339:
47:
510:
forward-looking visionary, and as displaying arrogance and ignorance and being zealously committed to secrecy. The conservative forces in the military and coalition parties in
Australia often regarded him as a man bent on destroying the sensible and time-honoured traditions of the individual services, whilst the
419:
was needed. To this end he spent the bulk of his time as
Secretary of the Department of Defence (1970 to his retirement in 1979) working towards the merging of the departments of the Army, Navy, Air, Supply and Defence into one. He advocated a wider view of defence policy than the civilian members of
509:
Neither of these reforms was easy and they were both accompanied by enormous resistance and press clamour. Tradition within the old service departments led to fights over these issues in the press, the ministries and the parliament in the 1970s. Tange's role in the changes saw him regarded as both a
285:
A considerable intellect, he was one of the most influential people in the government of
Australia for nearly 30 years, earning him respect and disdain in equal measure. He was best known for his controversial role in reforming the organisation of the administration of the Australian
791:
394:
At that time the
Department of Defence was of relatively little consequence in the Commonwealth government; each service (Navy, Army and Air Force) had its own separate department with its own minister. Further, the Ministry of Supply, responsible for
386:
In 1970, he returned to
Australia to become Secretary of the Department of Defence – the most senior public servant therein, and effective executive head of the civilian side of the Department of Defence, reporting to the Minister, then
797:
423:
His work culminated in a 1973 report, formally titled "Australian
Defence: Report on the Reorganisation of the Defence Group of Departments", but widely known in the press and in government circles as "
399:, was also a separate portfolio with yet another minister. The respective services and departments were in competition, each group jealously guarding its own budget and powers against the others.
473:
To this end he was instrumental in the decision to set up a primary tri-service college for the joint training, academic and military, of all officer recruits in the services, known as the
374:
to departmental secretary in the
Department of External Affairs (forerunner to the modern Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) from 1954 to 1965, he then took up the position of
1037:
726:
1067:
518:
saw him as a prime example of the old public service 'mandarin' who told his ministers what to do and pursued a conservative agenda no matter who was in government at the time.
314:. Anton Tange & Sons became a major Sydney trading house, mainly in the tea trade. However, lack of business acumen in the following generation and the circumstances of the
1057:
684:
470:
Another aspect of Tange's work was a desire that the three services should work together in the
Defence of Australia at all levels, rather than as feuding tribes.
489:, to enable them to eventually make the wider contributions to defence policy that Tange felt was lacking in the senior uniformed officers of his generation. The
625:
747:
291:
424:
1047:
819:
1062:
367:
989:
351:
107:
1042:
545:(ANU), established an ongoing PhD scholarship in honour of Tange. The first of these scholarships was awarded in 2003, and another in 2007.
926:
295:
274:
153:
36:
777:
644:
1052:
1032:
732:
705:
892:
455:
878:
857:
458:(CDF) and the civilian Secretary of the Department of Defence (SECDEF), in a unique (in Australia) arrangement known as "the
415:, integrating strictly military matters, supply and material acquisition, intelligence, defence-related economic affairs and
1027:
538:
690:
568:
267:
29:
338:
957:
656:
462:", with overall defence policy being developed and enacted co-operatively between the uniformed and civilian staffs.
439:
287:
65:
490:
474:
451:
443:
323:
629:
753:
542:
478:
946:
434:
government, the proposed changes were enacted and since then the uniformed services have been known as the
88:
825:
447:
412:
843:
553:
435:
999:
416:
408:
363:
142:
953:
922:
431:
149:
61:
771:
601:
477:. A further motive for developing the academy (which is an affiliated academic college of the
662:
1022:
1017:
915:
556:, was published in 2006. Edwards has also edited and published Tange's personal memoirs in
486:
176:
8:
711:
319:
896:
511:
396:
371:
290:
in the 1970s. He is also less well known for having laid the foundations of the modern
874:
853:
824:, Parliament House, Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, archived from
652:
375:
796:, ACT Government Environment and Sustainable Development Directorate, archived from
815:
498:
497:, and most military officers since then have received their tertiary education and
315:
847:
515:
982:
967:
936:
188:
130:
100:
1011:
868:
767:
649:
Working Paper No. 59: Reform of the
Defence Management Paradigm: A Fresh View
587:
428:
343:
279:
835:
Sir John Kerr conferring
Companion of Order of Australia on Sir Arthur Tange
46:
359:
327:
873:. Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 169. Canberra: ANU E-Press.
