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2949:) "must be proven to be true by rational arguments" before being "accepted as the basis of the religion". Educated Muslims "must be convinced on the basis of rational arguments". A series of rational proofs were developed by these Ashʿarite theologians, including proofs for "the following doctrines or propositions":
2469:
would have definitely done so; they further pointed out that the
Prophet, before his death, discussed and fully explained all those matters which were necessary from the religious point of view, leaving none of them to be discussed by his followers; and since he did not discuss the problems mentioned
3888:
After clarifying what was meant precisely by philosophy in the
Islamic tradition, namely the various schools of peripatetic philosophy represented either by Ibn Rushd or Ibn Sina, it should be clear why Ibn Khaldun was opposed to them. His critique of philosophy is an Ash'ari critique, completely in
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The inspiration of al-Ashʿarī in this matter was on the one hand to distinguish essence and attribute as concepts, and on the other hand to see that the duality between essence and attribute should be situated not on the quantitative but on the qualitative level—something which
2908:. The majority of the Ash'arites went further, stating that only reason provides certain knowledge, while revelation is merely a matter of conjecture and cannot provide knowledge or certainty. Because of these views, they were criticized by the Salafis.
2915:, have sometimes stated that revelation also represents knowledge, while Ibn al-Tilimsanī criticized al-Razī, asking what grounds legal rulings if all revelation were mere conjecture, stating that revelation cannot entirely be based on conjecture.
2404:: But instead, Imam Al-Ash'ari affirmed the ambiguous verses in the Qur'an (such as those about the hand and eye's) without a "how" (modality) and without a meaning(meaning, he consigned the meaning to Allah(God)), which is called
2679:
Because of Divine omnipotence, there are no "natural laws" (of things like thermodynamics or gravity), because such laws would put limitations on His actions. There are, however, Divine "customs", whereby "certain so-called
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
3213:
2940:
Nicholas Heer writes that later Ashʿarite theologians "increasingly attempted to rationalize
Islamic doctrine" from about the 12th century onwards. Theologians such as al-Taftāzānī and al-Jurjānī argued that the
2420:
about matters of faith became a heavy burden for them, and, therefore, they became inclined to blind faith and blind following (taqlid). They condemned those who tried to rationalize the principles of religion as
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It is said that in the early period, Ash'arites followed a method that combined reason and revelation. This is in contrast to the assertation by some Ash'arites that those who believe without thinking (
2522:
mentioned in the Quran. In so far as these names and attributes have a positive reality, they are distinct from the essence, but nevertheless they don't have either existence or reality apart from it.
3053:, was too literal and responsible for the decline of Islamic science starting in the 10th century. Sachau stated that the two clerics were the only obstacle to the Muslim world becoming a nation of "
62:
3311:"Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/Tenth–Eleventh Century)"
2900:
The later period some Ash'arites prioritized reason and relegated revelation to a secondary position, stating that revelation could never contradict reason. Examples of these include
2672:—and is by definition just; evil is what God forbids and is likewise unjust. Right and wrong are in no way determined intuitively or naturally, they are not objective realities. (
739:. Ashʿarism eventually became the predominant school of theological thought within Sunnī Islam, and is regarded as the single most important school of Islamic theology in the
2483:
whereby it was initially based on the foundations laid down by al-Ashʿarī, who founded the Ashʿarite school in the 10th century based on the methodology taught to him by the
754:, which became one of the dominant theological schools within Sunnī Islam. Ash'ari theology is considered one of the orthodox creeds of Sunnī Islam, alongside the Atharī and
3889:
line with the Ash'aris before him, including
Ghazali and Fakhr al-din al-Razi, both of whom Ibn Khaldun recommends for those who wish to learn how to refute the philosophers
3677:
Hashas, Mohammed. "Is
European Islam Experiencing an Ontological Revolution for an Epistemological Awakening?." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31: 4 (2014): 14.
2408:. He also allowed another orthodox way of dealing with the ambiguous verses in the Qur'an called Ta'wil (interpretation based on the arabic language and revelation).
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movement that used rational argumentation to defend Sunni creed. However, the Ashʿarite school underwent many developments throughout history, resulting in the term
2013:
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2719:) under this doctrine, although their freedom is limited to the power to decide between the given possibilities God has created. (This doctrine is now known in
2711:("acquisition"), by which human beings "acquire" responsibility for their actions, although these "actions are willed and created by God". Humans still possess
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2897:) cannot be true believers. This view indicates that believing in religion without using reason and thought is considered invalid according to them.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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CÜRCÂNÎ, Seyyid Şerîf: Şerhü'l-Mevâkıf, Trcm. Prof.Dr. Ömer TÜRKER, Türkiye Yazma
Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015, c. I, p. 440
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are real and able to physically possess people, although not mentioned in the works above, many Ash'arites consider this as part of the
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rejected the lack of literalism in Ashʿarī "speculative theology" and advocated "literal acceptance of God's description of
Himself".
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4465:İBNÜ't-TİLİMSÂNÎ, Abdullah: Nşr. Mahmud Avvad SALİM: Şerhu Me'âlimi Usûli'd-Dîn, Daru'l-Kütübi'l-Mısriyye, Kahire, 2011. p. 125-26.
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Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual
Medicine in Muslim Health Management. (2021). Deutschland: Springer International Publishing.
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3209:"Part 3: Islamic Philosophy in History – Dimensions of the Islamic Intellectual Tradition: Kalām, Philosophy, and Spirituality"
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Frank, Richard M. (January–March 1989). "Knowledge and Taqlîd: The
Foundations of Religious Belief in Classical Ashʿarism".
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Pakatchi, Ahmad (2015). "Ashʿarīs: the dissemination of Ashʿarī theology". In
Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).
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1998:
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Also because of Divine power, all human acts—even the decision to raise a finger—are created by God. This had caused
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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I.M.N. Al-Jubouri, History of Islamic Philosophy: With View of Greek Philosophy and Early History of Islam, p 182.
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3497:. Texts and Studies on the Development and History of Kalām. Vol. II (1st ed.). London and New York:
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tempts man, contrarily to the Mu'tazila and Jahmiyya (the mention of the latter two branches only appears in
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The unique nature and attributes of God cannot be understood fully by human reason and the physical senses.
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3038:) "a Greek solution to Greek problems" that should "never" have concerned Muslims. Both Ibn Taymiyyah and
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Weeks, Douglas. "The Ideology of Al Muhajiroun." Al Muhajiroun. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020. 103-140.
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CÜVEYNÎ, Ebu'l-Me'âlî: Kitâbü'l-İrşâd. Çvr. Prof. Adnan BALOĞLU. T.D.V. Yayınları, Ankara 2016. p. 292.
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The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns
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God has "absolute freedom" to "punish or reward as He wills", and so may forgive the sins of those in
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Classical Islamic Theology: The Ash'arites. Texts and Studies on the Development and History of Kalam
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God is all-powerful, willful, knowing, living, seeing, hearing, and speaking (signifying attributes).
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A section of the people (i.e., the Zahirites and others) made capital out of their own ignorance;
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BAĞDÂDÎ, Abdulkâhir. Kitabu Usuli'd-Dîn. Çvr. Ömer AYDIN. İşaret Yayınları, İstanbul 2016. p. 291
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Watt, Montgomery. Free-Will and Predestination in Early Islam. Luzac & Co.: London 1948.
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Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism
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Javad Anvari, Mohammad (2015). "al-Ashʿarī". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).
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were beyond human capability. The solution proposed by al-Ashʿarī to solve the problems of
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Ashʿarites also hold beliefs about God's attributes that are unique to them, such as:
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3487:"Al-Ashʿarī's conception of the nature and role of speculative reasoning in theology"
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Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy
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concedes that the Supreme Being possesses in a real sense the divine attributes and
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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
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YAVUZ, Yusuf Şevki. Eş'ariyye. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul 1995. c.XI p. 449
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Marshall Cavendish Reference, Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World, p 87.
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809:. Scholars and scientists who were affiliated with the Ash'ari school included
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Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
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because human acts are what humans are judged for when being sent to heaven (
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above, it was evident that to discuss them must be regarded as an innovation.
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can be seen and they have an interpretation ("interpretation" only found in
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Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
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4767:. Variorum Collected Studies Series. Vol. III. Abingdon, Oxfordshire:
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
8488:
Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
8347:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
3403:
2748:
Reason is God-given and must be employed over the source of knowledge.
2347:, and for al-Ashʿarī this was the basis for propagating the view that
10959:
10947:
10925:
10856:
10769:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
10760:
10666:
10611:
10536:
10190:
10185:
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9801:
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9649:
9525:
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8596:
8551:
Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
8439:
8317:
8232:
8227:
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5366:
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5223:
5205:
5169:
5115:
5079:
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4768:
4715:
Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham",
4690:
3498:
2968:
Miracles indicate the truthfulness of one who claims to be a prophet;
2716:
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being extremely broad in its modern usage (e.g., differences between
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810:
778:
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4630:, p. 120. From the Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion Series.
3881:"The Myth of Intellectual Decline: A Response to Shaykh Hamza Yusuf"
2873:
The existence of sorcerers and that magic is a reality in the world.
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3569:. Islamicate Intellectual History. Vol. 5. Leiden and Boston:
3387:
3034:
criticised the Ashʿarī theology as (in the words of one historian,
2779:
2731:
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2530:
had failed to grasp. Ashʿarite theologians were referred to as the
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and predestination, elaborating the thoughts of Dirar ibn 'Amr and
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and not to any other authorities formed the basis for much of his
681:
11149:
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Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
10726:
10683:
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10245:
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Al-Ash'ari established a middle way between the doctrines of the
294:
225:
4938:
Ashariyys – The Knights of Knowledge and the Pioneers of Success
3411:
2923:
2461:. They said that had such discussions been the right thing, the
852:
that contributed to the dissemination of Ashʿarī thought in the
73:
11154:
11134:
11015:
10979:
10168:
10071:
10008:
9887:
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Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
8431:
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349:
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Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
3955:
John L. Esposito, The Islamic World: Abbasid-Historian, p 54.
3668:
Fah̲rī, Mağīd. Ethical theories in Islam. Vol. 8. Brill, 1991.
3567:
Philosophical Theology in Islam: Later Ashʿarism East and West
2707:, justice, and divine omnipotence, with their own doctrine of
2502:
For example, the Ashʿarite view was that comprehension of the
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The creator of the universe is knowing, powerful and willing;
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should keep developing with the aid of older interpretations.
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God, but like God has always been. It can also be said to be
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3659:
Gyekye, Kwame. "Theology and Law in Islam." (1976): 304-306.
3263:. Translated by Melvin-Koushki, Matthew. Leiden and Boston:
3049:
affirms that the Ashʿarī theology and its biggest defender,
10833:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
8382:
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Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
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schools of Islamic theology, based both on reliance on the
628:
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10793:
Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
3619:
625:
8741:
6151:
A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief
4258:
4256:
4254:
3843:
2458:
2454:
622:
280:
8483:
Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
3925:. Translated by Waley, Muhammad Isa. Leiden and Boston:
2971:
Muhammad claimed to be a prophet and performed miracles.
2856:
That prayers for dead Muslims and almsgiving reach them.
2803:
Ashʿarites further affirm that Muslims beliefs include:
3965:
3495:
Early Islamic Theology: The Muʿtazilites and al-Ashʿarī
2684:" usually follow certain "causes" in the natural world.
5949:
2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny
4251:
3831:
3135:
2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny
8535:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
8498:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
4499:
4497:
3949:
2751:
Intellectual inquiry is decreed by the Quran and the
10765:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
8368:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
660:
634:
69:
4686:"Is Ghazālī really the Halagu of Science in Islam?"
