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1453:'s residence during the colonial period. It is believed to have been built in the 16th century, though its surrounding environment has changed significantly. It was originally on a sloping site and had several stories. Its original ground floor, somewhat like a basement, contained storerooms, kitchens, stables, and shops along its exterior, but these have since disappeared and the floor above it has become the ground floor. The main building is a two-story structure centered around an internal square courtyard (the
1722:
808:
2116:
1943:
2221:. The mosque minarets in this region are distinctive from those of other regions: they are tall and have a square base, but they taper towards the summit and are crowned with "horn"-like corners. The houses are typically entered via a bent or winding passage that leads to a central courtyard on the ground floor, with a gallery typically surrounding this space on the upper floor. Sections of the house sometimes overhang above the street and are supported by stone
2106:, are constructed of stone and have pitched, tiled roofs. Kabyle houses are also built in sections; as the family expands additional sections can be added. The ground floor of a typical kabyle dwelling is divided into two sections, the first, darker section, is used to house animals while the other, illuminated end, is used for cooking, weaving, and receiving guests. A small attic above the livestock quarters is traditionally used as a bedroom during the winter.
1754:
1180:
647:, which may date from the time of Juba II. This structure consists of a stone tumulus, decorative columns, and spiral pathways that lead to a single interior chamber. A number of "tower tombs" from the Numidian period can also be found in sites from Algeria to Libya. Despite their wide geographic range, they often share a similar style: usually a three-story structure topped by a convex pyramid. They may have initially been inspired by
41:
1396:(d. 1792), built two madrasas in that city: the Madrasa of Sidi el-Kettani in 1775 and the Madrasa of Sidi al-Akhdar in 1779. Although not as elaborate as earlier medieval madrasas in the Maghreb, one of the madrasas is distinguished by the attachment of a mausoleum containing the remains of Salah Bey and some of his family. The practice of attaching the mausoleum of a ruler or political patron to a madrasa he founded was common in
2186:
847:
953:), which was occupied seasonally by its semi-nomadic inhabitants. It was destroyed by the Fatimids in 909 but its remains were excavated in the 20th century. The city was surrounded by a fortified wall interspersed with square towers. It contained a hypostyle mosque, a fortified citadel on higher ground, and a palace structure with a large courtyard similar to the design of traditional houses.
2092:, consists of flat-roofed mud brick houses with stone foundations. The ground floors of chaoui homes contain a central room used for sleeping with a hearth, weaving station, storage room, and water receptacles. These dwellings are sometimes built directly against other houses or rocks, in order to improve the efficiency of construction and reduce the costs of building materials.
1442:, however, most of the lower city of Algiers, including the Dar al-Sultan and its mosque, was demolished and replaced with European style streets and buildings. As a result, most of the pre-19th-century historic fabric of the city remaining today is found in the upper city, now known as the Casbah (the name being applied generally rather than only to the former citadel).
1222:, which was originally founded in the early 17th century, was rebuilt by Baba Hassan in 1794 with a floor plan nearly identical to the Ali Bitchin Mosque. In 1832, it was converted to a cathedral and from 1848 it was radically remodeled, resulting in its very different form and appearance today. Several other mosques in Algiers have (or had) a similar floor plan: the
1051:(1145) are all important foundations from the Almoravid period. The Almoravid period, along with the subsequent Almohad period, is considered one of the most formative stages of "Moorish" (western Islamic) architecture, establishing many of the forms and motifs that defined architectural styles in the region during the subsequent centuries.
1632:
The majority of French colonial urban planners and architects viewed themselves as tasked with the duty of remodeling
Algerian cities to mirror the regularity, symmetry, and public facilities characteristic of the French homeland; colonial governments designed new developments with straight lines and
1335:
has a more traditional western
Islamic form, with a horseshoe-arch shape and stucco decoration, although the decoration around it is crowned with Ottoman-style half-medallion and quarter-medallion shapes. The mosque's overall design and its details thus attest to an apparent mix of Ottoman, Maghrebi,
1203:
origin, in 1622. The mosque is built on top of a raised platform and was once associated with various annexes including a hospice, a hammam, and a mill. A minaret and public fountain stand at its northeast corner. The interior prayer hall is centered around a square space covered by a large octagonal
1497:
contained the largest janissary barracks in the city. It contained a mosque, warehouses, shops, and other buildings for military purposes. Its thick ramparts run a length of 530 metres, but were also integrated with the former city walls. A rounded bastion to the southwest helped to protect the city
1429:
of the city that year. According to some historical descriptions, the complex included two major courtyards. The second courtyard was smaller than the first one but contained at its center a large fountain with a square basin. In one corner of this courtyard a wide staircase gave access to a gallery
1379:
facilities, among other elements. However, contrary to common practice in other parts of the
Maghreb, the complex does not include a madrasa. The new mausoleum has a more Ottoman-style dome similar to those of other mosques mentioned above. A new minaret was also constructed with a unique design: a
1241:
The particular design of these mosques, with a large central dome flanked by lines of smaller domes on each side, was unprecedented in the
Maghreb before its appearance in 17th-century Algiers. The use of a large central dome, and other features such as having foundations on a raised platform, is a
1171:
Mosque architecture in
Algiers during this period demonstrates the convergence of multiple influences as well as peculiarities that may be attributed to the innovations of local architects. Domes of Ottoman influence were introduced into the design of mosques, but minarets generally continued to be
984:
in
Algeria). It is one of the oldest palaces in the Maghreb to have been discovered and excavated by archeologists today. It was built in stone and has a carefully-designed symmetrical plan which included a large central courtyard and two smaller courtyards in each of the side wings of the palace.
