Assault rifle - Knowledge

2250:""Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Kalashnikov, by then a sergeant, was injured within months when a shell stopped his T-34 tank and sent shrapnel through his shoulder. As Soviet history tells it, while Sgt. Kalashnikov recuperated, he began tinkering with infantry weapons, eventually setting his mind on designing a lightweight automatic assault rifle that would expel the better-armed Nazis from Russian soil. Soviet infantry fought World War II with two basic small arms: one was the badly outdated Mosin–Nagant Model 1891 bolt-action rifle. The other was the PPSh series of submachine guns, reliable arms that were effective but only at short range. Something better was needed, and that something was in the hands of the Nazi Wehrmacht. It was called the MP44 Sturmgewehr (assault rifle), and it could fire in full or semiautomatic mode. Chambered for a revolutionary new cartridge, a short 7.92mm round that was less powerful than a full-size rifle cartridge, yet far more powerful than the pistol cartridges for which submachine guns were chambered, the Sturmgewehr made a deep impression on the Soviets who faced it." The Father of 100 Million Rifles Mikhail Kalashnikov was a poor Russian farm boy who happened to be a mechanical genius, and for better or for worse, the rifle he designed has changed history. Article by C.J. Chivers. Uploaded on February 28, 2006" 1475:, Ian Hogg & Terry Gander, HarperCollins Publisher, 2005, p.287 Sturmgewehr 44 "This is the father of all assault rifles, developed in Germany in 1941–42 an using a new short cartridge. Originally known as the MP 43 (Machine Pistol) for Nazi political reasons, it was renamed the "Sturmgewehr 44" after its successful introduction into battle on the Eastern Front. It introduced the concept of using a short cartridge with limited range in order to permit controllable automatic fire and a compact weapon, and because experience showed that most rifle fire was conducted at ranges under 400 metres (1,300 ft). After the war, it was examined and dissected by almost every major gun-making nation and led, in one way and another, to the present-day 5.56mm assault rifles." 2141:""Born in November 1919—one of 18 children, of whom only six survived—Mikhail Kalashnikov was a Soviet T-38 tank commander in 1941, wounded in the shoulder and back when a German shell smashed part of the tank's armor into his body. "I was in the hospital, and a soldier in the bed beside me asked: 'Why do our soldiers have only one rifle for two or three of our men, when the Germans have automatics?' So I designed one. I was a soldier, and I created a machine gun for a soldier. It was called an Avtomat Kalashnikova, the automatic weapon of Kalashnikov—AK—and it carried the date of its first manufacture, 1947." An interview with Mikhail Kalashnikov, Robert Fisk, The Independent (centrist), London, England. April 22, 2001" 736: 992: 708:, which enjoyed a significant advantage over enemies armed primarily with bolt-action rifles. Although U.S. Army studies of World War II combat accounts had very similar results to that of the Germans and Soviets, the U.S. Army failed to recognize the importance of the assault rifle concept, and instead maintained its traditional views and preference for high-powered semi-automatic rifles. At the time, the U.S. Army believed that the Sturmgewehr 44 was "intended in a general way to serve the same purpose as the U.S. carbine" and was in many ways inferior to the M1 carbine, and was of "little importance". 926: 912: 533: 964: 2985:

to the M14 it replaced, ultimately allowing Soldiers to carry more ammunition. The air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle was made of steel, aluminum alloy and composite plastics, truly cutting-edge for the time. Designed with full and semi-automatic capabilities, the weapon initially did not respond well to wet and dirty conditions, sometimes even jamming in combat. After a few minor modifications, the weapon gained popularity among troops on the battlefield. Still in service today, the M16 is being phased out by the M4 carbine.

641: 62: 583: 2239:"The history of the world-known gun started on July 15th, 1943, when a captured complex—an MP-43 gun and a cartridge—were demonstrated at a meeting of the arms committee. Chief designer Nikolay Elizarov and chief engineer Pavel Ryazanov created the Soviet "interim cartridge " within a very short period of time. The technological support was provided by Boris Syomin. After that, scientists started working on a new fire arms system for that cartridge." The History of Kalashnikov Gun. Pravda. 02.08.2003 851:, continued their research in France at CEAM. The StG 45 mechanism was modified by Ludwig Vorgrimler and Theodor Löffler at the Mulhouse facility between 1946 and 1949. Vorgrimler later went to work at CETME in Spain and developed the line of CETME automatic rifles based on his improved StG 45 design. Germany eventually purchased the license for the CETME design and manufactured the Heckler & Koch G3 as well as an entire line of weapons built on the same system, one of the most famous being the 40: 1123: 426: 873:. Battlefield reports indicated that the M14 was uncontrollable in full-auto and that soldiers could not carry enough ammunition to maintain fire superiority over the AK-47. And, while the M2 Carbine offered a high rate of fire, it was under-powered and ultimately outclassed by the AK-47. A replacement was needed: A medium between the traditional preference for high-powered rifles such as the M14, and the lightweight firepower of the M2 Carbine. 901:

allowing soldiers to carry more ammunition. The air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle was made of steel, aluminum alloy and composite plastics, truly cutting-edge for the time. Designed with full and semi-automatic capabilities, the weapon initially did not respond well to wet and dirty conditions, sometimes even jamming in combat. After a few minor modifications, the weapon gained in popularity among troops on the battlefield."

90: 1060: 940: 787: 440: 1162: 398: 977:. The HK33 was essentially a smaller 5.56mm version of the 7.62×51mm Heckler & Koch G3 rifle. As one of the first 5.56mm assault rifles on the market, it would go on to become one of the most widely distributed assault rifles. The HK33 featured a modular design with a wide range of accessories (telescoping butt-stocks, optics, bi-pods, etc.) that could be easily removed and arranged in a variety of configurations. 1283: 1214: 625:, the designer of the Sturmgewehr, was captured after World War II, and, likely, helped develop the AK-47 assault rifle, which would quickly replace the SKS and Mosin in Soviet service. The AK-47 was finalized, adopted and entered widespread service in the Soviet army in the early 1950s. Its firepower, ease of use, low production costs, and reliability were perfectly suited for the Red Army's new 1179:, finding service with the armed forces of over twenty countries. It was highly advanced for the 1970s, combining in the same weapon the bullpup configuration, a polymer housing, dual vertical grips, an optical sight as standard, and a modular design. Highly reliable, light, and accurate, the Steyr AUG showed clearly the potential of the bullpup layout. In 1978, France introduced the 5.56×45mm 686: 3088:""Colt literature notes that the fourth generation of the M16 "still represents the world standard by which all other weapons of this class are judged. Its combat-proven performance is verified by the fact that over eight million M16 weapon systems have been produced and placed in military service throughout the world." Soldier Armed. M16A4 Rifle. By Scott R. Gourley. 1049: 652: 825: 2128:

Nazi shell hit his tank in the 1941 battle of Bryansk, Kalashnikov decided to design an automatic rifle combining the best features of the American M1 and the German StG44. "Blame the Nazi Germans for making me become a gun designer", said Kalashnikov, frail but sharp at age 87. "I always wanted to construct agriculture machinery.

