Asian Canadians - Knowledge

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Canada starting well over one hundred years ago. They settled throughout the West but there was a significant cluster of Arabs in southern Saskatchewan on arid marginal land in the heart of Captain John Palliser's infamous triangle that he identified as an extension of the Great American Desert. Most were from eastern Lebanon and they included Muslims and Christians. They were generally single men, arriving on the Canadian prairies through the United States. Others arrived as families. Some filed on homesteads of 160 acres, and "proved up," receiving title to their land and persisted for decades. Others, like thousands of would-be homesteaders, deserted or abandoned their land. Some purchased land that they farmed. Aside from farming, Arab settlers operated general stores, bakeries and cafes in towns throughout the West and some were traveling merchants, visiting the isolated farms on foot or by horse and wagon in summer, and sleigh in winter.

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Sikhs from New Westminster and the Lower Mainland to gather and to worship. "It is starting up on Thursday and it will be four days, with the main event on Sunday. It's open to anyone within the community – in Queensborough and in New West. It's to show support, learn about each other and the heritage," said Jag Sall, a member of the committee that's organizing the celebration. "I don't think a lot of people know that the Sikh community has been in Queensborough for over 100 years, and/or the gurdwara itself has been there that long. Not just the Sikh community, but other communities in Queensborough have been living there for a century."

12996:... the majority of the participants self-identified themselves as Persian instead of Iranian, due to the stereotypes and negative portrayals of Iranians in the media and politics. Adolescents from Jewish and Baha'i faiths asserted their religious identity more than their ethnic identity. The fact Iranians use Persian interchangeably is nothing to do with current Iranian government because the name Iran was used before this period as well. Linguistically modern Persian is a branch of Old Persian in the family of Indo-European languages and that includes all the minorities as well more inclusively. 10842: 599: 12451:

people to Canada, the importance of the Gurdwara to the Sikh people and the history of why they left and what brought them back. The largest influx of men came from South Asia in about 1905–06, which would be the time period that the Temple would have begun services. In 1926 a fire burned the timber limits of the Columbia River Lumber Company, where all the South Asian men worked and the men left for the coast having no work to do. When the forest started to grow back the men came back and soon it was necessary to build the present Gurdwara on 13th Street South.

10799: 1048:. Furthermore, the turn of the 20th century featured a small wave of Syrian−Lebanese settlement into the southern prairies including Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Contemporarily in Lebanon, many families were from what was western Syria at the time in particular settled in southern Saskatchewan. A majority of the Syrian−Lebanese families settling in the prairies were of the Christian faith, with a minority adhering to Islam, mirroring earlier settler demographics in Nova Scotia, Quebec and Ontario. Prominent settlement occurred in communities such as 11228: 98: 10650: 9746: 9638: 11214: 615: 10542: 9692: 10861: 10110: 9260: 1029:

loss of business; the Fraser River Canners' Association and the Kootchang Fruit Growers' Association asked the Canadian government to abolish immigration restrictions. Letters from persons settling in Canada gave persons still in India encouragement to move to Canada, and there was an advertising campaign to promote British Columbia as an immigration destination. Around that time, in 1902, a notable moment of Asian Canadian history occurred when Punjabi Sikh settlers first arrived in

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had no problem with the men. They hired them to work in the lumberyard, planer, and sawmill. The first documented proof that we have of South Asians of the Sikh faith being residents of Golden is a copy of a telegram sent to G.T. Bradshaw, Chief of Police, New Westminster from Colin Cameron, Chief of Police, Golden, BC on July 20, 1902. It was sent collect and reads: Geha Singh of Golden sent a telegram to Santa Singh care of Small and Bucklin for one thousand dollars.

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used by current families when referring to their heritage). A number of families settled in the southeast, in or near communities such as RADVILLE, CEYLON, LAMPMAN, and North Portal. Over forty individuals and families homesteaded or started businesses in small towns in the SWIFT CURRENT district. Some only remained for a year or two before moving to larger centres, but many stayed and became part of the mosaic of life in rural Saskatchewan.

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installed in his home, the Guru Granth Sahib. Singh was a bachelor and gave much of his earnings to the local Khalsa Diwan Society, which in 1908 had built B.C.'s first gurdwara, the Sikh place of worship, in Vancouver. In March 1919, Singh helped the Sikhs of New Westminster start a gurdwara of their own. For $ 250, Singh bought the property next door and donated it to the society. Later, he would donate his house as well.