614:
A number of large scale funerary monuments and tombs built during the era are the most well documented examples of Berber kingdom architecture. The monuments combine a number of different architectural styles introduced by the
Carthaginians, frequently referencing Hellenistic and Punic motifs. The
1137:
was largely limited to the
Algerian coast and, in particular, the regional capital of Algiers. Algiers developed into a major town and witnessed regular architectural patronage, and as such most of the major monuments from this period are found there. By contrast, the city of Tlemcen, formerly a
1618:. Motivated by perceived military and cultural supremacy over their colonial subjects, the early French administration sought to radically transform the existing urban structures of Algerian cities to better allow for the logistics of military occupation and culturally mirror those of France.
1420:
The residential palace of the ruler in
Algiers, the Janina or Jenina ('Little Garden'), was situated at the center of a larger palatial complex known as the Dar as-Sultan in the lower part of the city. This complex served as the ruling palace until 1816, when the Dey moved to the
1461:
windows, and a fountain are used for decoration, with the decoration generally increasing in richness on the upper level. The rooms of the upper story are also grander and include the main reception hall. A grand staircase leads from the floor of this courtyard to an annex, the
1302:
spaces, with small domed or vaulted bays occupying the corners between these barrel vaults. The barrel-vaulted space on the north side of the dome (the entrance side) is elongated, giving the main vaulted spaces of the mosque a cross-like configuration resembling a
1470:, meaning a smaller house or apartment), which was partly demolished in the 19th century. The grand staircase itself is unusual in North African domestic architecture of this period and suggests that the builders may have been familiar with European architecture.
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1786:
together brought a period of architectural experimentation that pushed
Algerian architecture even further away from established European styles. During this period, Algeria emerged as a viable location for modernist experimentation among French architects. the
890:, cities were separated into public space (halal) and a private space reserved for women and families (harīm). Residential areas of cities additionally became increasingly segregated into religious quarters. As opposed to the exclusionary European
949:, founded the Mosque of Agadir on the site of Roman settlement of Pomeria (later to become Tlemcen), whose remains have been excavated by modern archaeologists. The Rustamids established a new capital for themselves at Tahart (near present-day
1001:. Although abandoned and destroyed in the 12th century, the city has been excavated by modern archeologists and the site is one of the best-preserved medieval Islamic capitals in the world, with multiple palaces and a monumental mosque.
1387:
Unlike contemporary dynasties in neighbouring Tunisia and Morocco, and unlike the earlier Zayyanids of Tlemcen, the rulers of Algiers built no major madrasas in their capital. Some were still built elsewhere. One of the governors of
1888:
1977:
through the eradication of French impacts upon Algeria; however, few architects within the country were prepared to design within a still ambiguous national identity divorced from the nation's history of colonization. Architect
1908:
1218:, the galleries are just one bay deep. The mosque was converted by the French into a church in 1834 and modified, but after Algerian independence it was converted back to a mosque and its original floor plan reconstructed. The
823:
1802:) was formed; the society advocated for modernism, dictating its adherents to build within the "principles of modern aesthetics." The following year, the city hosted the first Exhibition of Urbanism and Modern Architecture (
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1159:, with most houses having their own private cistern. The lower part of the city, near the shore, was the center of the Ottoman and Regency administration, containing the most important markets, mosques, wealthy residences,
1847:
Within the ultimate years of colonial Algeria, the French administration initiated the Constantine Plan of 1959 which pushed for increased development of social housing projects, particularly those for residents of slums
1438:, and contained at its center a jet fountain with an octagonal basin. Next to the palace was an official mosque, the al-Sa'ida Mosque, built by Muhammad Ibn 'Uthman in the 18th century (as mentioned above). After the
1589:), dating from the 16th century. A number of suburban and countryside villas have also been preserved outside the walled city, again characterized by internal courtyards. Between 1826 and 1835 the independent ruler
1692:
as Governor General. Lutaud advocated for the adoption of the colonial cultural policy of Algerian "association" with France over Algerian assimilation, dictating that public buildings be constructed in the hybrid
753:
The Romans built more than 500 towns and cities in what is now Algeria. When developing plans for their new cities, Roman engineers most frequently utilized an orthogonal, rectilinear grid plan characterized by a
1642:
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A number of other palaces or wealthy residences from the Ottoman period have also been preserved in Algeria, generally sharing some similar characteristics such as an entrance hall or corridor (called the
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1242:
clear connection with Ottoman architecture. However, the plan is quite different from the mosques of metropolitan Ottoman architecture in Istanbul and other Ottoman dynastic sites. Some scholars, such as
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section, as well as a treasury chamber, two mosques (the Dey Mosque and another mosque for the janissaries), a hammam, and kitchens. The most notable feature of the palace interior is a courtyard (the
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in 1296, also in Tlemcen. The Zayyanids built other religious foundations in and around the city, but many have not survived to the present day or have preserved little of their original appearance.