817:. It is one of the most widely used rifles in history, having been used by more than 90 countries. The FAL was predominantly chambered for the 7.62mm NATO round, and because of its prevalence and widespread use among the armed forces of many western nations during the Cold War, it was nicknamed "The right arm of the 1135:

ballistics", reducing its range and accuracy and leading "to considerable muzzle flash and blast, so that a large flash suppressor had to be fitted". "Nevertheless, as a short-range weapon it is quite adequate and thus, its caliber, is classed as a submachine gun." Other compact assault rifles, such as the

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Interview with AK-47 rifle inventor Mikhail Kalashnikov. 'I sleep soundly' Shamed by his parents' exile, he was determined to do his bit for the Soviet cause. And so Mikhail Kalashnikov invented what was to become the world's most prolific killing machine. Nick Paton Walsh tracks down the 83-year-old

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It was before he started designing the gun that he slept badly, worried about the superior weapons that Nazi soldiers were using with grisly effectiveness against the Red Army in World War II. He saw them at close range himself while fighting on the front lines. While hospitalized with wounds after a

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cartridge in much of the world." It also led to the development of small-caliber high-velocity service rifles by every major army in the world, including the USSR and People's Republic of China. Today, many small arms experts consider the M16 the standard by which all other assault rifles are judged.

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Compendium Special Operations by Armada. Assault Rifles. by Paolo Valpolini 2/2012 "Among western armies the M4 with its 356-mm-long barrel remains the benchmark type, although reports from the field have shown some criticism regarding its reliability in sand and dusty environments due to the direct

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GX. The Guard Experience. The Pride of the Guard. by Major Darrin Haas. Volume 10. Issue 3. 2013. Page 67. "Nicknamed a 'Mattel toy' because of its small caliber and lightweight design, the M16 became the standard service rifle for U.S. forces in Vietnam in 1967. The weapon was much lighter compared

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The AK-74 assault rifle was a Soviet answer to the U.S. M16. The Soviet military realized that the M16 had better range and accuracy over the AKM, and that its lighter cartridge allowed soldiers to carry more ammunition. Therefore, in 1967, the USSR issued an official requirement to replace the AKM

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As a result, the Army was forced to reconsider a 1957 request by General Willard G. Wyman, commander of the U.S. Continental Army Command (CONARC) to develop a .223 caliber (5.56 mm) select-fire rifle weighing 2.7 kg (6 lb) when loaded with a 20-round magazine. The 5.56 mm round

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Like the Germans, the Soviets were influenced by experience showing that most combat engagements occur within 400 metres (1,300 ft) and that their soldiers were consistently outgunned by heavily armed German troops, especially those armed with Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifles. On July 15, 1943, a

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The Sturmgewehr 44 features an inexpensive, easy-to-make, stamped steel design and a 30-round detachable box magazine. "This weapon was the prototype of all successful automatic rifles. Characteristically (and unlike previous rifles) it had a straight stock with the barrel under the gas cylinder to

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The adoption of the M16, the H&K33, and the 5.56×45mm cartridge inspired an international trend towards relatively small-sized, lightweight, high-velocity military service cartridges that allow a soldier to carry more ammunition for the same weight compared to the larger and heavier 7.62×51mm

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Despite its early failures, the M16 proved to be a revolutionary design and stands as the longest continuously serving rifle in American military history. It has been adopted by many U.S. allies and the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge has become not only the NATO standard but "the standard assault-rifle

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Following the adoption of the M16, carbine variants were also adopted for close quarters operations. The AR-15 family of weapons served through the Vietnam War. However, these compact assault rifles had design issues, as "the barrel length was halved" to 10 inches (250 mm) which "upset the

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M16 Rifle Case Study. Prepared for the President's Blue Ribbon Defense Panel. March 16, 1970. By Richard R. Hallock, Colonel U.S. Army (Retired) "Used in quantity against the Soviets at Stalingrad, the German Sturmgewehr made a deep impression on the Russians. They copied the ballistics of the

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After modifications (most notably, the charging handle was re-located from under the carrying handle like it was on AR-10 to the rear of the receiver), the newly redesigned rifle was subsequently adopted as the M16 Rifle. "(The M16) was much lighter compared to the M14 it replaced, ultimately

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4172) in October 1980. The SS109 round was based on the U.S. cartridge but included a new stronger, heavier, 62-grain bullet design, with better long-range performance and improved penetration (specifically, to consistently penetrate the side of a steel helmet at 600 metres or 2,000 feet).

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The Germans were the first to pioneer the assault rifle concept during World War II, based upon research that showed that most firefights happen within 400 metres (1,300 ft) and that contemporary rifles were overpowered for most small arms combat. They would soon develop a select-fire

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In March 1970, the U.S. recommended that all NATO forces adopt the 5.56×45mm cartridge. This shift represented a change in the philosophy of the military's long-held position about caliber size. By the middle of the 1970s, other armies were looking at assault rifle-type weapons. A NATO

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Senior American commanders had faced fanatical enemies and experienced major logistical problems during World War II and the Korean War, and insisted that a single powerful .30 caliber cartridge be developed, that could be used by the new automatic rifle, and also by the new

671:). As a result, more AK-type weapons have been produced than all other assault rifles combined. As of 2004, "of the estimated 500 million firearms worldwide, approximately 100 million belong to the Kalashnikov family, three-quarters of which are AK-47s." 563:

to hold the weapon more securely in automatic fire. "The principle of this weapon—the reduction of muzzle impulse to get usable automatic fire within the actual ranges of combat—was probably the most important advance in small arms since the invention of

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round and giving it a lighter 125-grain bullet, which limited range but allowed for more controllable automatic fire. A smaller, lighter cartridge also allowed soldiers to carry more ammunition "to support the higher consumption rate of automatic fire."

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as "short, compact, selective-fire weapons that fire a cartridge intermediate in power between submachine gun and rifle cartridges." In this strict definition, a firearm must have at least the following characteristics to be considered an assault rifle:

2887:. m-14parts.com. A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE, Military History. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2006 896:

concluded that the AR-15 was the superior weapon system and ordered a halt to M14 production. At the time, the AR-15 was the only rifle available that could fulfill the requirement of a universal infantry weapon for issue to all services.

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standardization effort soon started and tests of various rounds were carried out starting in 1977. The U.S. offered the 5.56×45mm M193 round, but there were concerns about its penetration in the face of the wider introduction of

550:, and approximately half a million Sturmgewehrs were produced by the war's end. It fired a new and revolutionary intermediate powered cartridge, the 7.92×33mm Kurz. This new cartridge was developed by shortening the standard 1028:

Also during the 1970s, Finland, Israel, and South Africa introduced AK type assault rifles in 5.56×45mm. Sweden began the transition with trails in 1981 and full adaptation in 1986. During the 1990s, Russia developed the

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NATO cartridge. The 5.56mm cartridge is also much easier to shoot. In 1961 marksmanship testing, the U.S. Army found that 43% of AR-15 shooters achieved Expert, while only 22% of M-14 rifle shooters did so. Also, a lower

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reduce the turning moment of recoil of the rifle in the shoulder and thus help reduce the tendency of shots to climb in automatic fire. The barrel and overall length were shorter than a traditional rifle and it had a

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in 5.56×45mm NATO for the world export market. In addition, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia (i.e., Serbia) have also rechambered their locally produced assault rifles to 5.56mm NATO.

