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310:). Hellequin was depicted as a black-faced emissary of the devil, roaming the countryside with a group of demons chasing the damned souls of evil people to Hell. The physical appearance of Hellequin offers an explanation for the traditional colours of Harlequin's red-and-black mask. The name's origin could also be traced to a knight from the 9th century, Hellequin of Boulogne, who died fighting the Normans and originated a legend of devils. In Cantos XXI and XXII from
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within the play. Physically, Arlecchino is described as wearing a costume covered in irregular patches, a hat outfitted with either a rabbit or fox's tail, and a red and black mask. The mask itself is identified by carbuncles on the forehead, small eyes, a snub nose, hollow cheeks, and sometimes bushy brows with facial hair. Arlecchino is often depicted as having a wooden sword hanging from a leather belt on his person, and sometimes holding a
940:
721:. In the seventeenth century, a variety of anonymous engravings show Guazzetto rollicking, similar to Arleqin. He wears a fox's brush, a large three-tiered collarette, wide breeches, and a loose jacket tied tightly by a belt. He also dons a neckerchief dropped over the shoulders like a small cape. Guazzetto's mask is characterised with a hooked nose and a mustache. His bat is shaped like a scimitar-esque sword.
699:. Name is said to mean "Tatterdemalion". One of the oldest versions of Harlequin, dating to the 15th century. Costume almost identical to Harlequin's, but had a variation of the 17th century where the triangular patches were replaced with moons, stars, circles and triangles. In 18th century France, Trivelino was a distinct character from Harlequin. They appeared together in a number of comedies by
909:. For this elaborate production, Dibdin and Grimaldi introduced new costume designs. Clown's costume was "garishly colourful ... patterned with large diamonds and circles, and fringed with tassels and ruffs", instead of the tatty servant's outfit that had been used for a century. The production was a hit, and the new costume design was copied by others in London. Later the same year, at the
917:
Harlequin was modified to become "romantic and mercurial, instead of mischievous", leaving
Grimaldi's mischievous and brutish Clown as the "undisputed agent" of chaos, and the foil for the more sophisticated Harlequin, who retained and developed stylized dance poses during the 19th century. The most
429:
Zanni role, and he probably first performed the part in France in (or just before) 1584 and only later did he bring the character to Italy, where he became known as
Arlecchino. The motley costume is sometimes attributed to Martinelli, who wore a linen costume of colourful patches, and a hare-tail on
568:
Early characteristics of
Arlecchino paint the character as a "second" Zanni servant from northern Italy with the paradoxical attributes of a dimwitted fool and an intelligent trickster. Arlecchino is sometimes referred to as putting on a show of stupidity in a metatheatrical attempt to create chaos
381:
in the late 1560s, is one of the earliest known actors suggested to have performed the part, although there is "little hard evidence to support ". Ganassa performed in France in 1571, and if he did play the part there, he left the field open for another actor to take up the role, when he took his
657:
of the 16th century where he is shown trying to woo Donna Lucia for himself by masquerading as a foreign nobleman. He also is known to try to win any given lady for himself if he chances upon anyone else trying to woo her, by interrupting or ridiculing the new competitor. His sexual appetite is
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By contrast with the "first" Zanni
Harlequin takes little or no part in the development of the plot. He has the more arduous task of maintaining the even rhythm of the comedy as a whole. He is therefore always on the go, very agile and more acrobatic than any of the other
882:. Harlequin used his magic batte or "slapstick" to transform the scene from the pantomime into the harlequinade and to magically change the settings to various locations during the chase scene. As the Harlequinade portion of English
1477:
Biografia degli artisti ovvero dizionario della vita e delle opere dei pittori, degli scultori, degli intagliatori, dei tipografi e dei musici di ogni nazione che fiorirono da'tempi più remoti sino á nostri giorni. Seconda
544:
The primary aspect of
Arlecchino was his physical agility. He was very nimble and performed the sort of acrobatics the audience expected to see. The character would never perform a simple action when the addition of a
226:
around 1800, Clown became the mischievous and brutish foil for the more sophisticated
Harlequin, who became more of a romantic character. The most influential portrayers of the Harlequin character in
1771:
Recueil de plusieurs fragments des premières comédies italiennes qui on été représentées en France sous le règne de Henri III. Recueil, dit de
Fossard, conservé au musée national de Stockholm
442:, 1601). Martinelli's great success contributed to the perpetuation of his interpretation of the Zanni role, along with the name of his character, after his death in 1630, among others, by
615:, the character adopted a mixture of French, Lombard and Italian dialects when the character became more of a fixture in France so as to help the performers connect to the common masses.