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of them returned, but some stayed in Canada. From 1946 to 1964, the total number of Filipinos in Canada was 770. In the 1960s, Canada recruited more professionals, mostly from the United States, with some coming directly from the Philippines. Most of the nurses, technicians, office workers and doctors arrived in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In the late 1960s, more Filipinos came to Winnipeg to work in the garment industry.

10704: 9908: 14330: 7207: 6695: 6131: 4259: 1380:, and Montreal, Quebec. Between 1975 and 1985, 110,000 resettled in Canada (23,000 in Ontario; 13,000 in Quebec; 8,000 in Alberta; 7,000 British Columbia; 5,000 in Manitoba; 3,000 in Saskatchewan; and 2,000 in the Maritime provinces). This was followed by another large wave of Vietnamese immigration to Canada during the late 1980s and 1990s as both refugees and immigrant classes of post-war 13753: 12371:

Lebanese immigrants in Alberta, Ali Abouchadi (Alexander Hamilton) and his uncle Sine Abouchadi, came to Canada in 1905 intending to work the gold rush. Unfortunately, they arrived too late. By 1906, they were peddling goods between Edmonton and Lac La Biche; eventually, Sine opened a general store in Lac La Biche, which his nephew took over in 1913.

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themselves to be sojourners, who had come to earn but not to settle or were students who intended to return home when their degree programs were completed. While some went back, others remained to become the founding members of the Pakistani-Canadian community. Pakistani nationals were registered in undergraduate and graduate programs at

13697: 13819: 953:, who were "beachcombers and fishermen" and were settled on a barge in Snug Cove; Basinto Pasento, who called his home Pasento Ranch and died in February 1904, John Delmond, and Jose Garcia. Several others worked as loggers, millhand, mine laborers, and longshoremen intermarrying with Indigenous peoples and other Pacific Islanders. 12500:

The Khalsa Diwan Society New Westminster is inviting community members to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar in Queensborough. Since opening in 1919, the temple has become an integral part of the Queensborough and New Westminster communities, and has provided a place for

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The original temple in Golden sat on a corner of a lot, in the south western area of town at the end of the street looking toward where Rona is now. The largest influx of men came from South Asia around 1905, which would be the time period that the temple in Golden would have began services. In 1926,

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The southern Saskatchewan plains where Ganam was born, and that he dashed across, were home to many Arab settlers. Most referred to themselves and were known as Syrians, meaning that they came from an area encompassing present-day Syria and Lebanon. Arab settlers from Syria/Lebanon arrived in Western

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People of Lebanese/ Syrian origin began immigrating to Saskatchewan in the early 1900s (some immigrants were born in what was western Syria prior to the border between Lebanon and Syria being redrawn after WORLD WAR I—those towns are now part of Lebanon—whereas the designation "Lebanese" is typically

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In 1950, 10 Filipinos were recorded in Manitoba. The first-generation Filipino-Canadians were mainly women who worked as nurses and teachers and in the health sector. These first Filipinos came from the United States to renew their visas after they had expired in the hope of returning to the US. Most

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Early Filipino settlers along the B.C. coast engaged in both fishing and farming. It included Fernando Toreenya, a fisherman who came to Canada from the Philippines in 1886 at the age of 20 years old with his First Nations partner Mary/Marie Adams. They lived in Snug Cove and had three other Filipino

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to brand Japanese Canadians enemy aliens and categorized them as security threats in 1942. Tens of thousands of Japanese Canadians were placed in internment camps in British Columbia; prison of war camps in Ontario; and families were also sent as forced labourers to farms throughout the prairies. By

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breakdown of major Asian-origin Canadian groups includes South Asian Canadians (2,571,400 persons or 35.1 percent), East Asian Canadians (2,289,805 persons or 31.2 percent), Southeast Asian Canadians (1,434,330 persons or 19.6 percent), and West Asian Canadians (1,086,230 people or 14.8 percent). In

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The first Sikhs came to Golden about 1902, arriving to work in the sawmill of the Columbia River Lumber Company. When the Sikhs arrived in Golden the community was in its infancy and the sawmill had recently opened. The Columbia River Lumber Company recognized the value of these tall strong men and

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to $ 500 in 1902; this temporarily caused Chinese immigration to Canada to stop. However, in following years, Chinese immigration to Canada recommenced as many saved up money to pay the head tax. Due to the decrease in Chinese immigration, Steamship lines began recruiting Indians to make up for the