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round was under-powered. American weapons designers reached the same conclusion as the German and Soviet ones: an intermediate round was necessary, and recommended a small-caliber, high-velocity cartridge.

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The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rifles and Machine Guns: An illustrated historical reference to over 500 military, law enforcement and antique firearms... and automatic machine guns, a comprehensive guide

2386: 2339:"Interview with AK-47 rifle inventor Mikhail Kalashnikov. Russia celebrates Mikhail Kalashnikov's 90th birthday – the designer who armed the world. This online supplement is produced and published by 2305:

Small Arms Identification and Operations Guide-Eurasain Communist Countries. by Harold E. Johnson. September 1973. U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center of the U.S. Army Materiel Command.

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rifle. However, despite overwhelming evidence that the AR-15 could bring more firepower to bear than the M14, the Army opposed the adoption of the new rifle. In January 1963, Secretary of Defense

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The Heckler & Koch G36 is a 5.56×45mm assault rifle, designed in the early 1990s by Heckler & Koch in Germany as a replacement for the heavier G3. It was accepted into service with the

1813: 2277: 595:. The Soviets were so impressed with the Sturmgewehr that they immediately set about developing an intermediate caliber automatic rifle of their own to replace the badly outdated 1267:

mounted on top of the telescopic sight. Widely distributed, it has been adopted by over 40 countries and prompted other nations to develop similar composite designs, such as the

203:. Allied propaganda suggested that the name was chosen for propaganda purposes, but the main purpose was to differentiate the Sturmgewehr from German submachine guns such as the 1527: 1199:

cartridge, which they claim is superior to both the 5.56×45mm and the 5.45×39mm. By the turn of the century, the bullpup assault rifle design had achieved worldwide acceptance.

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dubbing them "poison bullets". The adoption of the 5.56mm NATO and the Russian 5.45×39mm cartridges cemented the worldwide trend toward small caliber, high-velocity cartridges.

2346: 847:). The rifle proved successful in the export market, being adopted by the armed forces of over 60 countries. After World War II, German technicians involved in developing the 2670: 1765: 2946: 1710: 378:", a U.S. legal category with varying definitions which includes many semi-automatic weapons. This use has been described as incorrect and a misapplication of the term. 30:

This article is about automatic firearms used by many military and law enforcement organizations. For semi-automatic firearms restricted by some United States laws, see

3069: 2482:|CUT DOWN in its Youth, Arguably Americas Best Service Rifle, the M14 Never Had the Chance to Prove Itself. By Philip Schreier, SSUSA, September 2001, p 24-29 & 46 727:, the select-fire M2 Carbine largely replaced the submachine gun in U.S. service and became the most widely used Carbine variant. Combat experience suggested that the 2020: 3306: 3259: 2081: 881:

at 460 metres (500 yd) and retain a velocity in excess of the speed of sound, while matching or exceeding the wounding ability of the .30 Carbine cartridge.

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impingement or 'gas-tube' system that tends to bring carbon blow-back into the chamber, while hot gases used to cycle the weapon generate heat problems."

2741:. Volume 36. Jane's Information Group, 2003. Page 43. "The M14 is basically an improved M1 with a modified gas system and detachable 20-round magazine." 2648: 224:. Furthermore, Hitler was initially opposed to the idea of a new infantry rifle, as Germany lacked the industrial capacity to replace the 12,000,000 1803: 5987: 357: 5776: 5534: 2316: 2722: 2050:

M16 Rifle Case Study. Prepared for the President's Blue Ribbon Defense Panel. March 16, 1970. By Richard R. Hallock, Colonel U.S. Army (Retired)

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M16 Rifle Case Study. Prepared for the Presidents Blue Ribbon Defense Panel. March 16, 1970. By Richard R. Hallock, Colonel U.S. Army (Retired)

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During the 1960s other countries would follow the Americans' lead and begin to develop 5.56×45mm assault rifles, most notably Germany with the

3303:"Tactical Life. Bulgarian AK-74 5.45x39mm. The AK-74 signified the Soviets' response to the West's M16. By Michael Humphreis October 15, 2013" 3230: 3217:

LEGION Ltd. – the producer of high quality firearms with period artistic treatment (threading, engraving, incrustation) and improved finishing

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versions of the G36 are equipped with a unique ZF 3×4° dual optical sight that combines a 3× magnified telescopic sight and an unmagnified

592: 499: 2629: 490:'Fyodorov's automatic rifle') is a select-fire infantry rifle and also one of the world's first operational automatic rifles, designed by 663:

The AK-47 was widely supplied or sold to nations allied with the USSR, and the blueprints were shared with several friendly nations (the

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After World War II, the United States military started looking for a single automatic rifle to replace the M1 Garand, M1/M2 Carbines,

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The StG 44 is generally considered the first selective fire military rifle to popularize the assault rifle concept. Today, the term

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cartridge while improving the configuration and improving the weapon. They standardized the weapon in 1947 as the AK-47 rifle."

1537:. "A Brief History of the Assault Rifle". The gun's name may have been coined by Adolf Hitler. by MICHAEL SHURKIN. JUN 30, 2016 3281: 3504: 3382: 3067: 2929: 2538: 2503: 2420: 1914: 1889: 1864: 1682: 3216: 5939: 5814: 2475: 152:

prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the

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The first confrontations between the AK-47 and the M14 ("assault rifle" vs "battle rifle") came in the early part of the

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The Heckler & Koch G3 is a 7.62×51mm, selective fire, automatic rifle produced by the German armament manufacturer

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and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German

5719: 5697: 5304: 3811: 3614: 2880: 1559:"Machine Carbine Promoted: MP43 Is Now Assault Rifle StG44, WWII Tactical and Technical Trends, No. 57, April 1945" 2186: 2144: 4237: 165: 3048: 2249: 925: 5912: 5853: 5731: 5702: 5654: 5484: 5439: 5326: 5114: 3939: 3175:"TM 9-1005-319-10 (2010) – Operator's Manual for Rifle, 5.56 MM, M16A2/M16A3/M4 (Battlesight Zero pages 48–55)" 1306: 1103: 991: 712: 543:

intermediate powered rifle combining the firepower of a submachine gun with the range and accuracy of a rifle.

491: 17: 3237:|The Kalashnikov AK-101 is an export assault rifle in operational service with at least nine nations worldwide 637:, a stronger receiver, and a longer, heavier barrel that would eventually replace the RPD light machine gun. 5741: 4897: 798: 664: 371: 5082: 1655:

The Big Book of Gun Trivia: Everything You Want to Know, Don't Want to Know, and Don't Know You Need to Know

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The FN FAL is a 7.62×51mm, selective fire, automatic rifle produced by the Belgian armaments manufacturer

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which was basically an improved select-fire M1 Garand with a 20-round magazine. The U.S. also adopted the

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are not assault rifles; they do not have detachable box magazines and are not capable of automatic fire.

