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567:, often with an arrangement to allow the bull to be fed without entering the pen. If an aggressive bull is allowed to graze outside, additional precautions may be needed to help avoid him harming people. One method is a bull mask, which either covers the bull's eyes completely, or restricts his vision to the ground immediately in front of him, so he cannot see his potential victim. Another method is to attach a length of chain to the bull's nose-ring, so that if he ducks his head to charge, he steps on the chain and is brought up short. Alternatively, the bull may be
426:
468:
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354:, and one simple test of fertility is to measure the circumference of the scrotum; a young bull is likely to be fertile once this reaches 28 centimetres (11 in); that of a fully adult bull may be over 40 centimetres (16 in). Bulls have a fibroelastic penis. Given the small amount of erectile tissue, little enlargement occurs after erection. The penis is quite rigid when not erect, and becomes even more rigid during erection. Protrusion is not affected much by erection, but more by relaxation of the
52:
454:
farmers in some parts of the United States. The need to move a bull in and out of its pen to cover cows exposes the handler to serious jeopardy of life and limb. Being trampled, jammed against a wall, or gored by a bull was one of the most frequent causes of death in the dairy industry before 1940. With regard to such risks, one popular farming magazine has suggested, "Handle the bull with a staff and take no chances. The gentle bull, not the vicious one, most often kills or maims his keeper".
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Frame score is a useful way of describing the skeletal size of bulls and other cattle. Frame scores can be used as an aid to predict mature cattle sizes and aid in the selection of beef bulls. They are calculated from hip height and age. In sales catalogues, this measurement is frequently reported in
615:
run bulls with cows, and most dairy or beef farms traditionally had at least one, if not several, bulls for purposes of herd maintenance. However, the problems associated with handling a bull (particularly where cows must be removed from his presence to be worked) has prompted many dairy farmers to
453:
An estimated 42% of all livestock-related fatalities in Canada are a result of bull attacks, and fewer than one in 20 victims of a bull attack survives. Dairy breed bulls are particularly dangerous and unpredictable; the hazards of bull handling are a significant cause of injury and death for dairy
262:
generally shorter on the body, but the neck and head often have a "mane" of curlier, wooly hair. Bulls are usually about the same height as cows or a little taller, but because of the additional muscle and bone mass, they often weigh far more. Most of the time, a bull has a hump on his shoulders.
269:
of bulls tend to be thicker and somewhat shorter than those of cows, and in many breeds, they curve outwards in a flat arc rather than upwards in a lyre shape. It is not true, as is commonly believed, that bulls have horns and cows do not: the presence of horns depends on the breed, or in horned
261:
Bulls are much more muscular than cows, with thicker bones, larger feet, a very muscular neck, and a large, bony head with protective ridges over the eyes. These features assist bulls in fighting for domination over a herd, giving the winner superior access to cows for reproduction. The hair is
582:
or tractor, the vehicle itself providing some protection for the humans involved. Generally, bulls kept with cows tend to be less aggressive than those kept alone. In herd situations, cows with young calves are often more dangerous to humans. In the off season, multiple bulls may be kept
149:, this last term refers to a young bull. Use of these terms varies considerably with area and dialect. Colloquially, people unfamiliar with cattle may also refer to steers and heifers as "cows", and bovines of aggressive or long-horned breeds as "bulls" regardless of sex.
404:
as calves to reduce aggressive behavior and prevent unwanted mating, although some are reared as uncastrated bull beef. A bull is typically ready for slaughter one or two months sooner than a castrated male or a female, and produces proportionately more and leaner muscle.
1671:, The Writer's Club Press, New York (1984–87), at pp. 79-80. A humorous description of moving a cow to a neighbor's Jersey bull for breeding purposes, and the use of a 12-foot bull staff to get the loose-running bull under control after he had already spotted the cow
560:, or for more difficult bulls, a bull pole (or bull staff) may be used. This is a rigid pole about 1 m (3 ft) long with a clip at one end; this attaches to the ring and allows the bull both to be led and to be held away from his handler.