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Wherever there are five or more Sikh's there will be Sikh Temple even just a spare room in some ones house. Therefore it was only that once the natural that once the mill and bunkhouses were erected the next building should be a Temple. The first official Temple in Paldi was built in 1919. On the

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The Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar is one of the oldest Sikh temples in the country and its members are celebrating the milestone anniversary by reflecting on its historic significance to the local Sikh community. The temple was actually founded more than 100 years ago when a pioneering Sikh named Bhai

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Every Sunday in 1919, the Sikhs of Queensborough on the Fraser River would stroll over to the house of Bhai Bishan Singh for worship. Singh, like many Punjabi immigrants, settled in the New Westminster neighbourhood because he worked upriver at a sawmill. A devout Sikh, he had the holy scripture

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The original temple sat on the corner of a lot, which is now owned by Gurmit Manhas, at the end of the street past the School Board Office looking towards the Rona. Plans are being put together to erect a kiosk there that would share information about the original building, the first South Asian

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was the third most popular destination for Korean migrants during this period. The 1990s growth in South Korean migration to Canada occurred at a time when Canadian unemployment was high and income growth was low relative to the United States. One pair of researchers demonstrated that numbers of

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Lac La Biche is the site of one of the first permanent Lebanese settlements in Alberta and has the highest percentage of Lebanese people per capita (14%) in the province. Most of the Lebanese community today have roots in either Lala or Kherbet Rouha, both located in the Beqaa Valley. The first

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Additionally, Canada's earliest documented Filipinos coincided with North America's first wave of Asian immigration in the 1800s. At least nine male Filipino sailors, aged twenty-four to forty-two, appeared on the 1881 Census of British Columbia. Living on a vessel in New Westminster, they were

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to Canada in small numbers in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Immigration regulations gave preference to those with advanced education and professional skills, and the Pakistanis who came during this period, and throughout the 1960s, generally had excellent credentials. Many of them considered

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of 1915 some 1,800 Armenians already lived in Canada. They were overwhelmingly from the Armenian provinces of the Ottoman Empire and usually lived in industrial urban areas. The influx of Armenians to Canada was limited in the post-World War I era because Armenians were classified as Asians.

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from 1958 on. By the mid-1950s, there were five or six Pakistani families living in Montreal in addition to the students. This was probably the then largest concentration of Pakistanis in the country. Throughout the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s most who arrived were young men pursuing graduate or

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before then, most of whom were students. After the fall of Saigon, there were two waves of Vietnamese immigrants to Canada. The first wave consisted mostly of middle-class immigrants. Many of these immigrants were able to speak French and or English and were welcomed into Canada for their

1258:) was designated historic and protected municipal site in 2010. Overall, between 1900 and 1930 some 3,100 Armenians entered Canada, with 75% settling in Ontario and 20% in Quebec. Some later moved to the United States; 1,577 Armenians entered the U.S. from Canada between 1899 and 1917. 13820:"Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey" 12483:

Bishan Singh bought a house next door to where the building is now. Singh paid $ 250 for the house, which served as a place of worship until the congregation grew too large. In 1919, Singh bought the neighbouring lot at 347 Wood Street and the Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar was born.

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We acknowledge the Gurdwara in Golden as the first in B.C., and quite likely the first in North America," said Pyara Lotay, on behalf of the local Sikh community. "We thank the B.C. government for recognizing Golden's Sikh pioneers and their place of worship with this Stop of

11751:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data" 1087:(Sikh Temple) in Canada and North America in 1905, which would later be destroyed by fire in 1926. The second Gurdwara to be built in Canada was in 1908 in Kitsilano (Vancouver), aimed at serving a growing number of Punjabi Sikh settlers who worked at nearby sawmills along 13943: 13929: 13915: 11684: 920:

West Asian settlement into Canada was also bolstered by early Armenian immigration during the late 19th century. The first Armenians migrated to Canada in the 1880s. The first recorded Armenian to settle in Canada was a man named Garabed Nergarian, who came to

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Many Chinese workers settled in Canada after the railway was constructed, however most could not bring the rest of their families, including immediate relatives, due to government restrictions and enormous processing fees. They established

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and societies in undesirable sections of the cities, such as East Pender Street in Vancouver, which had been the focus of the early city's red-light district until Chinese merchants took over the area from the 1890s onwards.