2648:The Ashʿarī school of Islamic theology holds that:
2643:
631:
65:
a machine-translated version of the Arabic article.
10809:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī
10757:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī
8476:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)
4494:
4487:See the article “al-Djurdjānī” by A.S. Tritton in
2911:Contrary to this, some within the school, such as
761:Amongst the most famous Ashʿarite theologians are
10302:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)
4474:See the article “al-Taftāzānī” by W. Madelung in
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3435:(3rd Revised ed.). California and Maryland:
746:The disciples of the Ash'ari school are known as
11219:
9231:
8465:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām
2374:While Al-Ashʿarī opposed the views of the rival
708:. It is one of the three main schools alongside
10629:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
8479:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī
4173:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3095:should be applied only to Islam and not to any
2775:, who belongs to the faithful and who does not.
4865:"Constituting Identities: Beliefs and Schools"
4276:
4274:
3686:
3552:
3550:
3548:
94:accompanying your translation by providing an
56:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
19:"Ash'ari" redirects here. For other uses, see
9210:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
8560:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)
7654:
6207:
6052:
4959:
4405:
4206:
4187:
4185:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
2662:Good is what God commands—as revealed in the
2534:("those who make firm") by the Muʿtazilites.
2285:
594:
4006:"Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, Muslim theologian"
3801:Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe
3738:
3480:
3478:
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3474:
3472:
3470:
3258:
3243:
3174:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
2930:, a leading contemporary Ashʿarī scholar of
2742:when it takes on a form in letters or sound.
2569:. There might be a discussion about this on
2319:, which belonged to the first generation of
750:, and the school is also referred to as the
10308:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)
4869:Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam
4271:
3545:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
2612:
2601:Two popular sources for Ash'ari creeds are
731:and theological rationalism concerning the
10329:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)
7681:
7661:
7647:
6214:
6200:
6066:
6059:
6045:
4966:
4952:
4182:
3804:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 18.
3565:. In Shihadeh, Ayman; Thiele, Jan (eds.).
3287:
2956:The universe has an originator or creator;
2795:
2453:, the leaping of atoms, and Attributes of
2292:
2278:
601:
587:
5925:Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil
4800:
4658:(1998), "Science in Islamic philosophy",
3903:(1998), "Science in Islamic philosophy",
3837:
3699:
3632:
3467:
2589:Learn how and when to remove this message
2156:International Islamic University Malaysia
9931:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
8470:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm
4572:
4527:
4176:Al-Fiqh-Al-Akbar-An-Accurate-Translation
3920:
3371:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3180:
3099:authorities, Ibn al-Haytham's view that
3045:In contrast, German orientalist scholar
2922:
2904:, al-Ghazali, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, and
2703:). Ashʿaris reconciled the doctrines of
2378:, he was also opposed to the view which
836:
10154:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī
4267:. Oxford University Press. p. 117.
3319:The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology
2888:
848:, one of the most important centers of
11220:
9511:
9154:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
4859:
4714:
4654:
4648:
3854:
3556:
3424:
3308:
3140:2020 International Maturidi Conference
2689:controversy earlier in Islamic history
2394:), schools for their over-emphasis on
2382:, held by certain schools such as the
2367:into a "dual agent" or "acquisition" (
9230:
8303:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
7680:
7642:
7394:
7162:
6778:
6195:
6040:
4947:
4756:
4683:
4677:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4363:
4361:
3484:
3367:
3331:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.45
3115:and other ancient authorities in his
2176:2016 International Islamic Conference
7668:
7163:
6779:
4666:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4503:
4262:
4178:. SunnahMuakada.com. pp. 43–44.
3909:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3866:Hamad al-Sanan, Fawziy al-'Anjariy,
3797:
3203:
2995:"criticism" or "controversy" section
2979:
2821:will return to earth and defeat the
2541:
2479:Ashʿarism became the main school of
2425:'. They considered discussion about
2339:. He was noted for his teachings on
25:
9942:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi
6161:The Incoherence of the Philosophers
2835:Including the angels of the grave (
2327:). As a young man he studied under
650:
13:
6101:Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam
4387:
4358:
4138:"Fatawa – Who are the Ash'arites?"
4003:
2918:
2732:Quran is the uncreated word of God
1967:Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam
14:
11264:
10314:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)
4905:
4803:"The Doctrines of Sunni Theology"
4174:Al Numan ibn Thabit, Abu Hanifa.
3071:states that some of the greatest
2791:(rationalistic Islamic theology).
2715:(or, more accurately, freedom of
2504:unique nature and characteristics
10332:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)
8554:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard
8426:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-
8104:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit
7623:
7622:
7611:
7142:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
6390:Timeline of the history of Islam
6221:
5757:
5000:
4999:
4988:
4976:Ash'ari school of Sunni theology
4925:The Ash'ari's School of Theology
4513:University of Washington Faculty
3798:Pall, Zoltan (31 January 2013).
3751:Islamic Thought: An Introduction
3105:prophets and messengers of Islam
2984:
2809:prophets and messengers of Islam
2758:, therefore the interpretation (
2644:God and relationship with humans
2633:Dissimilarity to created things;
2546:
2261:
2260:
2249:
883:
618:
570:
152:
30:
16:Sunni school of Islamic theology
10879:United Submitters International
10163:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir
9541:Alid dynasties of northern Iran
8894:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
7483:List of ex-Muslim organisations
4750:
4708:
4617:
4578:
4533:
4506:"A LECTURE ON ISLAMIC THEOLOGY"
4481:
4468:
4459:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4374:
4337:
4316:
4303:Islam in Historical Perspective
4295:
4212:
4167:
4154:
4130:
4121:
4096:
4071:
4054:
4045:
4027:
3997:
3981:
3935:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0301
3914:
3894:
3873:
3860:
3825:
3791:
3785:
3764:
3732:
3726:
3680:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3647:
3638:
3539:
3273:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0300
11173:Sunni schools of jurisprudence
10191:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād
8904:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
8899:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
8557:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)
8178:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari
5637:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
4717:Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
4684:Anwar, Sabieh (October 2008),
4127:Corbin (1993), pp. 115 and 116
4039:A History of Muslim Philosophy
3461:
3418:
3361:
3355:
3162:
3103:should be applied only to the
2734:, that is, it was not created
2630:Absoluteness and independence;
2474:
1916:Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti
1717:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
104:You may also add the template
1:
11253:Islamic philosophical schools
10605:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
8931:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid
6141:Al-Insaf fima Yajib I'tiqaduh
6121:Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya
5314:Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi
4801:Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010).
4282:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
4195:Oxford University Press 2000
3432:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
2998:may compromise the article's
2936:(Islamic systematic theology)
2624:Permanence without beginning;
2359:. He nonetheless believed in
2345:earliest Islamic philosophies
2321:Muhammad's closest companions
1999:Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya
1879:Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sha'rawi
1846:Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani
10293:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)
10234:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
10215:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi
9233:Islamic schools and branches
8068:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
7973:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
7468:Apostasy in Islam by country
7345:Liberalism and progressivism
5481:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
5302:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur
5134:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari
4324:Islam Today: An Introduction
3425:Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2003) .
3145:Islamic schools and branches
3030:The medieval Muslim scholar
2975:
2457:, to be an innovation and a
1855:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur
1276:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
783:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
7:
10225:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin
8921:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
8278:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
8213:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
6111:Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari
5284:Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi
4757:Frank, Richard M. (2016) .
4280:Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith
4193:The Oxford History of Islam
3870:, pp.248-258. Dar al-Diya'.
3702:"The Making of Orthodoxies"
3700:Henderson, John B. (1998).
3485:Frank, Richard M. (2020) .
3128:
3087:, who were pioneers of the
2953:The universe is originated;
2138:Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya
1975:Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari
661:
10:
11269:
10976:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir
10421:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
10174:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī
9852:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani
9336:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
8592:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
8223:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
8183:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
8008:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
7395:
5993:Ash'ari-related templates
5850:Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi
5832:Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi
5182:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
4934:Dar al-Iftaa Al-Missriyyah
4921:Dar al-Iftaa Al-Missriyyah
4725:Cambridge University Press
4636:Greenwood Publishing Group
4489:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
4476:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
4400:The theology of al-ash'ari
4382:The theology of al-ash'ari
4369:The theology of al-ash'ari
4305:Taylor & Francis 2016
4162:The theology of al-ash'ari
3886:Ibn Khaldun on Philosophy:
3868:Ahl al-Sunnah al-Asha'irah
3150:List of prominent Ash'aris
2537:
2315:, and was a descendant of
2150:Islamic Education Movement
1532:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
859:
832:
729:sacred scriptures of Islam
68:Machine translation, like
18:
11167:
11120:
11072:
11026:
10916:
10903:
10842:
10739:
10682:
10665:
10552:
10500:
10491:
10430:
10347:
10281:
10258:
10205:
10125:
10110:
10040:
9907:
9750:
9614:
9589:
9565:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects
9502:
9402:
9252:
9243:
9239:
9226:
9200:
9145:
9092:
8988:
8981:
8939:
8909:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine
8869:
8727:
8624:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
8572:
8542:
8449:
8417:
8358:
8316:
8137:
8091:
8078:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
8053:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
7903:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
7842:
7833:
7801:
7773:
7740:
7712:
7705:
7701:
7676:
7606:
7491:
7458:
7408:
7404:
7390:
7317:
7284:
7256:Geography and cartography
7231:
7178:
7174:
7158:
6984:
6906:
6853:
6802:
6798:
6774:
6644:
6526:
6486:
6369:
6321:
6245:
6241:
6230:
6091:
6074:
5991:
5944:
5937:
5885:
5878:
5773:
5766:
5755:
5722:
5697:
5339:
5320:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
5278:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
5158:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi
5044:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
5034:
5015:
4983:
4873:Columbia University Press
4733:10.1017/S0957423907000355
3579:10.1163/9789004426610_009
3380:American Oriental Society
3117:Doubts Concerning Ptolemy
2943:Islamic sacred scriptures
1888:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
1576:(d. 907/1501 or 908/1502)
1020:'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi
378:Sunni schools of theology
45:the corresponding article
10594:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
9469:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
9083:The Moderation in Belief
8964:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya
8702:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi
8273:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
8203:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi
7565:Islamic view of miracles
6156:The Moderation in Belief
6146:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
6116:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
5920:Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad
5890:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
5505:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
4142:Dar al-Ifta al Misriyyah
3489:. In Frank, Richard M.;
3155:
2613:God and God's attributes
2481:early Islamic philosophy
2371:) account of free will.
2351:created every moment in
2331:, a renowned teacher of
2121:Al-Qarawiyyin University
2044:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
1983:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
106:{{Translated|ar|أشعرية}}
21:Ash'ari (disambiguation)
11051:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
10447:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān
10365:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī
10137:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād
9076:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
9034:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah
8889:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
8293:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
8198:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
8188:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
8028:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
7983:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
7918:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
7330:Creationism (evolution)
6077:Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
5790:'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali
5535:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani
5421:Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani
5373:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini
5218:Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani
5122:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
4912:Who are the Ash'arites?
4819:10.1057/9780230106581_2
4504:Heer, Nicholas (n.d.).
