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chores, is unsuited to the formation of a proper combat army. Emperor Paul understood that the organization of military accommodations has its own task not only to provide a soldier with a house, but also to adapt him to the purpose and conditions of life of the soldier. Only a barracks cohabitation, concentrated in more or less significant masses, seemed to Paul the only purposeful approach for the development and maintenance of the military spirit and discipline, for the study of the soldier's personality and qualities, for the convenience of training and military exercises. Barrack is not only the home of a soldier, but also the school where he is brought up. This idea was fully grasped by Paul, and the construction of barracks for the army everywhere became his main objective, to the achievement of which he put all his strength, all his energy.
373:
396:
692:). Most of them are regimental barracks, constituting the fixed component of the Army system of forces and being responsible for the training, sustenance and general support to the Army. In addition to the regimental administrative, logistic and training bodies, each barracks can lodge one or more operational units (operational battalions, independent companies or equivalent units). Although there are housing blocks within the perimeter of some regimental barracks, the Portuguese usual practice is for the members of the Armed Forces to live outside the military bases with their families, inserted in the local civilian communities.
110:
189:
381:
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294:
361:
177:
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302:
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following a standardized architectural model, usually with an area of between 100,000 and 200,000 square metres, including a headquarters building, a guard house, a general mess building, an infirmary building, a workshop and garage building, an officer house building, a sergeant house building, three to ten rank and file caserns, fire ranges and sports facilities. In average each CANIFA type barracks was intended to lodge around 1000 soldiers and their respective armament, vehicles and other equipment.
240:
36:
263:
408:
224:
274:
205:
490:. During the 18th century, the increasing sophistication of military life led to separate housing for different ranks (officers always had larger rooms) and married quarters; as well as the provision of specialized buildings such as dining rooms and cook houses, bath houses, mess rooms, schools, hospitals, armories, gymnasia, riding schools and stables. The
344:
555:
In many military forces, both NCO and SNCO personnel will frequently be housed in barracks for service or training. Officers are often charged with ensuring the barracks and personnel are maintained in an orderly fashion. Junior enlisted and sometimes junior NCOs will often receive less space and may
1034:
After training, unmarried junior enlisted members will typically reside in barracks. During unaccompanied, dependent-restricted assignments, non-commissioned and commissioned officer ranks may also be required to live in barracks. Amenities in these barracks increase with the rank of the occupant.
1013:
have been converted to serve as Army barracks, in place of some of the more cramped urban sites. Today, generally, only single and unmarried personnel or those who choose not to move their families nearby live in barracks. Most
British military barracks are named after battles, military figures or
725:
He considered as unquestionably harmful for the combat development of the soldier not only a constant participation in the home life of civilians, caused by the billet system, — Paul believed that even an accommodation in the slobodas, which did not cut soldier off from a household concerns and
772:
to intimidate areas of civil society. Furthermore, grand urban barracks were associated with absolutist monarchies, where they could be seen as emblematic of power sustained through military might; and there was an ongoing suspicion that gathering soldiers together in barracks might encourage
695:
Many of the
Portuguese regimental barracks are of a model developed by the old Administrative Commission for the New Infrastructures of the Armed Forces (CANIFA). Because of this, they are commonly referred as "CANIFA type barracks". These types of barracks were built in the 1950s and 1960s,
849:, 1779) becoming the first Corps in Britain to be fully provided with its own accommodation. Large urban barracks were still a rarity, though. In London there was a fair amount of barrack accommodation, but most of it was within the precincts of various royal palaces (as at
459:. Large, permanent barracks were developed in the 18th century by the two dominant states of the period, France the "caserne" and Spain the "cuartel". The English term 'barrack', on the other hand, derives from the Spanish word for a temporary shelter erected by soldiers on
981:
for regional or County brigades and regiments. The latter part of the 19th century also saw the establishment of a number of Naval barracks (an innovation long resisted by the Royal Navy, which had tended to accommodate its sailors afloat either on their ships or else in
776:
Nevertheless, some "soldiers' lodgings" were built in
Britain at this time, usually attached to coastal fortifications or royal palaces. The first recorded use of the word 'barracks' in this context was for the Irish Barracks, built in the precinct of the
1026:
had gender-separate basic training units. Currently, all services have training where male and female recruits share barracks, but are separated during personal time and lights out. All the services integrate male and female members following
885:
just west of London). Several smaller cavalry and artillery barracks were established around this time, but very little was built for the infantry; instead, a number of large camps (with wooden huts) were set up, including at
Chelmsford,
625:. There are several surviving British Army barracks built between 1814 and 1815 at that site today. Multiple limestone barracks were built half a mile west of Fort York in 1840, only one of which survives. The British Army handed over "
964:
A review conducted following the demise of the Board of
Ordnance in 1855 noted that only seven barracks outside London had accommodation for more than 1,000. This changed with the establishment of large-scale Army Camps such as
841:' being built around the dockyard towns, and infantry barracks were established within them (e.g. at Chatham, Upper and Lower Barracks, 1756, and Plymouth, six defensible square barracks, 1758–63). The newly constituted
317:
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to a specialist
Barracks Department overseen by the War Office. With a view to dealing with sedition, and perhaps quelling thoughts of revolution, several large cavalry barracks were built in the 1790s: first at
747:
was transferred to the military ministry. This has made it possible to step up the construction of barracks for the army. By 1 January 1900, 19,015 barracks had been built, which accommodated 94% of the troops.
