92:
115:, he received the title of Prince of Hening (和寧王) and sent a mission to the Ming dynasty. Beaten by the Oirads, he sought refuge on the Ming frontier; but as soon as his strength increased, he renewed his raids. The Emperor marched against him in 1422, 1423, and 1424, but Alutai never risked a pitched battle and supported
111:, and ignored Ming demands for satisfaction regarding the murder of an envoy in the previous year. War followed, in which at first Alutai was successful, owing to the rashness of the Ming dynasty; but in the following year he was beaten and fled. In 1413, for promising help against the
128:
119:
against the Oirads. Ten years later he was surprised and slain by Oirads under Toghan (Esen's father), and his son submitted to the Ming dynasty.
171:
64:
According to the
Mongolian and Chinese chronicles, there are similar named figures among the Western and Eastern Mongols. One of them named
164:
400:
72:
princess Samur while another person, Alutai, raided the Ming districts. Whatever his origin, the Oirad leaders,
710:
157:
415:
395:
197:
88:). However, Mahamud and Arughtai defeated Ugetchi or Gulichi; and Mahamud himself died soon after that.
664:
348:
405:
267:
669:
425:
715:
430:
104:
705:
501:
506:
8:
420:
659:
352:
328:
230:
42:
511:
491:
91:
465:
24:
612:
496:
243:
557:
390:
288:
50:
32:
699:
552:
276:
259:
180:
140:
46:
149:
475:
336:
320:
54:
516:
460:
450:
435:
58:
577:
486:
470:
410:
222:
96:
85:
77:
147:(London: Arthur Probsthain, 1898), which is now in the public domain.
568:
521:
445:
302:
298:
251:
116:
108:
455:
440:
69:
68:
Arugtai was a war prisoner of the Oirats, who was released by the
381:
344:
280:
247:
217:
73:
332:
324:
316:
306:
81:
547:
340:
284:
263:
112:
65:
80:in 1399; and the former had himself enthroned as
697:
129:Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols
179:
165:
107:Bunyashiri, of the Northern Yuan dynasty at
103:In 1409 Alutai (Arughtai) set up the heir,
84:who appointed Arugtai or Alutai chingsang (
172:
158:
647:Soloi Maqasamadi Sechen Khan (1577–1652)
139:This article incorporates material from
90:
37:
698:
153:
13:
14:
727:
586:Boshugtu Khung Taiji (1608–1636)
145:A Chinese Biographical Dictionary
584:Namudai Sechen Khan (1586–1607)
582:Sengge Düüreng Khan (1583–1585)
621:Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)
617:Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
600:Buyan Baatur Taiji (1573–1576)
633:Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
1:
598:Noyandara Jinong (1543–1572)
134:
95:Map of Ming campaign against
604:Erinchen Jinong (1624–1636)
602:Boshugtu Jinong (1577–1624)
7:
451:Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha
122:
10:
732:
619:Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
391:Ukhaantu Khan Toghun-Temur
665:Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji
649:Baba Sechen Khan (1653–?)
541:
396:Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
372:
210:
188:
28:
596:Mergen Jinong (d. 1542)
670:Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji
433:Bunyashiri (1403–1412)
416:Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan
401:Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür
76:and Mahamud, overthrew
49:who fought against the
594:Barsu-Bolod (d. 1521)
502:Darayisung Gödeng Khan
194:Political organization
100:
711:Northern Yuan dynasty
651:Sechen Khan (d. 1686)
635:Chambun Khan (1670?–)
468:(Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
406:Jorightu Khan Yesüder
94:
47:Northern Yuan dynasty
428:Gulichi (1402–1408)
256:Three Western Tumens
240:Three Eastern Tumens
507:Tümen Jasaghtu Khan
660:Ubasi Khong Tayiji
101:
99:Khan and Arughtai.