628:
of bloodlines. Some ranchers prefer to use AI to allow them to breed to several different bulls in a season or to breed their best stock to a higher-quality bull than they could afford to purchase outright. AI may also be used in conjunction with
399:
Other than the few bulls needed for breeding, the vast majority of male cattle are castrated and slaughtered for meat before the age of three years, except where they are needed (castrated) as work oxen for haulage. Most of these beef animals are
1693:
U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Yearbook 1922, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. (1922), pp. 325-28 (noting a national on-farm bull population of over 600,000 "scrub" bulls in addition to a multiyear supply of "pure bred"
285:
Castrated male cattle are physically similar to females in build and horn shape, although if allowed to reach maturity, they may be considerably taller than either bulls or cows, with heavily muscled shoulders and necks.
624:, where it is kept until it can be sold, at which time it can be very profitable; in fact, many ranchers keep bulls specifically for this purpose. AI is also used to improve the quality of a herd, or to introduce an
433:
Adult bulls may weigh between 500 and 1,000 kg (1,100 and 2,200 lb). Most are capable of aggressive behavior and require careful handling to ensure the safety of humans and other animals. Those of
1656:
On
February 28, 2010, a farmer near Reading, Pennsylvania was trampled and gored to death by a 2000-lb black Angus bull that he had been urged to get rid of by friends after earlier mishaps.
901:
O.C. Gregg, Ed., Minnesota Farmer's
Institute Annual No. 15, Pioneer Press, St. Paul, Minn. (1902), at p. 125; The James Way, The James Manufacturing Co., Ft. Atkinson, Wisc. (1914), p. 103.
1703:
O.C. Gregg, Ed., Minnesota Farmer's
Institute Annual No. 15, Pioneer Press, St. Paul, Minn. (1902), pp.129-32 (recommending the keeping and testing of sires for dairy herd improvement).
552:
in bulls' noses to help control them is traditional. The ring is usually made of copper, and is inserted through a small hole cut in the septum of the nose. It is used by attaching a
362:. Bulls are occasionally affected by a condition known as "corkscrew penis". The penis of a mature bull is about 3–4 cm in diameter, and 80–100 cm in length. The bull's
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A common misconception widely repeated in depictions of bull behavior is that the color red angers bulls, inciting them to charge. In fact, like most mammals, cattle are
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17:
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1067:"A P Carter, P D P Wood and Penelope A Wright (1980), Association between scrotal circumference, live weight and sperm output in cattle,
836:, a group of human runners called "mozos" try to outrace a group of bulls running behind them, while large crowds watch the entire race.
1754:
1632:
A farmer in
Southampton County, Michigan, was killed by a 2000-lb Holstein bull in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in February 2008.
1527:
1103:
1078:
1044:
1759:, Agricultural Engineering Branch, Agricultural Support Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations"
83:). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol
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have held a place of significance in human culture since before the beginning of recorded history. They appear in
1727:"John C Barret (1991), "The Economic Role of Cattle in Communal Farming Systems in Zimbabwe", to be published in
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In larger pastures, particularly where a bull is kept with other cattle, the animals may simply be fed from a
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Bulls become fertile around seven months of age. Their fertility is closely related to the size of their
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752:, dating as far back as 2150 BC. The importance of the bull is reflected in its appearance in the
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During the last 10 years, 12 farmers in
Minnesota were mauled and gored to death by dairy bulls
1207:
Modern
Livestock and Poultry Production – James R. Gillespie, Frank B. Flanders – Google Boeken
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and related animals are also noted for aggressive tendencies, which are further encouraged by
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An aggressive bull may be kept confined in a bull pen, a robustly constructed shelter and
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Functional
Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals – William O. Reece – Google Boeken
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Aside from their reproductive duties, bulls are also used in certain sports, including
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only the males have horns.) Cattle that naturally do not have horns are referred to as
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981:"How to determine if cattle are bulls, steers, cows or heifers - Farm and Dairy"
51:
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743:
266:
156:
in
Australia. Improper or late castration on a bull results in him becoming a
910:
Delbridge, A, et al., Macquarie
Dictionary, The Book Printer, Australia, 1991.