148:. They have been called "discipline factories for soldiers". Like industrial factories, some are considered to be shoddy or dull buildings, although others are known for their magnificent architecture such as
137:'soldier's tent', but today barracks are usually permanent buildings. The word may apply to separate housing blocks or to complete complexes, and the plural form often refers to a single structure and may be
804:
In
England, this domestic style continued to be used through the first half of the eighteenth century; most new barracks of this period were more or less hidden within the precincts of medieval castles and
973:; over time in these locations temporary huts were replaced with more permanent barracks buildings. Large-scale camps were not the only way forward, however; from the 1870s, the localisation agenda of the
720:. For these purposes, Paul I established a one-time land tax based on the amount of land owned by citizen. This tax was not mandatory, but person who paid it was permanently exempted from billets.
131:
are buildings used to accommodate military personnel and quasi-military personnel such as police. The
English word originates from the 17th century via French and Italian from an old Spanish word
872:
adding a further 100,000). Barrack accommodation at the time was provided for a mere 20,000. To deal with the situation, responsibility for building barracks was transferred in 1792 from the
556:
be housed in bays, while senior NCOs and officers may share or have their own room. Junior enlisted personnel are typically tasked with the cleanliness of the barracks. The term "
467:; (because of fears that a standing army in barracks would be a threat to the constitution, barracks were not generally built in Great Britain until 1790, on the eve of the
664:
In Poland barracks are represented usually as a complex of buildings, each consisting of a separate entity or an administrative or business premises. As an example, the
1308:""Постойная повинность есть, конечно, одна из самых тягостных для граждан". Постойная повинность и строительство казарм в Российской империи второй половины XIX века"
1009:– built 1863, demolished and rebuilt 1963, closed 2008). There has been an ongoing focus on improving the quality of barracks accommodation; since the 1970s several
756:
In the 17th and 18th centuries there were concerns around the idea of a standing army housed in barracks; instead, the law provided for troops routinely to be
789:
played a key role in developing a 'domestic' style of barrack design in the latter half of the 17th century: he provided barrack blocks for such locations as
881:(close to the royal palaces), then in several provincial towns and cities: Birmingham, Coventry, Manchester, Norwich, Nottingham and Sheffield (as well as
652:
by 1876. The Stone frigate is a large stone building originally designed to hold gear and rigging from
British warships dismantled to comply with the
1202:
491:
1478:
46:
1001:. Many of those that remained were rebuilt in the 1960s, either substantially (as happened at Woolwich, behind the facade) or entirely (as at
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of some sixty men, four to a room, two to a bed. Standard furnishings were provided, and each room had a grate used for heating and cooking.