530:. His wife of 60 years, Marjorie, died two months later after a series of
888:
388:
347:
420:
the Defence department and the uniformed members of the armed services.
833:
482:
481:) was to equip the future leaders of the defence forces with a broader
645:"The Historical Background to Higher Defence Management in Australia"
527:
870:
Defence Policy-Making: A Close-Up View, 1950–1980. A Personal Memoir
728:
Arthur Tange, the CIA and the Dismissal: a response to Peter Edwards
564:
494:
366:
1931–42. He was a member of the small Australian contingent at the
226:
459:
278:(18 August 1914 – 10 May 2001) was a prominent Australian senior
209:
531:
311:
307:
821:
Speech at the memorial service for the late Sir Arthur Tange
537:
In 2002, the Department of Defence, in conjunction with the
526:
Tange retired in 1979 and lived until 2001, when he died of
1038:
Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
752:, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, archived from
731:, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, archived from
710:, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, archived from
689:, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, archived from
686:
The Canberra officer (3): the promised land of jointery
628:. Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Archived from
411:, Tange felt that a co-ordinated administration of the
318:
greatly diminished the family fortune. Arthur attended
1068:
Deaths from cancer in the Australian Capital Territory
807:
310:; his grandfather Anton Tange emigrated in 1854 from
1058:
Secretaries of the Australian Department of Defence
381:
571:was named Arthur Tange Street in Tange's honour.
558:Defence Policy-Making: A Close-up View, 1950–1980
333:
1009:
838:, National Library of Australia, 31 August 1977
867:Tange, Arthur (2008). Edwards, Peter (ed.).
626:"Dennis Richardson and Arthur Tange: part I"
407:With his career background in diplomacy and
402:
749:Dennis Richardson and Arthur Tange: part II
465:
548:The first independent biography of Tange,
45:
1048:High commissioners of Australia to India
521:
337:
1063:20th-century Australian public servants
842:
703:
603:CP 229: Sir Arthur Harold TANGE AC, CBE
358:Tange joined the public service during
292:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
166:25 January 1954 – 4 April 1965
1010:
887:
814:
745:
724:
682:
623:
454:are now advised by both the uniformed
78:2 March 1970 – 16 August 1979
990:Australian High Commissioner to India
866:
784:
780:from the original on 10 November 2013
651:, Australian Defence Studies Centre,
642:
352:Australian High Commissioner to India
108:Australian High Commissioner to India
1043:Companions of the Order of Australia
773:Tange, Sir Arthur Harold (1914–2001)
539:Strategic and Defence Studies Centre
282:of the middle to late 20th century.
849:Arthur Tange: Last of the Mandarins
550:Arthur Tange: Last of the Mandarins
370:in 1944. Having rapidly risen from
362:, having previously worked for the
13:
808:Further reading and external links
766:
594:
14:
1079:
1053:Ambassadors of Australia to Nepal
1033:Deaths from leukemia in Australia
725:Toohey, Brian (18 January 2016),
704:Edwards, Peter (18 August 2014),
746:Dobell, Graeme (24 April 2013),
683:Dobell, Graeme (14 April 2014),
624:Dobell, Graeme (22 April 2013).
606:, National Archives of Australia
514:in the universities, unions and
501:in its tri-service environment.