1422:
Rudlin & Crick 2001, pp. 7–13. These authors speculate that
Ganassa may have dropped the role in Spain, since apparently he gained too much weight to perform the required acrobatics.
878:, who played the role under the name of Lun. He developed the character of Harlequin into a mischievous magician who was easily able to evade Pantaloon and his servants to woo
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1384:
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1949:
511:("Thomassin", 1682–1739) became famous in the part. The rhombus shape of the patches arose by adaptation to the Paris fashion of the 17th century by Biancolelli.
492:
407:
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and several woodblock prints probably dating from the 1580s in the
Fossard collection, discovered by Agne Beijer in the 1920s among uncatalogued items in the
495:(1636–1688), who combined the Zanni types, "making his Arlecchino witty, neat, and fluent in a croaking voice, which became as traditional as the squawk of
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is front and center, while just to the right and slightly behind is
Harlequin in motley costume, "the oldest known version of Harlequin's costume".
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324:
and the Arlecchino are more than cosmetic. The prank-like antics of the devils in the aforementioned antics reflect some carnivalesque aspects.
715:. Popular characters with Gozzi and Goldoni, but said to be best when used for improvisations. By the 18th century was a Bergamask caricature.
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roles, and his lust for her was only superseded by his desire for food and fear of his master. Occasionally, Harlequin would pursue the
425:
is the first actor definitely known to have used the name "Harlequin" (or "Arlequin") from French folklore and adapted it for the comic
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The Harlequin character first appeared in Bergamo, Italy, early in the 17th century and took centre stage in the derived genre of the
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The Harlequin character came to England early in the 17th century and took center stage in the derived genre of the
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573:(fool's scepter). Aside from his acrobatics, Arlecchino is also known for having several specific traits such as:
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1861:
Italian popular comedy: a study in the Commedia dell'arte, 1560-1620, with special reference to the English stage
623:
Various troupes and actors would alter his behaviour to suit style, personal preferences, or even the particular
327:
The first known appearance on stage of Hellequin is dated to 1262, the character of a masked and hooded devil in
1163:
Duchartre 1929, p. 82; Laurence Senelick in Banham 1995, "Harlequin" p. 472; Rudlin & Crick 2001, pp. 12–13.
51:
The classical appearance of the Harlequin stock character in the commedia dell'arte of the 1670s, complete with
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1890:
1846:
The Art of Commedia: A Study in the Commedia dell'arte, 1560-1620, with Special Reference to the Visual Records
1793:
965:
196:
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1327:
Scuderi, Antonio (2000). "Arlecchino Revisited: Tracing the Demon from the Carnival to Kramer and Mr. Bean".
434:, a moustache and a pointed beard. He was very successful, even playing at court and becoming a favourite of
926:, active during the 1860s and 1870s, who contributed to the development of 20th-century "slapstick" comedy.
661:
Between the 16th and 17th centuries Harlequin gained some function as a politically aware character. In the
607:
is the use of regional languages. Arlecchino's speech evolved with the character. Originally speaking in a
175:
The Harlequin is characterised by his checkered costume. His role is that of a light-hearted, nimble, and
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A scene from the commedia dell'arte played in France before a noble audience in 1571 or 1572 (Museum of
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31:
17:
1959:
Scuderi, Antonio. "Arlecchino Revisited: Tracing the Demon from the Carnival to Kramer and Mr. Bean."
260:
The name Harlequin is taken from that of a mischievous "devil" or "demon" character in popular French
3520:
2271:
910:
906:
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much to the detriment of the plans of his master. Arleqin often had a love interest in the person of
280:, who recounts a story of a monk who was pursued by a troop of demons when wandering on the coast of
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284:, France, at night. These demons were led by a masked, club-wielding giant and they were known as
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156:. The role is traditionally believed to have been introduced by the Italian actor-manager
8:
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there is a devil by the name of Alichino. The similarities between the devil in Dante's
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874:, developed in the early 18th century by the Lincoln's Fields Theatre's actor-manager
179:, often acting to thwart the plans of his master, and pursuing his own love interest,
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The Commedia dell'arte of Flamino Scala: A Translation and Analysis of 30 Scenarios
1657:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, May 2011, accessed 21 October 2011
612:
550:
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332:
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183:, with wit and resourcefulness, often competing with the sterner and melancholic
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Lea 1934, pp. 79–84; Katritzky 2006, pp. 102–104; Andrews 2008, pp. xxvi–xxvii.