1844:. During this era, French colonial architects encountered significant disagreement with one another over differing philosophies of racial integration between French and native Algerian residents.
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or 'center of the house'). The courtyard is ringed on all four sides by a two-story gallery with pointed horseshoe arches supported on marble columns. Diverse ceramic tiles, carved stucco,
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gained control of Algeria. Under Ottoman rule, a hybrid style developed influenced by traditional Turkish styles, including central-plan mosques and glazed tile panels. The influence of
3957:
1517:), further developed the citadel into a residence and administrative center. In addition to the warehouses, stables, and other military facilities, the citadel acquired a council room (
4240:
4236:
1359:, a 15th-century Sufi scholar of great importance to Algiers, was covered by a vaulted mausoleum in 1611 which contained marble capitals and columns distinctly related to those of
1101:
dynasty, based in Fez, intermittently occupied Tlemcen and also left their mark on the area. During his siege of the city at the beginning of the 14th century, the Marinid ruler
3997:
677:
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623:, believed to date from the time of Masinissa. Possibly influenced by Greek architecture further east, or built with the help of Greek craftsmen, the tomb consists of a large
4112:
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suggests that it could have been a local architect who simply took the general idea of Ottoman mosque design as a starting point but developed his own interpretation of it.
57:
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mosques in the city. The mosque has a round central dome supported by four pillars, but instead of being surrounded by smaller domes it is flanked on four sides by wide
519:
gained control of coastal Algeria by the 5th century BC. The empire's influence on Algerian architecture is visible in the adoption of hybridized styles that integrated
2651:
1824:
During the 1950s and 60s, Algerian architecture, particularly that of Algiers, was characterized by new ideas of urban modernism influenced by Le Corbusier. Architects
1147:(the origin of the current name "Casbah"), occupied the highest point of the town. By the end of the 18th century the city had over 120 mosques, including over a dozen
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1208:. This space is surrounded on all four sides by galleries or aisles each covered by a line of smaller domes. On the west side of the central space this gallery is two
547:, Algeria saw increased urban development. "Numidian Royal Architecture" is the term coined for the monuments constructed by the Numidian kings, which comprise tombs,
1982:
served as a key figure in the subsequent process of development of a distinct Algerian architectural identity, releasing a series of writings including his 1966 book
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1097:, r. 1318–1337), were new institutions which were introduced to the Maghreb in the 13th century and proliferated under the Zayyanids and their contemporaries. The
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2001:
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style. In reference to Lutaud's policies, the combination of Moorish architecture with European architectural styles in Algeria is sometimes referred to as the
4127:
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Quinn, Josephine Crawley (2013-10-24). "Monumental power: 'Numidian Royal Architecture' in context". In Prag, Jonathan R. W.; Quinn, Josephine Crawley (eds.).
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1523:), a courtroom, and various government offices. A large octagonal building in the center of the citadel today was formerly a munitions factory. The
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During the 1930s, Algiers served as a hub for architectural intellectuals. In 1932, the Algiers branch of the Society of Modern Architects (SAM,
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766:(north-south oriented street). The two streets were capped with gates as each of their terminals and a forum stood at their intersection.
1818:
1489:, is better preserved than the Dar al-Sultan, but its character was more military than palatial. The fortress was begun on the orders of
1914:
1721:
1141:
Algiers was protected by a wall about 3.1 kilometres long, reinforced with bastions, and pierced by five gates. A citadel-fortress, the
777:
around 100 AD, is a well preserved example of Roman urban planning in Algeria. The city is laid out in an exact square, measuring 1,200
3047:
Hoexter, Miriam; Shuval, Tal (2007). "Algiers". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
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monuments but they constitute an original type of structure associated with Numidian culture. Examples of these have been found at
3150:
2983:
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1621:
The first buildings constructed by the French administration largely referenced a number of established European styles including
1294:) in Algiers. It was built in 1660–1661 by al-Hajj Habib, one of the Janissaries in Algiers, and became one of the most important
3010:
1187:(after recent restoration of the original floor plan), built in 1622, showing the main dome and side galleries with smaller domes
403:
3859:
1614:
of the nation. Early colonial Algerian architecture was characterized by French efforts at restructuring the Islamic city via
1577:, which projects outward from the house and could be richly decorated. Some further examples of residences in Algiers are the
3545:
Djiar, Kahina Amal (2009). "Symbolism and memory in architecture: Algerian anti-colonial resistance and the Algiers Casbah".