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cartridge. AK-74 production began in 1974, and it was unveiled in 1977, when it was carried by Soviet

764: 5139: 3455:. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. pages 125 & 166–167. 2580:(PDF). Report No. 593. Ballistic Research Laboratories. Maryland. March 1952 (released March 29, 1973) 2314: 1735: 6036: 5836: 5459: 4995: 4083: 3249:. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications 2000. pages 233, 257, 266, 296 3207:. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications 2000. pages 235, 258, 274, 278 2720: 2436: 1558: 5602: 5396: 5119: 4739: 4541: 547: 133: 3620:"Small Arms Ammunition for the 21st Century: High-Performance Alternatives to the 5.56 NATO Round" 2809: 2230: 6026: 5592: 5391: 5032: 4973: 4337: 4322: 4196: 3951: 3807: 1325: 1099: 814: 720: 465: 723:. Early experiments with select-fire versions of the M1 Garand proved disappointing. During the 5858: 5821: 5597: 5109: 4872: 4749: 4627: 4590: 4273: 4150: 4010: 3946: 3711: 3650: 2626: 1301: 1259:

barrel trunnion (with locking recesses) and a nylon 66 steel reinforced receiver. The standard

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World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4202 (Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 10)

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during a live-fire demonstration, part of Operation Desert Shield. Note the large flash hider.

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was first introduced into service in 1964 with the United States Armed Forces. It fires the

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Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research, Development, Acquisition (1 June 1968),

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The U.S. Army was influenced by combat experience with semi-automatic weapons such as the

8: 5687: 5670: 5572: 5514: 5236: 5219: 5037: 4980: 4968: 4963: 4941: 4827: 4791: 4694: 4669: 4632: 4570: 4486: 3995: 2602: 502:. A total of 3,200 Fedorov rifles were manufactured between 1915 and 1924 in the city of 486: 121: 3635: 551: 409: 405: 5902: 5848: 5809: 5509: 5499: 5311: 5299: 4917: 4699: 4506: 4476: 4140: 3862: 3480: 2996: 2965: 2062:. 7th Edition. Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. page 242–243 2017:

Increasing Small Arms Lethality in Afghanistan: Taking Back the Infantry Half-Kilometer

1758:"What Is an Assault Weapon? At last, you can get a semiautomatic rifle with a bayonet" 839:(H&K) in collaboration with the Spanish state-owned design and development agency 5619: 5614: 5567: 5504: 5489: 5284: 5087: 5052: 4907: 4867: 4815: 4647: 4531: 4287: 4211: 4181: 4145: 4135: 4093: 3927: 3678: 3643: 3597: 3582: 3567: 3552: 3537: 3522: 3500: 3378: 3363:. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications 2000. page 271 2925: 2767: 2570: 2534: 2499: 2416: 2296: 2114: 2106: 1910: 1885: 1860: 1678: 1668: 1650: 1407: 1384: 1361: 1063: 917: 836: 716: 618: 511: 3004:, M16 Surveys in the Republic of Vietnam, Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army, 2168: 1196: 996: 986: 884:

This request ultimately resulted in the development of a scaled-down version of the

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main battle rifles are not assault rifles; they fire full-powered rifle cartridges.

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Assault Rifles and Their Ammunition: History and Prospects by Anthony G. Williams

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is used to define firearms sharing the same basic characteristics as the StG 44.

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Currently the most used assault rifle in the world along with its variants, the

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Assault Rifle: The Development of the Modern Military Rifle and Its Ammunition

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rifles already in service, only changing his mind once he saw it first-hand.

225: 153: 5519: 5156: 2110: 751:(GPMG) in concurrent development. This culminated in the development of the 5881: 5873: 5753: 5692: 5662: 5642: 5449: 5274: 5124: 4882: 4877: 4852: 4847: 4832: 4759: 4674: 4622: 4607: 4575: 4464: 4259: 4206: 4105: 4046: 4022: 3800: 3780: 3770: 3760: 3756: 3031:. By Martin J. Dougherty. The Rosen Publishing Group, Dec 15, 2012. page 26 2878:

The influence of organizational culture on the acquisition of the m16 rifle

1264: 1248: 1237: 1079: 680: 299: 276: 185: 157: 141: 2700:. Quarry.nildram.co.uk (revised 3 February 2012). Retrieved on 2011-11-23. 1095: 1094:

and the 7.62×39mm cartridge. They soon began to develop the AK-74 and the

284: 82: 5890: 5885: 5582: 5429: 5369: 5241: 5224: 5097: 5072: 4985: 4922: 4892: 4862: 4837: 4801: 4776: 4744: 4734: 4729: 4617: 4595: 4429: 4397: 4302: 4201: 4122: 3842: 2900: 2099:"AK-47 Inventor Doesn't Lose Sleep Over Havoc Wrought With His Invention" 1009: 870: 728: 560: 507: 392: 363: 149: 110: 78: 2877: 412:, it was somewhat of a predecessor. However, it had its magazine fixed. 5791: 5786: 5758: 5646: 5539: 5479: 5469: 5352: 5279: 5251: 5179: 5017: 4953: 4781: 4637: 4496: 4471: 4434: 4387: 3968: 3912: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3745: 3716: 2140: 1241: 1227: 1111: 1000: 818: 724: 705: 694: 515: 333: 295: 2799:. Ian Hogg & Terry Gander. HarperCollins Publishers. 2005 page 288 2753:. Ian Hogg & Terry Gander. HarperCollins Publishers. 2005 page 275 1452:, by Roger Pauly. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2004. page 145 & 146 5386: 5381: 5364: 5289: 5246: 5067: 5022: 4857: 4657: 4563: 4558: 4536: 4392: 4312: 4247: 4186: 3885: 3817: 3775: 1252: 1172: 1165: 1144: 1140: 945: 864: 756: 740: 701: 690: 326: 322: 244: 192:(which translates to "assault rifle") as the new name for the MP 43 ( 145: 94: 61: 49: 1187:

bullpup rifle. In the late 1990s, Israel introduced the 5.56mm NATO

404:

The 1890s Cei-Rigotti prototype was built to fire the fully powered

362:

In the United States, selective-fire rifles are legally defined as "

5843: 5831: 5374: 5258: 5214: 5204: 5199: 5175: 4927: 4912: 4516: 4407: 4071: 3922: 3880: 3832: 3785: 2592:, by Matthew Hughes & Gaynor Johnson, Frank Cass & Co, 2005 2102: 1059: 802: 305:

It must have an effective range of at least 300 metres (330 yards).

27:

Self-loading rifle that fires an intermediate-power rifle cartridge

1161: 786: 397: 336:

are not assault rifles; they do not have select-fire capabilities.

5714: 5406: 5321: 5229: 5209: 5187: 5027: 4754: 4414: 4164: 4088: 3872: 3827: 3822: 3790: 3694: 3666: 3147:"An Improved Battlesight Zero for the M4 Carbine and M16A2 Rifle" 1808: 1176: 1156: 1147:, have been made and they have also been called submachine guns. 1087: 668: 600: 546:

The result was the Sturmgewehr 44, an improvement of the earlier

439: 101:

cartridge, and is the most produced assault rifle in its caliber.