1114:
1028:, Fourth of the Eleven Fatui Harbingers and Father of the House of the Hearth,
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his cap to indicate cowardice. Martinelli's Harlequin also had a black leather
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in the late 16th century, was definitively popularized by the Italian actor
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1010:, an American comic book character originally serving as a sidekick to the
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Harlequin would parody French tragedies as well comment on current events.
261:
207:
200:
176:
60:
1778:
1391:: "...this figure is still widely accepted as a depiction of Harlequin or
742:. A servant or valet clad in mostly white, created by Giovanni Pellesini.
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897:, greatly changed the pantomime characters. Grimaldi starred as Clown in
839:
Ben-Jamin Newham ‘The Zanni Virtuoso’ (Fools In Progress Theatre Company)
765:
431:
374:
157:
59:", a magic wand used by the character to change the scenery of the play (
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2703:
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1978:
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385:
Among the earliest depictions of the character are a Flemish painting (
265:
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2146:
1281:
Ghosts in the Middle Ages: The Living and the Dead in Medieval Society
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1022:. Video game representations of the character include the Knave from
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1172:
Andrews 2008, p. liv, note 32, citing Ferrone, Henke, and Gambelli.
687:
Duchartre lists the following as variations on the Harlequin role:
625:
281:
1380:, confirms that the dating of the painting is generally accepted;
499:". The Italians were expelled from France in 1697 for satirizing
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1993:
1671:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 3.
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essentially immediate, and can be applied to any passing woman.
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2756:
2733:
2232:
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1969:(1943). "Early Paintings of the Commedia dell'arte in France."
1481:. Venice; Googlebooks: Presso Andrea Santini e Figlio. p.
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462:
393:
378:
354:
3379:
3194:
2923:
2781:
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1014:, and Arlekin, a puppet from Karabas Barabas' theatre in the
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developed, Harlequin was routinely paired with the character
458:
366:
302:
247:
218:
developed, Harlequin was routinely paired with the character
165:
145:
214:. As the Harlequinade portion of the English dramatic genre
82:
2335:
1495:
Donald Roy in Banham 1995, "Comédie-Italienne" pp. 233–234.
629:
being performed. He is typically cast as the servant of an
88:
1801:
Arlecchino. Vita e avventure di Tristano Martinelli attore
1637:, Oxford University Press, 2003, accessed 21 October 2011
365:
The re-interpretation of the "devil" stock character as a
2910:
2008:
1431:
Katritzky 2006, pp. 107–108; Beijer & Duchartre 1928.
1267:
Playing Commedia, A Training Guide to Commedia Techniques
754:
Marcello Moretti (1910–61). Photograph by Amleto Sartori.
97:
514:
276:, first attested in the 11th century, by the chronicler
1758:(new edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1521:
1519:
1504:
Laurence Senelick in Banham 1995, "Vicentini" p. 867.
1240:
Le Bossu désenchanté: Étude sur le Jeu da la Feuillée
1236:
Etymologie des wortes harlequin und verwandter wörter
1188:
Laurence Senelick in Banham 1995, "Harlequin" p. 472.
865:
195:
qualities, as well as his name, from a mischievous "
144:) is the best-known of the comic servant characters (
100:
94:
91:
27:
Zanni (comic servant) character in commedia dell'arte
1831:
Performance and Literature in the Commedia dell'arte
1784:
Duchartre, Pierre-Louis (1929; Dover reprint 1966).
1716:. London: Dillon's University Bookshop. p. 16.
1353:
1351:
85:
3511:
Fictional characters introduced in the 16th century
1516:
1278:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
79:
76:
1365:
1363:
191:. Harlequin inherits his physical agility and his
1348:
468:The character was also performed in Paris at the
3497:
1302:
1300:
1175:
918:influential pair playing Harlequin and Clown in
580:The ability to eat large amounts of food quickly
292:). This medieval French version of the Germanic
238:, the latter active during the 1860s and 1870s.
1360:
1018:children's film and the novel it was based on,
903:Peter Wilkins: or Harlequin in the Flying World
577:Appearing humpbacked without artificial padding
507:, but returned in 1716 (after his death), when
3306:
1769:Beijer, Agne; Duchartre, Pierre-Louis (1928).
1635:Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance
440:Compositions de Rhetorique de Mr. Don Arlequin
300:, has been connected to the English figure of
2279:
2177:The World Festival of Clowns in Yekaterinburg
2024:
1833:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1297:
1041:
1029:
1001:
1357:Sterling 1943, p. 20; Duchartre 1929, p. 84.