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1821:, included a series of developments built over the existing casbah around an ambitious set of elevated bridges and roadways.
993:, an offshoot of the Zirids, based themselves in Algeria and in 1007 they founded an entirely new fortified capital known as
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on all four sides. The city was further subdivided into square city blocks, each with an area of 100 square Roman feet.
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these developments have been criticized for allegedly providing residents poorer living conditions than their original
778:
181:
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annex. In large houses the major reception halls often had an arched alcove or small domed room at the back, called a
1493:
in 1516 and was completed in 1590, replacing an older citadel situated slightly downhill. Until the 19th century, the
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2255:"al-Madīnah or la ville? An architectural & urban "clash of civilizations" – the example of the city of Algiers"
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1973:
Immediately following Algerian independence in 1962, a significant effort was made by the nation's new authority to
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With the introduction of Islam to Algeria, the Algerian city experienced a reconstruction. In accordance with the
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built with square shafts instead of round or octagonal ones, thus retaining local tradition, unlike contemporary
1590:
1173:
1882:(originally Hotel de Ville de Djidjell, 1936, by Guérineau and Bastélica) integrated early modernist aesthetics
1836:
constructed a number of major modernist buildings within Algeria in the decades including housing developments
1626:
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Northern Algerian Berbers traditionally utilize two types of vernacular dwelling: the Chaoui house and Kabyle
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1347:
The minaret of the Zawiya of Sidi Abd ar-Rahman in Algiers, built in the late 18th century (photo circa 1899)
941:, was probably modified and renovated in later periods, including by the Zirids in the 11th century. In 790,
683:
640:
335:
901:
After the initial Muslim conquest, the region was controlled by multiple successive dynasties including the
4107:
1694:
1622:
969:
559:(30 BC – 25 AD). Evidence of urban planning during the kingdom of Mauretania has been found in neighboring
246:
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1537:) surrounded by a three-storey gallery. The area around the palace also contained two main gardens and an
1343:
1246:, suggested that the architects or patrons could have been influenced by Ottoman-era mosques built in the
1212:
deep (i.e. composed of two aisles instead of one), while on the other sides, including on the side of the
1788:
1114:
461:
65:
61:
3823:, 6 (1989), document A264, published online on December 1, 2012, accessed on April 10, 2020. URL :
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From the late 11th to early 13th centuries varying extents of Algerian territory were controlled by the
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period. Some structures in Caesarea have been dated or tentatively dated to Juba's time, including the
528:
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203:
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and other Ottoman provinces, where the "pencil"-shaped minaret was a symbol of Ottoman sovereignty.
600:
383:
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159:
3749:
Grabar, Henry S. (2013-10-14). "Reclaiming the city: changing urban meaning in Algiers after 1962".
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encompasses a diverse history influenced by a number of internal and external forces, including the
4147:
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3122:"Erasing the Ketchaoua Mosque: Catholicism, assimilation, and civic identity in France and Algeria"
2020:
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visible today were added at a later period. Inside the mosque is a raised platform, analogous to a
742:, six years later, Western Numidia was annexed as well. The two provinces were later combined with
242:
74:
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and had some connection with architects from Marrakesh. This was rebuilt in 1696 into the current
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Islamic conquest brought many of the hallmark features of Muslim cities to Algeria, including the
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Algeria's nature as a "sandbox" for architectural experimentation is perhaps best exemplified in
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1040:
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437:
367:
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Picard, Aleth (1994). "Architecture et urbanisme en Algérie. D'une rive à l'autre (1830-1962)".
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1230:(r. 1766–1791) and demolished by the French in 1832, and two other mosques built in or near the
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375:
331:
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Graebner, Seth (2007). "Contains Preservatives: Architecture and Memory in Colonial Algiers".
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right angles and established numerous public facilities including hospitals and post offices.
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In the subsequent decades, the formation of a new colonial academic elite and the advent of
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Roller, Duane W. (2003). "The artistic and cultural program of Juba and Kleopatra Selene".
1902:
sought to reinforce a sentiment of French-Algerian cooperation amid growing colonial unrest
1688:
Algerian colonial architecture saw a shift in the early 1900s with the 1903 appointment of
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1151:. Most of the city's inhabitants were provided with water through a system of five major
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Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269
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Only one example of architecture from the Dar al-Sultan complex has survived today, the
1307:. The mosque's minaret has a traditional form with a square shaft surmounted by a small
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Quinn, Josephine Crawley (2013). Prag, Jonathan R. W; Quinn, Josephine Crawley (eds.).