491:Australian Defence Force Academy
475:Australian Defence Force Academy
438:(ADF), the civilian arms as the
382:Secretary, Department of Defence
895:(Press release). Archived from
444:Australian Defence Organisation
324:University of Western Australia
294:(DFAT) in his time at the then
927:Department of External Affairs
760:
739:
718:
697:
676:
636:
617:
580:
543:Australian National University
493:(ADFA) was opened in 1983, in
334:Department of External Affairs
296:Department of External Affairs
229:, Australian Capital Territory
154:Department of External Affairs
1:
574:
504:
479:University of New South Wales
301:
378:to India from 1965 to 1969.
350:in 1968, with Arthur Tange,
7:
1028:Australian Knights Bachelor
427:". With the support of the
10:
1084:
485:perspective, as well as a
456:Chief of the Defence Force
996:
987:
979:
974:
964:
951:
943:
933:
920:
912:
907:
893:"Sir Arthur Tange AC CBE"
563:In 2009, a street in the
403:Rationalising departments
257:
249:
241:
233:
216:
203:
198:
194:
182:
170:
159:
148:
136:
124:
113:
106:
94:
82:
71:
60:
56:
44:
23:
16:Australian public servant
643:James, Neil (May 2000),
466:Tri-service co-operation
436:Australian Defence Force
368:Bretton Woods Conference
499:basic military training
442:, and the whole as the
417:international relations
364:Bank of New South Wales
330:for Western Australia.
264:Sir Arthur Harold Tange
355:
342:Indian Prime Minister
958:Department of Defence
852:. Allen & Unwin.
522:Retirement and legacy
440:Department of Defence
409:international affairs
341:
288:Department of Defence
66:Department of Defence
707:Sir Arthur turns 100
560:, released in 2008.
452:Minister for Defence
413:Defence of Australia
354:, in the background.
306:Arthur Tange was of
908:Government offices
800:on 27 February 2014
793:Arthur Tange Street
487:technical education
346:holding a koala at
320:Gosford High School
983:Sir James Plimsoll
937:Sir James Plimsoll
665:on 13 January 2004
397:military logistics
372:research assistant
356:
189:Sir James Plimsoll
131:Sir James Plimsoll
51:Arthur Tange, 1965
1006:
1005:
997:Succeeded by
975:Diplomatic posts
965:Succeeded by
934:Succeeded by
880:978-1-921313-86-8
859:978-1-74114-642-4
816:Downer, Alexander
632:on 12 March 2016.
376:High Commissioner
261:
260:
212:, New South Wales
1075:
1000:Sir Patrick Shaw
980:Preceded by
944:Preceded by
913:Preceded by
905:
904:
900:
884:
863:
839:
829:
802:
801:
788:
782:
781:
764:
758:
757:
756:on 26 April 2015
743:
737:
736:
735:on 31 March 2016
722:
716:
715:
714:on 12 March 2016
701:
695:
694:
680:
674:
673:
672:
670:
661:, archived from
640:
634:
633:
621:
615:
614:
613:
611:
598:
592:
591:
584:
425:the Tange Report
322:, and later the
277:
272:
223:
199:Personal details
185:
173:
164:
143:Sir Patrick Shaw
139:
127:
118:
97:
85:
76:
49:
39:
34:
25:Sir Arthur Tange
21:
20:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1008:
1007:
1002:
993:
985:
970:
961:
949:
947:Sir Henry Bland
939:
930:
918:
903:
891:(10 May 2001).
881:
860:
832:
828:on 20 June 2001
818:(24 May 2001),
810:
805:
790:
789:
785:
765:
761:
744:
740:
723:
719:
702:
698:
693:on 3 April 2015
681:
677:
668:
666:
659:
641:
637:
622:
618:
609:
607:
600:
599:
595:
586:
585:
581:
577:
524:
516:labour movement
507:
468:
405:
384:
336:
304:
270:
266:
225:
221:
208:
183:
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165:
160:
137:
125:
119:
114:
95:
89:Sir Henry Bland
83:
77:
72:
52:
40:
32:
28:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1081:
1071:
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1025:
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1004:
1003:
998:
995:
986:
981:
977:
976:
972:
971:
968:Bill Pritchett
966:
963:
950:
945:
941:
940:
935:
932:
919:
914:
910:
909:
902:
901:
899:on 8 May 2014.