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who have relatively much longer history settling in the United States, very few settled in Canada; as late as 1965, the total permanent Korean population of Canada was estimated at only 70. However, with the 1966 reform of

13787:"Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data" 13698:"Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)" 13754:"Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data" 1157:

from voting. Because eligibility for federal elections originated from provincial voting lists, Indians were also unable to vote in federal elections. Later, the Canadian government enacted a $ 200

1521:, in 2016, 48.1% of the immigrant population in Canada was born in Asia. Furthermore, Asian countries accounted for seven of the top ten countries of birth for recent immigrants, including the 980:. In addition to work on the railway, most Chinese in the late 19th century British Columbia lived among other Chinese and worked in market gardens, coal mines, sawmills, and salmon canneries. 1146:

organized attacks against homes and businesses owned by East Asian immigrants under the slogan "White Canada Forever!"; though no one was killed, much property damage was done and numerous

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professional skills. The second wave consisted of Southern Vietnamese refugees who were escaping the harsh regime that had taken over the former South Vietnam. Many of them (10%) were of

1230:. Their number increased over time. They were not the only "enemy aliens" subjected to internment. More than 8,500 people were placed in 24 camps during the war. Of them 205 were Turks. 1183:

were denied entry into the country, eventually forced to depart for India. By 1916, despite a declining population due to immigration restrictions, many Indian settlers established the

12495: 146: 13549:"1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 – national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 – série nationale : population. Ethnic origin" 12173: 854:

area of southern Quebec, they became the first West Asian group to immigrate to Canada. The first Lebanese immigrant to Canada was Abraham Bounadere (Ibrahim Abu Nadir) from

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Lim, Imogene L. "Pacific Entry, Pacific Century: Chinatowns and Chinese Canadian History" (Chapter 2). In: Lee, Josephine D., Imogene L. Lim, and Yuko Matsukawa (editors).

889:. Once again, in a similar demographic to early Lebanese settlers to Canada, the overwhelming majority of Syrians who settled in Canada from the 1880s–1960s were of the 11803: 12826: 12240: 11910: 1483:. Other factors suggested as drivers behind the growth of South Korean immigration to Canada included domestic anti-Americanism and the large presence of Canadian 1384:

entered Canada. These groups settled in urban areas, in particular Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, and Calgary. In Metro Vancouver, they have settled mainly in East

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Nevertheless, some 1,500 genocide survivors—mostly women and children—came to Canada as refugees. In 1923–24 some 100 Armenians orphans aged 8–12, later known as

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Abu-Laban, Baha (1983), "The Canadian Muslim Community: The Need for a New Survival Strategy", in Waugh, Earle H.; Abu-Laban, Baha; Abu-Qureshi, Regula (eds.),

12774: 11660:"Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 925:

in 1887. Some 37 Armenians settled in Canada in 1892 and 100 in 1895. Most early Armenian migrants to Canada were men who were seeking employment. After the

11313:: Total responses of all Asian geographical origin population groups classified under "Ethnic or cultural origin" and "Visible minority" sections including: 15007: 13844: 11251: 12477: 13520:"1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Ethnic Groups" 13491:"1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population : vol. I – partie 2. Ethnic Groups" 586: 12536:

The town's cultural centres were the Japanese community hall and the Sikh Temple, which officially opened July 1, 1919, to coincide with Dominion Day.

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were placed in "enemy alien" internment camps. Five days after the first world war began, on November 10, 1914, 98 Turks were deported and settled in

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Daha, Maryam (September 2011). "Contextual Factors Contributing to Ethnic Identity Development of Second-Generation Iranian American Adolescents".

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As of 2016, 4,217,365 or 12.2 percent of Canadians speak an Asian language as a mother tongue. Of this, the top five Asian tongues spoken include

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Similar to late 19th century through early 20th century Lebanese immigration and settler patterns, while the vast majority of Syrians migrated to

12735: 11874: 14040: 11615:"Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 626: 13891:"Eighth census of Canada,1941 = Huitième recensement du Canada Vol. 4. Cross-classifications, interprovincial migration, blind and deaf-mutes" 13139: 1369:. These south Vietnamese refugees were known globally as the "boat people". In the years 1979–80, Canada accepted 60,000 Vietnamese refugees. 1095:

relocating to the newly built Gurdwara on Ross Street, in South Vancouver. As a result, the oldest existing Gurdwara in Canada today is the

11710: 1218:" immigration. With the Canadian Immigration Act of 1910, Turkish immigration to Canada was banned. With the onset of the first world war, 1077: 12914: 12553:

Paldi's Gurdwara was built in 1919 and soon became one of the most important fixtures of the community, even surviving several town fires.

