionary tells them that
227:
man
Chactas was "more than half civilised", and positive values are considered more or less synonymous with Christianity and Europeanisation. Nevertheless, the decision to portray at least two natives sympathetically irked later generations of readers, whose attitudes had been shaped by
388:
Lightning strikes a tree close by, and they run at random before hearing a church bell. Encountering a dog, they are met by its owner, Père Aubry, and he leads them through the storm to his idyllic mission. Aubry's kindness and force of personality impress
Chactas greatly.
263:
In the prologue, Chateaubriand starts the novella with a vividly detailed description of the natural environment of formerly French North
America more than two pages long. The expanse of wilderness is portrayed as empty and its nature as an Eden, referring to the biblical
353:
In the prologue, Chateaubriand describes the territorial landscape of former French held North
America and presents the backstory of Chactas as a transition into the novel and its frame story, handing off the story's narration to Chactas.
349:
A young disillusioned
Frenchman, René, has joined an Indian tribe and married a woman named Céluta. On a hunting expedition, one moonlit night, René asks Chactas, the old man who adopted him, to relate the story of his life.
276:
decision, intended to relate the landscape of
America to that of biblical and Miltonesque Eden, creating an extended metaphor of a paradise both post and pre-fall, symbolizing the internal conflict of the character's hearts.
385:
roam the wilderness for 27 days before being caught in a huge storm. While they are sheltering, Atala tells
Chactas that her father was Lopez, and he realises that she is the daughter of his adoptive father.
415:, and that, according to Chactas's granddaughter, neither René nor the aged Chactas survived a massacre during an uprising. The full account of Chactas's wanderings after Atala's death, in
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444:
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decorated with images of Alata, Chactas, and Aubry and wax figurines of the characters being sold at fairs. Among the artists inspired to create works of art based on
408:
Christianity permits the renunciation of vows. They tend to her, but she dies, and the day after the funeral, Chactas takes Aubry's advice and leaves the mission.
1287:
232:, and even today it is often assumed by casual readers (who do not read the prefaces) that Chateaubriand was a supporter, rather than a denouncer, of the "
722:
139:
IX (2 April 1801). The story is told from the point of view of the 73-year-old hero, Chactas, whose story is preserved by an oral tradition among the
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and exoticism of its time and went through five editions in its first year. It was adapted frequently for stage, and translated into many languages.
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The Hermit: Christian priest and missionary who lives in a cave and small mission village in the mountains; also referred to as Father Aubry
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Contrasting the cruelty and warfare of the natives with the saintliness of the missionary, it is intended as a condemnation of the
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Atala: Love of Chactas, biological daughter of Lopez, adopted daughter of Simaghan; serves as secondary main character
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240:, but continued to insist on the primacy of Christianity over all other religions and forms of spirituality.
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236:" concept. In later writings on native peoples, Chateaubriand conceded a surprising amount of ground to
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1020:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris, France: Librairie Garnier Frères. p. 247 – via Wikisource.
289:
Native American who serves as the main character and narrator for the whole story except the prologue
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began as a discarded fragment from a long prose epic the author had composed between 1793 and 1799,
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572:(3). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Romance Studies: 280.
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Lopez. After 2½ years ("thirty moons"), he sets out for home, but is captured by the
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as empty wilderness is also used to overlook the presence of indigenous peoples.
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974:"Chateaubriand's 'Atala' as a Source of Inspiration in Nineteenth-Century Art"
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Moscovici, Claudia (2001). "Hybridity and Ethics in Chateaubriand's Atala".
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381:. The chief Simagan sentences him to be burnt alive in their village.
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639:. Translated by Kline, A. S. Poetry In Translation. pp. 9–13.
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In the epilogue, it is revealed that Aubry was later killed by
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1084:. Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida
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Early novella by French author François-René de Chateaubriand
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Miscou: The Grandfather of Chactas and father of Outalissi
309:
and biological father of Atala; also referred to as Philip
143:. The work, at least partially inspired by his travels in
958:(in French). Paris: Degorge-Cadot – via Wikisource.
953:
361:
man Chactas loses his father during a battle against the
121:
Atala, or The Loves of two Indian savages in the desert
485:
in three acts, Antonio Peracchi booklet, in 1818, and
279:
419:, gives a somewhat different version of their fates.
20:
Atala, ou les Amours de deux sauvages dans le désert
111:
Atala, ou Les Amours de deux sauvages dans le désert
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702:
596:
584:
562:"Inscribed Wilderness in Chateaubriand's "Atala""
1264:
531:"Chateaubriand's "Atala" and Le Suire's America"
772:"The Paradise Setting of Chateaubriand's Atala"
473:The novella also inspired at least two operas:
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369:, where he is raised in the household of the
674:(3). University of Nebraska Press: 197–216.
541:(1/2). University of Nebraska Press: 42–56.
504:) was named after the character of Atala by
305:Lopez: Spanish man who sheltered Chactas in
296:tribe/nation and adopted as a son by Chactas
109:
1055:
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320:natives who captured Chactas after leaving
292:René: Frenchman that was accepted into the
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178:were published as part of Chateaubriand's
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268:. Throughout the text, this image of the
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1056:Butera, Andrea; Sapio, Giuseppe (1851),
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1288:Works by François-René de Chateaubriand
1075:
1265:
1036:Opening Night! - Spotlight at Stanford
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528:
1076:Koi, Sandy; Hall, Donald W. (2015).