760:
in small groups in inns and other locations. (The concerns were various: political, ideological and constitutional, provoked by memories of
1449:
945:
where a new frontage, housing officers, was built in front of a range of warehouses converted to house the men). In response to the
1457:
1010:
993:
During the 20th century, activity ranged from the need for speedy expansion during the First World War (when large camps such as
825:). This bolder approach gradually began to be adopted south of the border during the eighteenth century (beginning with nearby
543:
These were inadequate for the enormous armies mobilized after 1914. Hut camps were developed using variations of the eponymous
1275:
1250:
138:
144:
The main objective of barracks is to separate soldiers from the civilian population and reinforce discipline, training, and
486:, which was among the first in England to be purpose-built and begun in 1717 to the design of the distinguished architect
577:
322:
1225:
80:
941:. In several instances elsewhere, buildings were converted rather than newly built (or a mixture of the two, as at
649:
560:
town" is a common expression for any town that has military barracks, i.e., a permanent military presence nearby.
934:
665:
894:, as well as at various locations along the south coast. Barrack-masters were appointed, one such was Captain
17:
868:, though, things changed. The size of the army grew from 40,000 to 225,000 between 1790 and 1814 (with the
152:
in Dublin and others in Paris, Berlin, Madrid, Vienna, or London. From the rough barracks of 19th-century
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372:
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926:
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349:
395:
368:, 1795: officers' accommodation in the end blocks, ground-floor stables with men's accommodation over.
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In basic training, and sometimes follow-on training, service members live in barracks. Formerly, the
954:
942:
922:
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in
Woolwich (1776) was one exception (but significantly the Artillery were under the command of the
196:, Toronto, built in 1815 after the original 1793 fort was destroyed by American soldiers during the
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The Military Revolution Debate: Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe
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The Military Revolution Debate: Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe
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During World War II, many U.S. barracks were made of inexpensive, sturdy and easy to assemble
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439:. From these and from contemporary Roman sources we can see that the basics of life in a
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in 1875 (one of a number of similar barracks established following the Cardwell reforms)
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532:, old wooden sailing vessels; but these insanitary lodgings were replaced with large
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340:(1689), Greater London; these are Britain's oldest surviving purpose-built barracks.
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797:, each with rows of square rooms arranged in pairs on two stories, accommodating a
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barracks at the major dockyard towns of Europe and the United States, usually with
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483:
424:
332:
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644:, completed in 1820, served as barracks briefly in 1837–38, and was refitted as a
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Many barracks contain large numbers of beds or bunk beds with minimal common areas
54:
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moored in its harbours). The first of these, Keyham Barracks in Devonport (later
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782:
778:
761:
737:
History of barracks accommodation of troops in Russia (Engineering journal, 1882)
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569:
468:
301:
987:
902:. Coincidentally his father, Captain Matthew Manby, had been barrack-master at
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765:
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Early barracks were multi-story blocks, often grouped in a quadrangle around a
244:
1291:
Lyapidevsky, Nikolay (1882). "История казарменного помещения войск в России".
809:. In Scotland, however, a more demonstrative style was employed following the
160:
and illness and barely differentiated from the livestock pens that housed the
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1333:
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were also provided with accommodation in the vicinity of the Dockyards (e.g.
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684:(barracks). In a barracks, each of the dormitory buildings is referred as a
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1417:(Belfast, 1956); reprinted with some amendments in Rogers, Clifford, ed.,
1133:(Belfast, 1856); reprinted with some amendments in Rogers, Clifford, ed.,
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riots three barracks were established in north-west England in the 1840s,
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602:
495:
494:
concept of hospital design was influential in barrack planning after the
432:
353:
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1038:
Unlike the other services, the U.S. Air Force officially uses the term "
716:
in a countryside. First barracks were built during the reign of Emperor
568:
Prison cell blocks often are built and arranged like barracks, and some
45:
deal primarily with Europe and the United States and do not represent a
1394:
A Military Revolution?: Military Change and European Society, 1550–1800
1105:
A Military Revolution?: Military Change and European Society, 1550–1800
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428:
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114:
1408:
British Barracks, their social and architectural importance, 1660–1914
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British Barracks, their social and architectural importance, 1660–1914
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were built to maintain elite forces. There are a number of remains of
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that scholars believe contributed decisively to the formation of the
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Dr. Carl Benn, Department of History Chair, Ryerson University.
509:(Germany) during the early 18th century. The British Army built
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689:
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regiments had separate barracks. The first naval barracks were
157:
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From the end of 1882, the money collected for exemption from
533:
248:
1220:. Toronto, Ontario: Natural Heritage Books. pp. 9–65.