41:; d. 1434), was a
693:
692:
688:
687:
684:
683:
679:
678:
535:
534:
530:
529:
512:Buyan Sechen Khan
492:Bars Bolud Jinong
366:
365:
361:
360:
202:Independent khans
723:
544:
543:
539:
538:
431:Öljei Temür Khan
375:
374:
370:
369:
213:
212:
208:
207:
191:
190:
174:
167:
160:
151:
150:
105:Öljei Temür Khan
39:
30:
19:, also known as
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:
722:
721:
720:
696:
695:
694:
689:
680:
675:
673:
668:
663:
654:
652:
650:
648:
642:
640:
639:Shara (d. 1687)
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
613:Abtai Sain Khan
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
531:
526:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
497:Bodi Alagh Khan
495:
490:
481:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
426:Örüg Temür Khan
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
311:
309:
305:
301:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
184:
178:
137:
125:
12:
11:
5:
729:
719:
718:
713:
708:
691:
690:
686:
685:
682:
681:
677:
676:
657:
655:
645:
643:
631:Subandai Khan
627:
625:
610:
608:
592:
590:
575:
572:
571:
566:
563:
560:
555:
550:
542:
536:
533:
532:
528:
527:
484:
482:
466:Markörgis Khan
421:Gün Temür Khan
388:
385:
384:
379:
373:
367:
364:
363:
359:
358:
314:
312:
296:
294:
274:
272:
268:Yunshebu Tümen
237:
234:
233:
228:
227:Notable cities
225:
220:
211:
204:
203:
200:
195:
189:
186:
185:
177:
176:
169:
162:
154:
136:
133:
132:
131:
124:
121:
51:Yongle Emperor
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
728:
717:
716:Mongol taishi
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
674:
671:
666:
662:(c.1609–1623)
661:
656:
653:
644:
641:
629:Laikhur Khan
626:
623:
614:
609:
606:
591:
588:
579:
574:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
540:
537:
525:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
480:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
441:Oyiradai Khan
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
386:
383:
380:
377:
376:
371:
368:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
310:
308:
304:
300:
295:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
270:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
215:
214:
209:
206:
205:
201:
199:
198:List of Khans
196:
193:
192:
187:
182:
181:Northern Yuan
175:
170:
168:
163:
161:
156:
155:
152:
148:
146:
142:
141:Herbert Giles
130:
127:
126:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
34:
26:
22:
18:
658:
646:
628:
615:(1567–1588)
611:
593:
580:(1521–1582)
576:
524:(1634–1635)
519:(1604–1634)
514:(1592–1604)
509:(1557–1592)
504:(1547–1557)
499:(1516–1547)
489:(1480–1516)
485:
478:(1475–1479)
476:Manduul Khan
473:(1465–1466)
463:(1453–1454)
453:(1433–1452)
448:(1425–1438)
443:(1415–1425)
438:(1411–1415)
423:(1399–1402)
418:(1394–1399)
413:(1391–1394)
408:(1388–1391)
403:(1378–1388)
398:(1370–1378)
393:(1368–1370)
389:
337:Khong Tayiji
315:
297:
289:Dörbet Oirat
275:
255:
239:
238:
144:
138:
102:
63:
55:Ming dynasty
36:
20:
16:
15:
706:1434 deaths
672:(1652–1667)
667:(1623–1652)
517:Ligdan Khan
461:Esen Taishi
436:Delbeg Khan
183:(1368–1635)
59:Four Oirats
700:Categories
578:Altan Khan
487:Dayan Khan
471:Molon Khan
411:Engke Khan
349:Councellor
223:Four Oirat
216:Six Tumen
135:References
97:Bunyashiri
86:councillor
78:Elbeg Khan
33:Wade–Giles
569:Khotogoid
522:Ejei Khan
494:(deputy)
446:Adai Khan
303:Karakorum
299:Yingchang
252:Uriankhai
117:Adai Khan
109:Beshbalik
43:chingsang
38:A-lu-t’ai
637:Zenggün
456:Agbarjin
123:See also
70:Borjigin
57:and the
17:Arughtai
562:Jasagtu
558:Tüsheet
458:(1453)
378:Unified
345:Tarkhan
281:Torghut
244:Khalkha
218:Mongols
74:Gulichi
53:of the
45:of the
25:Chinese
565:Sechen
382:Chahar
333:Jinong
329:Taishi
325:Khatun
317:Khagan
307:Hohhot
277:Choros
248:Chahar
231:Titles
113:Oirads
82:Khagan
35::
27::
21:Alutai
553:Ordos
548:Tumed
341:Noyan
285:Khoid
264:Tumed
260:Ordos
353:Wang
321:Khan
66:Asud
143:'s
29:阿魯台
702::
61:.
31:;
173:e
166:t
159:v
23:(
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