1060:, Milan: coi tipi di Francesco Lucca
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590:
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441:Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson
299:Celuta: Native American wife of René
312:Simaghan: The head of the group of
280:Characters (in order of appearance)
13:
14:
1299:
1099:
668:Nineteenth-Century French Studies
619:. University of California Press.
535:Nineteenth-Century French Studies
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1106:Online facsimile of 1911 edition
302:Outalissi: The father of Chactas
223:"; the author insisted that the
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1012:Chateaubriand, François-René de
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950:Chateaubriand, François-René de
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631:Chateaubriand, Francois-René de
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1166:François-René de Chateaubriand
1066:is in the Library of Congress.
782:(3): 530–36 – via JSTOR.
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133:François-René de Chateaubriand
45:François-René de Chateaubriand
1:
770:Spininger, Dennis J. (1974).
721:Armstrong, Emma Kate (1907).
357:At the age of seventeen, the
617:The Myth of the Noble Savage
468:Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
422:
7:
1252:Prix Combourg-Chateaubriand
324:and adopted father of Atala
10:
1304:
1216:The Genius of Christianity
1234:
1207:
1172:
1129:Atala English translation
972:Wakefield, David (1978).
723:"Chateaubriand's America"
615:Ellingson, T. J. (2001).
202:Ăšltimos momentos de Atala
187:
98:
90:
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76:Migneret/Librairie Dupont
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58:
50:
40:
24:
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135:, first published on 12
31:"The Death of Atala" by
978:The Burlington Magazine
1224:MĂ©moires d'Outre-Tombe
1017:MĂ©moires d'Outre-tombe
404:
260:
209:
181:GĂ©nie du christianisme
120:
110:
1283:Novels set in Florida
1038:. Stanford University
680:10.1353/ncf.2001.0017
529:Pratt, T. M. (1992).
395:
367:St Augustine, Florida
251:
244:Nature and wilderness
200:
1242:Chateaubriand (dish)
1131:at Project Gutenberg
1114:Atala, audio version
937:Chateaubriand (2010)
925:Chateaubriand (2010)
913:Chateaubriand (2010)
901:Chateaubriand (2010)
889:Chateaubriand (2010)
874:Chateaubriand (2010)
859:Chateaubriand (2010)
844:Chateaubriand (2010)
825:Chateaubriand (2010)
810:Chateaubriand (2010)
798:Chateaubriand (2010)
445:Pierre-JĂ©rĂ´me Lordon
397:The Funeral of Atala
1124:English translation
21:
1273:1801 French novels
1082:Featured Creatures
1078:"Atala Hairstreak"
580:– via JSTOR.
560:Wang, Ban (1993).
549:– via JSTOR.
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19:
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939:, pp. 95–96.
927:, pp. 67–83.
230:scientific racism
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82:Publication date
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475:Giovanni Pacini
464:Andrea Gastaldi
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1100:External links
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566:Romance Notes
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502:Eumaeus atala
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1247:Conservatism
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1086:. Retrieved
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1051:
1040:. Retrieved
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650:. Retrieved
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460:Natale Carta
437:LĂ©on Cogniet
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342:
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338:Plot summary
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234:noble savage
221:noble savage
213:
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193:Christianity
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155:
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108:
107:
1227:(1849–1850)
1208:Non-fiction
1200:(1825–1826)
1197:Les Natchez
1111:(in French)
955:Les Natchez
709:Wang (1993)
591:Wang (1993)
510:Felipe Poey
483:opéra seria
448: [
417:Les Natchez
345:frame story
253:Les Natchez
215:philosophes
206:Luis Monroy
167:Les Natchez
154:Along with
149:Romanticism
63:Romanticism
1267:Categories
1088:2022-09-30
1042:2022-09-21
652:2022-09-30
508:zoologist
990:0007-6287
747:0030-8129
696:170935984
688:1536-0172
493:in 1851.
423:Influence
413:Cherokees
379:Seminoles
375:Muscogees
363:Muscogees
285:Chactas:
270:New World
141:Seminoles
73:Publisher
1014:(1910).
952:(1872).
633:(2010).
578:43802206
547:23533371
371:Spaniard
318:Seminole
314:Muscogee
238:Rousseau
137:germinal
51:Language
1173:Fiction
1032:"Atala"
401:Girodet
359:Natchez
294:Natchez
287:Natchez
225:Natchez
131:author
125:novella
117:English
67:novella
1219:(1802)
1192:(1802)
1184:(1801)
998:879073
996:
988:
756:456833
753:
745:
694:
686:
643:
576:
545:
479:Atala,
466:, and
403:(1808)
259:, 1835
208:, 1871
188:Themes
129:French
94:France
54:French
41:Author
35:(1883)
1181:Atala
994:JSTOR
751:JSTOR
692:S2CID
574:JSTOR
543:JSTOR
516:Notes
506:Cuban
491:Atala
452:]
435:were
433:Atala
428:Atala
399:, by
172:Atala
162:Atala
102:Print
59:Genre
1189:René
1064:copy
1062:. A
986:ISSN
776:PMLA
743:ISSN
727:PMLA
684:ISSN
641:ISBN
496:The
377:and
343:The
316:and
176:René
174:and
157:René
982:120
735:doi
676:doi
489:'s
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