267:
27:
Accommodation for military personnel, laborers or prisoners
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were established), to the closure of many barracks in the
399:
Officers' accommodation at Cambridge Infantry Barracks in
164:, to the clean and Internet-connected barracks of modern
597:
Barracks were used to house troops in forts during the
501:
The first large-scale training camps were built in the
443:
have remained constant for thousands of years. In the
785:(responsible for construction and upkeep of barracks)
1270:(in Russian). Moscow: Tsentrpoligraph. p. 160.
1245:(in Russian). Moscow: Tsentrpoligraph. p. 159.
969:(1854), and the expansion of Garrison towns such as
829:, 1717). There was much building in and around the
704:Until the end of the 18th century personnel of the
1065:, a temporary or semi-permanent military quarters.
990:), was begun in 1879, and only completed in 1907.
909:It was not until some years after the end of the
192:The officers' barracks and mess establishment at
1465:
1053:(having a rounded roof but made out of metal).
921:built four as part of his London improvements:
168:, the word can have a variety of connotations.
1183:. The Friends of Fort York and Garrison Common
94:"Barrack" redirects here. For other uses, see
132:
113:Late 18th century barracks from the reign of
43:The examples and perspective in this article
1201:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
235:(1840), the site's only surviving structure.
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1218:Stanley Barracks: Toronto's Military Legacy
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837:, fears of a land attack led to defensive '
208:Barracks of the 117th infantry regiment in
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423:Early barracks such as those of the Roman
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1240:
1215:
1042:" to refer to its unaccompanied housing.
629:", as the second fort was called, to the
455:by increasing the expense of maintaining
419:Chelsea Barracks, as rebuilt in the 1960s
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
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977:saw new and old barracks established as
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607:Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe
1479:Military units and formations by type
1460:Military Works (Barrack construction)
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917:) that barrack-building began again.
768:and of the use of troops in reign of
1453:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.
1325:10.18413/2687-0967-2020-47-4-811-817
1312:Via in tempore. История. Политология
29:
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578:United States Disciplinary Barracks
431:barracks in frontier forts such as
323:Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment
24:
1415:The Military Revolution, 1560–1660
1131:The Military Revolution, 1660–1760
387:, built to serve as depot for the
25:
1500:
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297:Old barracks building in Września
266:Carlo De Cristoforis Barracks in
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650:Royal Military College of Canada
348:Machinegun team barracks in the
34:
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1299:
1284:
1268:Военный Петербург эпохи Павла I
1243:Военный Петербург эпохи Павла I
601:. Leading up to and during the
1419:The Military Revolution Debate
1379:. 14 November 1774. p. 1.
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1209:
1177:"A Brief History of Fort York"
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1135:The Military Revolution Debate
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943:Cambridge Barracks, Portsmouth
937:(since demolished) behind the
305:German barracks for troops of
13:
1:
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710:billeted with civilians homes
213:
1266:Yurkevich, Yevgeniy (2007).
1241:Yurkevich, Yevgeniy (2007).
666:Barracks Complex in Września
648:and classrooms to house the
613:oversaw the construction of
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7:
1162:British Barracks, 1660–1914
1056:
1051:Native American long houses
821:(as seen in the monumental
671:
576:in their name, such as the
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57:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1505:
1295:(in Russian) (3): 318–319.
1216:Sendzikas, Aldona (2011).
861:rather than of the Army).
447:, they formed part of the
376:Fort George barracks, 1753
171:
92:
1092:Oxford English Dictionary
833:at this time: during the
699:
659:
611:Major-General Isaac Brock
592:
563:
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864:In the aftermath of the
855:Royal Artillery Barracks
516:By the First World War,
166:all-volunteer militaries
139:singular in construction
101:Not to be confused with
96:Barrack (disambiguation)
1450:Encyclopædia Britannica
1430:Encyclopædia Britannica
1421:Rogers, Clifford, ed.,
1401:Les casernes françaises
1137:Rogers, Clifford, ed.,
1094:, 2nd. ed. barrack, n.1
898:at the Royal Barracks,
853:, 1753). The prominent
811:Jacobite rising of 1715
680:bases is referred as a
103:Barack (disambiguation)
1458:Royal Engineers Museum
1399:Dallemagne, François,
1377:Saunders's News-Letter
1306:Orlov, Andrey (2020).