39: 3630:

Before the Sturmgewehr: Assault Rifle Developments Prior to 1942

1934:. T.B.N. Enterprises. p. 149; see also discussion on p. 15. 1789:

Firearms: Global Perspectives on Consequences, Crime and Control

5524: 5416: 5331: 5129: 3895: 3795: 3726: 3564:

Assault Weapons: An In-Depth Look at the Hottest Weapons Around

1732:"US Army intelligence document FSTC-CW-07-03-70, November 1970" 1192: 1127: 1030: 1021: 878: 791: 776: 768: 536: 527: 503: 318: 268: 200: 129: 44: 3443:, 7th Edition, 2000 by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks, p. 166 3415:. by Gordon L Rottman. Osprey Publishing, Jan 1, 2012. page 32 2437:"Machine Carbine Promoted, M.P. 43 Is Now "Assault Rifle 44", 1213: 1012:

impulse, allows for more controllable automatic weapons fire.

457:

The Fedorov Avtomat (also anglicized as Federov, Russian:

309:

Rifles that meet most of these criteria, but not all, are not

4347: 4342: 4327: 4282: 3978: 3403:, 7th Edition, 2000 by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks, p.271 2953:

The M14 not much for fighting (A case against the M14 legend)

1987:, 7th Edition, 2000 by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks, p.243 1703:"Meet the Most Influential Gun Designers of the 20th Century" 1256: 1183:

bullpup rifle. In 1985, the British introduced the 5.56×45mm

1180: 1083: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1052: 1043: 840: 656: 634: 577: 374:. However, the term "assault rifle" is often conflated with " 272: 204: 169: 113: 74: 70: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 685: 3330:. by Marco Vorobiev. F+W Media, Inc. Jun 15, 2016. page 107 2464:

The M16. By Gordon Rottman. Osprey Publishing, 2011. page 6

1804:"Assault Weapon vs. Assault Rifle: What Is the Difference?" 1731: 1358:

The Fighting Rifle: A Complete Study of the Rifle in Combat

1136: 1020:. In the end the Belgian 5.56×45mm SS109 round was chosen ( 806: 137: 3615:

Assault Rifles and Their Ammunition: History and Prospects

2729:

Small Arms Review, M14 VS. M16 IN VIETNAM, By Robert Bruce

2691:

Assault Rifles And Their Ammunition: History and Prospects

2343:(Russia), which takes sole responsibility for the content" 2284:. Popular Mechanics (2010-10-12). Retrieved on 2012-02-09. 89: 4332: 4292: 3721: 3706: 3665: 1938: 1421: 1419: 1184: 852: 630: 611: 340: 339:

Semi-automatic-only rifles with fixed magazines like the

66: 2627:

HyperWar: The Big 'L'-American Logistics in World War II

2164: 2162: 1429:, vol. II, The Goetz Company, Washington, D.C. (1967): 1 1048: 5641: 3120: 3118: 824: 651: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2665: 2663: 2661: 1416: 1110:, where the lethality of the 5.45mm rounds led to the 610:

cartridge, which was first used in the semi-automatic

313:

according to the U.S. Army's definition. For example:

2159: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 1586:, vol. II, The Goetz Company, Washington, D.C. (1967) 767:

in major combat roles. Its NATO partners adopted the

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Centro de Estudios Técnicos de Materiales Especiales

629:

doctrines. In the 1960s, the Soviets introduced the

2703: 2658: 2372:"Weaponomics: The Global Market for Assault Rifles" 2292: 2290: 1612:, Third Ed., Hippocrene Books, New York (1977): 159 1175:bullpup rifle, often cited as the first successful 347: 3338: 3336: 3270: 3169: 3167: 2177:| Armed Forces History Museum, AK-47 assault rifle 2065: 1923: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 2961: 2959: 2221: 1932:The World's Assault Rifles and Automatic Carbines 1839:(7th ed.). Krause Publications. p. 267. 1625:, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2002, p. 218 603:submachine guns that armed most of the Red Army. 6018: 3436: 3434: 3396: 3394: 2895: 2893: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2831:. Gordon Rottman. Osprey Publishing, 2002. p. 41 2560:. Americanrifleman.org. Retrieved on 2011-11-23. 2287: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1398: 1396: 1375: 1373: 1352: 1350: 358:Assault weapons legislation in the United States 5962:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW) 3366: 3333: 3164: 2975:. Department of the Army. dtic.mil. 1 June 1968 2324:at his tranquil lakeside. by Nick Paton Walsh. 1930:Musgrave, Daniel D.; Nelson, Thomas B. (1967). 1848: 1846: 659:, based on the Polish licensed version of AK-47 3034: 2956: 2785:Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 2 G-Ł 2491: 2404: 2187:Chapter 1. Symbol of violence, war and culture 2088:. Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved on 2011-11-19. 1929: 1856:Rifles: An Illustrated History of their Impact 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 279:; examples of intermediate cartridges are the 220:, and Hitler had no input besides signing the 3651: 3431: 3391: 2924:. New York: Stackpole Books. pp. 46–47. 2890: 2851: 2204: 2202: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1969: 1879: 1749: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1393: 1370: 1347: 999:and 5.56×45mm NATO cartridges compared to an 458: 4365: 3413:The AK-47: Kalashnikov-Series Assault Rifles 2571:An effectiveness study of the infantry rifle 2365: 2363: 1843: 1674:The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series assault rifles 1661: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1225: 500:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 5174: 3141: 3139: 2485: 1623:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II 1318: 172:and the M16 designs and their derivatives. 3658: 3644: 3463: 3461: 3278:"AK-74 Assault Rifle – Military-Today.com" 3210: 2669:Col. E. H. Harrison (NRA Technical Staff) 2603:"South to the Naktong – North to the Yalu" 2275:History of AK-47 Gun – The Gun Book Review 2199: 1990: 1898: 1880:Fowler, William; Sweeney, Patrick (2008). 1835:Hogg, Ian V. & Weeks, John S. (2000). 1582:Musgave, Daniel D., and Thomas B. Nelson, 1540: 1478: 1425:Musgave, Daniel D., and Thomas B. Nelson, 1171:In 1977, Austria introduced the 5.56×45mm 3481:US5513461A - Light-weight automatic rifle 2655:. Almc.army.mil. Retrieved on 2011-11-23. 2590:Fanaticism And Conflict In The Modern Age 2369: 2360: 1834: 1455: 1202: 1117: 674: 593:People's Commissariat of Arms of the USSR 510:, but was used more substantially in the 210:It has been suggested, however, that the 156:in most of the world's armies, replacing 3581:. Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press Ltd. 3136: 2037: 2035: 2033: 1852: 1450:Firearms: The Life Story of a Technology 1212: 1160: 1121: 1058: 1047: 990: 962: 823: 809:(NATO) countries, most notably with the 785: 734: 684: 650: 639: 591:Sturmgewehr was demonstrated before the 581: 531: 396: 136:. While immediately after World War II, 88: 60: 38: 3534:Tactical Small Arms of the 21st Century 3458: 3453:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 3441:Military Small Arms Of The 20th Century 3401:Military Small Arms Of The 20th Century 3372: 3361:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 3247:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 3205:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 2988: 2636:. Ibiblio.org. Retrieved on 2011-12-24. 2091: 2060:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 1985:Military Small Arms Of The 20th Century 1837:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 1816:from the original on September 28, 2022 1768:from the original on September 13, 2014 1756:Koerner, Brendan (September 16, 2004). 1755: 1667: 1649: 1635:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 1610:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 1404:Special Forces Combat Firing Techniques 1381:Special Forces Foreign Weapons Handbook 14: 6019: 1904: 1873: 1599:, Crescent Books, New York (1978): 169 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1232:in 1997, replacing the G3. The G36 is 5640: 5173: 4364: 3744: 3743: 3639: 2919: 2030: 1786: 1780: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1645: 1643: 1336:from the original on 24 November 2012 1236:and feeds from a 30-round detachable 633:, itself an AK-47 type weapon with a 479: 124:. Assault rifles were first put into 6042:German inventions of the Nazi period 3471:– tom 2 G-Ł. Bellona. 2001. pp17-21. 3469:Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej 3260:"Arsenal AR-M1 5.56mm assault rifle" 2966:Report of the M16 rifle review panel 2410: 2392:from the original on 12 January 2012 2256:from the original on August 15, 2016 2147:from the original on October 1, 2016 1828: 1801: 1657:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 26. 1637:, 7th Edition, Ian V. Hogg, page 243 332:Semi-automatic-only rifles like the 3309:from the original on August 1, 2016 2739:Jane's International Defence Review 1432: 1126:A USAF security policeman aims his 298:must be supplied from a detachable 24: 3511: 3483:. Google.com. Retrieved 2015-7-15. 1691: 1640: 807:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 667:standing out among these with the 446:Ribeyrolles 1918 automatic carbine 25: 6053: 3608: 3328:Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to AKs 3011:from the original on 4 March 2016 2810:M14 Rifle History and Development 2370:Killicoat, Phillip (April 2007). 1907:Military Rifles of Two World Wars 1255:. The receiver has an integrated 877:had to penetrate a standard U.S. 521: 175: 77:was first adopted in 1949 by the 2766:. Chartwell Books, Inc. (1998). 2498:. Osprey Publishing. p. 6. 1677:. Osprey Publishing. p. 9. 1281: 938: 924: 910: 438: 424: 348:Distinction from assault weapons 3594:German Assault Rifle: 1935–1945 3519:Twenty-First Century Small Arms 3474: 3446: 3428:, p. 133, Springer, 27 Jul 2016 3418: 3406: 3354: 3346:. June 29, 2011. Archived from 3321: 3295: 3284:from the original on 2015-01-09 3252: 3240: 3222: 3198: 3187:from the original on 2014-02-08 3153:from the original on 2011-10-25 3104:from the original on 2015-09-23 3080: 3061: 3022: 2978: 2938: 2913: 2834: 2829:Green Beret in Vietnam: 1957–73 2822: 2802: 2790: 2777: 2756: 2744: 2732: 2683: 2639: 2620: 2609:from the original on 2013-11-02 2595: 2583: 2563: 2544: 2523: 2512:from the original on 2016-01-24 2467: 2458: 2447:from the original on 2008-01-16 2429: 2331: 2308: 2268: 2242: 2180: 2133: 2053: 1795: 1738:from the original on 2012-08-29 1724: 1713:from the original on 2021-01-17 1628: 1615: 1602: 1589: 1576: 1565:from the original on 2012-09-21 1220:with a loaded 30-round magazine 606:The Soviets soon developed the 317:Select-fire rifles such as the 132:, a development of the earlier 2998:Report of the M16 Review Panel 2920:Ezell, Edward Clinton (1983). 1307:List of most produced firearms 980: 713:M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle 492:Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov 415: 386: 168:modern assault rifles are the 13: 1: 5827:Firearms by country 5742:Civilian Marksmanship Program 3577:Popenker, M., et al. (2004). 3489: 2797:Jane's Guns Recognition Guide 2751:Jane's Guns Recognition Guide 2439:Tactical and Technical Trends 1802:Lord, Debbie (May 26, 2022). 1473:Jane's Guns Recognition Guide 1191:. In 1997, China adopted the 799:Fabrique Nationale de Herstal 372:Firearm Owners Protection Act 238: 216:was responsible for the name 140:countries were equipped with 3499:. Bantam Dell Publishing. 2533:. Osprey Publishing. p. 35. 1884:. Lorenz Books. p. 68. 1608:Hogg, Ivan, and John Weeks, 1312: 494:in 1915 and produced in the 481:[ɐftɐˈmatˈfʲɵdərəvə] 265:intermediate-power cartridge 199:, subsequently known as the 118:intermediate-rifle cartridge 7: 5998:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 5896:Campaign Against Arms Trade 3497:American Rifle: A Biography 3344:"IZHMASH JSC official site" 3058:. NATO Army Armaments Group 2415:. Delta. pp. 403–405. 