1885:
1268:
Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior: An Introductory Text
844:
739:
620:(AI) of the cows. Semen is removed from the bulls and stored in canisters of
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addition to weight and other performance data such as estimated breed value.
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692:. They are also incorporated into festivals and folk events such as the
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DescĂ´teaux, Luc; Colloton, Jill; Gnemmi, Giovanni (September 24, 2009).
417:
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295:
172:. In some countries, an incompletely castrated male is known also as a
128:
1630:
Cumberland County (Pa.) Sentinel, Shippensburg, Pa., February 12, 2008
700:. Though less common than castrated males, bulls are used as draught
1397:
Clinical Examination of Farm Animals – Peter Jackson, Peter Cockcroft
810:
87:, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in
68:
1295:
Practical Atlas of Ruminant and Camelid Reproductive Ultrasonography
1326:
Scott, Phillip; Penny, Colin D.; MacRae, Alastair (July 15, 2011).
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Cattle Medicine – Philip R. Scott, Colin D. Penny, Alastair Macrae
109:
Due to their temperament, handling of bulls requires precautions.
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1684:, Webb Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minnesota, March 12, 1927, p. 6.
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on the arms of several British families. Winged bulls appear as
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776:, usually depicted seated, is worshipped as the vehicle of the
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753:
654:
557:
541:
165:
98:, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including
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to allow cattle producers to add new breeding to their herds.
1644:"Bull attacks, kills owner at South Heidelberg Township farm"
1431:
Heide Schatten; Gheorghe M. Constantinescu (March 21, 2008).
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are somewhat less aggressive, though beef breeds such as the
386:'s cape, and not the color, provokes a reaction in the bull.
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197:, as well as many other species of large animals, including
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features a bull in its branding, mascot, and merchandise.
1363:
Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals – Mark McEntee
1204:
Gillespie, James R.; Flanders, Frank (January 28, 2009).
840:
777:
222:
124:
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764:, where it is often associated with fertility. See also
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As with other animals, some bulls have been regarded as
575:
to a solid object such as a ring fixed into the ground.
701:
30:
This article is about male cattle. For other uses, see
1822:
https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft
1790:"The Unusual Pet That Upset Charo's Neighbors (Video)"
1534:. Department of Primary Industries. September 13, 2007
1594:"Larry D. Jacobson, Extension Agricultural Engineer,
832:
celebration occurs every year in summer. During this
1598:, University of Minnesota Extension Services (1989)"
1238:
Fubini, Susan L; Ducharme, Norm (January 15, 2004).
1394:Jackson, Peter; Cockcroft, Peter (April 15, 2008).
742:estimated to be up to 17,000 years old. The mythic
727:, for instance, has owned a pet bull named Manolo.
556:either directly to it or running through it from a
783:and depicted on many of the images of that deity.
1203:
1883:
1393:
1325:
730:
489:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
185:The word "bull" also denotes the males of other
1043:TIM TRAINOR Montana Standard (April 28, 2010).
923:(Weldon Russell Publishing, Willoughby, 1989),
897:
895:
821:by both amateur and professional sports teams.
274:. (It is true, however, that in many breeds of
1237:
1106:Testicle Size – A Fertility Indicator in Bulls
1820:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 205-207,
1641:
1517:, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, June 2007.
892:
127:, while a male of the species that has been
1835:"Pamplona Bull Run | RunningoftheBulls.com"
972:
797:Symbolically, the bull appears commonly in
636:
412:
152:A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a
1508:
1506:
824:Bulls also have a special significance in
704:in some areas. The once-popular sport of
586:
943:. Spiritwoodstockyards.ca. Archived from
817:. In modern times, the bull is used as a
520:Learn how and when to remove this message
1787:
941:"Sure Ways to Lose Money on Your Cattle"
785:
696:and were seen in ancient sports such as
659:
640:
590:
531:
429:A warning sign for a bull-occupied field
424:
421:A bull paws up dust in a threat display.