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The world of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: royal scholarship on Rome's African frontier
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1375:(religious funerary complex), which contained the mausoleum, a mosque, a hostel, and
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Olin, Laurie (Spring 2016). "Algerian Journal: Among the Ruins of Provincial Rome".
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1817:'s unimplemented 1932-1942 master plan for Algiers. The unofficial plan, entitled
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major capital, went into relative decline and saw far less architectural activity.
1110:
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929:), is reputedly the oldest Islamic monument in Algeria, as it contains the tomb of
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
1527:, on the northwest side of the citadel, contained private apartments, including a
1280:
in Algiers (1660): exterior view (left) and interior view of the main dome (right)
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Displaying the Orient: architecture of Islam at nineteenth-century world's fairs
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that led towards the throne of the ruler of Algiers. The gallery was lined with
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to the earlier Mosque of Agadir and the Great Mosque of Tlemcen. His successor,
551:
and sanctuaries. Urbanization is especially associated with the reigns of kings
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Neocolonialism and Built Heritage: Echoes of Empire in Africa, Asia, and Europe
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as a religious center. The city of Algiers, whose old district is known as the
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provinces of the empire, where many of the rulers of Algiers had originated.
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Orientalist Aesthetics: Art, Colonialism, and French North Africa, 1880-1930
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Planning Middle Eastern cities: an urban kaleidoscope in a globalizing world
1918:
3529:"Posting Power: The Algiers Grande Poste and French Colonial "Association""
2218:
2210:
1814:
1759:
1675:, 1858) is a prominent example of Byzantine Revival architecture in Algeria
1299:
1223:
985:
Some scholars believe this design imitated the now-lost Fatimid palaces of
743:
576:
572:
505:
493:
271:
3109:(7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 34.
2271:
2254:
3837:
3596:
3290:
Benouis, Farida (2022). "III.1.b The Citadel and the Palace of the Dey".
1507:
1458:
1235:
1196:
981:
632:
3698:
3574:
3413:
2595:
2513:
2206:
2190:
1942:
1629:. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 21st century,
1499:
1450:
1312:
1205:
1179:
1032:
544:
2985:
Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-Volume Set
1321:
in Ottoman mosques, standing under the main dome. The mosque's marble
1191:
The oldest surviving mosque from the Ottoman period in Algeria is the
2214:
1783:
1446:
1364:
1351:
As in the rest of the Maghreb, the tombs of major Muslim figures and
1304:
1160:
934:
922:
906:
698:
616:
592:
584:
552:
408:
3084:. Translated by Mill, Adair. Antique Collectors' Club. p. 585.
3714:"Alger, 1830-1980: chronique d'une historiographie en construction"
2803:
Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
2202:
2194:
1286:
The most notable example of Ottoman architecture in Algeria is the
1200:
660:
596:
295:
151:
143:
139:
135:
2185:
2138:
2122:
1226:, rebuilt in 1826, the al-Sai'da (or al-Sayyida) Mosque, built by
1069:
or Abd al-Wadid dynasty ruled from their main capital at Tlemcen.
40:
2103:
1538:
1308:
1156:
1086:
1074:
876:
846:
735:
644:
636:
624:
620:
564:
560:
556:
548:
540:
489:
287:
147:
3254:"Dar 'Aziza Bint al-Bay - Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum"
2982:
Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila S.; Blair, Sheila (2009-05-14).
2222:
1431:
1323:
1295:
1247:
1214:
1143:
986:
950:
938:
926:
891:
872:
830:
774:
770:
739:
656:
628:
608:
520:
3650:"From "Indigenous" to "Muslim" - e-flux Architecture - e-flux"
291:
3792:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Berber".
1529:
1518:
1163:
barracks, government buildings (like the mint), and palaces.
977:
887:
283:
3227:"Palace of the RaĂŻs - Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum"
3149:
Blair, Sheila S.; Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan M. (1995).
2070:
1416:(originally built in the 16th century but recently restored)
1113:(begun in 1303, only partly preserved today). Further east,
3342:"Dar Mustafa Pasha - Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum"
2620:
Une architecture de lumière: Les arts de l'Islam en Algérie
1925:, 1956) is an example of late colonial modernism in Algiers
1767:
1586:
1435:
1376:
1352:
868:
717:
Hellenistic and Punic motifs visible on the 2nd century BC
652:
2414:
Monumental power: 'Numidian Royal Architecture' in context
2327:
The Hellenistic West: Rethinking the Ancient Mediterranean
2217:. The structures here also make frequent use of domes and
2209:, has distinctive mosques and houses that are built using
1569:(central interior courtyard), a multi-story layout, and a
3471:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 164.