2413:American Rifle: A Biography 2196:. oneworld-publications.com 1701:Suciu, Peter (2020-11-26). 1561:. Lone Sentry. 2007-05-10. 1274: 1150: 749:general-purpose machine gun 471: 188:, who used the German word 184:is generally attributed to 10: 6058: 5952:High-capacity magazine ban 5078:Mean time between failures 3521:. MBI Publishing Company. 2079:Weapon Of Mass Destruction 1787:Poole, Helen (2021). "2". 1584:The World's Assault Rifles 1427:The World's Assault Rifles 1402:R.J. Scroggie, F.A. Moyer 1297:Glossary of firearms terms 1206: 1154: 1041: 984: 956: 862: 765:M1919 Browning machine gun 678: 665:People's Republic of China 575: 525: 390: 381: 351: 29: 5970: 5920: 5911: 5872: 5800: 5752: 5681:Household ownership rates 5661: 5636: 5558: 5415: 5360: 5351: 5267: 5195: 5186: 5169: 5010: 4949: 4940: 4823: 4814: 4715: 4383: 4374: 4360: 4272: 4220: 4177: 4163: 4121: 3991: 3977: 3871: 3752: 3739: 3690: 3686: 3495:Rose, Alexander (2008). 2646:The Logistics of Invasion 2328:, Thursday 9 October 2003 2015:Major Thomas P. Ehrhart " 1909:. Greenhill. p. 19. 1859:. ABC-CLIO. p. 135. 459: 370:and since 1986 under the 271:but less than a standard 144:, the development of the 2787:, page 7. Bellona, 2001. 2411:Rose, Alexander (2009). 1853:Westwood, David (2005). 1791:. Routledge. p. 21. 1037: 571: 548:Maschinenkarabiner 42(H) 5982:by U.S. state 5392:Overpressure ammunition 5327:Improved Military Rifle 5033:Circular error probable 3952:Personal defence weapon 3626:magazine, May–June 2006 3566:. Krause Publications. 3551:. Sydney: Paul Hamlyn. 3377:. Penguin. p. 70. 3373:Dockery, Kevin (2007). 2922:Small Arms of the World 2529:Leroy Thompson (2011). 2492:Gordon Rottman (2011). 1595:Myatt, Major Frederic, 1330:Encyclopædia Britannica 1078:(left) as well as rare 975:Heckler & Koch HK33 959:Heckler & Koch HK33 952: 837:Heckler & Koch GmbH 805:it was adopted by many 775:rifles, as well as the 721:Thompson submachine gun 599:bolt-action rifles and 5676:Civilian gun ownership 5205:Firing (Shooting) 2840:Hutton, Robert (ed.), 2551:Arms of the Chosin Few 2192:June 16, 2012, at the 1302:List of assault rifles 1226: 1221: 1218:Heckler & Koch G36 1209:Heckler & Koch G36 1203:Heckler & Koch G36 1168: 1131: 1118:Compact assault rifles 1090: 1056: 1004: 970: 858: 832: 813:as the semi-automatic 794: 743: 697: 675:Post-StG battle rifles 660: 648: 587: 539: 401: 256:It must be capable of 102: 86: 58: 53:in 1944. It fires the 5150:Handgun effectiveness 5083:Minute of Angle (MOA) 4959:Ballistic coefficient 3935:Semi-automatic pistol 3547:Halls, Chris (1974). 3517:Crawford, S. (2003). 3049:Weapons & Sensors 2848:Annual Edition, 1971. 2696:June 2, 2014, at the 1905:Walter, John (2003). 1707:The National Interest 1216: 1164: 1125: 1062: 1051: 994: 966: 830:Heckler & Koch G3 827: 789: 773:Heckler & Koch G3 763:, which replaced the 738: 688: 654: 646:Type 56 assault rifle 643: 631:RPK light machine gun 585: 535: 400: 368:National Firearms Act 352:Further information: 92: 64: 42: 5767:in the United States 5425:Armour piercing 4986:Rangefinding/keeping 4898:Push/Controlled feed 4690:Synchronization gear 4425:Blank-firing adapter 4276: or famous 3536:. Gun Digest Books. 3532:Cutshaw, C. (2006). 3092:. July 2008 page 75" 2605:. History.army.mil. 2252:. 25 December 2013. 811:British Commonwealth 267:: more power than a 5859:Privately made 5822:Firearm brands 5708:State firearms 5688:Exhibition shooting 5671:Celebratory gunfire 5530:Plastic tipped 5460:High explosive 4981:Physics of firearms 3592:Senich, P. (1987). 3305:. 16 October 2013. 2876:Danford Allan Kern 2689:Anthony G Williams 166:two most successful 164:in most roles. The 158:full-powered rifles 122:detachable magazine 47:was adopted by the 5957:Right to bear arms 5903:Featureless rifles 5849:Improvised firearm 5810:3D printed firearm 5698:United States 5593:Fully powered 5500:Total metal jacket 5140:Stock measurements 3863:Underwater firearm 3759: versus 3562:Lewis, J. (2004). 3467:Woźniak, Ryszard. 3426:War in Afghanistan 3233:2014-07-01 at the 3130:2014-06-02 at the 3072:2013-12-03 at the 3054:2012-09-04 at the 2971:2015-09-24 at the 2949:2016-08-27 at the 2906:2013-10-29 at the 2883:2013-11-05 at the 2819:. October 10, 2006 2815:2017-12-15 at the 2783:Woźniak, Ryszard: 2725:2016-04-22 at the 2676:2015-11-07 at the 2651:2015-06-22 at the 2632:2013-12-03 at the 2576:2015-09-24 at the 2556:2013-12-05 at the 2478:2013-12-04 at the 2341:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 2319:2017-05-10 at the 2301:2016-03-04 at the 2280:2014-08-03 at the 2235:2015-10-15 at the 2213:2015-09-06 at the 2084:2011-09-27 at the 2046:2015-09-06 at the 2023:2013-07-19 at the 1962:2015-09-06 at the 1530:2017-03-30 at the 1222: 1169: 1132: 1102:during the annual 1091: 1057: 1005: 971: 833: 795: 755:cartridge and the 744: 698: 661: 649: 588: 540: 402: 103: 87: 59: 6032:German inventions 6014: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 5971:United States Gun 5632: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5515:Hollow point 5440:Full metal jacket 5347: 5346: 5305:Tubes and Primers 5165: 5164: 5115:Power factor 5053:Gun harmonisation 5006: 5005: 4936: 4935: 4810: 4809: 4792:Night vision 4356: 4355: 4268: 4267: 4182:Automatic shotgun 4159: 4158: 3746:Types of firearms 3735: 3734: 3632:—The Firearm Blog 3596:. Paladin Press. 3549:Guns in Australia 3505:978-0-553-80517-8 3384:978-0-425-21750-4 3266:on June 18, 2014. 3047:Per G. Arvidsson 2931:978-0-88029-601-4 2899:Peter G. Kokalis 2671:New Service Rifle 2539:978-1-84908-907-4 2505:978-1-84908-690-5 2422:978-0-553-38438-3 2383:Oxford University 2027:. U.S. Army. 2009 1916:978-1-85367-536-2 1891:978-0-7548-1758-1 1866:978-1-85109-401-1 1684:978-1-84908-835-0 1597:Modern Small Arms 1104:Red Square parade 1064:Kalashnikov rifle 801:(FN). During the 619:light machine gun 512:Russian Civil War 498:and later in the 489: 472:Avtomát Fyódorova 469: 460:Автома́т Фёдорова 16:(Redirected from 6049: 6037:Personal weapons 5918: 5917: 5864:Small arms trade 5802:Firearm industry 5653:, and 5638: 5637: 5510:Hollow base 5358: 5357: 5337:Smokeless powder 5193: 5192: 5171: 5170: 5120:Precision-guided 4947: 4946: 4821: 4820: 4628:Rail system 4502:Flash suppressor 4381: 4380: 4362: 4361: 4308:Winchester rifle 4298:Antique firearms 4228:20-gauge shotgun 4175: 4174: 3989: 3988: 3741: 3740: 3688: 3687: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3637: 3636: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3465: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3429: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3340: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3262:. Archived from 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3186: 3179: 3171: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3158: 3143: 3134: 3122: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3103: 3096: 3084: 3078: 3065: 3059: 3045: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3010: 3003: 2992: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2963: 2954: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2917: 2911: 2897: 2888: 2874: 2849: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2781: 2775: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2718: 2701: 2687: 2681: 2680:(PDF). June 1957 2667: 2656: 2643: 2637: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2614: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2567: 2561: 2548: 2542: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2517: 2489: 2483: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2376: 2367: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2345:. Archived from 2335: 2329: 2312: 2306: 2294: 2285: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2246: 2240: 2228: 2219: 2206: 2197: 2184: 2178: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2122: 2113:. Archived from 2095: 2089: 2076: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2039: 2028: 2013: 1988: 1982: 1967: 1955: 1936: 1935: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1850: 1841: 1840: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1743: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1698: 1689: 1688: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1647: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1619: 1613: 1606: 1600: 1593: 1587: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1555: 1538: 1523: 1476: 1470: 1453: 1447: 1430: 1423: 1414: 1400: 1391: 1377: 1368: 1354: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1341: 