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
438:, to whom he addressed insolent monologues (
187:. He later develops into a prototype of the
1900:. New York: Hill and Wang. pp. 55–70.
1225:Ecclesiastical History Book VIII Chapter 17
968:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2324:
2286:
2272:
2031:
2017:
1928:Commedia dell'arte: A Handbook for Troupes
1863:. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1773:. Paris: Duchartre & Van Buggenhoudt.
1689:
1687:
1261:
1259:
1000:Representations of or characters based on
653:, although rarely with success, as in the
373:took place in the 16th century in France.
1848:. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi B. V.
1788:. London: George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd.
1743:. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press.
1714:Thespis – A Gilbert & Sullivan Enigma
1666:
1451:Comedy: A Geographic and Historical Guide
1191:
1120:"Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman
988:Learn how and when to remove this message
915:Harlequin Amulet; or, The Magick of Mona.
893:Two developments in 1800, both involving
210:, developed in the early 18th century by
1973:, New ser., v. 2, no. 1 (Summer, 1943).
1883:Incidents In the Life of Joseph Grimaldi
1006:in contemporary popular culture include
842:
749:
727:. Character dating to the 15th century.
672:
518:
414:'s Harlequin costume as depicted in his
406:
348:
46:
1913:Commedia dell’Arte, An actor's handbook
1684:
1655:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1326:
1256:
14:
3498:
2187:Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army
1943:Masques et Bouffons. Comédie italienne
139:
3358:
2827:
2826:
2323:
2267:
2012:
1945:, vol. 1. Paris: Michel Levy Frères.
1868:The Pantomime Life of Joseph Grimaldi
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1238:(1912). See also Normand R. Cartier,
847:The Payne Brothers – Harry (left) as
515:Characteristics and dramatic function
382:troupe to Spain permanently in 1574.
377:, whose troupe is first mentioned in
241:
122:
2293:
1711:
1473:
1453:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005,
1395:, although often with reservations."
966:adding citations to reliable sources
933:
745:
618:
1971:Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
1963:, vol. 20, 2000., pp. 143–155.
1540:World Encyclopedia of Puppetry Arts
24:
3541:Commedia dell'arte male characters
1926:Rudlin, John; Crick, Olly (2001).
1756:The Cambridge Guide to the Theatre
1597:
1563:
1309:
929:
866:English harlequinade and pantomime
172:after Martinelli's death in 1630.
25:
3552:
1986:
1870:. Edinburgh:Canongate Books Ltd.
713:Truffa, Truffaldin or Truffaldino
603:One of the major distinctions of
583:Using his wooden sword like a fan
2247:
2246:
2145:
1866:McConnell Stott, Andrew (2009).
1269:, (Nick Hern Books) London, 2000
1049:Call of Duty: Modern Warfare III
938:
72:
2803:(self styled captain, braggart)
2172:Clowns of America International
1754:Banham, Martin, editor (1995).
1732:
1705:
1696:
1675:
1660:
1643:
1613:
1588:
1579:
1554:
1528:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1467:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1413:Rudlin & Crick 2001, p. 12.
1407:
1398:
1339:
1283:. University Of Chicago Press.
645:, or in older plays any of the
1272:
1228:
1219:
1166:
1157:
1137:
595:and several other techniques.
539:
152:, associated with the city of
13:
1:
3516:Stupid Zanni class characters
1885:. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd.
1143:Alexandre Manceau, engraver.
1130:
856:
553:would spice up the movement.
481:
447:
386:
1585:Duchartre 1929, pp. 159–160.
1279:Jean-Claude Schmitt (1999).
7:
3307:
3174:Elderly martial arts master
2869:Hooker with a heart of gold
1693:McConnell Stott, pp. 95–100
1063:
668:
168:in 1584–1585, and became a
36:Arlecchino (disambiguation)
10:
3557:
3359:
2038:
1474:Boni, Filippo de' (1852).
1020:The Adventures of Buratino
796:Pier Francesco Biancolelli
416:Compositions de rhétorique
342:
245:
32:Harlequin (disambiguation)
29:
3365:
3354:
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2195:
2154:
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2059:
2046:
1896:Oreglia, Giacomo (1968).
1844:Katritzky, M. A. (2006).
1739:Andrews, Richard (2008).
1667:Mayer III, David (1969).
1242:, Librairie Droz, 1971,
1042:
1030:
1002:
911:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
598:
509:Tommaso Antonio Vicentini
339:in French passion plays.