1597:
that includes courtyards and two large internal gardens.
531:
architecture into pre existing architectural traditions.
3825:
http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2582
3296:. Translated by Harter, Judy. Museum With No Frontiers.
1380:
square shaft whose exterior is wrapped in a three-level
1311:
structure. Its simple decoration includes tilework; the
686:
built in the late 1st century BC or early 1st century AD
2002:
University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene
894:, these quarters provided insular cultural centers for
595:
and the kind of architecture associated with the Roman
3794:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
3626:"Le Corbusier's Algerian Fantasy: Blocking the Casbah"
1336:
and European influences. As the architect is unknown,
875:
as a social center, and the mosque and accompanying
1593:(also known as Hajj Ahmed) in Constantine, built a
1412:Example of a traditional internal courtyard in the
1403:
968:In 934, while in the service of the Fatimid caliph
2555:
1073:(r. 1236–1283), the founder of the dynasty, added
863:Islam reached Algeria in the 7th century via the
4258:
3791:
3368:Palais et demeures d'Alger à la période ottomane
3293:An Architecture of Light: Islamic Art in Algeria
2330:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 179–215.
1808:Exposition d'urbanisme et d'architecture moderne
1581:, dated to 1799, and the residence known as the
1031:, Berber empires that ruled in North Africa and
3819:L. Golvin, « Architecture berbère »,
3394:Historical Reflections / RĂ©flexions Historiques
3148:
3107:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide
2981:
2648:Discover Islamic Art - Museum With No Frontiers
2673:"Mausoleum and Mosque of Sayyidī (Sidi) 'Uqba"
2622:. Museum With No Frontiers. 2017. p. 58.
2596:"The Architects of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya"
2205:region of Algeria, which includes the city of
1656:, 1850) was built in the Baroque Revival style
1610:In 1830, France invaded Algeria and began its
1449:, a small palace which was converted into the
534:
3853:
3432:Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée
3364:
3046:
2355:
2141:with stone foundation and brick walls visible
591:and developing it into a city with a regular
469:
3687:Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review
2356:Brett, Michael; Fentress, Elizabeth (1996).
2296:
1367:, suggesting that it may have resembled the
1355:were important religious sites. The tomb of
1238:right after his accession to power in 1818.
933:, dated to 686. The mosque itself, a simple
3718:Perspective. Actualité en Histoire de l'Art
3680:"Vernacular Housing Forms in North Algeria"
3152:The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250-1800
898:and Islamic life within the Algerian city.
3867:
3860:
3846:
3358:
2300:The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology
2297:Mitchell, Peter; Lane, Paul (2013-07-04).
2193:, an example of local architecture in the
1400:to the east, but uncommon in the Maghreb.
1105:built a nearby fortified settlement named
833:remains visible in the site's modern ruins
476:
462:
3725:
2270:
2071:Berber architecture and other local forms
1791:in Algiers is representative of the era.
1204:dome supported on four large pillars and
1166:
3499:
3391:
3318:"Qantara - Palace of the Dey of Algiers"
3104:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3008:
2914:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2530:A History of Roman Art, Enhanced Edition
2474:
2184:
1543:
1472:
1407:
1342:
1178:
1003:
955:
845:
3815:
3813:
3289:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3172:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2644:"Sidi 'Uqba (mosque, minaret and tomb)"
2526:
2153:Image of Kabyle akham presented at the
1502:moved the residence of the Deys to the
4259:
3748:
3711:
3677:
3526:
3464:
3429:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3221:
3219:
3119:
2946:
2899:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2799:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2383:
1327:is Ottoman in form and decorated with
937:structure similar to early mosques in
655:and Soumaa d'el Khroub, as well as at
587:) as their royal capital, renaming it
3841:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3544:
3425:
3423:
3248:
3246:
3195:
3079:
3029:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2826:
2788:
2767:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2410:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2323:
2252:
2084:. Shawia housing, traditional to the
1605:
960:Minaret and remains of the mosque at
705:was constructed in the 3rd century BC
539:Under the ancient Berber kingdoms of
3810:
3785:
3547:The Journal of North African Studies
3185:. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques.
3169:
2893:
2889:. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques.
2562:. Cornell University Press. p.
2553:
2499:
2379:
2377:
2292:
2290:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2062:(KSP JĂĽrgen Engel Architekten, 2012)
1937:
1933:
1193:Ali Bitchin (or 'Ali Bitshin) Mosque
841:
668:Numidian architecture in the Maghreb
3270:
3216:
3189:
3183:L'architecture musulmane d'Occident
3098:
2908:
2887:L'architecture musulmane d'Occident
2847:
2820:
2075:
1548:View of an interior gallery in the
1434:columns on either side, paved with
511:
13:
3666:
3642:
3623:
3420:
3243:
3012:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
2935:
2694:
2583:
2344:
1054:
182:Sahara International Film Festival
14:
4278:
3833:
3595:
2918:The Almoravid and Almohad Empires
2374:
2287:
2235:
1747:(J. Voinot and M. Tondoire, 1910)
1124:
865:Arab conquest of Northern Africa.