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The first record of Asians in what is known as Canada today can be dated back to the late 18th century. In 1788, renegade British Captain

12801: 12445: 12383: 11892: 12531: 12309: 741:. Estimates indicate that about 1/3 of the non-native population of the Fraser goldfields was Chinese. Later, the construction of the 16464: 15356: 14728: 14302: 1254:. Dubbed "The Noble Experiment", it was Canada's first humanitarian act on an international scale. The Georgetown Farmhouse (now the 15000: 12184: 1567:

In the contemporary era, Asians form a significant minority within the national population, with over 7 million Canadians being of

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in 2002 and is the third-oldest Gurdwara in the country. Soon later, the fourth Gurdwara to be built Canada was established at the

12882: 2059:, nearly four million or 66% of Asian Canadians can trace their roots to just three countries; China, India and the Philippines. 11005: 14105:

Transformation & Prospect toward Multiethnic, Multiracial & Multicultural Society: Enhancing Intercultural Communication

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As of 2016, 6,044,885 or 17.5 percent of Canadians speak an Asian language. Of this, the top five Asian tongues spoken include

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While the Asian Canadian population is diverse, many have ancestry from a few select countries in the continent. As of the

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were majority Chinese and many early immigrants from the East Asian country settled on Vancouver Island, most notably in

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Many new Vietnamese arrivees were sponsored by groups of individuals, temples, and churches and settled in areas around

15365: 14942: 13336:"Racial origins and nativity of the Canadian people : a study based on the Census of 1931 and supplementary data" 12749: 12030: 16469: 16178: 14937: 14231: 14086: 13993: 13970: 12220: 12055: 12026: 11858: 11266: 10969: 1444: 1104: 1069: 961: 74: 13930:"Census Profile, 2016 Census: Canada [Country] and Canada [Country] Language Knowledge of languages" 12463: 16474: 12620: 12601: 10993: 10963: 10933: 914: 14004: 11937: 11923: 694:. After the outpost was seized by Spanish forces, the eventual whereabouts of the carpenters was largely unknown. 11079: 1318:

laws, South Korean immigration to Canada began to grow. By 1969, there were an estimated 2000 Koreans in Canada.

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Founding members of the Canadian Japanese Association at the Japanese Canadian War Memorial in Vancouver, 1920.

17: 13848: 12686: 16055: 15349: 15318: 14295: 13916:"Census Profile, 2016 Census: Canada [Country] and Canada [Country] Ethnic origin population" 12409: 8254: 8057: 1162: 816: 388: 13458: 1329:

began to categorize themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian", mainly to dissociate themselves from the

15379: 13944:"Census Profile, 2016 Census: Canada [Country] and Canada [Country] Language Mother Tongue" 13427:"Ninth census of Canada, 1951 = Neuvième recensement du Canada Vol. 1. Population: general characteristics" 10999: 10981: 1479:

meant that South Korean migrants bringing savings to Canada for investment would be relatively richer than

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1943, all properties owned by Japanese Canadians in British Columbia were seized and sold without consent.

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of 1979 resulted in a spike of immigration to Canada from the West Asian country. In the aftermath, many

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By late 1700s, Filipinos, then-known as "Manila men" were recruited in naval operations, aboard the ship

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people also arrived in Canada during the mid to late 19th century and became fishermen and merchants in

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a fire burned the timber limits of the Columbia River Lumber Company, where the South Asian men worked.

11195: 10927: 7420: 1389: 1025: 969: 804: 11871: 9034: 1344:, a large wave of Vietnamese refugees began arriving in Canada. Large-scale Vietnamese immigration to 650: 15932: 14912: 14554: 14055: 12806: 11011: 10803: 9641: 1466:

is experiencing the highest rate of growth in its Korean population, with a 69% increase since 1996.

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In 1885, soon after the construction on the railway was completed, the federal government passed the

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Outside and In-Between: Theorizing Asian-Canadian Exclusion and the Challenges of Identity Formation

12565: 1648: 1611: 941:" . In the ensuing decades, several Filipino settlers resided along the B.C. coast, particularly on 15563: 15342: 14857: 14288: 13722: 13180: 11659: 11614: 10945: 1393: 1330: 1143: 1030: 1021: 812: 808: 750: 742: 579: 392: 12253: 7319: 16411: 15917: 15584: 15384: 12115: 10975: 7349: 1247: 1184: 1124: 863: 820: 14753: 13890: 13668: 13639: 13610: 13582:"Working paper : comparison of 1981 and 1986 census counts on visible minorities in Canada" 13581: 13548: 13519: 13490: 13426: 13395: 13366: 13335: 13306: 13273: 13036:

Joy, Amanda. "Vietnamese Canadians". The Canadian Encyclopedia, March 5, 2018, Historica Canada.