113:
40:Arlequin (disambiguation)
1814:Gambelli, Delia (1993).
1669:Harlequin in His Element
1651:"Rich, John (1692–1761)"
1216:Oreglia 1968, pp. 56–70.
264:. It originates with an
199:" character in medieval
2162:World Clown Association
2001:Encyclopædia Britannica
1961:Theatre History Studies
1881:Neville, Giles (1980).
1702:McConnell Stott, p. 109
1639:(subscription required)
1449:Maurice Charney (ed.),
1329:Theatre History Studies
1034:, King of Riddles from
132:
2901:Manic Pixie Dream Girl
2325:By ethics and morality
2004:(11th ed.). 1911.
1941:Sand, Maurice (1860).
1898:The Commedia dell'arte
1829:Henke, Robert (2002).
1799:Ferrone, Siro (2006).
1712:Rees, Terence (1964).
1145:Sand 1860, after p. 80
907:Sadler's Wells Theatre
862:
755:
684:
566:
536:
419:
362:
306:('host-king'; German:
64:
1930:. London: Routledge.
1915:. London: Routledge.
1911:Rudlin, John (1994).
1594:Oreglia 1968, p. 139.
1088:Harlequin (DC Comics)
846:
753:
676:
555:
522:
493:Dominique Biancolelli
474:Giambattista Andreini
410:
352:
246:Further information:
124:[arlekˈkiːno]
50:
3526:Fictional tricksters
1624:"Pantomime, British"
1610:Oreglia 1968, p. 59.
1576:Oreglia 1968, p. 65.
1525:Oreglia 1968, p. 58.
1306:Oreglia 1968, p. 56.
1058:commedia della morte
962:improve this section
783:Domenico Biancolelli
329:Jeu da la Feuillière
30:For other uses, see
3115:Princess and dragon
3013:Princesse lointaine
2513:(servants, clowns:
2483:Gentleman detective
1952:21 May 2024 at the
1859:Lea, K.M. (1934).
1816:Arlecchino a Parigi
1649:Dircks, Phyllis T.
1629:21 May 2024 at the
1560:Rudlin 1994, p. 79.
1513:Rudlin 1994, p. 78.
1460:21 May 2024 at the
1404:Rudlin 1994, p. 76.
1387:21 May 2024 at the
1376:21 May 2024 at the
1249:21 May 2024 at the
1150:21 May 2024 at the
779:Tristano Martinelli
505:Madame de Maintenon
487:) and in French as
423:Tristano Martinelli
412:Tristano Martinelli
392:) in the Museum of
290:familia herlethingi
162:Tristano Martinelli
148:) from the Italian
3400:Identity formation
3190:American mappillai
3102:Damsel in distress
2884:Magical girlfriend
2789:(wealthy old men,
2167:Clown Conservatory
1786:The Italian Comedy
1234:Martin Rühlemann,
1070:Commedia dell'arte
863:
818:The Payne Brothers
756:
706:L'Île des esclaves
701:Pierre de Marivaux
685:
605:commedia dell'arte
537:
436:Henry IV of France
420:
371:commedia dell'arte
363:
335:, and it became a
298:Mesnée d'Hellequin
242:Origin of the name
222:. As developed by
150:commedia dell'arte
65:
3531:Fictional jesters
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3370:Adolescent clique
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3123:
3122:
2859:Farmer's daughter
2828:By sex and gender
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2601:
2600:
2460:
2459:
2381:Mythological king
2261:
2260:
1995:"Harlequin"
1967:Sterling, Charles
1818:. Rome: Bulzoni.
1803:. Bari: Lateraz.
1290:978-0-226-73888-8
1103:Joker (character)
1056:soldier from the
998:
997:
990:
920:Victorian England
799:Tommaso Visentini
786:Evaristo Gherardi
764:Alberto Naselli (
746:Famous Harlequins
663:Comédie-Italienne
619:Dramatic function
549:, somersault, or
525:Pantomime Theatre
523:Harlequin at the
478:Angelo Costantini
470:Comédie-Italienne
369:character of the
286:familia herlequin
234:and his sons the
228:Victorian England
141:[arleˈki]
16:(Redirected from
3548:
3521:Stock characters
3416:Little green men
3405:Imaginary friend
3356:
3355:
3312:
3134:
3133:
3074:Mammy stereotype
3028:Yamato nadeshiko
2844:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2699:Bug-eyed monster
2663:Social Darwinist
2612:
2611:
2588:Good cop/bad cop
2471:
2470:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2321:
2320:
2295:Stock characters
2288:
2281:
2274:
2265:
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2250:
2249:
2182:Loldiers of Odin
2149:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1956:at Google Books.