416:
248:
50:
38:
1604:. www.extension.umn.edu. Archived from
1503:
1359:
438:may be more prone to aggression, while
289:
14:
1884:
1807:
1483:
1142:
1136:
270:breeds on whether the horns have been
123:The female counterpart to a bull is a
1264:
1169:
978:
746:plays a role in the ancient Sumerian
1011:
913:
461:
1602:University of Minnesota - Extension
1170:Reece, William O. (March 4, 2009).
1108:, Australian Government Agnote K44"
1006:Bovine Anatomy: An Illustrated Text
790:A bull head in the coat of arms of
366:has a rounded and elongated shape.
24:
1680:Helpful Information for Dairymen,
1596:Safe Work Practices on Dairy Farms
760:, and its numerous appearances in
394:
244:
25:
1918:
1851:
1757:Draught Animal Power, an Overview
1459:"Longhorn_Information – handling"
1360:McEntee, Mark (August 28, 1990).
1069:Journal of Reproductive Fertility
571:, or chained by his ring or by a
369:
18:Artificial insemination of cattle
1869:
1857:
1788:Capretto, Lisa (June 10, 2014).
1434:Comparative Reproductive Biology
1115:Northern Territory of Australian
857:
712:), was banned in England by the
466:
332:
323:
314:
305:
1827:
1781:
1747:
1719:
1714:Principles of Cattle Production
1706:
1697:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1642:Michelle Park (March 1, 2010).
1635:
1623:
1586:
1565:Canadian Farming Administration
1556:Handling Livestock Successfully
1546:
1520:
1477:
1451:
1387:
1353:
1319:
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1096:
1059:
967:Principles of Cattle Production
583:together in a "bachelor herd".
112:
1648:The Reading Pennsylvania Eagle
1528:"Frame scoring of beef cattle"
1514:Castration of Calves Factsheet
1149:. Discovery Publishing House.
1036:
998:
979:Woods, Katie (July 30, 2015).
959:
933:
904:
815:Worshipful Company of Butchers
13:
1:
886:
731:Significance in human culture
389:
1818:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
1244:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1004:Klaus-Dieter Budras, et al,
7:
1729:Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal
1146:Sexual Behaviour In Animals
869:
714:Cruelty to Animals Act 1835
649:bull in a cave painting in
457:
10:
1923:
1532:New South Wales Government
1486:"Do Bulls Hate Red Color?"
850:
600:
293:
116:
29:
1437:. John Wiley & Sons.
1298:. John Wiley & Sons.
1176:. John Wiley & Sons.
358:and straightening of the
1669:We Gotta Have More Jails
1484:Ashwin (June 17, 2015).
1265:Price, Edward O (2008).
1117:. Agnote. Archived from
1104:"G Jayawardhana (2006),
1045:"Example of large steer"
921:Frontier Country, Vol. 1
637:Relationship with humans
475:This section includes a
413:Temperament and handling
67:is an intact (i.e., not
864:A bull currently eating
618:artificial insemination
616:restrict themselves to
587:Artificial insemination
548:In many areas, placing
504:more precise citations.
1862:Quotations related to
1567:. 2000. Archived from
1461:. ITLA. Archived from
794:
681:
657:
598:
545:
430:
422:
382:, the movement of the
356:retractor penis muscle
265:In horned cattle, the
258:
60:
48:
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444:Spanish Fighting Bull
428:
420:
376:red–green color blind
252:
54:
42:
32:Bull (disambiguation)
1878:at Wikimedia Commons
1654:on August 26, 2018.
1210:. Cengage Learning.
919:Sheena Coupe (ed.),
830:Running of the Bulls
694:Running of the Bulls
343:Genitourinary system
290:Reproductive anatomy
119:List of animal names
1712:C. J. C. Phillips,
1241:Farm Animal Surgery
1143:Sarkar, A. (2003).