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boarders living with them, William Matilda, Antoni Bentorre and Ricardo Castro. Others included

16362: 15888: 15700: 14985: 14852: 14472: 12926: 12811: 11256: 11164: 11043: 10987: 8313: 8194: 7329: 7309: 7299: 1510: 1397: 1173: 965: 803:. Later, many Indian immigrants also settled on Vancouver Island, working on local sawmills in 734: 239: 12582: 12210: 12160: 11776: 10841: 1214:, further migration was made difficult for the Turks and the Canadian government discouraged " 768:. Early immigrants from the East Asian island nation most notably worked in canneries such as 598: 16443: 16399: 16266: 16045: 16013: 15965: 15878: 15870: 15423: 15298: 15259: 15179: 15171: 15151: 14867: 14820: 14532: 13870: 12948: 12625: 12606: 12387: 12131: 12127: 11276: 11261: 11176: 10653: 9749: 7408: 7160: 6648: 6515: 5439: 5353: 4019: 3645: 2843: 2809: 1966: 1564:'s population, and are projected to make up 24 percent of the region's population by 2031. 1315: 1302: 1154: 1065: 1057: 787:. Most early immigrants hailing from South Asia first settled around sawmill towns along the 487: 407: 1165:

which indirectly halted Indian immigration to Canada, thus restricting all immigration from

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The Canadian population who reported full or partial Asian ethnic origin, according to the

8335: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6230: 6225: 5396: 4919: 4575: 4333: 4328: 3131: 2435: 2265: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2056: 2032: 1988: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1579: 1575: 1561: 1557: 1476: 1429: 1211: 1147: 1000: 827: 519: 499: 447: 422: 415: 403: 372: 332: 291: 251: 3815: 8: 16246: 16198: 16193: 16162: 16116: 16003: 15960: 15940: 15905: 15855: 15850: 15833: 15756: 15736: 15726: 15721: 15680: 15670: 15492: 15303: 15245: 15194: 15146: 15126: 15105: 15100: 15085: 14872: 14666: 14446: 14436: 13110: 11140: 10845: 8605: 8235: 7656: 7339: 6381: 6043: 5740: 5568: 5525: 5005: 4790: 3471: 3301: 3233: 2911: 2877: 2333: 1440: 1366: 1251: 1239: 894: 726: 511: 495: 443: 198: 52: 15063: 12496:"New Westminster Sikh temple welcomes community to celebrate its centennial anniversary" 12283: 991:

for each Chinese person trying to immigrate to Canada. A decade later, the fear of the "

16425: 16367: 16281: 16271: 16251: 16236: 16210: 16101: 16086: 16040: 16035: 16008: 15945: 15900: 15840: 15746: 15695: 15685: 15649: 15610: 15605: 15568: 15545: 15533: 15528: 15518: 15487: 15440: 15408: 15293: 15288: 15252: 15189: 15131: 15090: 14626: 14595: 14441: 14431: 14391: 14350: 12987: 12879: 11152: 11121: 11091: 11024: 10834: 8505: 8471: 8422: 8354: 7865: 7519: 7475: 7431: 7359: 7289: 7117: 6988: 6940: 6605: 6472: 6424: 5826: 5783: 4876: 4661: 4618: 4532: 3951: 3403: 3335: 2741: 2469: 2299: 2231: 1409: 1322: 1277: 926: 922: 838:

first immigrating in Canada during the late 19th century; as both countries were under

784: 746: 702: 539: 515: 475: 451: 439: 368: 363:. Canadians with Asian ancestry comprise both the largest and fastest growing group in 267: 247: 45: 15401: 14280: 12427: 12097: 11832:

Fred Cordova "Filipinos: Forgotten Asian Americans, a Pictorial Essay/1763-circa-1963"

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and the negativity associated with it, and also to distinguish themselves as being of

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prompted another wave of immigration from the East Asian country. Mainly hailing from

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Northwest Territories includes Nunavut, as the territory was not created until 1999.

10649: 9745: 9637: 1582:

background, make up the vast majority of students at several Canadian universities.