1726:
1725:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1681:Neville, pp. 6–7
1679:
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1542:. 30 August 2016
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1396:
1369:Katritzky 2006,
1367:
1358:
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1345:Lea 1934, p. 75.
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1337:
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979:
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942:
934:
901:1800 pantomime,
899:Charles Dibdin's
861:
858:
829:Marcello Moretti
802:Carlo Bertinazzi
613:Lombard language
564:
563:Oreglia, Giacomo
503:'s second wife,
491:in the 1660s by
486:
485: 1654–1729
483:
452:
449:
391:
390: 1571–1572
388:
333:Adam de la Halle
256:Alichino (devil)
143:
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3361:
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3315:
3288:
3257:
3240:Prince Charming
3234:
3230:Superfluous man
3225:Nice Jewish boy
3178:
3155:
3119:
3096:
3078:
3061:Lady-in-waiting
3055:
3032:
2999:
2971:
2943:
2929:Fairy godmother
2905:
2829:
2806:
2745:
2685:
2657:
2628:
2597:
2576:
2555:Gentleman thief
2536:
2529: and
2497:
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2326:
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2257:
2256:
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1992:
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1954:Wayback Machine
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1152:Wayback Machine
1142:
1138:
1133:
1109:Mr. Harley Quin
1066:
994:
983:
977:
974:
959:
943:
932:
930:Popular culture
895:Joseph Grimaldi
868:
859:
748:
671:
655:Recueil Fossard
621:
601:
565:
562:
542:
517:
484:
450:
389:
345:
337:stock character
278:Orderic Vitalis
258:
244:
224:Joseph Grimaldi
170:stock character
136:
119:
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71:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Tragic mulatto
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3441:Shoulder angel
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3412:("The Lovers")
3407:
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3018:Southern belle
3015:
3009:
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2992:
2987:
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2973:
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2949:Hawksian woman
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2906:
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2864:Girl next door
2861:
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2798:
2784:
2779:
2777:Masked villain
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2099:
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2049:List of clowns
2047:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1988:
1987:External links
1985:
1983:
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1289:
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1265:Grantham, B.,
1255:
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1165:
1156:
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1127:
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1117:
1115:Punch and Judy
1112:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1025:Genshin Impact
996:
995:
978:September 2024
946:
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931:
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924:Payne Brothers
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529:Tivoli Gardens
516:
513:
501:King Louis XIV
472:in Italian by
398:Nationalmuseum
344:
341:
243:
240:
236:Payne Brothers
177:astute servant
26:
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2:
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3476:Village idiot
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3421:Magical Negro
3419:
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3254:
3253:Knight-errant
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:Little Johnny
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3200:Ivan the Fool
3198:
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3188:
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3167:
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3161:Father figure
3158:
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3002:
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2982:
2980:
2978:
2977:Woman warrior
2974:
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2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:Love interest
2845:
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2836:
2832:
2825:
2821:
2802:
2799:
2796:
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2754:
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2737:
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2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Swamp monster
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
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2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Mad scientist
2674:
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2500:
2494:
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2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2475:Lovable rogue
2472:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:Super soldier
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
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2431:
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2422:
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2417:
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2412:
2411:
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2397:
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2371:Knight-errant
2369:
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2364:
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2359:
2357:
2356:Christ figure
2354:
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2240:
2234:
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2226:
2224:
2223:Clown society
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2209:
2208:Clown bicycle
2206:
2204:
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2155:Organizations
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2029:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:9780415204088
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:9780415047708
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:9780809005451
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:9781847677617
1873:
1869:
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1862:
1858:
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1854:9789042017986
1851:
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1843:
1840:
1839:9780521172387
1836:
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1824:9788871195803
1821:
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1813:
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1809:9788842078685
1806:
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1798:
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1764:9780521434379
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1749:9780810862074
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952:
947:This section
945:
941:
936:
935:
927:
925:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
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877:
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854:
850:
845:
838:
837:
836:
835:
828:
827:
826:
825:
819:
816:
814:
813:William Payne
811:
810:
809:
808:
801:
798:
795:
794:
793:
792:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
774:
767:
763:
762:
761:
760:
752:
743:
741:
739:
734:
733:. A juggler.