885:
879:
864:
858:
844:Edwards, Peter
840:
830:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:
783:
768:Garran, Robert
759:
738:
717:
696:
675:
657:
635:
616:
593:
578:
576:
573:
541:(SDSC) at the
523:
520:
512:political left
506:
503:
467:
464:
448:Prime Minister
404:
401:
383:
380:
335:
332:
308:Danish descent
303:
300:
280:public servant
259:
258:
255:
254:
253:Public servant
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
224:(aged 86)
218:
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207:18 August 1914
205:
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101:Bill Pritchett
98:
92:
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86:
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69:
68:
58:
57:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1080:
1069:
1066:
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1021:
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1001:
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991:
984:
978:
973:
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955:
948:
942:
938:
929:
928:
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917:
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906:
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865:
861:
855:
851:
850:
845:
841:
837:
836:
831:
827:
823:
822:
817:
813:
812:
799:
795:
794:
787:
779:
775:
774:
769:
763:
755:
751:
750:
742:
734:
730:
729:
721:
713:
709:
708:
700:
692:
688:
687:
679:
664:
660:
658:0-7317-0441-X
654:
650:
646:
639:
631:
627:
620:
605:
604:
597:
589:
588:"Tange (New)"
583:
579:
572:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
554:Peter Edwards
551:
546:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
519:
517:
513:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
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463:
461:
457:
453:
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430:
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418:
414:
410:
400:
398:
392:
390:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
349:
345:
344:Indira Gandhi
340:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
283:
281:
276:
269:
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206:
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151:
147:
144:
141:
135:
132:
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117:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
93:
90:
87:
81:
75:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
31:
22:
19:
988:
952:
921:
897:the original
889:Howard, John
869:
848:
834:
826:the original
820:
798:the original
792:
786:
772:
762:
754:the original
748:
741:
733:the original
727:
720:
712:the original
706:
699:
691:the original
685:
678:
667:, retrieved
663:the original
648:
638:
630:the original
619:
610:12 September
608:, retrieved
602:
596:
582:
562:
557:
549:
547:
536:
525:
508:
472:
469:
422:
406:
393:
385:
360:World War II
357:
326:. He played
305:
284:
263:
262:
222:(2001-05-10)
184:Succeeded by
161:
138:Succeeded by
115:
96:Succeeded by
73:
18:
1023:2001 deaths
1018:1914 births
446:(ADO). The
389:John Gorton
348:Taronga Zoo
234:Nationality
220:10 May 2001
172:Preceded by
126:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
1012:Categories
994:1965–1969
962:1970–1979
931:1954–1965
575:References
567:suburb of
505:Reputation
483:humanistic
316:Depression
302:Early life
250:Occupation
237:Australian
954:Secretary
923:Secretary
916:Alan Watt
528:leukaemia
177:Alan Watt
162:In office
150:Secretary
120:1965–1969
116:In office
74:In office
62:Secretary
846:(2006).
778:archived
669:15 March
565:Canberra
495:Canberra
245:Marjorie
227:Canberra
956:of the
925:of the
532:strokes
460:diarchy
429:Whitlam
210:Gosford
152:of the
64:of the
877:
856:
655:
312:Odense
242:Spouse
569:Casey
432:Labor
328:rugby
273:
271:,
35:
33:,
875:ISBN
854:ISBN
671:2017
653:ISBN
612:2014
450:and
217:Died
204:Born
552:by
391:.
275:CBE
37:CBE
1014::
776:,
770:,
647:,
534:.
298:.
268:AC
30:AC
883:.
862:.
590:.
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