252:, who was invested with fiscal and military authority in the province. As a result of Aslam's influence with the tribesmen, Sa'id was compelled to accept him as his partner over Khurasan. Aslam and Sa'id entered into disagreements over possession of the war booty following Sa'id's campaigns into Transoxiana. Aslam refused to give Sa'id the tax revenue he collected from the province to forward to the central government; rather, he delivered it to Ubayd Allah in person in Basra, and lodged a complaint about Sa'id to Mu'awiya. As a result, Sa'id was obligated leave office in 677 and Aslam was appointed in his place. Aslam did not launch any conquests, military activity restricted to the annual summer expeditions. In this regard, the historian
292:. The Kharijites were generally opposed to Umayyad rule and Abu Bilal and forty of his followers had established themselves in Ahwaz where they collected their own levy from the population in defiance of Ubayd Allah. Aslam engaged Abu Bilal at an Ahwaz village called Asak where the significantly outnumbered Kharijites repulsed Aslam and his troops. Aslam was ridiculed in the streets of Basra for his defeat, with adults and children chanting against him "Abu Bilal is behind you!" In response, Ubayd Allah assigned a personal security force for Aslam to suppress such crowds. Ubayd Allah sent another force against Abu Bilal led by a tribesman of the Banu Tamim, Abbad ibn al-Akhdar, who ambushed and massacred Abu Bilal and his men.
233:, in 674. He succeeded Ubayd Allah in 675 when Mu'awiya transferred Ubayd Allah to the governorship of Basra. Unlike Ubayd Allah and other Arab predecessors in Khurasan, Aslam did not undertake any conquests in the region. The historian Muhammad Abdulhayy Shaban holds it was likely that Aslam's authority was initially restricted to military matters in the province. Ubayd Allah had brought back large amounts of war booty and tribute from Khurasan to Mu'awiya to the chagrin of the Arab tribal garrisons. As Khurasan was a frontier province, the launchpad for conquests and raids in
94:
237:(Central Asia), the garrisons incurred a heavy expense in raising armies and engaging in distant campaigns. Thus, with the exception of the customary one-fifth due to the central treasury, the tribesmen insisted that booty and tribute remain in their possession. Mu'awiya, encouraged by the sums brought to him by Ubayd Allah, sought to exert closer control of Khurasan's finances and appointed his own loyalist,
241:, to take charge of fiscal affairs. Ishaq he died on his way to Khurasan and Aslam assumed Ishaq's authority, standing in as the tribes' representative with the caliph. At the time, Mu'awiya was attempting to rally support by the Qays in Syria for the nomination of his son
268:, an influential Qaysite leader like Aslam. He arrested Aslam and forced him to surrender 300,000 dirhams. Abd al-Rahman reasserted central control over the provincial tax revenue and tribute. He was replaced with his brother
256:
referred to him as "indolent". Aslam was known to have imposed heavy taxes on the population. The inhabitants of
Khurasan used the proverb, "More vile than Aslam", to exhibit their disdain for harsh rulers.
125:(Arab tribal nobleman). Aslam's grandfather was Amr ibn Khuwaylid al-Sa'iq. His great-grandfather Khuwaylid ibn Nufayl was referred to as 'al-Sa'iq' because he was killed in a lightning strike (
272:
by Caliph Yazid in 681. Salm recommenced the conquests into
Transoxiana and in a likely appeal to the supporters of Aslam in the province, arrested and humiliated Qays ibn al-Haytham.
49:
and served as the governor of
Khurasan in 675 and 677–679. In the period between his two terms, he continued to wield significant influence in the province alongside the governor
57:(Central Asia). Regarding possession of war booty and tribute, he consistently defended the interests of the Arab tribesmen in Khurasan, who made up the core of the
908:
61:'s forces there and insisted on controlling the funds due to the high costs of their military activity, against the demands of the central government in
705:
245:
as his successor. This may have been his rationale for ignoring the move by Aslam, who maintained significant support from the Qays in
Damascus.