732:
728:
726:
722:
720:
716:
714:
710:
708:
707:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
683:
680:, 1888–1890,
679:
675:
666:
664:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
634:
633:
628:
627:
616:
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559:
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512:
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428:
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313:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Passion Plays
257:
253:
249:
239:
237:
233:
232:William Payne
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
201:Passion Plays
198:
194:
190:
189:romantic hero
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
134:
130:
125:
116:
111:
105:
69:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3481:White savior
3451:Straight man
3385:Dragonslayer
3334:Black knight
3302:Seme and uke
3284:Mountain man
3274:Noble savage
3169:Wise old man
3137:
2990:Magical girl
2962:Femme fatale
2939:Loathly lady
2894:Monster girl
2739:Nazi zombies
2714:Monster girl
2681:Supervillain
2643:Double agent
2616:Antivillains
2570:Space pirate
2514:
2503:Tricky slave
2450:Space marine
2414:Byronic hero
2396:Youngest son
2344:Classic hero
2228:Coulrophilia
2091:
1999:
1970:
1960:
1942:
1927:
1912:
1897:
1882:
1867:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1815:
1800:
1785:
1770:
1755:
1740:
1733:Bibliography
1713:
1707:
1698:
1677:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1645:
1634:
1620:Mayer, David
1615:
1590:
1581:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1539:
1530:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1476:
1469:
1450:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1280:
1274:
1266:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1221:
1168:
1159:
1139:
1125:Tricky slave
1107:
1093:Harley Quinn
1075:
1057:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1008:Harley Quinn
999:
984:
975:
960:Please help
948:
914:
902:
892:
872:Harlequinade
869:
851:and Fred as
834:21st century
833:
832:
824:20th century
823:
822:
807:19th century
806:
805:
791:18th century
790:
789:
773:17th century
772:
771:
759:16th century
758:
757:
736:
735:
730:
729:
724:
723:
718:
717:
712:
711:
704:
696:
690:
689:
686:
682:Paul Cézanne
677:
662:
660:
654:
650:
636:
630:
624:
622:
602:
594:
587:
586:A parody of
567:
556:
543:
488:
467:
444:Nicolò Zecca
439:
426:
421:
415:
384:
364:
346:
328:
326:
321:
315:
307:
303:Herla cyning
301:
297:
289:
285:
273:
269:
259:
208:Harlequinade
205:
174:
114:
67:
66:
61:Maurice Sand
52:
44:
3426:Mole people
3269:Feral child
3151:Scaramouche
3023:Valley girl
2985:Jungle girl
2957:Dragon Lady
2934:La Ruffiana
2879:Loosu ponnu
2801:Il Capitano
2424:Tragic hero
2376:Legacy hero
2351:Action hero
2203:Clown alley
2132:Silly Billy
2127:Scaramouche
1393:Zan Ganassa
1371:pp. 140–143
1054:French Army
860: 1875
766:Zan Ganassa
740:or Pierotto
611:dialect of
540:Physicality
457:as well as
451: 1630
375:Zan Ganassa
158:Zan Ganassa
3500:Categories
3461:Town drunk
3410:Innamorati
3110:Final girl
3092:Gamer girl
2795:Il Dottore
2767:Folk devil
2709:Killer toy
2704:Evil clown
2624:False hero
2565:Air pirate
2527:Pulcinella
2218:Clown Care
1891:0224018698
1794:0486216799
1335:: 143–155.