1269:, which banned all Chinese immigration, and led to immigration restrictions for all 16394: 16384: 16317: 16183: 16126: 16121: 16111: 16028: 16023: 15845: 15795: 15790: 15620: 15540: 15523: 15513: 15497: 15413: 15280: 15273: 15214: 15095: 15038: 15033: 14879: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14758: 14738: 14691: 14641: 14621: 14517: 14507: 14502: 14492: 14451: 14371: 14194:

Slanting I, Imagining We: Asian Canadian Literary Production in the 1980s and 1990s

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The Resettlement of British Columbia: Essays on Colonialism and Geographical Change

11970: 11158: 11146: 11115: 11085: 11037: 10113: 9263: 9068: 8571: 8537: 8521: 8430: 8426: 8294: 8275: 8216: 8118: 7922: 7903: 7884: 7808: 7789: 7732: 7635: 7576: 7538: 7443: 7435: 7400: 7379: 6983: 6794: 6467: 6220: 6215: 6000: 5265: 5179: 4704: 4343: 4338: 3917: 3883: 3575: 3505: 3369: 2605: 2571: 2401: 1500:

reverted to mainland Chinese rule, people emigrated and found new homes in Canada.

1373: 1310: 1281: 1188: 1139: 1128: 996: 847: 765: 691: 687: 559: 551: 491: 471: 399: 380: 376: 222: 206: 182: 169: 1644: 1607: 1024:

continued during the early 20th century. Parliament voted to increase the Chinese

16379: 16372: 16256: 16136: 16106: 16018: 15998: 15893: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15675: 15472: 15457: 15445: 15266: 15238: 15209: 15053: 15048: 15043: 14884: 14845: 14747: 14716: 14711: 14646: 14561: 14527: 14512: 14467: 14426: 14416: 14381: 14345: 14265: 14221: 14192: 14163: 14134: 13009: 12886: 12831: 11878: 11227: 11127: 11103: 11073: 10849: 8621: 8555: 8446: 8434: 8038: 8019: 7981: 7962: 7770: 7694: 7557: 7456: 7439: 7416: 7404: 5482: 5093: 3985: 3849: 3713: 3539: 3199: 2775: 2673: 1480: 1472: 1293: 1120: 1096: 973: 929:

of mid-1890s Armenian families from the Ottoman Empire began settling in Canada.

831: 761: 730: 706: 614: 555: 308: 259: 177: 156: 152: 56: 7288:

Pie chart breakdown of the spoken Asian language families of Canadians from the

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at the time. The Gurdwara would later close and be demolished in 1970, with the

16406: 15993: 15970: 15883: 15615: 15452: 15232: 15184: 15156: 14840: 14787: 14696: 14631: 14549: 14355: 14316: 12549:"Sikh temple celebrates 100 years of acceptance in Vancouver Island ghost town" 12014: 10908: 10541: 9691: 8637: 8450: 8175: 8000: 7941: 7675: 7597: 7031: 6376: 5611: 4489: 4053: 3165: 2197: 2010: 1413: 1334: 1255: 1207: 1041: 972:

had the largest Chinese populations in the province. Other settlements such as

843: 839: 679: 503: 435: 384: 138: 130: 14154: 14048:

Research on Immigration and Integration in the Metropolis Working Paper Series

16458: 14927: 14894: 14862: 14686: 14661: 14522: 14497: 14241: 14212: 14183: 12983: 12671: 12357: 11219: 11067: 10491: 9587: 8589: 8461: 8137: 7616: 7412: 4155: 1508:

In 2016, the Canadian government issued a full apology in Parliament for the

1425: 1417: 1401: 1049: 882: 878: 776: 754: 710: 324: 283: 13459:"Cultural Diversity in Canada: The Social Construction of Racial Difference" 430:

further detail, the largest self-reported Asian origin groups in Canada are

14312: 11286: 10868: 10830: 10807: 10785: 10329: 10109: 9479: 9259: 8078: 4223: 1928: 1215: 1053: 992: 988: 942: 890: 796: 788: 683: 563: 547: 426: 340: 10860: 10825: 14078: 11404: 11233: 11055: 10890: 10819: 10814: 10790: 10383: 9533: 8097: 1659:

Canadians of Asian descent percentage of the total population (1871–2021)

1542: 1522: 1455: 1353: 1349: 1341: 1227: 1195: 1088: 858:

in Lebanon who settled in Montreal in 1882. Because of situations within

675: 591: 10487: 9583: 9023: 638: 379:

population. Most Asian Canadians are concentrated in the urban areas of

12919:

Polyphony: The Bulletin of the Multicultural History Society of Ontario

12310:"Salloum's Arab Cooking a delicious look at little-known Sask. history" 10325: 10034: 9475: 9140: 9128: 8466: 7470: 6801: 6237: 4350: 2090: 1553: 1421: 1362: 1270: 1166: 950: 938: 934: 906: 867: 483: 10379: 9529: 1643:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1606:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1080:

as a member of the legislative assembly of the Northwest Territories.

