479:
527:
49:
1354:
93:
40:
68:
689:
753:
watershed. In preparation for an ESA listing, the US FWS began implementing a "Candidate
Conservation Agreement with Assurances" (CCAA). This agreement protects cooperating landowners from being prosecuted under the ESA "takings" clause so long as they fulfill specific obligations, spelled out in a
700:
Spawning takes place in the spring. Adult fish seek shallow areas of rivers with fine, sand substrate and moderate current. Males are territorial and court females by flashing their colourful dorsal fins; the fins are also used to brace receptive females during the vibratory release of
729:
Arctic grayling are considered a secure species throughout their range. Although some populations at the southern extent of its native range have been extirpated, it remains widespread elsewhere and is not listed on the
709:. The fish are nonguarders: the eggs are left to mix with the substrate. Although the Arctic grayling does not excavate a nest, the highly energetic courtship and mating tends to kick up fine material which covers the
713:. The zygote is small (approximately 3 mm or 0.1 in in diameter) and the embryo will hatch after two to three weeks. The newly hatched embryo remains in the substrate until all the
1108:
754:
contractual arrangement and intended to restore the dwindling population. Finally, in 2014 the FWS determined not to list the grayling under ESA, due to the effectiveness of the CCAA.
510:
spines and by the presence of a larger number of soft rays in these fins. There is a dark midlateral band between the pectoral and pelvic fins, and the flanks may possess a pink
1199:
Summer abundance of Arctic grayling in the Chena River, 2005 by Klaus G Wuttig; Steven M Stroka; Alaska. Division of Sport Fish.; Alaska. Division of
Commercial Fisheries.
1270:
661:
The Arctic grayling occurs primarily in cold waters of mid-sized to large rivers and lakes, returning to rocky streams to breed. The various subspecies are omnivorous.
1277:
840:
1288:
1057:
1254:
490:
Arctic grayling grow to a maximum recorded length of 76 cm (30 in) and a maximum recorded weight of 3.8 kg (8.4 lb). Of typical
1082:
1553:
980:
1115:
1766:
1628:
1746:
1781:
1796:
1705:
1527:
1147:
965:
1579:
1031:
946:
1164:
FWS (2004). U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service Species Assessment and Listing Priority Assignment Form for fluvial Arctic grayling (
1756:
1786:
926:
1584:
942:
1189:
Length and age at maturity of Arctic grayling in the Snake River during 2003 / by Alfred L. DeCicco and Andrew D. Gryska.
1230:
1493:
717:
has been absorbed. They emerge at a length of around 12 to 18 mm (0.5 to 0.7 in), at which time they form
1761:
1664:
749:(FWS). This unique southernmost population is now extirpated from all areas of the basin with the exception of the
1633:
1791:
1506:
456:
1723:
1202:
1192:
746:
478:
1417:
1006:
1090:
1566:
1449:
1165:
1114:. Barrow, Alaska, USA. North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management. p. 98. Archived from
1454:
1184:
Pat Munday's rating of Big Hole
Watershed Committee effectiveness in Big Hole River grayling restoration
610:. Lake dwelling forms of Arctic grayling have been introduced in suitable lake habitats throughout the
92:
1669:
984:
424:
412:
1298:
571:
1620:
1776:
1771:
1338:
818:
738:
575:
526:
483:
1198:
1188:
1607:
1558:
1379:
1323:
1318:
1223:
890:
742:
718:
1353:
48:
1264:
187:
1656:
1646:
1597:
1475:
1431:
1426:
1313:
1058:"Gone nearly a century, Michigan anglers can again catch Arctic grayling | Bridge Michigan"
631:
8:
1343:
1333:
1328:
1303:
1168:
of the Upper
Missouri River), commonly called Montana Arctic grayling. November 30, 2004.
757:
The Arctic grayling is economically important; it is a "key subsistence species" for the
495:
57:
1751:
1308:
1283:
762:
721:
at the river margins. The juveniles grow quickly during their first two years of life.