4010:Encyclopædia Britannica
3323:Oxford University Press
3321:. Oxford and New York:
2764:) of the Quran and the
2607:Ibana'an Usul al-Diyana
2305:Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī
2110:Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad
1934:Muhammad 'Ali al-Sabuni
1522:Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli
1459:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini
1426:Badr al-Din al-Zarkashi
1408:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani
1303:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
1146:(d. 511 or 512/1117-19)
1011:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini
675:Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
176:Prophets and Messengers
115:For more guidance, see
11238:Sunni Islamic branches
10723:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu
10305:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)
9798:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
9293:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
8954:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd
8949:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani
8884:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
8844:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi
8829:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
8509:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri
8504:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar
8263:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
8173:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
8168:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
8153:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
8023:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
7988:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
7913:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
7580:Persecution of Muslims
7478:List of former Muslims
6395:Succession to Muhammad
6171:Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih
5744:Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi
5655:Bediuzzaman Said Nursi
5595:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
5553:Nur al-Din al-Haythami
5391:Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani
5385:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
5212:Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti
5146:Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari
4491:, vol. II, pp. 602-603
4345:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4263:Gibb, H.A.R. (1953) .
3923:Encyclopaedia Islamica
3911:, retrieved 2008-02-03
3563:) of God's Attributes"
3261:Encyclopaedia Islamica
3111:and criticism against
3040:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
2965:Miracles are possible;
2937:
2627:Endurance without end;
2472:
2355:and every particle of
2074:Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih
1991:Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya
1837:Bediüzzaman Said Nursi
1726:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
1574:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
1513:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani
1477:Nur al-Din al-Haythami
1381:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
1143:Abu al-Qasim al-Ansari
856:
444:Contemporary movements
259:Rightly-Guided Caliphs
186:Succession to Muhammad
10992:Wallace Fard Muhammad
9949:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya
9456:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
9205:Early Muslim scholars
9013:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
8283:Rahmatullah Kairanawi
8033:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
7943:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
7374:Conversion to mosques
7241:Alchemy and chemistry
6136:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
6106:Maqalat al-Islamiyyin
5905:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
5844:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
5625:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini
5589:Nur al-Din al-Samhudi
5571:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
5547:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
5511:Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi
5433:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
5403:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
5361:Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
5092:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
4590:Oneworld Publications
4580:Brown, Jonathan A. C.
4545:Oneworld Publications
4535:Brown, Jonathan A. C.
4284:Rowman Altamira 2003
4224:Oneworld Publications
4214:Brown, Jonathan A. C.
3772:Encyclopedia of Islam
3557:Hoover, John (2020).
3507:10.4324/9781003110385
3309:Thiele, Jan (2016) .
3109:scientific skepticism
2962:Prophecy is possible;
2926:
2674:Divine command theory
2603:Maqalat al-Islamiyyin
2410:
2052:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
1626:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini
1468:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
1179:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
1125:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
1065:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
892:al-'Aqida al-Murshida
840:
767:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
694:scholastic theologian
117:Knowledge:Translation
88:copyright attribution
10643:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
10438:Al-Harith ibn Surayj
9628:Theology of Twelvers
9473:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
9020:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
8819:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
8218:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi
8208:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
8193:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
8013:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
7978:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
7968:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
7963:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
7938:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
7100:Ma malakat aymanukum
6675:Association football
6131:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
6126:Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat
5910:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
5826:Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun
5619:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
5517:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
5469:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
5415:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
5164:Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
5074:Abu Bakr al-Turtushi
5068:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
5025:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
4891:10.7312/hugh16146.13
4875:. pp. 183–202.
4851:Text "pag" ignored (
4066:Philosophia Islamica
4060:M. Abdul Hye, Ph.D,
3883:. 27 November 2017.
3573:. pp. 195–230.
3501:. pp. 136–154.
3325:. pp. 225–241.
3221:. pp. 124–126.
3205:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
3085:Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
3036:Jonathan A. C. Brown
2889:Ashʿarism and reason
2559:confusing or unclear
2528:Muʿtazilite thinking
2333:Muʿtazilite theology
2144:Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
2089:Al-Murshid al-Mu'een
2059:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
2036:Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat
1617:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
1495:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
1390:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
1363:Safi al-Din al-Hindi
1257:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
1239:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1092:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
1083:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
960:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
787:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
698:scriptural authority
226:Declaration of Faith
10872:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
10619:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
10591:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
10389:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī
10051:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah
9358:Other Salafi trends
9187:Musta'li Isma'ilism
9103:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya
8494:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr
8258:Anwar Shah Kashmiri
7908:Zakariyya al-Ansari
5667:'Abdallah al-Harari
5607:Zakariyya al-Ansari
5529:Taj al-Din al-Subki
5308:Abdel-Halim Mahmoud
5248:Muhammad al-Zurqani
5194:Ahmad al-Wansharisi
4691:Monthly Renaissance
4478:, vol. X, pp. 88-89
4343:Ian Richard Netton
4326:A&C Black 2010
3857:, pp. 193–194.
3770:Juan Eduardo Campo
3097:ancient Hellenistic
2945:(the Quran and the
2771:Only God knows the
2567:clarify the section
2400:(imitation) in his
2380:rejected all debate
2317:Abū Mūsa al-Ashʿarī
2116:Al-Azhar University
2029:Tahafut al-Falasifa
1710:Muhammad al-Zurqani
1599:Zakariyya al-Ansari
1399:Taj al-Din al-Subki
1038:Abu Dharr al-Harawi
11171:Other scholars of
11062:Islamic modernists
11036:Modernist Salafism
10692:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
10651:Abdullah ibn Saba'
10586:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
10471:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf
10459:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr
10450:Muhārīb ibn Dithār
10381:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī
9703:Astarabadi (Naimi)
9433:Abdullah al-Harari
9387:Muhammad bin Dawud
9320:Syed Nazeer Husain
9055:Tabsirat al-Adilla
8969:Al-Mansur al-Qasim
8804:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
8651:Syed Nazeer Husain
8574:Salafi Theologians
8326:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham
8298:Muhammad Abu Zahra
8083:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
7933:Abdul Qadir Gilani
7585:Quran and miracles
7499:Criticism of Islam
7213:Geometric patterns
7065:Gender segregation
6636:Non-denominational
5802:Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub
5649:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
4930:2018-01-04 at the
4917:2016-03-05 at the
4811:Palgrave Macmillan
4661:Islamic Philosophy
4398:Richard McCarthy
4380:Richard McCarthy
4367:Richard McCarthy
4160:Richard McCarthy
3905:Islamic Philosophy
3774:New York, NY 2009
3712:. pp. 55–58.
3439:. pp. 61–63.
3077:Islamic Golden Age
3007:through discussion
2938:
2853:Paradise and hell.
2721:Western philosophy
2376:Muʿtazilite school
1898:Abdullah al-Harari
1819:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
1668:Ibrahim al-Laqqani
1029:Abu 'Imran al-Fasi
857:
704:, and theological
667:school of theology
483:Neo-traditionalism
96:interlanguage link
11215:
11214:
11211:
11210:
11207:
11206:
11163:
11162:
10972:Muhammad Jaunpuri
10899:
10898:
10825:Sumāma ibn Ashras
10661:
10660:
10512:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
10487:
10486:
10357:Gaylān ibn Marwān
10254:
10253:
10106:
10105:
9769:Abdallah al-Aftah
9585:
9584:
9498:
9497:
9482:Necmettin Erbakan
9324:Siddiq Hasan Khan
9288:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
9222:
9221:
9218:
9217:
9196:
9195:
9136:Tajrid al-I'tiqad
9130:Tashih al-I'tiqad
9041:Al-Sawad al-A'zam
8977:
8976:
8959:Al-Qasim al-Rassi
8926:Idris Imad al-Din
8879:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
8854:Ruhollah Khomeini
8834:Zurarah ibn A'yan
8809:Sharif al-Murtaza
8797:Muhammad al-Mahdi
8782:Muhammad al-Jawad
8762:Muhammad al-Baqir
8663:Siddiq Hasan Khan
8639:Rabee al-Madkhali
8288:Murtada al-Zabidi
8063:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
7829:
7828:
7636:
7635:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7570:Domestic violence
7560:Islamic terrorism
7555:Islamic extremism
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7149:
6940:Marriage contract
6770:
6769:
6730:Political aspects
6517:Story of Prophets
6286:Prophets of Islam
6189:
6188:
6176:Lubab al-Muhassal
6034:
6033:
5987:
5986:
5933:
5932:
5874:
5873:
5784:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
5753:
5752:
5260:M'Hamed al-Azhari
5224:Ibrahim al-Laqani
5056:Abu Imran al-Fasi
4882:978-0-231-53192-4
4828:978-0-230-10658-1
4778:978-0-86078-979-6
4628:Science and Islam
4603:978-1-78074-420-9
4558:978-1-78074-420-9
4353:978-1-135-17960-1
4332:978-1-847-06478-3
4311:978-1-317-27339-4
4290:978-0-759-10190-6
4237:978-1-78074-420-9
4201:978-0-199-88041-6
4191:John L. Esposito
3780:978-1-438-12696-8
3759:978-1-134-22564-4
3719:978-0-7914-3760-5
3635:, pp. 14–15.
3588:978-90-04-42661-0
3516:978-0-86078-978-9
3446:978-0-7591-0190-6
3340:978-0-19-969670-3
3315:Schmidtke, Sabine
3228:978-0-7914-6800-5
3089:scientific method
3073:Muslim scientists
3028:
3027:
2655:is all-powerful (
2599:
2598:
2591:
2418:rational thinking
2402:Istihsan al‑Khaud
2302:
2301:
2127:Al-Zaytuna Mosque
2082:Lubab al-Muhassal
1958:Theological works
1947:
1946:
1938:
1929:
1925:Wahbah al-Zuhayli
1920:
1911:
1902:
1892:
1883:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1799:
1790:
1789:(d. 1276/1859-60)
1786:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1730:
1721:
1705:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1569:
1545:
1536:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1161:Ibn Rushd al-Jadd
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
973:
964:
889:Rock carved with
842:Al-Zaytuna Mosque
737:attributes of God
659:
611:
610:
456:Deobandi movement
128:
127:
57:
53:
11260:
11248:Islamic theology
10914:
10913:
10680:
10679:
10498:
10497:
10474:Nusayr ibn Yahyā
10456:Awn ibn Abdullāh
10443:Sa'id ibn Jubayr
10413:Ubayd al-Mūktaib
10279:
10278:
10123:
10122:
10092:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus
10061:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī
10030:Khashabiyya Shia
9966:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān
9924:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān
9707:Imadaddin Nasimi
9612:
9611:
9509:
9508:
9380:Salafi Modernism
9283:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
9250:
9249:
9241:
9240:
9228:
9227:
9124:Awail Al Maqalat
9006:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
8986:
8985:
8916:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
8871:Isma'ili Shi'ism
8859:Wilayat al-faqih
8839:Hisham ibn Hakam
8824:Allamah Al-Hilli
8048:Muhammad Mayyara
7840:
7839:
7710:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7678:
7677:
7670:Islamic theology
7663:
7656:
7649:
7640:
7639:
7626:
7625:
7618:Islam portal
7616:
7615:
7614:
7406:
7405:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7233:Medieval science
7176:
7175:
7166:
7160:
7159:
6817:Economic history
6800:
6799:
6776:
6775:
6762:Islam by country
6595:Bektashi Alevism
6243:
6242:
6234:Outline of Islam
6216:
6209:
6202:
6193:
6192:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6038:
6037:
6026:
6025:Islamic theology
6019:
6012:
6005:
5999:
5942:
5941:
5900:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
5883:
5882:
5771:
5770:
5761:
5499:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
5296:Ahmad al-Ghumari
5266:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
5242:Al-Hasan al-Yusi
5230:Muhammad Mayyara
5128:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
5032:
5031:
5027:
5019:
5018:Ash'ari scholars
5007:
5003:
5002:
4995:Islam portal
4993:
4992:
4991:
4977:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4945:
4944:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4861:Hughes, Aaron W.