1023:The Free Dictionary
965:C. J. C. Phillips,
947:on January 16, 2014
813:in the arms of the
801:. Bulls appears as
603:Frozen bovine semen
1667:Alvin H. Clement,
876:Cow-calf operation
795:
682:
658:
599:
546:
477:list of references
448:selective breeding
431:
423:
259:
207:seals and walruses
160:, also known as a
61:
49:
1874:Media related to
1814:Arthur Fox-Davies
1574:on March 12, 2016
1444:978-0-470-39025-2
1278:978-1-78064-055-6
1217:978-1-4283-1808-3
1183:978-0-8138-1451-3
1156:978-81-7141-746-9
749:Epic of Gilgamesh
530:
529:
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255:Scottish Highland
85:in many religions
45:Holstein Friesian
27:Adult male cattle
16:(Redirected from
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826:Spanish culture
772:, a bull named
744:Bull of Heavens
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664:A bull used in
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1866:at Wikiquote
1840:November 13,
1838:. Retrieved
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1767:the original
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1453:
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1362:
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1038:
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988:. Retrieved
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935:
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796:
747:
736:Sacred bulls
734:
718:
706:bull-baiting
698:bull-leaping
686:bullfighting
683:
670:Coat of arms
607:Many cattle
606:
596:Bullfighting
580:pickup truck
577:
562:
547:
516:
507:
496:Please help
488:
452:
436:dairy breeds
432:
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380:bullfighting
373:
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189:, including
184:
177:
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161:
158:coarse steer
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132:
122:
113:Nomenclature
108:
100:bullfighting
76:
64:
62:
36:
1799:January 10,
1773:January 10,
1612:January 10,
1578:January 10,
1538:January 10,
1490:Science ABC
1223:December 2,
1189:December 2,
1128:January 10,
881:Bull market
690:bull-riding
674:Mecklenburg
558:head collar
502:introducing
440:beef breeds
364:glans penis
345:of the bull
170:New Zealand
104:bull riding
1886:Categories
1763:Fiat Panis
1682:The Farmer
887:References
811:supporters
601:See also:
390:Management
294:See also:
117:See also:
77:Bos taurus
1902:Livestock
1739:August 6,
1469:March 28,
1088:August 6,
1051:August 6,
951:August 6,
843:team the
762:mythology
554:lead rope
538:nose ring
402:castrated
352:testicles
272:disbudded
239:antelopes
199:elephants
129:castrated
69:castrated
57:Charolais
1495:June 26,
1413:June 30,
1379:June 30,
1345:June 30,
1311:June 22,
870:See also
839:Popular
834:festival
799:heraldry
792:Joroinen
770:Hinduism
710:bulldogs
676:region,
666:heraldry
626:outcross
613:stations
458:Handling
235:dolphins
219:giraffes
179:ridgling
92:ranching
71:) adult
1731:, p 10"
1019:"Muley"
851:Gallery
803:charges
678:Germany
651:Lascaux
647:aurochs
609:ranches
569:hobbled
542:tethers
498:improve
384:matador
296:Anatomy
187:bovines
143:bullock
1897:Cattle
1694:bulls)
1441:
1404:
1370:
1336:
1302:
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1248:
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1180:
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927:
819:mascot
807:crests
766:Korban
758:Taurus
754:zodiac
655:France
573:collar
280:polled
237:, and
231:whales
215:camels
211:hippos
203:rhinos
168:, and
166:Canada
81:cattle
1892:Bulls
1876:Bulls
1734:(PDF)
1572:(PDF)
1561:(PDF)
1122:(PDF)
1111:(PDF)
1082:(PDF)
781:Shiva
774:Nandi
768:. In
725:Charo
550:rings
540:that
483:, or
378:. In
276:sheep
267:horns
227:moose
191:bison
154:micky
141:, or
133:steer
131:is a
1864:Bull
1842:2020
1801:2018
1775:2018
1741:2012
1614:2018
1580:2018
1540:2018
1497:2022
1471:2010
1439:ISBN
1415:2013
1402:ISBN
1381:2013
1368:ISBN
1347:2013
1334:ISBN
1313:2013
1300:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1225:2012
1212:ISBN
1191:2012
1178:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1130:2018
1090:2012
1053:2012
1030:2017
992:2017
953:2012
925:ISBN
805:and
721:pets
702:oxen
688:and
611:and
257:bull
193:and
162:stag
102:and
89:beef
73:male
65:bull
59:bull
47:bull
841:NBA
778:god
756:as
672:of
645:An
565:pen
223:elk
176:or
174:rig
125:cow
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