714:
444:
212:
203:
87:
1641:
1462:
1216:
922:
795:
627:
1696:
1467:
911:
813:
583:
551:
365:
862:
623:
611:
603:
420:
408:
358:
562:. There are remnant native populations of fluvial Arctic grayling in the upper
1501:
1488:
750:
655:
567:
563:
559:
396:
134:
1740:
1592:
1293:
1143:
804:
770:
731:
693:
619:
607:
599:
463:
428:
380:
77:
72:
39:
1571:
1402:
555:
376:
1615:
1540:
1441:
1411:
682:
615:
587:
511:
416:
20:
673:, and fish eggs form the most important food items. Larger specimens of
1710:
1532:
1519:
1364:
1208:
872:. East Stoke, Wareham, U.K.: Institute of Freshwater Ecology. p. 3
662:
579:
539:
503:
368:
154:
144:
758:
688:
1545:
1241:
678:
594:. They occur naturally in the Arctic Ocean basin in Siberia from the
491:
164:
104:
1373:
1183:
1690:
1514:
1396:
1156:
595:
591:
507:
124:
494:
appearance, the Arctic grayling is distinguished from the similar
1718:
1109:"A Field Guide to the Common Fishes of the North Slope of Alaska"
766:
647:
635:
578:"). Fluvial Arctic grayling have been reestablished in the upper
547:
404:
400:
392:
354:
1178:
1480:
860:
710:
666:
658:
populations that live in lakes and spawn in tributary streams.
543:
388:
384:
362:
114:
538:
Arctic grayling are widespread in Arctic Ocean drainages from
670:
467:
787:
702:
651:
447:
from specimens collected in Russia. The name of the genus
706:
1107:
George, Craig; Moulton, Larry; Johnson, Michele (2009).
793:
983:. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from
863:"The Ecology and Management of the European Grayling
646:
Several life history forms of Arctic grayling occur:
586:. The native range formerly extended south into the
1106:
910:
741:once merited a high priority for listing under the
1102:
1100:
518:has been recorded as reaching an age of 18 years.
692:10 in (25 cm) Arctic grayling from the
415:. They were also stocked at Toppings Lake by the
1738:
914:; Williams, Ted (2007). "Grayling-Summer 1992".
769:and it is one of the most important species for
530:Native and introduced range of Arctic grayling,
1097:
916:About Trout: The Best of Robert J. Behnke from
891:"Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Arctic Grayling"
841:"Synonyms of Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776)"
554:in Canada. They do not occur naturally in the
546:and in Arctic and Pacific drainages to central
973:
654:populations that live and spawn in lakes; and
439:The scientific name of the Arctic grayling is
1224:
332:(Weiss, Knizhin, Kirillov & Froufe, 2006)
819:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135593A4155692.en
739:population in the upper Missouri river basin
466:originates from the faint smell of the herb
443:. It was named in 1776 by German zoologist
1179:EcoRover blog about Big Hole River grayling
650:populations that live and spawn in rivers;
407:, an introduced population is found in the
1231:
1217:
66:
47:
38:
817:
1238:
1007:"Arctic Grayling: Sailfish Of The North"
861:Ingram, A.; Ibbotson, A.; Gallagher, M.
687:
525:
477:
423:in Utah, as well as alpine lakes of the
1142:
947:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1739:
19:For the butterfly with this name, see
1378:
1377:
1212:
1055:
1767:Freshwater fish of the United States
1724:3F02C369-433F-4497-AF21-8B967037A59A
1507:f3394de2-1c2d-4686-9cf9-b8ea1ef30c9d
1747:IUCN Red List least concern species
805:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
921:. Globe Pequot. pp. 157–162.
794:Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008).
14:
1808:
1782:Fish of the Western United States
1203:Alaska State Publications Program
1193:Alaska State Publications Program
1172:
1056:House, Kelly (October 12, 2023).
470:, which emanates from the flesh.
1797:Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas
1352:
765:, it is raised commercially for
91:
1075:
1049:
1024:
724:
999:
959:
935:
904:
883:
854:
833:
747:US Fish & Wildlife Service
681:and the immature fish feed on
482:Arctic grayling caught in the
473:
1:
1757:Freshwater fish of the Arctic
641:
375:is widespread throughout the
1787:Fauna of the Rocky Mountains
7:
1166:distinct population segment
434:
329:Thymallus arcticus lenensis
321:Thymallus tricolor montanus
305:Thymallus signifer tricolor
241:Thymallus arcticus arcticus
10:
1813:
18:
1680:
1386:
1361:
1350:
1271:Thymallus baicalolenensis
1250:
451:first given to grayling (
425:Boulder Mountains (Idaho)
419:and in lakes in the high
224:previous scientific names
218:
211:
193:
186:
88:Scientific classification
86:
64:
55:
46:
37:
32:
1160:. February 2012 version.