1131:References
1076:Arlecchino
1043:Arlecchino
1031:Arlecchino
1003:Arlecchino
725:Zaccagnino
703:including
651:innamorata
632:innamorato
533:Copenhagen
266:Old French
115:Arlecchino
18:Arlecchino
3506:Harlequin
3471:Truck-kun
3375:Barbarian
3309:Otokonoko
3262:Primitive
3138:Harlequin
3129:Masculine
3084:Geek girl
3069:Columbina
3005:Queen bee
2791:Pantalone
2762:Archenemy
2671:Dark lord
2653:Terrorist
2648:Evil twin
2519:Brighella
2515:Harlequin
2493:Trickster
2440:Cyberhero
2419:Man alone
2391:Superhero
2366:Folk hero
2311:Archetype
2213:Clown car
2137:Skomorokh
2092:Harlequin
2067:Blackface
1779:963462417
1722:650490931
1536:"Marotte"
1037:Lies of P
949:does not
922:were the
884:pantomime
880:Columbine
876:John Rich
853:Harlequin
738:Pedrolino
719:Guazzetto
692:Trivelino
678:Harlequin
647:soubrette
643:Columbine
589:bel canto
547:cartwheel
535:, Denmark
446:, active
432:half-mask
402:Stockholm
359:Pantalone
294:Wild Hunt
274:hellequin
270:herlequin
216:pantomime
212:John Rich
193:trickster
181:Columbine
68:Harlequin
57:slapstick
3456:Tokenism
3446:Sidekick
3436:Redshirt
3431:Pop icon
3248:Bishōnen
3220:Nice guy
2967:Tsundere
2919:Cat lady
2839:Feminine
2729:Vampires
2719:Skeleton
2691:Monsters
2607:Villains
2406:Antihero
2361:Everyman
2252:Category
1950:Archived
1627:Archived
1478:Edizione
1458:Archived
1385:Archived
1374:Archived
1247:Archived
1148:Archived
1064:See also
731:Bagatino
697:Trivelin
669:Variants
626:scenario
561:—
489:Arlequin
308:Erlkönig
282:Normandy
137:Lombard:
133:Arlechin
120:Italian:
3329:Pachuco
3321:Bad boy
3279:Caveman
3146:Pierrot
3051:Laotong
3046:Class S
2889:Catgirl
2874:Ingénue
2854:Bishōjo
2787:Vecchio
2734:Zombies
2550:Bad boy
2531:Pierrot
2525:,
2523:Scapino
2521:,
2517:,
2386:Paladin
2196:Related
2112:Pierrot
2072:Bouffon
2053:jesters
1979:3257039
1483:p. 1103
1078:(opera)
970:removed
955:sources
638:vecchio
609:Bergamo
571:marotte
455:Bologna
427:secondo
343:History
322:Inferno
317:Inferno
252:Erlking
185:Pierrot
154:Bergamo
129:Lombard
110:Italian
63:, 1860)
3536:Clowns
3360:Others
2995:Virago
2757:Alazon
2560:Pirate
2542:Outlaw
2466:Rogues
2336:Heroes
2233:Motley
2117:Pueblo
2102:Jester
2097:Heyoka
2082:Circus
2040:Clowns
1977:
1934:
1919:
1904:
1889:
1874:
1852:
1837:
1822:
1807:
1792:
1777:
1762:
1747:
1720:
1546:10 May
1455:p. 239
1382:p. 236
1287:
1244:p. 132
1098:Jester
1040:, and
1016:Soviet
599:Speech
558:Masks.
463:Mantua
418:, 1601
394:Bayeux
379:Mantua
355:Bayeux
288:(var.
254:, and
38:, and
3390:Donor
3380:Clown
3195:Himbo
3183:Young
2924:Crone
2782:Miser
2750:Other
2581:Other
2511:Zanni
2433:Other
2122:Rodeo
2060:Types
1975:JSTOR
1083:Clown
1046:from
1012:Joker
913:, in
888:Clown
849:Clown
497:Punch
459:Turin
400:, in
367:Zanni
312:Dante
268:term
248:Herla
230:were
220:Clown
197:devil
166:Paris
146:Zanni
53:batte
3395:Fool
3294:LGBT
3210:Jock
3205:Jack
3038:LGBT
2793:and
2772:Igor
2635:mole
2633:The
2593:Rake
2488:Jack
2306:List
2107:Mime
2087:Evil
2077:Chou
1947:Copy
1932:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1902:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1872:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1775:OCLC
1760:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1718:OCLC
1548:2023
1285:ISBN
1052:, a
953:any
951:cite
551:flip
476:and
461:and
55:or "
2911:Hag
964:by
905:at
695:or
635:or
531:in
527:in
453:in
357:).
331:by
314:'s
164:in
83:ɑːr
3502::
2051:/
1998:.
1686:^
1653:,
1633:,
1622:.
1599:^
1565:^
1538:.
1518:^
1362:^
1350:^
1333:20
1331:.
1311:^
1299:^
1258:^
1193:^
1177:^
1060:.
890:.
857:c.
855:,
709:.
482:c.
465:.
448:c.
404:.
387:c.
296:,
272:,
250:,
203:.
135:,
131::
127:;
118:,
112::
108:,
34:,
2797:)
2533:)
2287:e
2280:t
2273:v
2032:e
2025:t
2018:v
1981:.
1938:.
1923:.
1908:.
1893:.
1878:.
1856:.
1841:.
1826:.
1811:.
1796:.
1781:.
1766:.
1751:.
1724:.
1550:.
1485:.
1464:.
1293:.
1253:.
1154:.
991:)
985:(
980:)
976:(
972:.
958:.
768:)
480:(
104:/
101:n
98:ɪ
95:w
92:k
89:ə
86:l
80:h
77:ˈ
74:/
70:(
42:.
20:)
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