721:

During the mid 19th century, many Chinese arrived to take part in the

11462:

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses.

10951: 10853: 1548:

In recent decades, a large number of people have come to Canada from

1497: 1471:

migrants were correlated with the exchange rate; the weakness of the

1463: 1433: 1385: 1112: 1008: 871: 792: 523: 463: 352: 190: 14024: 16389: 15418: 14275: 14077:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing. pp. 11774: 11182: 11049: 10902: 10437: 10433: 9425: 9421: 5697: 4189: 3063: 1534: 1467: 1158: 1084: 902: 898: 851: 738: 356: 14270: 10271: 10163: 9853: 9313: 9205: 855: 14133:

Torres, Rose Ann; Leung, Kailan; Soepriatna, Vania, eds. (2021).

14098:"Understanding the Korean Diaspora from Comparative Perspectives" 12775:"Armenian diaspora and the memory of 205 Ottoman Turks in Canada" 12212:

Brokering Belonging: Chinese in Canada's Exclusion Era, 1885–1945

11061: 10939: 10896: 10703: 10275: 10217: 10167: 9907: 9857: 9367: 9317: 9209: 7206: 6694: 6130: 4258: 4121: 4087: 1459: 1405: 1381: 1203: 1179:

in Vancouver. In May 1914, hundreds of South Asians hailing from

1153:

In 1908, the British Columbia government passed a law preventing

1061: 1045: 1037: 957: 859: 835: 15015: 12428:"Golden's Sikh heritage recognized on new Stop of Interest sign" 11841:

Claiming the Land, Dan Marshall, UBC Ph.D Thesis, 2002 (unpubl.)

11319:"West and Central Asian and Middle Eastern" (1,086,230 persons); 10595: 9799: 1365:

descent and were escaping ethnic persecution resulting from the

870:

were mostly economic migrants seeking greater prosperity in the

371:, forming approximately 20.2 percent of the Canadian population 14743: 14223:

Banana Bending: Asian-Australian and Asian-Canadian Literatures

14197:. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. 14073:

Ouzounian, N. (2003). "Կանադա ". In Ayvazyan, Hovhannes (ed.).

12446:"Golden Gurdwara is recognized for its historical significance" 11893:"Sikh Heritage Month: The South Asian pioneers of Fraser Mills" 10221: 9371: 1489: 1357: 1345: 1206:

camps across Canada. However, due to bad relations between the

1199: 886: 364: 214: 14329: 14041:"An Exploration of the Korean-Canadian Community in Vancouver" 13218:"Table 1: Population by Ethnic Origin, Canada 1921–1971 (P.2)" 10818:

Turkish Canadians at the Victoria Day Parade 2005 in Downtown

15396: 14260: 13752:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (December 23, 2013).

13396:"Seventh census of Canada, 1931. Vol. 2. Population by areas" 12478:"New Westminster Sikh temple celebrates 100-year anniversary" 12112:

Re/collecting Early Asian America: Essays in Cultural History

10599: 9803: 5869: 3679: 1549: 1538: 1526: 1396:. In the Montreal area, they settle in Montreal's downtown, 1243: 1172:

A direct result of the continuous journey regulation was the

14005:"Korean Migration to North America: Some Prices That Matter" 13818:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 23, 2019).

11658:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022).

11613:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022).

602:

Damage after the September 1907 anti-Asian riot in Vancouver

11990: 11988: 1568: 1530: 682:

carpenters from Macau and employed them to build a ship at

462:

In the Canadian census, people with origins or ancestry in

360: 13575: 13573: 13571: 13569: 12100:. Bowen Island, B.C.: Bowen Island Historians. p. 36. 12019:"Armenians in Ontario and Quebec: The Long Road to Canada" 11778:

The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility, and Identity

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has the country's largest absolute number of Koreans, but

1348:

began during the mid-1970s and early 1980s as refugees or

1083:

The early Punjabi Sikh settlers in Golden built the first

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