1146:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
893:. U.S. Geological Survey
776:
521:
1762:Freshwater fish of Asia
1339:Montana Arctic grayling
1299:Yellow-spotted grayling
1278:Thymallus brevicephalus
734:of threatened species.
632:Sierra Nevada Mountains
614:including lakes in the
606:in some tributaries of
576:Montana Arctic grayling
411:and other lakes in the
403:. In the U.S. state of
395:, as well as the upper
1792:Fish described in 1776
1324:Upper Yenisei grayling
1319:East Siberian grayling
1038:. Natureserve Explorer
743:Endangered Species Act
697:
535:
487:
273:Coregonus thymalloides
1083:"arctic grayling web"
812:: e.T135593A4155692.
691:
582:, a tributary of the
560:Columbia river basins
529:
481:
462:by Swedish zoologist
1502:Fauna Europaea (new)
1289:Thymallus burejensis
1121:on November 12, 2017
987:on November 28, 2016
981:"Thymallus arcticus"
943:"Thymallus arcticus"
502:) by the absence of
292:(Valenciennes, 1848)
289:Thymalus ontariensis
1334:Lower Amur grayling
865:Thymallus thymallus
685:and insect larvae.
455:) described in the
58:Conservation status
1432:Thymallus_arcticus
1418:Thymallus arcticus
1388:Thymallus arcticus
1309:Kamchatka grayling
1284:Mongolian grayling
1150:Thymallus arcticus
1034:Thymallus arcticus
969:Kenneth Lee Graham
798:Thymallus arcticus
763:Alaska North Slope
698:
536:
532:Thymallus arcticus
488:
445:Peter Simon Pallas
441:Thymallus arcticus
350:Thymallus arcticus
313:Thymallus montanus
297:Thymallus tricolor
284:(Richardson, 1823)
281:Salmo thymalloides
276:(Richardson, 1823)
268:(Richardson, 1823)
265:Thymallus signifer
260:(Richardson, 1823)
252:(Richardson, 1823)
249:Coregonus signifer
197:Thymallus arcticus
1734:
1733:
1642:Open Tree of Life
1380:Taxon identifiers
1371:
1370:
1329:European grayling
1255:Adriatic grayling
928:978-1-59921-203-6
912:Behnke, Robert J.
696:, Paxson, Alaska.
628:Cascade Mountains
602:drainages and in
496:European grayling
341:
340:
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325:
317:
309:
301:
293:
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277:
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261:
253:
245:
237:
226:
81:
1804:
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1510:
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1458:
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1444:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1375:
1374:
1356:
1314:Kosogol grayling
1233:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1161:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1089:. Archived from
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1062:www.bridgemi.com
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
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992:
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939:
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871:
858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
821:
791:
634:as far south as
584:Beaverhead River
566:drainage in the
552:British Columbia
457:1758 edition of
334:
331:
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238:
235:
222:
199:
179:T. arcticus
96:
95:
75:
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69:
51:
42:
33:Arctic grayling
30:
29:
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1807:
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1803:
1802:
1801:
1737:
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1440:
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1416:
1415:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1382:
1372:
1367:
1357:
1348:
1265:Baikal grayling
1260:Arctic grayling
1246:
1237:
1175:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1081:
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1030:
1029:
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1005:
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
979:
978:
974:
966:Fishing Wyoming
964:
960:
951:
949:
941:
940:
936:
929:
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905:
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889:
888:
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859:
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846:
844:
839:
838:
834:
824:
822:
792:
788:
779:
727:
644:
624:Uinta Mountains
612:Rocky Mountains
604:European Russia
524:
476:
459:Systema Naturae
437:
421:Uinta Mountains
413:White Mountains
359:freshwater fish
345:Arctic grayling
337:
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295:
287:
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90:
82:
71:
67:
60:
26:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Fish of Russia
1774:
1772:Fish of Canada
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1702:
1686:
1684:
1682:Salmo arcticus
1678:
1677:
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1674:
1661:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1602:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1511:
1498:
1489:Fauna Europaea
1485:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1436:
1423:
1408:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1383:
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1368:
1362:
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1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Loire grayling
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1236:
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1207:
1206:
1196:
1186:
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1174:
1173:External links
1171:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1144:Froese, Rainer
1139:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1096:
1093:on 2007-08-16.