4856:
4849:
4847:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4744:
4743:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4656:Sardar, Ziauddin
4652:
4646:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4515:. pp. 10–11
4510:
4501:
4492:
4485:
4479:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4403:
4396:
4385:
4378:
4372:
4365:
4356:
4341:
4335:
4320:
4314:
4301:Alexander Knysh
4299:
4293:
4278:
4269:
4268:
4260:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4210:
4204:
4189:
4180:
4179:
4171:
4165:
4164:1953 Appendix IV
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4106:. Archived from
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4081:. Archived from
4075:
4069:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4012:. Archived from
4004:Allard, Michel.
4001:
3995:
3985:
3979:
3969:
3963:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3927:Brill Publishers
3918:
3912:
3901:Sardar, Ziauddin
3898:
3892:
3891:
3877:
3871:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3768:
3762:
3747:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3697:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3617:
3616:
3571:Brill Publishers
3554:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3482:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3306:
3285:
3284:
3265:Brill Publishers
3256:
3241:
3240:
3201:
3178:
3166:
3023:
3020:
3014:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2837:Munkar and Nakir
2683:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2495:(d. AH 406) and
2386:("literalist"),
2294:
2287:
2280:
2264:
2263:
2256:Islam portal
2254:
2253:
2252:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1890:
1881:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1828:Yusuf al-Nabhani
1821:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1759:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
1752:
1728:
1719:
1703:
1701:Al-Hasan al-Yusi
1679:
1677:Muhammad Mayyara
1670:
1661:
1659:Ahmad al-Maqqari
1652:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1567:
1543:
1534:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1345:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
1323:
1315:(d. c. 685/1286)
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
971:
962:
947:
946:
941:Eminent scholars
887:
864:
863:
850:Islamic learning
752:Ashʿarite school
741:history of Islam
664:
654:
652:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
603:
596:
589:
577:Islam portal
575:
574:
573:
451:Barelvi movement
417:
416:
330:
329:
156:
147:
141:
140:
130:
129:
107:
101:
74:Google Translate
55:
51:
34:
33:
26:
11268:
11267:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11259:
11258:
11257:
11218:
11217:
11216:
11203:
11159:
11116:
11087:Ahmed Raza Khan
11068:
11022:
11012:Fethullah Gülen
10987:Nation of Islam
10908:
10905:
10895:
10838:
10815:Ahmad ibn Hābīt
10743:
10735:
10673:
10669:
10657:
10578:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
10548:
10483:
10468:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb
10426:
10343:
10272:
10269:
10266:
10262:
10250:
10201:
10114:
10102:
10036:
9910:
9903:
9871:Hassan-i Sabbah
9754:
9746:
9618:
9605:
9601:
9597:
9593:
9581:
9546:Hasan al-Utrush
9494:
9460:Ahmed Raza Khan
9406:
9398:
9305:Dawud al-Zahiri
9256:
9235:
9214:
9192:
9141:
9088:
9048:Kitab al-Tawhid
8973:
8935:
8865:
8792:Hasan al-Askari
8767:Ja'far al-Sadiq
8729:Twelver Shi'ism
8723:
8695:Salafi Jihadism
8690:Osama bin Laden
8673:Safar Al-Hawali
8634:Saleh Al-Fawzan
8568:
8538:
8531:Sahib ibn Abbad
8526:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
8491:Ja'far ibn Harb
8456:Wasil ibn 'Ata'
8453:
8445:
8413:
8374:ī (Muqātilīyya)
8354:
8312:
8268:Shah Abdul Aziz
8141:
8133:
8087:
8073:Ahmad al-Dardir
7958:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
7846:
7825:
7797:
7769:
7736:
7697:
7696:
7672:
7667:
7637:
7632:
7612:
7610:
7594:
7516:Cultural Muslim
7487:
7454:
7410:Other religions
7400:
7396:
7378:
7313:
7280:
7227:
7170:
7168:Islamic studies
7164:
7146:
6980:
6925:
6902:
6849:
6794:
6793:
6766:
6715:Moral teachings
6658:
6640:
6614:Nation of Islam
6575:Twelver Shi'ism
6522:
6488:Religious texts
6482:
6400:Early conquests
6383:
6365:
6317:
6237:
6226:
6220:
6190:
6185:
6087:
6070:
6065:
6035:
6030:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5997:
5983:
5929:
5870:
5861:Ayyubid dynasty
5838:Omar al-Mukhtar
5767:Ash'ari leaders
5762:
5749:
5718:
5693:
5463:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
5335:
5290:Muhammad 'Ilish
5272:Ahmad al-Tijani
5254:Ahmad al-Dardir
5023:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5005:
4989:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4932:Wayback Machine
4919:Wayback Machine
4908:
4895:
4893:
4883:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4791:
4789:
4779:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4713:
4709:
4701:
4699:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4668:
4653:
4649:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4577:
4573:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4495:
4486:
4482:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4375:
4366:
4359:
4347:Routledge 2013
4342:
4338:
4321:
4317:
4300:
4296:
4279:
4272:
4261:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4211:
4207:
4190:
4183:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4155:
4146:
4144:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4113:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4088:
4086:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4017:
4002:
3998:
3986:
3982:
3970:
3966:
3954:
3950:
3919:
3915:
3899:
3895:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3844:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3769:
3765:
3753:Routledge 2006
3749:Abdullah Saeed
3748:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3720:
3698:
3687:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3620:
3589:
3555:
3546:
3540:
3517:
3483:
3468:
3462:
3447:
3423:
3419:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3341:
3307:
3288:
3257:
3244:
3229:
3202:
3181:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3131:
3069:Ziauddin Sardar
3024:
3018:
3015:
3004:
2993:This article's
2989:
2985:
2978:
2921:
2919:Later Ashʿarism
2891:
2801:
2753:Islamic prophet
2681:
2646:
2615:
2595:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2564:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2477:
2298:
2250:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2194:
2193:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2123:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2077:
2062:
2047:
2039:
2024:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1893:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1872:14th AH/20th AD
1864:
1863:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1814:
1813:
1812:13th AH/19th AD
1804:
1803:
1800:
1795:Muhammad 'Ilish
1791:
1782:
1777:Ahmad al-Tijani
1773:
1764:
1755:
1750:Ahmad al-Dardir
1745:
1744:
1743:12th AH/18th AD
1735:
1734:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1706:
1696:
1695:
1694:11th AH/17th AD
1686:
1685:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1645:
1644:
1643:10th AH/16th AD
1635:
1634:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1537:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1480:(d. 807/1404-5)
1473:
1464:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1354:Ibn 'Ata' Allah
1350:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1215:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1032:(d. 430/1038-9)
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
988:
987:
978:
977:
974:
965:
955:
954:
944:
943:
932:
899:
862:
835:
621:
617:
607:
571:
569:
564:
563:
542:Kutub al-Sittah
531:
523:
522:
503:
493:
492:
446:
436:
435:
410:
409:
380:
370:
369:
327:
326:
301:
286:
285:
261:
251:
250:
221:
211:
210:
166:
143:
142:
134:
133:
124:
123:
122:
105:
99:
58:
52:(November 2020)
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11266:
11256:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11213:
11212:
11209:
11208:
11205:
11204:
11202:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11168:
11165:
11164:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11126:
11124:
11118:
11117:
11115:
11114:
11109:
11108:
11107:
11102:
11093:
11078:
11076:
11070:
11069:
11067:
11066:
11065:
11064:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11041:Muhammad Abduh
11032:
11030:
11024:
11023:
11021:
11020:
11019:
11018:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10984:
10983:
10982:
10964:
10963:
10962:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10922:
10920:
10911:
10901:
10900:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10893:
10892:
10891:
10886:
10884:Rashad Khalifa
10876:
10875:
10874:
10869:
10867:Muhammad Iqbal
10859:
10854:
10848:
10846:
10840:
10839:
10837:
10836:
10835:
10834:
10828:
10827:
10826:
10820:
10819:
10818:
10817:
10816:
10810:
10807:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10796:
10795:
10794:
10785:
10784:
10783:
10775:
10774:
10773:
10772:
10771:
10766:
10758:
10751:
10749:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10733:
10720:
10718:Bektashi Order
10711:
10702:
10688:
10686:
10677:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10653:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10632:
10631:
10630:
10622:
10621:
10620:
10614:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10597:
10596:
10595:
10589:
10588:
10587:
10581:
10580:
10579:
10571:
10570:
10569:
10567:Abu al-Khattab
10558:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10525:Abū Hulmān al-
10518:
10515:
10514:
10513:
10506:
10504:
10495:
10489:
10488:
10485:
10484:
10482:
10481:
10480:Amr ibn Murrah
10478:
10477:Ahmad ibn Hārb
10475:
10472:
10469:
10466:
10465:Salm ibn Sālem
10463:
10460:
10457:
10454:
10451:
10448:
10445:
10440:
10434:
10432:
10428:
10427:
10425:
10424:
10423:
10422:
10416:
10415:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10406:
10400:
10399:
10398:
10397:Sāleh ibn Umar
10392:
10391:
10390:
10384:
10383:
10382:
10376:
10375:
10374:
10373:Gassān al-Kūfī
10368:
10367:
10366:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10351:
10349:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10341:
10340:
10339:
10336:
10333:
10330:
10327:
10324:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10312:
10309:
10306:
10303:
10300:
10297:
10294:
10287:
10285:
10276:
10256:
10255:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10243:
10242:
10241:
10231:
10222:
10220:Jābir ibn Zayd
10217:
10211:
10209:
10203:
10202:
10200:
10199:
10198:
10197:
10188:
10178:
10177:
10176:
10166:
10165:
10164:
10158:
10157:
10156:
10146:
10145:
10144:
10141:
10138:
10131:
10129:
10120:
10108:
10107:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10100:
10095:
10094:
10093:
10088:Tawussite Shia
10085:
10084:
10083:
10069:
10068:
10067:
10053:
10047:
10045:
10038:
10037:
10035:
10034:
10033:
10032:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10020:
10019:
10018:
10013:
10012:
10011:
10006:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9971:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9967:
9961:
9960:
9959:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9951:
9943:
9928:
9927:
9926:
9915:
9913:
9905:
9904:
9902:
9901:
9900:
9899:
9890:
9877:
9863:
9862:
9861:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9842:
9841:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9810:
9809:
9808:
9791:
9773:
9772:
9771:
9760:
9758:
9748:
9747:
9745:
9744:
9743:
9742:
9733:
9719:
9718:
9717:
9700:
9682:
9681:
9680:
9654:
9653:
9652:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9640:
9624:
9622:
9609:
9587:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9579:
9578:
9577:
9572:
9562:
9561:
9560:
9558:Imams of Yemen
9555:
9553:Yahya ibn Umar
9550:
9549:
9548:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9517:
9515:
9506:
9500:
9499:
9496:
9495:
9493:
9492:
9491:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9479:
9466:
9443:
9442:
9441:
9440:
9439:
9425:
9414:
9412:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9395:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9376:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9328:
9327:
9326:
9307:
9297:
9296:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9275:
9274:
9273:
9264:
9262:
9247:
9237:
9236:
9224:
9223:
9220:
9219:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9212:
9207:
9201:
9198:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9179:
9168:
9161:Kitab al-Majmu
9157:
9149:
9147:
9143:
9142:
9140:
9139:
9132:
9127:
9120:
9113:
9106:
9098:
9096:
9090:
9089:
9087:
9086:
9079:
9072:
9065:
9058:
9051:
9044:
9037:
9030:
9023:
9016:
9009:
9002:
8999:Asas al-Taqdis
8994:
8992:
8983:
8979:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8945:
8943:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8912:
8911:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8875:
8873:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8863:
8862:
8861:
8851:
8849:Ja'far Sobhani
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8800:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8752:Husayn ibn Ali
8749:
8744:
8733:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8721:
8720:
8719:
8711:
8710:
8709:
8699:
8698:
8697:
8687:
8685:Salman al-Ouda
8682:
8681:
8680:
8678:Sahwa movement
8670:
8668:Zubair Ali Zai
8665:
8660:
8659:
8658:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8589:
8584:
8578:
8576:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8561:
8558:
8555:
8548:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8516:Al-Zamakhshari
8513:
8512:
8511:
8501:
8495:
8492:
8489:
8486:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8471:
8468:
8461:
8459:
8447:
8446:
8444:
8443:
8423:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8411:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8391:
8375:
8364:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8353:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8349:
8348:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8322:
8320:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8253:Ahmad Sirhindi
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8149:
8147:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8131:
8121:
8114:Malik ibn Anas
8111:
8100:
8098:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7878:Al-Shahrastani
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7807:
7805:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7779:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7746:
7744:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7718:
7716:
7707:
7699:
7698:
7695:
7694:
7691:
7686:
7682:
7674:
7673:
7666:
7665:
7658:
7651:
7643:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7620:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7551:
7550:
7540:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7518:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7495:
7493:
7492:Related topics
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7464:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7414:
7412:
7402:
7401:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7364:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7290:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7237:
7235:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7184:
7182:
7172:
7171:
7156:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7125:
7123:Sources of law
7120:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7103:
7096:
7091:
7084:
7079:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7001:
6996:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6936:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6893:
6888:
6881:
6874:
6867:
6859:
6857:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6840:
6833:
6826:
6819:
6814:
6808:
6806:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6780:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6747:Social welfare
6744:
6739:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6532:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6492:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6431:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6410:Historiography
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6327:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6271:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6251:
6249:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6219:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6196:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6181:Matn Ibn Ashir
6178:
6173:
6168:
6166:Asas al-Taqdis
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6064:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6041:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6007:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5945:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5895:Asas al-Taqdis
5892:
5886:
5880:
5879:Theology books
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5814:Al-Ashraf Musa
5811:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5774:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5728:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5710:
5703:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5643:Hasan al-Attar
5640:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5478:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5451:Al-Shahrastani
5448:
5442:
5436:
5430:
5424:
5418:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5345:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5326:Ahmed el-Tayeb
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5098:Al-Qadi 'Ayyad
5095:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5071:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5047:
5040:
5038:
5029:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
4997:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4935:
4922:
4907:
4906:External links
4904:
4903:
4902:
4881:
4857:
4827:
4798:
4777:
4759:Gutas, Dimitri
4752:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4707:
4676:
4647:
4624:Muzaffar Iqbal
4616:
4602:
4571:
4557:
4526:
4493:
4480:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4386:
4373:
4357:
4336:
4315:
4294:
4270:
4250:
4236:
4205:
4181:
4166:
4153:
4129:
4120:
4095:
4079:"Imam Bayhaqi"
4070:
4053:
4044:
4026:
3996:
3980:
3964:
3948:
3913:
3893:
3872:
3859:
3842:
3838:Halverson 2010
3830:
3824:
3810:
3790:
3784:
3763:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3685:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3646:
3637:
3633:Halverson 2010
3618:
3587:
3544:
3538:
3515:
3491:Gutas, Dimitri
3466:
3460:
3445:
3437:AltaMira Press
3417:
3388:10.2307/604336
3360:
3354:
3339:
3286:
3242:
3227:
3179:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3122:Book of Optics
3081:Ibn al-Haytham
3026:
3025:
2992:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2920:
2917:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2874:
2871:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2840:
2833:
2828:Belief in the
2826:
2816:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2728:
2685:
2677:
2660:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2614:
2611:
2597:
2596:
2554:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2499:(d. AH 384)).
2476:
2473:
2392:anthropotheist
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2191:Related groups
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2132:Umayyad Mosque
2129:
2124:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2067:Asas al-Taqdis
2063:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:(d. 1442/2021)
1931:
1928:(d. 1436/2015)
1922:
1919:(d. 1434/2013)
1913:
1910:(d. 1432/2010)
1904:
1901:(d. 1429/2008)
1894:
1891:(d. 1425/2004)
1885:
1882:(d. 1419/1998)
1875:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:(d. 1393/1973)
1852:
1849:(d. 1390/1970)
1843:
1840:(d. 1379/1960)
1834:
1831:(d. 1350/1931)
1825:
1822:(d. 1304/1886)
1815:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:(d. 1299/1882)
1792:
1783:
1780:(d. 1230/1815)
1774:
1771:(d. 1227/1812)
1765:
1762:(d. 1224/1809)
1756:
1753:(d. 1204/1786)
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:(d. 1176/1762)
1723:
1720:(d. 1132/1720)
1714:
1712:(d. 1122/1710)
1707:
1704:(d. 1102/1691)
1697:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:(d. 1072/1662)
1674:
1671:(d. 1041/1631)
1665:
1662:(d. 1041/1632)
1656:
1653:(d. 1040/1631)
1646:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1571:
1561:
1558:9th AH/15th AD
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1446:
1443:8th AH/14th AD
1442:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1341:
1338:7th AH/13th AD
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1251:(d. 630/ 1233)
1245:
1235:
1232:6th AH/12th AD
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1197:Al-Shahrastani
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1121:
1118:5th AH/11th AD
1117:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
989:
986:4th AH/10th AD
985:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
966:
956:
952:
951:
950:
945:
939:
938:
937:
934:
933:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
906:
905:
901:
900:
888:
880:
879:
873:
872:
861:
858:
834:
831:
815:Ibn al-Haytham
609:
608:
606:
605:
598:
591:
583:
580:
579:
566:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
548:
547:
546:
545:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
510:
504:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
474:
473:
468:
458:
453:
447:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
407:
406:
396:
381:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
360:
353:
346:
339:
324:
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
222:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
201:Predestination
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
167:
162:
161:
158:
157:
149:
148:
126:
125:
121:
120:
113:
102:
80:
77:
66:
59:
40:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11265:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11225:
11223:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11174:
11170:
11169:
11166:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11127:
11125:
11123:
11122:Other beliefs
11119:
11113:
11110:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11097:
11096:Hilmi Tunahan
11094:
11092:
11088:
11085:
11084:
11083:
11080:
11079:
11077:
11075:
11071:
11063:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11046:Muhammad Asad
11044:
11042:
11039:
11038:
11037:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11029:
11025:
11017:
11013:
11009:
11006:
11005:
11004:
11001:
10997:
10993:
10990:
10989:
10988:
10985:
10981:
10977:
10973:
10970:
10969:
10968:
10965:
10961:
10957:
10956:Sabbatai Zevi
10954:
10953:
10952:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10928:
10927:
10924:
10923:
10921:
10919:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10902:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10881:
10880:
10877:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10864:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10847:
10845:
10841:
10832:
10831:
10829:
10824:
10823:
10821:
10814:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:Ali al-Aswarī
10805:
10804:
10802:
10799:
10792:
10791:
10789:
10788:
10786:
10781:
10780:
10779:
10776:
10770:
10767:
10764:
10763:
10762:
10759:
10756:
10755:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10742:
10738:
10732:
10728:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10697:
10693:
10690:
10689:
10687:
10685:
10681:
10678:
10675:
10668:
10664:
10652:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10633:
10628:
10627:
10626:
10623:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10606:
10603:
10602:
10601:
10598:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10585:
10584:
10583:Muʿāmmarīyya
10582:
10577:
10576:
10575:
10572:
10568:
10565:
10564:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10551:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10528:
10524:
10523:
10522:
10519:
10516:
10511:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10503:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10490:
10479:
10476:
10473:
10470:
10467:
10464:
10461:
10458:
10455:
10452:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10429:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10396:
10395:
10393:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10380:
10379:
10377:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10364:
10363:
10361:
10356:
10355:
10353:
10352:
10350:
10346:
10337:
10334:
10331:
10328:
10325:
10322:
10319:
10316:
10313:
10310:
10307:
10304:
10301:
10298:
10295:
10292:
10291:
10289:
10288:
10286:
10284:
10280:
10277:
10274:
10268:
10261:
10257:
10247:
10244:
10240:
10237:
10236:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10208:
10204:
10196:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10183:
10182:
10179:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10170:
10167:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10151:
10150:
10147:
10142:
10139:
10136:
10135:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10128:
10124:
10121:
10118:
10113:
10109:
10099:
10098:Waqifite Shia
10096:
10091:
10090:
10089:
10086:
10082:
10078:
10075:
10074:
10073:
10070:
10066:
10062:
10059:
10058:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10044:
10039:
10031:
10028:
10024:
10023:Ishaq al-Turk
10021:
10017:
10014:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9996:
9995:
9992:
9988:
9985:
9984:
9983:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9976:
9975:
9972:
9965:
9964:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9937:
9936:
9932:
9929:
9925:
9922:
9921:
9920:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9912:
9906:
9898:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9885:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9867:
9864:
9860:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9843:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9825:
9824:
9821:
9820:
9819:
9816:
9815:
9814:
9811:
9807:
9803:
9799:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9782:
9781:Hamdan Qarmat
9779:
9778:
9777:
9774:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9765:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9741:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9728:
9725:
9724:
9723:
9720:
9716:
9712:
9708:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9688:
9687:
9686:
9683:
9679:
9678:Safavid Islam
9675:
9671:
9667:
9663:
9662:Sheikh Haydar
9660:
9659:
9658:
9655:
9651:
9648:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9635:
9634:
9631:
9630:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9588:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9567:
9566:
9563:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9547:
9544:
9543:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9522:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9514:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9501:
9487:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9474:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9461:
9457:
9454:
9453:
9452:
9449:
9448:
9447:
9444:
9438:
9434:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9420:
9419:
9416:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9405:
9401:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9381:
9378:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9359:
9356:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9333:
9332:
9329:
9325:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9316:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9302:
9301:
9298:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9279:
9276:
9272:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9255:
9254:Ahl al-Hadith
9251:
9248:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9229:
9225:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9199:
9189:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9178:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9167:
9166:
9162:
9158:
9156:
9155:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9144:
9138:
9137:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9125:
9121:
9119:
9118:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9107:
9105:
9104:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9095:
9091:
9085:
9084:
9080:
9078:
9077:
9073:
9071:
9070:
9066:
9064:
9063:
9059:
9057:
9056:
9052:
9050:
9049:
9045:
9043:
9042:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9031:
9029:
9028:
9024:
9022:
9021:
9017:
9015:
9014:
9010:
9008:
9007:
9003:
9001:
9000:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8987:
8984:
8980:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8941:Zaydi Shi'ism
8938:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8868:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8772:Musa al-Kazim
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8757:Ali al-Sajjad
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8747:Hasan ibn Ali
8745:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8718:Post-Salafism
8717:
8716:
8715:
8712:
8708:
8705:
8704:
8703:
8700:
8696:
8693:
8692:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8649:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8582:Ibn Taymiyyah
8580:
8579:
8577:
8575:
8571:
8563:Mustadrakīyya
8562:
8559:
8556:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8541:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8521:Amr ibn Ubayd
8519:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8507:
8506:
8505:
8502:
8499:
8496:
8493:
8490:
8487:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8472:
8469:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8452:
8448:
8441:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8416:
8409:
8405:
8402:
8398:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8373:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8361:
8357:
8346:
8345:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8339:
8336:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8315:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8140:
8136:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8115:
8112:
8109:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8090:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7845:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7832:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7739:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7711:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7664:
7659:
7657:
7652:
7650:
7645:
7644:
7641:
7629:
7621:
7619:
7609:
7608:
7605:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7541:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7531:Post-Islamism
7529:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7490:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7429:
7428:Protestantism
7426:
7424:
7421:
7420:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7393:
7389:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7316:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7283:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7271:Ophthalmology
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7161:
7157:
7143:
7140:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7019:Death penalty
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:Other aspects
6983:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6944:
6942:
6941:
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6922:
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6899:
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6889:
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6824:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6790:
6789:Jurisprudence
6787:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
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6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6528:Denominations
6525:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
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6454:
6452:
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6444:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6313:Holiest sites
6311:
6309:
6308:Judgement Day
6306:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6229:
6224:
6217:
6212:
6210:
6205:
6203:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6069:
6068:Ash'ari books
6062:
6057:
6055:
6050:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6027:
6022:
6020:
6015:
6013:
6008:
6006:
6000:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5954:Ahl al-Hadith
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Al-Muwahhidun
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5778:Nizam al-Mulk
5776:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5760:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5689:Gibril Haddad
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5661:Noah al-Qudah
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5601:Al-Qastallani
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5559:Ibn al-Jazari
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5110:Ibn al-Qattan
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5014:
5008:
4998:
4996:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4957:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4845:
4830:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4799:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4680:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4644:9780313335761
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4605:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4498:
4490:
4484:
4477:
4471:
4462:
4453:
4444:
4435:
4426:
4417:
4408:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4265:Mohammedanism
4259:
4257:
4255:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4157:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4124:
4110:on 2013-02-16
4109:
4105:
4099:
4085:on 2018-06-03
4084:
4080:
4074:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4048:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4016:on 2020-10-29
4015:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3869:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3813:
3811:9789089644510
3807:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3788:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3735:
3729:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3650:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3364:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:Eduard Sachau
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3032:Ibn Taymiyyah
3022:
3012:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2796:Prophets and
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2725:occasionalism
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2593:
2590:
2582:
2579:November 2023
2572:
2571:the talk page
2568:
2562:
2560:
2555:This section
2553:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:Ahl al-Hadith
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1629:(d. 977/1570)
1627:
1624:
1620:(d. 974/1567)
1618:
1615:
1611:(d. 973/1565)
1609:
1606:
1602:(d. 926/1520)
1600:
1597:
1593:(d. 923/1517)
1591:
1590:Al-Qastallani
1588:
1584:(d. 911/1505)
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:(d. 902/1497)
1566:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1544:(d. 899/1493)
1542:
1539:
1535:(d. 875/1470)
1533:
1529:
1525:(d. 864/1459)
1523:
1520:
1516:(d. 852/1449)
1514:
1511:
1507:(d. 833/1429)
1505:
1504:Ibn al-Jazari
1502:
1498:(d. 816/1413)
1496:
1493:
1489:(d. 808/1406)
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1471:(d. 806/1404)
1469:
1466:
1462:(d. 805/1405)
1460:
1457:
1453:(d. 803/1401)
1451:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1429:(d. 794/1392)
1427:
1424:
1420:(d. 793/1390)
1418:
1415:
1411:(d. 786/1384)
1409:
1406:
1402:(d. 771/1370)
1400:
1397:
1393:(d. 756/1355)
1391:
1388:
1384:(d. 745/1344)
1382:
1379:
1375:(d. 741/1340)
1373:
1370:
1366:(d. 715/1315)
1364:
1361:
1357:(d. 709/1309)
1355:
1352:
1348:(d. 702/1302)
1346:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1324:(d. 687/1288)
1322:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1306:(d. 684/1285)
1304:
1301:
1297:(d. 676/1277)
1295:
1292:
1288:(d. 671/1272)
1286:
1283:
1279:(d. 660/1262)
1277:
1273:
1269:(d. 646/1248)
1267:
1264:
1260:(d. 631/1233)
1258:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:(d. 606/1209)
1240:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1218:(d. 578/1182)
1216:
1213:
1209:(d. 571/1176)
1207:
1204:
1200:(d. 548/1153)
1198:
1195:
1191:(d. 544/1149)
1189:
1188:Al-Qadi 'Iyad
1186:
1182:(d. 543/1148)
1180:
1177:
1173:(d. 536/1141)
1171:
1168:
1164:(d. 520/1126)
1162:
1159:
1155:(d. 513/1119)
1153:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1137:(d. 505/1111)
1135:
1132:
1128:(d. 502/1108)
1126:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1104:(d. 478/1085)
1102:
1099:
1095:(d. 476/1083)
1093:
1090:
1086:(d. 474/1081)
1084:
1081:
1077:(d. 465/1072)
1075:
1072:
1068:(d. 463/1071)
1066:
1063:
1059:(d. 458/1066)
1057:
1054:
1050:(d. 450/1058)
1048:
1045:
1041:(d. 434/1043)
1039:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1023:(d. 429/1037)
1021:
1018:
1014:(d. 418/1027)
1012:
1009:
1005:(d. 406/1015)
1003:
1000:
996:(d. 403/1013)
994:
991:
990:
982:
981:
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967:
961:
958:
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953:3rd AH/9th AD
949:
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662:al-Ashʿariyya
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48:
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41:You can help
37:
28:
27:
22:
11105:Other orders
11010: /
11003:Nur movement
10974: /
10931:Mirza Ghulam
10862:Tolu-e-Islam
10731:Galibi Order
10729: /
10714:Balım Sultan
10709:Babai revolt
10700:Qalandariyya
10698: /
10600:Mufaḍḍaliyya
10509:Jawārībīyya
10462:Umar ibn Zar
10431:Other Murjīs
10160:Bayhasīyyah
10077:Nuqta-yi Ula
9893:Pir Sadardin
9886: /
9800: /
9796: /
9713: /
9705: /
9692: /
9672: /
9668: /
9664: /
9521:Zayd ibn Ali
9471: /
9458: /
9417:
9409:Ilm al-Kalam
9322: /
9315:Ahl-i Hadith
9183:Umm al-kitab
9181:
9170:
9159:
9152:
9134:
9129:
9122:
9115:
9108:
9101:
9081:
9074:
9069:Fihi Ma Fihi
9067:
9060:
9053:
9046:
9039:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9011:
9004:
8997:
8737:Twelve Imams
8656:Ahl-i Hadith
8587:Ibnul Qayyim
8467:(Nazzāmīyya)
7948:Ibn al-Jawzi
7888:Al-Taftazani
7863:Al-Baqillani
7843:
7543:Islamophobia
7418:Christianity
7366:
7299:Contemporary
7193:Architecture
7132:
7098:
7086:
7074:
7032:
7025:
6991:
6973:
6968:Nikah mut'ah
6966:
6959:
6952:
6945:
6938:
6931:
6895:
6883:
6876:
6869:
6862:
6842:
6835:
6828:
6821:
6734:
6540:
6515:
6439:
6421:
6414:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6323:Five Pillars
6300:
6266:
6255:God in Islam
6232:
6080:
6067:
5852:(d. 1382 AH)
5846:(d. 1354 AH)
5840:(d. 1350 AH)
5834:(d. 1300 AH)
5713:Ibn al-Jawzi
5684:Ali al-Jifri
5675:(d. 1434 AH)
5669:(d. 1432 AH)
5663:(d. 1432 AH)
5657:(d. 1379 AH)
5651:(d. 1304 AH)
5645:(d. 1230 AH)
5639:(d. 1132 AH)
5633:(d. 1031 AH)
5475:Ibn al-Salah
5322:(d. 1425 AH)
5316:(d. 1419 AH)
5310:(d. 1397 AH)
5304:(d. 1393 AH)
5298:(d. 1380 AH)
5292:(d. 1299 AH)
5286:(d. 1276 AH)
5280:(d. 1230 AH)
5274:(d. 1230 AH)
5268:(d. 1224 AH)
5262:(d. 1208 AH)
5256:(d. 1201 AH)
5250:(d. 1122 AH)
5244:(d. 1102 AH)
5238:(d. 1090 AH)
5232:(d. 1072 AH)
5226:(d. 1041 AH)
5220:(d. 1041 AH)
5214:(d. 1036 AH)
5188:Ahmad Zarruq
5140:Ibn Adjurrum
5086:Ibn Barrajan
5050:Al-Baqillani
4974:
4940:– sunna.info
4894:. Retrieved
4871:. New York:
4868:
4832:. Retrieved
4809:. New York:
4806:
4790:. Retrieved
4763:
4751:Bibliography
4720:
4716:
4710:
4700:, retrieved
4695:
4689:
4679:
4669:, retrieved
4660:
4650:
4627:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4584:
4574:
4562:. Retrieved
4539:
4529:
4517:. Retrieved
4512:
4488:
4483:
4475:
4470:
4461:
4452:
4443:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4407:
4399:
4381:
4376:
4368:
4344:
4339:
4323:
4318:
4302:
4297:
4281:
4264:
4241:. Retrieved
4218:
4208:
4192:
4175:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4145:. Retrieved
4141:
4132:
4123:
4112:. Retrieved
4108:the original
4098:
4087:. Retrieved
4083:the original
4073:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4018:. Retrieved
4014:the original
4009:
3999:
3983:
3967:
3951:
3922:
3916:
3904:
3896:
3885:
3884:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3840:, p. 9.
3833:
3827:
3815:. Retrieved
3800:
3793:
3787:
3771:
3766:
3750:
3734:
3728:
3708:. New York:
3705:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3649:
3640:
3566:
3560:
3541:
3494:
3463:
3430:
3420:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3318:
3260:
3217:. New York:
3212:
3172:
3169:"al-Ashʿari"
3164:
3120:
3116:
3100:
3092:
3067:
3044:
3029:
3016:
2997:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2928:Sa'id Foudah
2913:al-Taftazani
2910:
2906:Qadi Baydawi
2899:
2894:
2892:
2881:
2867:
2860:During sleep
2847:
2815:to Muhammad.