4168:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3938:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3527:Hewitt, Liane (April 22, 2017).
2533:. Cengage Learning. p. 18.
2162:
2146:
2130:
2114:
2052:
2032:
2013:
1994:
1941:
1915:Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur d'Alger
1907:
1887:
1872:
1800:Société des architectes modernes
1752:
1736:
1720:
1661:
1641:
1404:Palace and domestic architecture
1266:
1257:
1109:, which includes the monumental
822:
806:
794:
760:(east-west oriented street) and
710:
691:
676:
639:. Another famous example is the
39:
3742:
3705:
3617:
3601:"From "Indigenous" to "Muslim""
3589:
3538:
3520:
3493:
3458:
3385:
3334:
3310:
3142:
3124:. In Coslett, Daniel E. (ed.).
3113:
3073:
3009:Petersen, Andrew (2002-03-11).
3002:
2975:
2683:from the original on 2022-01-11
2665:
2654:from the original on 2020-02-17
2636:
2612:
2547:
2527:Kleiner, Fred S. (2010-02-04).
2390:. Routledge. pp. 119–162.
2102:homes, built by the Berbers of
1600:
1512:
1357:Sidi Abd ar-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
1195:in Algiers, commissioned by an
1174:architecture in Ottoman Tunisia
3500:Benjamin, Roger (2003-02-03).
3128:. Routledge. pp. 94–100.
2921:. Edinburgh University Press.
2578:roman architecture in algeria.
2520:
2493:
2468:
2404:
2317:
746:to form the Roman province of
635:columns and an Egyptian-style
498:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
1:
3712:Chérif, Nabila (2017-12-31).
3049:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
2502:SiteLINES: A Journal of Place
2228:
1683:
1278:New Mosque (Djama' el-Djedid)
883:, developed during this era.
786:Roman architecture in Algeria
738:in 46 BC. After the death of
701:mausoleum of king Madghis in
684:Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
659:(in present-day Tunisia) and
641:Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
3506:. Univ of California Press.
2426:10.1017/cbo9781139505987.008
2039:Martyrs' Memorial, Algiers (
1986:that addressed the subject.
1777:
1081:(r. 1283–1304), founded the
1015:in 1082 and expanded by the
871:as a commercial center, the
729:
631:masonry and featuring sixty
7:
3796:. Oxford University Press.
3196:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
3105:Williams, Caroline (2018).
2947:Hadjri, Karim (July 2004).
2915:Bennison, Amira K. (2016).
2827:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
2806:. Oxford University Press.
2768:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
2303:. OUP Oxford. p. 768.
2253:Kobis, Rafał (2018-01-20).
1654:Charles Frédéric Chassériau
997:, northeast of present-day
734:The Romans annexed eastern
535:Royal Numidian architecture
372:Rugby union (national team)
10:
4283:
3720:(in French) (2): 131–152.
1477:Interior courtyard in the
1058:
980:(near the present town of
856:
801:Roman bridge in El Kantara
360:Basketball (national team)
4181:
4156:
3875:
3559:10.1080/13629380802343657
3202:. Yale University Press.
3181:Marçais, Georges (1954).
3155:. Yale University Press.
2885:Marçais, Georges (1954).
2833:. Yale University Press.
2774:. Yale University Press.
1491:Oruç (or Aruj) Barbarossa
3923:Central African Republic
3763:10.1177/1474474013506361
3727:10.4000/perspective.7596
3346:islamicart.museumwnf.org
3258:islamicart.museumwnf.org
3231:islamicart.museumwnf.org
2475:Davidson, Basil (1995).
2259:Urban Development Issues
2180:
2021:Constantine 1 University
1856:(relocation cities) and
1506:in 1816, his successor,
1466:(also transliterated as
1197:admiral of the same name
1119:Mosque of Sidi Bu Madyan
1083:Mosque of Sidi Bel Hasan
1065:After the Almohads, the
721:(in present-day Tunisia)
627:constructed in well-cut
583:. They used Iol (modern
567:. Juba II and his wife,
4267:Architecture in Algeria
3869:Architecture of Africa
3444:10.3406/remmm.1994.1671
2900:Salmon, Xavier (2018).
2095:Unlike chaoui dwellings
1727:L'hôtel de Préfecture (
1485:The upper citadel, the
1440:French conquest in 1830
1049:Great Mosque of Nedroma
1045:Great Mosque of Algiers
1041:Great Mosque of Tlemcen
1009:Great Mosque of Tlemcen
376:Tennis (Davis Cup team)
3678:Hadjri, Karim (1993).