1031:and first assignment.
953:at Ashton-under-Lyne,
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935:St George's Barracks
933:for the Guards, and
482:. A good example is
366:Christchurch, Dorset
338:Hampton Court Palace
309:(federal police) in
156:armies, filled with
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
1164:. English Heritage.
955:Wellington Barracks
931:Wellington Barracks
847:Stonehouse Barracks
733:Nikolay Lyapidevsky
712:or accommodated in
449:Military Revolution
445:Early Modern Period
283:Norrbotten Regiment
233:Queenston limestone
1489:Total institutions
951:Ladysmith Barracks
488:Nicholas Hawksmoor
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1413:Roberts, Michael
1362:Military Barracks
1293:Инженерный журнал
1277:978-5-9524-2608-5
1252:978-5-9524-2608-5
1129:Roberts, Michael
1074:Barkas, Hyderabad
1024:U.S. Marine Corps
929:for the Cavalry,
883:Hounslow Barracks
874:Board of Ordnance
866:French Revolution
859:Board of Ordnance
654:Rush–Bagot Treaty
617:on the shores of
540:instead of beds.
513:camps from 1854.
507:Holy Roman Empire
503:Kingdom of France
385:Kempston Barracks
277:Barracks housing
91:
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65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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959:Fulwood Barracks
939:National Gallery
835:Seven Years' War
815:Ruthven Barracks
791:Plymouth Citadel
787:Bernard de Gomme
781:in 1669. At the
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631:Canadian Militia
570:military prisons
484:Berwick Barracks
425:Praetorian Guard
327:Saint Petersburg
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911:Napoleonic Wars
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807:Henrician forts
783:Ordnance Office
779:Tower of London
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678:Portuguese Army
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621:in present-day
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356:(built in 1913)
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1436:External links
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1410:(London, 1997)
1406:Douet, James,
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1396:(London, 1991)
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180:Barracks in
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823:Fort George
773:sedition.)
603:War of 1812
582:Leavenworth
496:Crimean War
433:Vercovicium
354:Novosibirsk
217: 1900
198:War of 1812
71:August 2024
1468:Categories
1387:References
1375:"Deaths".
1063:Cantonment
971:Colchester
892:Sunderland
888:Colchester
545:Nissen hut
437:Vindolanda
429:Roman army
401:Portsmouth
313:, Germany.
279:conscripts
212:, France (
115:George III
1342:233620729
1334:2687-0967
1187:April 13,
1040:dormitory
1029:boot camp
1003:Hyde Park
995:Catterick
988:HMS Drake
967:Aldershot
919:John Nash
915:recession
646:dormitory
615:Fort York
588:Worldwide
572:may have
522:artillery
511:Aldershot
476:courtyard
311:Frankfurt
289:, Sweden.
194:Fort York
184:, Poland.
154:conscript
59:talk page
1474:Barracks
1403:, (1990)
1197:cite web
1057:See also
947:Chartist
904:Limerick
770:James II
762:Cromwell
758:billeted
730:—
714:slobodas
672:Portugal
574:barracks
558:Garrison
551:Military
538:hammocks
518:infantry
505:and the
461:campaign
231:made of
129:Barracks
123:Scotland
53:You may
1007:Chelsea
1005:and at
870:Militia
827:Berwick
813:(as at
799:Company
686:caserna
682:quartel
623:Toronto
526:cavalry
465:barraca
403:(1820s)
257:Finland
210:Le Mans
172:History
134:barraca
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1224:
979:depots
817:) and
745:billet
718:Paul I
700:Russia
690:casern
660:Poland
593:Canada
564:Prison
524:, and
182:Gdańsk
158:hazing
1428:1911
1338:S2CID
1080:Notes
1069:B hut
984:hulks
839:lines
708:were
534:naval
530:hulks
287:Boden
249:Vaasa
61:, or
1330:ISSN
1272:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1203:link
1189:2021
925:and
890:and
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640:The
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435:and
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78:(
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20:)
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