164:, but it is not clear whether or not he was slain in the battle. He was most likely the 'Zur'a' mourned in a poem by Tufayl ibn Awf of the
31:
280:
In 680/81 Ubayd Allah, whose jurisdiction by then spanned Iraq and
Khurasan, appointed Aslam at the head of 2,000 troops to eliminate
928:
53:. Unlike his predecessors and many of his successors, Aslam did not undertake further conquests from the Khurasan frontier into
918:
153:, a poet and prominent chief of the Amr ibn Kilab, Ma'bad, Haritha and Alas. Zur'a fought alongside his tribesmen against the
863:
807:
732:
217:, appointed Aslam and several other Arab tribal nobles as tax collectors in the administration of Khurasan's governor
884:
839:
753:
685:
639:
903:
855:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVIII: Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Muʿāwiyah, 661–680 A.D./A.H. 40–60
172:
Nay! Never have I seen of people who have perished one like Zur'a on the day when the women rose in mourning.
265:
82:
66:
218:
923:
198:
797:
785:
724:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XIX: The Caliphate of Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah, A.D. 680–683/A.H. 60–64
625:
65:. Aslam was known to have imposed heavy taxation on the population of Khurasan. He was arrested by
777:
261:
631:
Sīstān under the Arabs: From the
Islamic Conquest to the Rise of the Ṣaffārids (30–250, 651–864)
260:
Mu'awiya resolved to restore caliphal authority in
Khurasan and appointed Ubayd Allah's brother
174:
To be a greater loss or more dearly missed by his relations, nor nobler in striving. — from the
69:, who extracted from him 300,000 silver dirhams. Aslam was later dispatched to suppress a small
197:, a faction comprising the Banu Amir and other northern Arabian tribes. He was a supporter of
858:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
743:
727:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
230:
150:
8:
913:
699:
249:
50:
93:
789:
118:
98:
78:
880:
859:
849:
835:
803:
749:
728:
709:
681:
663:Ğamharat an-nasab: Das genealogische Werk des His̆ām ibn Muḥammad al-Kalbī, Volume II
645:
635:
202:
58:
281:
206:
110:
46:
874:
853:
829:
818:
767:
722:
675:
661:
629:
609:
238:
214:
23:
793:
781:
671:
269:
176:
897:
763:
713:
695:
657:
649:
253:
62:
769:
The Poems of Ṭufail ibn ʻAuf al-Ghanawī and aṭ-Ṭirimmāḥ ibn Ḥakīm aṭ-Ṭāʼyī
234:
146:
54:
165:
154:
130:
102:
285:
210:
134:
70:
558:
556:
554:
552:
392:
390:
242:
820:
The Mufaḍḍalīyāt: An
Anthology of Ancient Arabian Odes, Volume 2
588:
586:
799:
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz
142:
549:
387:
583:
289:
190:
106:
74:
42:
634:. Rome: Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente.
194:
138:
38:
491:
489:
213:, Mu'awiya's governor of Iraq and the eastern Caliphate,
105:. He and his son Sa'id and grandson Muslim were based in
20:
Aslam ibn Zurʿa ibn ʿAmr ibn Khuwaylid al-Ṣāʿiq al-Kilābī
573:
571:
614:
Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies
537:
474:
464:
462:
460:
445:
365:
363:
361:
359:
264:
governor in 679. Abd al-Rahman dispatched ahead of him
229:
Aslam was appointed lieutenant governor of Khurasan by
486:
423:
421:
419:
417:
402:
310:
308:
306:
304:
209:
several times. According to the 9th-century historian
677:
Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity
568:
149:, another branch of the Banu Amir. His brothers were
525:
513:
457:
375:
356:
344:
414:
332:
301:
501:
433:
320:
895:
745:The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works
776:
562:
129:). They were chiefs of the Amr section of the
909:7th-century people from the Umayyad Caliphate
248:In the following year Aslam was replaced by
834:(in German). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
224:
145:). The mother of Zur'a was al-Ruwa of the
831:Der historische Gehalt der Aiyām al-'Arab
802:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 123–124.
680:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
624:
495:
92:
37:) was a prominent Arab chieftain of the
762:
369:
117:Aslam's father Zur'a was active in the
896:
872:
848:
741:
720:
656:
607:
592:
577:
543:
531:
519:
480:
468:
451:
427:
408:
396:
381:
350:
827:
816:
748:. Leiden and Boston and Koln: Brill.
670:
338:
326:
314:
133:, the leading branch of the powerful
77:in 680/81, but was defeated. His son
694:
610:"The Concept: 'Risk': East and West"
507:
439:
193:and was a leading tribesman of the
27:
13:
701:The Arab Conquests in Central Asia
14:
940:
929:Iraq under the Umayyad Caliphate
101:chiefs of the Amr branch of the
601:
275:
879:. Cambridge University Press.
721:Howard, I. K. A., ed. (1990).
157:at the Battle of al-Rahrahan,
121:(pre-630) and may have been a
97:Aslam was a descendant of the
1:
919:Umayyad governors of Khurasan
295:
266:Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami
158:
67:Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami
7:
666:(in German). Leiden: Brill.
608:Beeman, William O. (2004).
282:Abu Bilal Mirdas ibn Udayya
219:al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari
88:
10:
945:
823:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
742:Kassis, Riad Aziz (1999).
137:tribe in the southwestern
706:The Royal Asiatic Society
184:
399:, p. 183, note 586.
225:Governorship of Khurasan
904:7th-century Arab people
817:Lyall, Charles (1918).
772:. London: Luzac and Co.
205:caliph. He was sent to
199:Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan
85:also held high office.
876:The Abbasid Revolution
873:Shaban, M. A. (1970).
595:, p. 34, note 32.
182:
114:
828:Meyer, Egber (1970).
231:Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad
170:
96:
563:Levi Della Vida 1993
28:أسلم بن زرعة الكلابي
778:Levi Della Vida, G.
109:and held office in
850:Morony, Michael G.
151:Yazid ibn al-Sa'iq
119:pre-Islamic period
115:
113:under the Umayyads
41:tribal faction in
924:People from Basra
865:978-0-87395-933-9
809:978-90-04-09419-2
734:978-0-7914-0040-1
546:, pp. 39–40.
483:, pp. 38–39.
454:, pp. 37–38.
411:, pp. 86–87.
180:of Tufayl ibn Awf
59:Umayyad Caliphate
936:
890:
869:
845:
824:
813:
790:Heinrichs, W. P.
773:
759:
738:
717:
691:
667:
653:
621:
596:
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581:
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547:
541:
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379:
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367:
354:
348:
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
312:
288:leader based in
250:Sa'id ibn Uthman
163:
160:
51:Sa'id ibn Uthman
36:
33:
29:
944:
943:
939:
938:
937:
935:
934:
933:
894:
893:
887:
866:
842:
810:
782:Bosworth, C. E.
756:
735:
688:
672:Crone, Patricia
642:
626:Bosworth, C. E.
604:
599:
591:
584:
576:
569:
561:
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349:
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333:
325:
321:
313:
302:
298:
278:
239:Ishaq ibn Talha
227:
215:Ziyad ibn Abihi
189:Aslam lived in
187:
173:
161:
91:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
942:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
892:
891:
885:
870:
864:
852:, ed. (1987).
846:
840:
825:
814:
808:
786:van Donzel, E.
774:
760:
754:
739:
733:
718:
696:Gibb, H. A. R.
692:
686:
668:
658:Caskel, Werner
654:
640:
622:
603:
600:
598:
597:
582:
580:, p. 183.
567:
565:, p. 123.
548:
536:
524:
512:
500:
485:
473:
456:
444:
432:
413:
401:
386:
384:, p. 593.
374:
355:
353:, p. 350.
343:
341:, p. 325.