1074:
1048:
1023:
1011:www.denali.org
998:
972:
958:
934:
927:
918:Trout Magazine
903:
882:
853:
832:
785:
784:
783:
778:
775:
761:people of the
751:Big Hole River
726:
723:
643:
640:
572:Red Rock basin
568:Big Hole River
564:Missouri River
523:
520:
516:T. a. arcticus
484:Colville River
475:
472:
436:
433:
397:Missouri River
339:
338:
336:
335:
324:(Milner, 1874)
316:(Milner, 1874)
257:Salmo signifer
244:(Pallas, 1776)
236:(Pallas, 1776)
233:Salmo arcticus
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135:Actinopterygii
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1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1344:Yalu grayling
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:Amur grayling
1292:
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1002:
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786:
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774:
772:
771:Sport fishing
768:
764:
760:
755:
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748:
745:(ESA) by the
744:
740:
735:
733:
732:IUCN Red List
722:
720:
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712:
708:
704:
695:
694:Gulkana River
690:
686:
684:
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656:potamodromous
653:
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622:and the high
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620:central Idaho
617:
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1125:November 11,
1123:. Retrieved
1116:the original
1091:the original
1086:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1051:
1040:. Retrieved
1033:
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:
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989:. Retrieved
985:the original
975:
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950:. Retrieved
937:
919:
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895:. Retrieved
885:
874:. Retrieved
864:
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845:. Retrieved
835:
823:. Retrieved
809:
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789:
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737:The fluvial
736:
728:
725:Conservation
699:
674:
660:
645:
618:in Wyoming,
542:, Canada to
537:
531:
515:
500:T. thymallus
499:
489:
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453:T. thymallus
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1616:NatureServe
1541:iNaturalist
1412:Wikispecies
1087:www.fws.gov
1067:19 November
1016:19 November
867:(Linnaeus)"
825:19 November
773:in Alaska.
683:zooplankton
679:piscivorous
675:T. arcticus
669:and insect
663:Crustaceans
616:Teton Range
588:Great Lakes
512:iridescence
474:Description
417:Teton Range
373:T. arcticus
22:Oeneis bore
1741:Categories
1697:Q122991525
1365:Salmonidae
1239:Grayling (
1201:Hosted by
1191:Hosted by
1042:2014-02-28
952:2014-02-27
897:2014-02-27
876:2014-02-27
847:2014-02-26
843:. Fishbase
652:lacustrine
642:Life cycle
580:Ruby River
540:Hudson Bay
492:thymalline
409:Lee Valley
369:Salmonidae
155:Salmonidae
1752:Thymallus
1242:Thymallus
782:Citations
626:in Utah,
590:basin in
486:of Alaska
449:Thymallus
173:Species:
166:Thymallus
111:Kingdom:
105:Eukaryota
1691:Wikidata
1621:2.105890
1559:11188892
1515:FishBase
1439:BioLib:
1397:Wikidata
1363:Family:
1157:FishBase
592:Michigan
435:Taxonomy
213:Synonyms
151:Family:
125:Chordata
121:Phylum:
115:Animalia
101:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
1719:ZooBank
1711:4409511
1533:5711974
1137:Sources
991:May 21,
759:Iñupiat
711:zygotes
677:become
667:insects
648:fluvial
636:Arizona
600:Yenisei
548:Alberta
534:in U.S.
405:Arizona
401:Montana
393:Siberia
381:Pacific
361:in the
355:species
353:) is a
161:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
76: (
1670:254571
1657:173824
1654:uBio:
1647:713375
1598:135593
1585:162016
1494:304780
1481:204794
1403:Q81014
925:
719:shoals
671:larvae
556:Fraser
544:Alaska
504:dorsal
391:, and
389:Alaska
385:Canada
377:Arctic
366:family
363:salmon
206:, 1776
204:Pallas
1665:WoRMS
1634:70285
1605:NAS:
1572:61093
1554:IRMNG
1546:51361
1468:56Q7X
1455:71161
1442:15828
1119:(PDF)
1112:(PDF)
870:(PDF)
777:Notes
522:Range
468:thyme
1706:GBIF
1629:NCBI
1593:IUCN
1580:ITIS
1528:GBIF
1520:2693
1450:BOLD
1127:2017
1069:2023
1018:2023
993:2017
923:ISBN
827:2021
810:2008
767:food
715:yolk
705:and
703:milt
630:and
570:and
558:and
550:and
508:anal
506:and
379:and
371:.
343:The
1608:943
1567:ISC
1476:EoL
1463:CoL
1427:ADW
814:doi
707:roe
598:to
427:in
357:of
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1099:^
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25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