1322: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1231: 1100:parachute troops 942: 928: 914: 566:smokeless powder 552:7.92×57mm Mauser 485: 483: 478: 474: 464: 462: 461: 442: 428: 410:6.5×52mm Carcano 406:7.65×53mm Mauser 263:It must have an 222:production order 195:Maschinenpistole 21: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6002: 5966: 5935:Concealed carry 5930:Assault weapons 5925:Air travel 5907: 5884: and 5868: 5796: 5756: 5748: 5737:Shooting sports 5727:Pistol duelling 5657: 5624: 5588:Rifle cartridge 5554: 5495:Supercavitating 5490:Soft point 5411: 5343: 5317:Ball propellant 5263: 5182: 5161: 5157:Twist rate 5048:Gun chronograph 5038:Effective range 5002: 4932: 4903:Recoil-operated 4806: 4711: 4370: 4352: 4338:Colt Peacemaker 4264: 4238:Dragon's breath 4233:Breaching round 4216: 4197:Double-barreled 4155: 4131:General purpose 4117: 3973: 3867: 3808:Multiple-barrel 3748: 3731: 3682: 3664: 3611: 3514: 3512:Further reading 3492: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3432: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3342: 3341: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3235:Wayback Machine 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3156: 3154: 3145: 3144: 3137: 3132:Wayback Machine 3123: 3116: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3074:Wayback Machine 3066: 3062: 3056:Wayback Machine 3046: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2979: 2973:Wayback Machine 2964: 2957: 2951:Wayback Machine 2943: 2939: 2932: 2918: 2914: 2910:. nodakspud.com 2908:Wayback Machine 2898: 2891: 2885:Wayback Machine 2875: 2852: 2846:Guns & Ammo 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2817:Wayback Machine 2807: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2782: 2778: 2762:Bishop, Chris. 2761: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2727:Wayback Machine 2719: 2704: 2698:Wayback Machine 2688: 2684: 2678:Wayback Machine 2668: 2659: 2653:Wayback Machine 2644: 2640: 2634:Wayback Machine 2625: 2621: 2612: 2610: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2578:Wayback Machine 2569:Donald L. Hall 2568: 2564: 2558:Wayback Machine 2549: 2545: 2528: 2524: 2515: 2513: 2506: 2490: 2486: 2480:Wayback Machine 2472: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2450: 2448: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2409: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2374: 2368: 2361: 2352: 2350: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2321:Wayback Machine 2313: 2309: 2303:Wayback Machine 2295: 2288: 2282:Wayback Machine 2273: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2237:Wayback Machine 2229: 2222: 2215:Wayback Machine 2207: 2200: 2194:Wayback Machine 2185: 2181: 2167: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2120: 2118: 2105:. 6 July 2007. 2097: 2096: 2092: 2086:Wayback Machine 2077: 2066: 2058: 2054: 2048:Wayback Machine 2040: 2031: 2025:Wayback Machine 2014: 1991: 1983: 1970: 1964:Wayback Machine 1956: 1939: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1851: 1844: 1833: 1829: 1819: 1817: 1800: 1796: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1754: 1750: 1741: 1739: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1714: 1699: 1692: 1685: 1669:Rottman, Gordon 1666: 1662: 1651:Rottman, Gordon 1648: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1620: 1616: 1607: 1603: 1594: 1590: 1581: 1577: 1568: 1566: 1557: 1556: 1541: 1532:Wayback Machine 1524: 1479: 1471: 1456: 1448: 1433: 1424: 1417: 1401: 1394: 1378: 1371: 1355: 1348: 1339: 1337: 1332:. 3 July 2010. 1326:"Assault rifle" 1324: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1269:FX-05 Xiuhcoatl 1211: 1205: 1159: 1153: 1120: 1046: 1040: 989: 983: 961: 955: 948: 943: 934: 929: 920: 915: 894:Robert McNamara 867: 861: 781:Rheinmetall MG3 717:M3 "Grease Gun" 683: 677: 623:Hugo Schmeisser 580: 574: 530: 524: 476: 454: 452: 451: 450: 449: 448: 443: 435: 434: 432:Fedorov Avtomat 429: 418: 408:and the weaker 395: 389: 384: 360: 350: 241: 213:Heereswaffenamt 178: 162:submachine guns 154:standard weapon 126:mass production 81:. It fires the 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6055: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6027:Assault rifles 6012: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5932: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5878: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5806: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5772:Assassinations 5769: 5763: 5761: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5690: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5634: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5421: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5378: 5377: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5295:Percussion cap 5292: 5282: 5277: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5145:Stopping power 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5063:Length of pull 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4888:Out-of-battery 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4721: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4512:Forward assist 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4482:Cocking handle 4479: 4474: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4366:Mechanics and 4358: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4279: 4277: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4192:Combat shotgun 4189: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4161: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4127: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4103: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4086: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4020: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3959: 3957:Submachine gun 3954: 3947:Pistol caliber 3944: 3943: 3942: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3691: 3684: 3683: 3663: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3627: 3617: 3610: 3609:External links 3607: 3606: 3605: 3590: 3575: 3560: 3545: 3530: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3473: 3457: 3445: 3430: 3417: 3405: 3390: 3383: 3375:Future Weapons 3365: 3353: 3350:on 2011-06-29. 3332: 3320: 3294: 3269: 3251: 3239: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3163: 3135: 3114: 3079: 3060: 3033: 3021: 2987: 2977: 2955: 2937: 2930: 2912: 2889: 2850: 2833: 2821: 2801: 2789: 2776: 2764:Guns in Combat 2755: 2743: 2731: 2702: 2682: 2657: 2638: 2619: 2594: 2582: 2562: 2543: 2531:The M1 Carbine 2522: 2504: 2484: 2466: 2457: 2428: 2421: 2403: 2359: 2330: 2307: 2286: 2267: 2241: 2220: 2198: 2179: 2173:2013-06-16 at 2158: 2132: 2117:on 3 June 2010 2090: 2064: 2052: 2029: 1989: 1968: 1937: 1922: 1915: 1897: 1890: 1872: 1865: 1842: 1827: 1794: 1779: 1748: 1734:. Gunfax.com. 1723: 1690: 1683: 1671:(3 May 2011). 1660: 1639: 1627: 1621:Chris Bishop, 1614: 1601: 1588: 1575: 1539: 1477: 1454: 1431: 1415: 1392: 1369: 1346: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1289:History portal 1276: 1273: 1207:Main article: 1204: 1201: 1155:Main article: 1152: 1149: 1119: 1116: 1042:Main article: 1039: 1036: 997:7.62×51mm NATO 987:5.56×45mm NATO 985:Main article: 982: 979: 957:Main article: 954: 951: 950: 949: 944: 937: 935: 932:ArmaLite AR-15 930: 923: 921: 916: 909: 890:ArmaLite AR-15 886:ArmaLite AR-10 863:Main article: 860: 857: 849:Sturmgewehr 45 753:7.62×51mm NATO 679:Main article: 676: 673: 627:mobile warfare 586:Variants of AK 576:Main article: 573: 570: 537:Sturmgewehr 44 526:Main article: 523: 522:Sturmgewehr 44 520: 496:Russian Empire 444: 437: 436: 430: 423: 422: 421: 420: 419: 417: 414: 391:Main article: 388: 385: 383: 380: 376:assault weapon 354:Assault weapon 349: 346: 345: 344: 337: 330: 311:assault rifles 307: 306: 303: 292: 289:5.56×45mm NATO 281:7.92×33mm Kurz 261: 258:selective fire 249:assault rifles 240: 237: 201:Sturmgewehr 44 177: 176:Origin of term 174: 99:5.56×45mm NATO 55:7.92×33mm Kurz 32:assault weapon 26: 18:Assault rifles 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6054: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5854:Most-produced 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5695: 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5240: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5009: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4883:Muzzleloading 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4848:Breechloading 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4817: 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