331:
319:
317:, p. 138.
299:
297:
294:
277:
274:
226:
223:
186:
183:
90:
87:
35: 665–681
16:Arab chieftain
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
941:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
888:
886:0-521-29534-3
882:
878:
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867:
861:
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856:
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841:9783447012706
837:
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795:
791:
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755:90-04-11305-3
751:
747:
746:
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719:
715:
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707:
703:
702:
697:
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689:
687:0-521-52940-9
683:
679:
678:
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665:
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641:9788863231243
637:
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623:
619:
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611:
606:
605:
594:
589:
587:
579:
574:
572:
564:
559:
557:
555:
553:
545:
540:
534:, p. 39.
533:
528:
522:, p. 73.
521:
516:
510:, p. 20.
509:
504:
498:, p. 22.
497:
496:Bosworth 1968
492:
490:
482:
477:
471:, p. 38.
470:
465:
463:
461:
453:
448:
442:, p. 19.
441:
436:
430:, p. 37.
429:
424:
422:
420:
418:
410:
405:
398:
393:
391:
383:
378:
372:, p. 19.
371:
366:
364:
362:
360:
352:
347:
340:
335:
329:, p. 48.
328:
323:
316:
311:
309:
307:
305:
300:
293:
291:
287:
283:
273:
271:
267:
263:
262:Abd al-Rahman
258:
255:
254:H. A. R. Gibb
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
181:
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148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
86:
84:
81:and grandson
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
25:
21:
875:
854:
830:
819:
798:
768:
744:
723:
700:
676:
662:
630:
617:
613:
602:Bibliography
539:
527:
515:
503:
476:
447:
435:
404:
377:
370:Krenkow 1927
346:
334:
322:
279:
276:Later career
259:
247:
228:
201:, the first
188:
175:
171:
126:
122:
116:
19:
18:
794:Pellat, Ch.
764:Krenkow, F.
620:(1): 29–46.
593:Beeman 2004
578:Howard 1990
544:Shaban 1970
532:Shaban 1970
520:Kassis 1999
481:Shaban 1970
469:Shaban 1970
452:Shaban 1970
428:Shaban 1970
409:Morony 1987
397:Howard 1990
382:Caskel 1966
351:Caskel 1966
235:Transoxiana
147:Banu Numayr
99:pre-Islamic
55:Transoxiana
914:Banu Kilab
898:Categories
704:. London:
339:Lyall 1918
327:Meyer 1970
315:Crone 1980
296:References
166:Banu Ghani
162: 569
155:Banu Tamim
131:Banu Kilab
103:Banu Kilab
714:499987512
650:956878036
508:Gibb 1923
440:Gibb 1923
286:Kharijite
211:al-Tabari
141:(central
135:Banu Amir
73:force in
71:Kharijite
796:(eds.).
780:(1993).
766:(1927).
698:(1923).
674:(1980).
660:(1966).
628:(1968).
221:in 665.
207:Khurasan
111:Khurasan
89:Ancestry
47:Khurasan
243:Yazid I
203:Umayyad
883:
862:
838:
806:
792:&
752:
731:
712:
684:
648:
638:
185:Career
143:Arabia
123:sharif
83:Muslim
24:Arabic
290:Ahwaz
191:Basra
177:diwan
127:sa'iq
107:Basra
79:Sa'id
75:Ahwaz
63:Syria
43:Basra
881:ISBN
860:ISBN
836:ISBN
804:ISBN
750:ISBN
729:ISBN
710:OCLC
682:ISBN
646:OCLC
636:ISBN
284:, a
270:Salm
195:Qays
139:Najd
45:and
39:Qays
32:fl.
30:) (
900::
788:;
784:;
708:.
644:.
616:.
612:.
585:^
570:^
551:^
488:^
459:^
416:^
389:^
358:^
303:^
159:c.
26::
889:.
868:.
844:.
812:.
758:.
737:.
716:.
690:.
652:.
618:6
168::
22:(
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