2802:
2797:
2786:
2765:
2759:
2739:
2735:
2708:
2698:
2692:
2667:
2647:
2616:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2585:
2576:
2565:Please help
2556:
2531:
2524:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2488:
2478:
2411:
2401:
2395:
2373:
2368:
2343:, among the
2324:
2307:was born in
2303:
2103:Institutions
2087:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1907:Nuh al-Qudah
1541:Ahmad Zarruq
1417:Al-Taftazani
1321:Ibn al-Nafis
1266:Ibn al-Hajib
1248:Ibn al-Athir
993:Al-Baqillani
972:(d. 371/982)
963:(d. 324/936)
890:
876:
819:Ibn al-Nafis
803:al-Baqillani
799:al-Taftazani
771:Ibn al-Jawzi
760:
751:
747:
745:
718:
689:
673:named after
613:
612:
540:
471:Ahl-i Hadith
411:In terms of
408:
384:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
325:
219:Five Pillars
92:edit summary
83:
50:
42:
11056:Rashid Rida
10904:Independent
10889:Edip Yüksel
10852:Ahle Qur'an
10803:Nazzāmīyya
10800:Ikhshīdiyya
10787:Huzaylīyya
10778:Bahshamiyya
10754:Mā’marīyya
10746:Rationalism
10696:Malamatiyya
10616:Mānsūrīyya
10562:Khaṭṭābiyya
10493:Mu'shabbiha
10453:Sābit Kutna
10386:Sawbānīyya
10370:Gassānīyya
10354:Gaylānīyya
10348:Other sects
10143:Sa'labīyyah
10140:Maymunīyyah
10117:Arbitration
9999:Khurramites
9963:Sam‘ānīyya
9736:Bābā Rexheb
9666:Shah Ismail
9486:Millî Görüş
9404:Ahl ar-Ra'y
9346:Al-Uthaymin
9267:Kullabiyya
9245:Sunni Islam
9146:Independent
8990:Sunni books
8814:Shaykh Tusi
8787:Ali al-Hadi
8777:Ali al-Rida
8714:Yasir Qadhi
8619:Al-Uthaymin
8609:Rashid Rida
8604:Al-Shawkani
8500:(Jāhizīyya)
8485:(Jubbāīyya)
8389:Jawālikīyya
8243:Ali al-Qari
8158:Al-Sarakhsi
8144:Al-Maturidi
8018:Al-Sha'rani
7998:Ibn Khaldun
7873:Al-Qushayri
7835:Theologians
7816:Metaphysics
7722:Eschatology
7689:Theologians
7318:Other areas
7309:Theological
7304:Eschatology
7261:Mathematics
7198:Calligraphy
7128:Theological
7082:Inheritance
6999:Cleanliness
6429:Shi'a Imams
6423:Ahl al-Bayt
5959:Ahl al-Ra'y
5828:(d. 741 AH)
5822:(d. 658 AH)
5816:(d. 635 AH)
5810:(d. 635 AH)
5804:(d. 615 AH)
5798:(d. 589 AH)
5792:(d. 558 AH)
5786:(d. 500 AH)
5780:(d. 485 AH)
5746:(d. 745 AH)
5740:(d. 592 AH)
5734:(d. 524 AH)
5715:(d. 534 AH)
5709:(d. 508 AH)
5627:(d. 977 AH)
5621:(d. 974 AH)
5615:(d. 973 AH)
5613:Al-Sha'rani
5609:(d. 926 AH)
5603:(d. 923 AH)
5597:(d. 918 AH)
5591:(d. 911 AH)
5585:(d. 911 AH)
5579:(d. 902 AH)
5573:(d. 852 AH)
5567:(d. 845 AH)
5561:(d. 833 AH)
5555:(d. 807 AH)
5549:(d. 806 AH)
5543:(d. 794 AH)
5541:Al-Zarkashi
5537:(d. 786 AH)
5531:(d. 771 AH)
5525:(d. 764 AH)
5519:(d. 756 AH)
5513:(d. 742 AH)
5507:(d. 728 AH)
5501:(d. 702 AH)
5495:(d. 685 AH)
5489:(d. 676 AH)
5483:(d. 660 AH)
5477:(d. 643 AH)
5471:(d. 606 AH)
5465:(d. 578 AH)
5459:(d. 571 AH)
5457:Ibn 'Asakir
5453:(d. 548 AH)
5447:(d. 516 AH)
5441:(d. 505 AH)
5435:(d. 502 AH)
5429:(d. 478 AH)
5423:(d. 471 AH)
5417:(d. 476 AH)
5411:(d. 465 AH)
5409:Al-Qushayri
5405:(d. 463 AH)
5399:(d. 458 AH)
5393:(d. 430 AH)
5387:(d. 429 AH)
5381:(d. 427 AH)
5379:Al-Tha'labi
5375:(d. 418 AH)
5369:(d. 406 AH)
5363:(d. 405 AH)
5357:(d. 371 AH)
5351:(d. 354 AH)
5331:Hamza Yusuf
5208:(d. 954 AH)
5202:(d. 953 AH)
5196:(d. 914 AH)
5190:(d. 899 AH)
5184:(d. 876 AH)
5178:(d. 808 AH)
5176:Ibn Khaldun
5172:(d. 803 AH)
5166:(d. 790 AH)
5160:(d. 776 AH)
5154:(d. 741 AH)
5148:(d. 737 AH)
5142:(d. 723 AH)
5136:(d. 709 AH)
5130:(d. 702 AH)
5124:(d. 684 AH)
5118:(d. 672 AH)
5112:(d. 628 AH)
5106:(d. 581 AH)
5100:(d. 544 AH)
5094:(d. 543 AH)
5088:(d. 536 AH)
5082:(d. 536 AH)
5076:(d. 520 AH)
5070:(d. 474 AH)
5064:(d. 458 AH)
5058:(d. 430 AH)
5052:(d. 403 AH)
5046:(d. 386 AH)
4402:1953 p. 251
4384:1953 p. 252
4371:1953 p. 250
4322:Ron Geaves
4035:"Ash'arism"
3855:Hughes 2013
3019:August 2021
2807:In all the
2785:Support of
2697:) or hell (
2475:Development
2414:discussions
2388:Mujassimite
1608:Al-Sha'rani
1486:Ibn Khaldun
1206:Ibn 'Asakir
1074:Al-Qushayri
923:Ahl al-Ra'y
913:Sunni Islam
827:Ibn Khaldun
823:Ibn Battuta
791:Ibn 'Asakir
706:rationalism
702:rationality
671:Sunni Islam
557:Persecution
393:Ahl al-Ra'y
145:Sunni Islam
11222:Categories
11100:Süleymancı
11008:Said Nursî
10967:Mahdavīyya
10918:Messianism
10822:Sumamīyya
10812:Hābītīyya
10705:Baba Ishak
10647:Saba'īyya
10634:Mukhāmmīsa
10625:Mughīrīyya
10612:Ghurābīyya
10574:Bāzīghiyya
10542:Bārāq Bābā
10521:Hulmānīyya
10418:Ziyādīyya
10410:Ubaydīyya
10402:Shamrīyya
10394:Sālehīyya
10378:Tūmanīyya
10362:Yūnusīyya
10323:Sauwāqīyya
10299:Hakāiqīyya
10283:Karrāmīyya
10273:Hanafiyyah
10127:Kharijites
10065:Nuktawiyya
10016:al-Muqanna
9994:Muḥammirah
9982:Abu Muslim
9978:Rezāmīyya
9953:Hārithīyya
9945:Janāhiyya
9935:Hashimiyya
9909:Kaysanites
9856:Badakhshan
9789:Qarmatians
9776:Batiniyyah
9756:Isma'ilism
9727:Demir Bābā
9722:Baktāshism
9715:Bektashism
9694:ibn Nusayr
9690:al-Khaṣībī
9674:Kul Nesîmî
9670:Pir Sultan
9575:Khalafiyya
9570:Dukayniyya
9504:Shia Islam
9446:Maturidism
9368:Madkhalism
9271:Ibn Kullab
9094:Shia books
8644:Madkhalism
8544:Najjārīyya
8434:al-Qībtī (
8408:Karramiyya
8404:Ibn Karram
8360:Mu'jassimā
8248:Al-Maydani
8238:Ali Qushji
8163:Al-Bazdawi
8139:Maturidism
8124:Al-Shafi'i
7993:Al-Baydawi
7953:Qadi Ayyad
7928:Ibn Tumart
7883:Al-Ghazali
7868:Al-Juwayni
7858:Al-Bayhaqi
7849:al-Ash'ari
7821:Philosophy
7742:Philosophy
7473:Ex-Muslims
7368:Shu'ubiyya
7362:Psychology
7350:Literature
7340:Inventions
7286:Philosophy
7094:Leadership
7070:Honorifics
6725:Philosophy
6580:Isma'ilism
6545:Maturidism
6434:Caliphates
6405:Golden Age
6296:Revelation
5732:Ibn Tumart
5577:Al-Sakhawi
5565:Al-Maqrizi
5493:Al-Baydawi
5445:Al-Baghawi
5439:Al-Ghazali
5427:Al-Juwayni
5397:Al-Bayhaqi
5355:Ibn Khafif
5349:Ibn Hibban
5236:Ibn 'Ashir
5200:Al-Akhdari
5170:Ibn 'Arafa
5152:Ibn Juzayy
5104:Al-Suhayli
4896:1 November
4834:21 January
4792:1 November
4787:2008927099
4702:2008-10-14
4671:2008-02-03
4592:. p.
4547:. p.
4226:. p.
4147:2020-10-14
4114:2013-02-13
4089:2013-02-13
4020:2021-04-01
3993:0761479295
3977:0755210115
3961:0195165209
3710:SUNY Press
3605:2020008682
3525:2006935669
3455:1291928025
3349:2016935488
3237:2005023943
3219:SUNY Press
3079:, such as
3051:al-Ghazali
3000:neutrality
2902:al-Juwayni
2798:the unseen
2657:omnipotent
2621:Existence;
2561:to readers
2497:al-Bayhaqi
2467:Companions
2423:innovators
2365:Abu Hanifa
2337:philosophy
2329:al-Jubba'i
2021:Al-Iqtisad
1650:Ibn 'Ashir
1565:Al-Sakhawi
1450:Ibn 'Arafa
1372:Ibn Juzayy
1312:Al-Baydawi
1285:Al-Qurtubi
1134:Al-Ghazali
1101:Al-Juwayni
1056:Al-Bayhaqi
1047:Al-Mawardi
969:Ibn Khafif
918:Kullabiyya
904:Background
897:Ibn Tumart
807:al-Bayhaqi
775:al-Ghazali
748:Ashʿarites
710:Maturidism
536:Literature
501:Holy sites
389:Maturidism
246:Pilgrimage
181:Holy books
11028:Modernism
10960:Sabbatean
10948:Kabbalist
10926:Ahmadiyya
10857:Kala Kato
10830:Kā‘bīyya
10761:Bishriyya
10741:Muʿtazila
10674:al-Juhani
10667:Qadariyah
10537:Kalandars
10517:Hāshwīyya
10405:Abū Shamr
10338:Zarībīyya
10335:Wāhidīyya
10326:Sūramīyya
10320:Razīnīyya
10296:Dhīmmīyya
10265:Hasan ibn
10239:Wahbiyyah
10186:Abu Qurra
10112:Muhakkima
10056:Hurufiyya
10043:Mahdiists
9958:Riyāhīyya
9939:Hārbīyya
9880:Aga Khans
9875:Assassins
9838:Sulaymani
9802:ad-Darazi
9740:Hārābātīs
9657:Qizilbash
9650:Shaykhism
9526:Jarudiyya
9437:Al-Ahbash
9418:Ash'arism
9351:Al-Albani
9331:Wahhabism
9176:Ahmadiyya
9117:Al-Khisal
9027:Al-Irshad
8982:Key books
8629:Al-Albani
8597:Wahhabism
8451:Mu'tazila
8440:Qadariyah
8318:Mu'attila
8233:Ibn Kemal
8228:Khidr Bey
8108:Hanafiyah
8043:Al-Bahūtī
8038:Ibn Ashir
8003:Ibn Arafa
7898:Ibn Furak
7893:Al-Maziri
7844:Ash'arism
7811:Cosmology
7788:Cosmology
7783:Astronomy
7755:Education
7590:Symbolism
7548:Incidents
7526:Criticism
7423:Mormonism
7325:Astrology
7251:Cosmology
7246:Astronomy
7188:Arabesque
7055:Etiquette
7014:Blasphemy
6804:Economics
6619:Ahmadiyya
6553:Mu'tazili
6541:Ash'arism
6081:Ash'arism
5979:Al-Ahbash
5915:Al-Irshad
5738:Ibn Mada'
5707:Ibn 'Aqil
5679:Ali Gomaa
5631:Al-Munawi
5583:Al-Suyuti
5523:Al-Safadi
5487:Al-Nawawi
5367:Ibn Furak
5206:Al-Hattab
5116:Ibn Malik
5080:Al-Maziri
5062:Ibn Sidah
4844:cite book
4769:Routledge
4741:170934544
4727:: 7–55 ,
4519:13 August
4292:page 62-3
4062:Ash’arism
3943:1875-9823
3761:chapter 5
3613:219026357
3597:2212-8662
3533:169898034
3499:Routledge
3427:"Ashʿarī"
3396:0003-0279
3382:: 37–62.
