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the relationship between unrelated items. This would include, for example, remembering the name of someone or the aroma of a particular perfume. This type of memory deals specifically with the relationship between these different objects or concepts. A normal associative memory task involves testing
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Bastin, Christine, Mohamed Ali Bahri, Frédéric Miévis, Christian
Lemaire, Fabienne Collette, Sarah Genon, Jessica Simon, Bénédicte Guillaume, Rachel A. Diana, Andrew P. Yonelinas, and Eric Salmon. "Associative Memory and Its Cerebral Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence for Distinct Deficits
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ascribes some functions in episodic memory to single neurons. Mathematical modeling of grandmother cells confirms that single neurons can indeed implement associative memory. The associative property emerges in large assemblies of single neurons receiving a multidimensional synaptic input from
68:. Operant conditioning refers to a type of learning where behavior is controlled by environmental factors that influence the behavior of the subject in subsequent instances of the stimuli. In contrast, classical conditioning is when a response is conditioned to an unrelated stimulus.
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Bjekić, J., Vulić, K., Živanović, M., Vujičić, J., Ljubisavljević, M., & Filipović, S. R. "The immediate and delayed effects of single tDCS session over posterior parietal cortex on face-word associative memory. Behavioural brain research, 2019 366:
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Bjekić, J., Čolić, M. V., Živanović, M., Milanović, S. D., & Filipović, S. R. "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over parietal cortex improves associative memory."Neurobiology of
Learning and Memory, 2019, 157:
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has been shown in the formation of associative memories. Associative memory is not considered to be localized to a single circuit, with different types of subsets of associative memory utilizing different circuitry.
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Cohen, Neal J., Jennifer Ryan, Caroline Hunt, Lorene Romine, Tracey
Wszalek, and Courtney Nash. "Hippocampal System and Declarative (relational) Memory: Summarizing the Data from Functional Neuroimaging Studies".
181:, mathematical modeling of memory formation and retrieval has been in the center of attention. For a long time, the ability to establish the relationship between unrelated items has been considered as an
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Associative memory becomes poorer in humans as they age. Additionally, it has been shown to be non-correlational with a single item (non-associative) memory function. Non-invasive
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Dennis, Nancy A., Indira C. Turney, Christina E. Webb, and Amy A. Overman. "The
Effects of Item Familiarity on the Neural Correlates of Successful Associative Memory Encoding".
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Becker, Nina, Erika J. Laukka, Grégoria
Kalpouzos, Moshe Naveh-Benjamin, Lars Bäckman, and Yvonne Brehmer. "Structural Brain Correlates of Associative Memory in Older Adults".
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Becker, Nina, Erika J. Laukka, Grégoria
Kalpouzos, Moshe Naveh-Benjamin, Lars Bäckman, and Yvonne Brehmer. "Structural Brain Correlates of Associative Memory in Older Adults".
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Brasted P. J., Bussey TJ, Murray EA, Wise SP (2002). "Fornix transection impairs conditional visuomotor learning in tasks involving nonspatially differentiated responses".
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100:. More recently, the parietal-hippocampal network has been identified as a key circuit for associative memory Humans with large medial temporal lobe
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Matzen, Laura E., Michael C. Trumbo, Ryan C. Leach, and Eric D. Leshikar. "Effects of Non-invasive Brain
Stimulation on Associative Memory".
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over prefrontal cortex has improved performance on associative memory tasks, but recent studies that stimulated posterior
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Fanselow, Michael S.; Poulos, Andrew M (2004-08-30). "The
Neuroscience of Mammalian Associative Learning".
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Wagner AD, Shannon BJ, Kahn I, Buckner RL. "Parietal lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval".
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The associations made during the learning process have a biological basis that has been studied by
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for the last few decades. The convergence of the biologically important information drives the
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Ranganath, Charan, and
Maureen Ritchey. "Two Cortical Systems for Memory-guided Behaviour".
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for different types of stimuli. The hippocampus has also shown to be the main location for
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techniques have emerged as promising tools for the improvement of associative memory.
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Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities
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of pairs of unrelated items, such as face-name pairs. Associative memory is a
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The ability to remember and learn the association between unrelated objects
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connections are made and strengthened. Additionally, involvement from the
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Gorban, Alexander N.; Makarov, Valeri A.; Tyukin, Ivan Y. (July 2019).
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have been shown to be poorer in multiple forms of associative memory.
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and functionally connected cortical areas. The main locations are the
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Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative memory functions.
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193:. More recent experimental discovery of the so-called concept or
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structures that govern associative memory are found in the
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afferent populations and synaptic plasticity obey the
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145:that is the basis of associative memory formation.
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478:, Taylor & Francis, London, New York, 2014.
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465:. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79, 2554-2558 (1982)
60:, and thus forming associative memories, are
165:showed more reliable effects. Patients with
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233:"Associative Learning and the Hippocampus"
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159:Transcranial direct-current stimulation
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56:Two important processes for learning
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476:An introduction to neural networks
241:American Psychological Association
231:Suzuki, Wendy A. (February 2005).
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341:Annual Review of Psychology
304:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
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400:Journal of Neurophysiology
567:Developmental psychology
149:Research and future work
112:, especially related to
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507:Physics of Life Reviews
72:Location and circuitry
66:classical conditioning
36:participants on their
307:13.10 (2012): 713-26.
277:15.4 (2015): 889-900.
262:1624 (2015): 286-296.
416:118 (2015): 146-153.
110:memory consolidation
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529:2019PhLRv..29...55G
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173:Mathematical models
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452:63 (2014): 99-106.
323:9.1 (1999): 83-98.
187:nonlinear dynamics
106:recognition memory
42:declarative memory
25:associative memory
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195:grandmother cells
155:brain stimulation
143:neural plasticity
122:prefrontal cortex
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414:NeuroImage
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218:References
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