3281:1875-9823
3011:talk page
2976:Criticism
2717:intention
2713:free will
2705:free will
2493:Ibn Furak
2361:free will
2231:Deobandis
2226:Al-Ahbash
2204:Maturidis
2014:Al-Irshad
1768:Ibn Kiran
1581:Al-Suyuti
1294:Al-Nawawi
1170:Al-Mazari
1152:Ibn 'Aqil
1002:Ibn Furak
877:Ash'arism
811:al-Biruni
779:al-Suyuti
763:al-Nawawi
725:Muʿtazila
656:romanized
614:Ash'arism
518:Jerusalem
478:Modernism
466:Wahhabism
426:al-Wijdan
385:Ash'arism
110:talk page
47:in Arabic
11145:Tawakkul
11112:Tawassul
11074:Taṣawwuf
10996:doctrine
10844:Quranism
10638:Namiriya
10267:Muḥāmmad
10260:Murji'ah
9974:Rawendis
9897:Satpanth
9818:Musta'li
9813:Fatimids
9711:Hurufism
9698:Alawites
9603:Sects in
9595:Mahdiist
9531:Batriyya
9477:Deobandi
9428:Shafi'is
9363:Jihadism
9310:Salafism
9278:Hanbalis
9259:Atharism
9172:Malfūzāt
9110:Al-Amali
8707:Hazimism
8419:Murji'ah
8343:Jahmīyya
8331:Mu'jbira
7923:Ibn Aqil
7628:Category
7521:Islamism
7504:Muhammad
7460:Apostasy
7435:Hinduism
7335:Feminism
7266:Medicine
7106:Military
7060:Gambling
7009:Apostasy
7004:Criminal
6916:Marriage
6885:Tayammum
6837:Murabaha
6710:Madrasas
6700:Holidays
6690:Clothing
6685:Children
6680:Calendar
6631:Quranism
6585:Alawites
6549:Atharism
6440:Rashidun
6279:In Islam
6274:Muhammad
5998:Maturidi
5938:See also
5808:Al-Kamil
5699:Hanbalis
5673:Al-Bouti
5341:Shafi'is
5006:Category
4928:Archived
4915:Archived
4863:(2013).
4638:, 2007.
4632:Westport
4582:(2014).
4537:(2014).
4355:page 183
4313:page 163
4216:(2014).
3493:(eds.).
3412:12032032
3207:(2006).
3129:See also
3055:Galileos
2895:mukallid
2756:Muhammad
2700:jahannam
2680:'effects
2666:and the
2636:Oneness;
2532:muthbita
2465:and his
2439:accident
2266:Category
2236:Barelvis
2007:Al-Insaf
869:a series
867:Part of
795:al-Subki
756:Māturīdī
714:Atharism
690:mujaddid
686:reformer
651:الأشعرية
461:Salafism
430:al-Kashf
399:Atharism
266:Abu Bakr
137:a series
135:Part of
86:provide
11233:Asharis
11228:Ash'ari
11194:Shafi'i
11184:Hanbali
11150:Tewafuq
11130:Sadaqah
11091:Barelvi
11082:Ṭarīqah
10936:Qadiani
10909:beliefs
10684:Alevism
10531:Dimashq
10317:Nūnīyya
10311:Maʿīyya
10271:ibn al-
10246:Azzabas
10207:Ibadism
10195:Nukkari
10149:Azariqa
10134:Ajardi
10081:Bábīyya
9987:Sunpadh
9919:Mukhtār
9884:Nizaris
9859:Alevism
9833:Dawoodi
9823:Tayyibi
9785:Sevener
9764:Fathite
9638:Akhbari
9633:Ja'fari
9620:Twelver
9599:Shi'ite
9536:Imamate
9513:Zaydism
9464:Barelvi
9451:Hanafis
9423:Malikis
9392:Maqrizi
9341:Ibn Baz
9300:Zahiris
9062:Masnavi
8614:Ibn Baz
8428:Dimashq
8128:Shafi‘i
8058:'Illish
7793:Physics
7775:Science
7575:Nursing
7536:Qutbism
7450:Sikhism
7445:Judaism
7440:Jainism
7276:Physics
7223:Pottery
7208:Gardens
7203:Carpets
7118:Slavery
7040:Divorce
7027:Dhabiĥa
6855:Hygiene
6830:Takaful
6812:Banking
6742:Science
6736:Qurbani
6705:Mosques
6665:Animals
6654:Culture
6602:Zaydism
6590:Alevism
6476:Ottoman
6466:Almohad
6461:Fatimid
6456:Córdoba
6451:Abbasid
6446:Umayyad
6379:Leaders
6374:History
6332:Shahada
6247:Beliefs
6018:Shafi'i
5796:Saladin
5724:Zahiris
5036:Malikis
4761:(ed.).
4334:page 21
3817:12 July
3782:page 66
3317:(ed.).
3113:Ptolemy
3075:of the
3063:Newtons
3059:Keplers
3009:on the
2864:visions
2811:, from
2740:created
2557:may be
2538:Beliefs
2512:tashbih
2489:Ashʿarī
2485:Kullabi
2463:Prophet
2406:Tafweed
2369:iktisab
2341:atomism
2198:Classic
860:Founder
854:Maghreb
833:History
692:), and
679:Shāfiʿī
665:) is a
658::
552:History
321:Hanbali
316:Shafi'i
295:schools
241:Fasting
236:Charity
164:Beliefs
108:to the
90:in the
49:.
11199:Zahiri
11189:Maliki
11179:Hanafi
11155:Thawab
11135:Sunnah
11060:Other
11016:Hizmet
10980:Zikris
10951:Dönmes
10941:Lahori
10907:Muslim
10727:Rifa`i
10672:Ma'bad
10554:Tajsīm
10502:Tamsīl
10229:Ifrani
10169:Najdat
10072:Shayki
10041:Other
10009:Mazyar
9888:Khojas
9866:Nizari
9845:Hafizi
9806:Druzes
9787:
9731:Alians
9685:Ghulat
9165:Alawis
8432:Nabati
8397:Abdals
8379:Juzjan
8118:Maliki
7803:Sufism
7727:Ethics
7714:Aqidah
7706:Fields
7685:Fields
7397:
7355:poetry
7165:
7050:Ethics
7034:Dhimmi
6993:Baligh
6954:Mahram
6911:Family
6891:Toilet
6871:Miswak
6624:Lahori
6565:Salafi
6511:Seerah
6506:Tafsir
6501:Hadith
6471:Sokoto
6416:Sahaba
6291:Angels
6268:Tawhid
6225:topics
6085:Aqidah
6011:Maliki
6004:Hanafi
5974:Sufism
5969:Tawhid
5866:Mamluk
4889:
4879:
4825:
4785:
4775:
4739:
4642:
4609:4 June
4600:
4564:4 June
4555:
4351:
4330:
4309:
4288:
4243:4 June
4234:
4203:p. 281
4199:
3991:
3975:
3959:
3941:
3808:
3778:
3757:
3716:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3585:
3561:taʾwīl
3531:
3523:
3513:
3453:
3443:
3410:
3404:604336
3402:
3394:
3347:
3337:
3279:
3235:
3225:
3101:taqlid
3093:taqlid
3061:, and
2947:ḥadīth
2830:angels
2823:Dajjal
2766:ḥadīth
2761:tafsīr
2694:jannah
2669:ḥadīth
2516:ta'til
2443:colour
2427:motion
2397:taqlid
2384:Zahiri
2357:matter
2325:ṣaḥāba
2220:Modern
2169:Events
825:, and
805:, and
733:agency
721:Atharī
682:jurist
647:Arabic
513:Medina
488:Farahi
364:Jariri
357:Laythi
350:Thawri
343:Awza'i
336:Zahiri
328:Others
311:Maliki
306:Hanafi
293:Sunni
276:Uthman
231:Prayer
206:Sahaba
191:Angels
11243:Kalam
11140:Taqwa
10529:ī ad-
10527:Fāris
10181:Sufri
10004:Babak
9828:Alavi
9794:Hamza
9752:Imami
9643:Usuli
9616:Imami
9607:Islam
9591:Imami
9373:Sahwa
8436:Murjī
8430:ī an-
8381:ī al-
8372:Balkh
8096:Sunni
8093:Early
7765:Peace
7760:Logic
7732:Kalam
7693:Books
7509:Quran
7399:Other
7294:Early
7218:Music
7134:Kalam
7088:Jizya
7076:Hudud
6961:Nikah
6878:Najis
6864:Ghusl
6823:Sukuk
6752:Women
6720:Music
6695:Flags
6609:Ibadi
6536:Sunni
6496:Quran
6353:Zakat
6339:Salah
6302:Qadar
6260:Allah
6223:Islam
6093:Books
5964:Kalam
5820:Qutuz
4887:JSTOR
4737:S2CID
4723:(1),
4509:(PDF)
3609:S2CID
3529:S2CID
3400:JSTOR
3378:(1).
3313:. In
3156:Notes
2933:kalām
2882:aqida
2876:That
2868:Ibana
2848:Ibana
2844:Satan
2842:That
2819:Jesus
2788:kalām
2773:heart
2664:Quran
2520:names
2447:space
2309:Basra
2209:Sufis
928:Kalam
846:Tunis
530:Lists
508:Mecca
424:(Ahl
422:Sufis
413:Ihsan
70:DeepL
9911:Shia
8308:Rumi
7750:‘Aql
7180:Arts
7111:POWs
7045:Diet
6975:Zina
6947:Mahr
6933:Haya
6897:Wudu
6844:Riba
6757:LGBT
6649:Life
6570:Shia
6560:Sufi
6551:and
6360:Hajj
6346:Sawm
4898:2020
4877:ISBN
4853:help
4836:2022
4823:ISBN
4794:2020
4783:LCCN
4773:ISBN
4698:(10)
4640:ISBN
4611:2018
4598:ISBN
4566:2018
4553:ISBN
4521:2021
4349:ISBN
4328:ISBN
4307:ISBN
4286:ISBN
4245:2018
4232:ISBN
4197:ISBN
3989:ISBN
3973:ISBN
3957:ISBN
3939:ISSN
3819:2016
3806:ISBN
3776:ISBN
3755:ISBN
3714:ISBN
3601:LCCN
3593:ISSN
3583:ISBN
3521:LCCN
3511:ISBN
3451:OCLC
3441:ISBN
3408:LCCN
3392:ISSN
3345:LCCN
3335:ISBN
3277:ISSN
3233:LCCN
3223:ISBN
3119:and
3083:and
2878:jinn
2813:Adam
2780:Hell
2730:The
2709:kasb
2605:and
2514:and
2451:atom
2435:body
2431:rest
2416:and
2353:time
2335:and
2313:Iraq
735:and
723:and
712:and
677:, a
387:and
271:Umar
84:must
82:You
63:View
10994:'s
10227:al-
10193:al-
9185:of
9174:of
9163:of
8742:Ali
8394:Rum
8383:Kūf
8370:al-
6921:Sex
6784:Law
6670:Art
4815:doi
4729:doi
3931:doi
3575:doi
3503:doi
3384:doi
3376:109
3327:doi
3269:doi
3065:".
2723:as
2653:God
2508:God
2506:of
2459:sin
2455:God
2349:God
895:by
844:in
669:in
428:wa
299:law
297:of
281:Ali
171:God
72:or
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