3465:Zeynep, Çelik (1992).
3371:. Édisud. p. 11.
3365:Lucien Golvin (1988).
3120:Ghoche, Ralph (2020).
2800:Arnold, Felix (2017).
2198:
2189:The central mosque in
2155:Exposition Universelle
1807:
1799:
1709:
1557:
1482:
1447:Dar 'Aziza Bint al-Bey
1417:
1348:
1188:
1167:Religious architecture
1149:congregational mosques
1020:
965:
854:
829:The uniform layout of
579:and promoters of late
4083:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3943:Republic of the Congo
3080:Kuban, DoÄźan (2010).
2272:10.1515/udi-2017-0009
2188:
2169:Old Kabyle houses in
1980:Abderrahmane Bouchama
1547:
1476:
1411:
1346:
1182:
1061:Zayyanid architecture
1047:(1096–1097), and the
1007:
959:
945:, the founder of the
857:Further information:
849:
506:Algerian independence
380:Tennis (Fed Cup team)
3821:Encyclopédie berbère
3751:Cultural Geographies
3082:Ottoman Architecture
2554:Sear, Frank (1983).
2420:. pp. 179–215.
1984:L'Arceau qui chante,
1894:The architecture of
1745:Grande Poste d'Alger
1669:Notre Dame d'Afrique
1616:military engineering
1498:on this side. After
1228:Muhammad Ibn 'Uthman
1135:Ottoman architecture
921:, in the village of
859:Moorish architecture
748:Africa Proconsularis
555:(202 BC–148 BC) and
504:, and movements for
488:The architecture of
404:World Heritage Sites
4158:States with limited
3605:e-flux Architecture
3322:www.qantara-med.org
2137:Chaoui building in
1854:cites de recasement
1550:Palace of Ahmed Bey
1427:British bombardment
1305:Christian cathedral
1035:(Muslim-controlled
995:Qala'at Bani Hammad
972:, the Zirid leader
919:Mosque of Sidi Uqba
719:Mausoleum of Dougga
615:oldest of these is
581:Hellenistic culture
502:French colonization
263:and performing arts
2558:Roman Architecture
2199:
1953:. You can help by
1731:, 1908) in Algiers
1606:Early colonial era
1595:palace for himself
1579:Dar Mustapha Pasha
1558:
1483:
1418:
1349:
1189:
1185:Ali Bitchin Mosque
1091:Madrasa Tashfiniya
1021:
976:built a palace at
966:
962:Qal'at Bani Hammad
855:
32:Culture of Algeria
4254:
4253:
4185:other territories
3958:Equatorial Guinea
3135:978-0-429-76951-1
2904:. Paris: LienArt.
2629:978-3-902782-22-9
2486:978-0-684-82667-7
2477:Africa in History
2337:978-1-107-78292-1
2060:Djamaa el DjazaĂŻr
1971:
1970:
1934:Post colonial era
1789:Government Palace
1650:Theatre municipal
1627:Byzantine Revival
1525:Palace of the Dey
1479:Palace of the Dey
1183:Elevation of the
1155:and thousands of
1079:Abu Sa'id 'Uthman
1037:Iberian Peninsula
1011:, founded by the
852:Casbah of Algiers
842:Early Islamic era
815:Diana Veteranorum
773:, established by
486:
485:
4274:
4246:
4245:(United Kingdom)
4241:Tristan da Cunha
4237:Ascension Island
4229:
4216:
4207:
4183:Dependencies and
3876:Sovereign states
3862:
3855:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3827:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3684:
3675:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3362:
3356:
3355:
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3352:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
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3314:
3308:
3307:
3287:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3167:
3166:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3044:
3027:
3026:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2944:
2933:
2932:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2897:
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2890:
2882:
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2844:
2824:
2818:
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2797:
2786:
2785:
2765:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
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2640:
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2633:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2592:
2581:
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2561:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2419:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2353:
2342:
2341:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2250:
2166:
2150:
2134:
2121:Chaoui house in
2118:
2076:Northern Algeria
2056:
2045:Marian Konieczny
2036:
2017:
1998:
1966:
1963:
1945:
1938:
1911:
1896:Fernand Pouillon
1891:
1876:
1842:Climat de France
1834:Fernand Pouillon
1826:Bernard Zehrfuss
1756:
1740:
1724:
1665:
1645:
1516:
1515: 1818–1830
1514:
1363:architecture in
1292:Djamaa el-Djedid
1270:
1261:
1220:Ketchaoua Mosque
826:
810:
798:
714:
695:
680:
569:Cleopatra Selene
517:Ancient Carthage
512:Ancient Carthage
478:
471:
464:
66:Economic history
62:Military history
58:Maritime history
43:
34:
18:
17:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4227:
4214:
4205:
4186:
4184:
4177:
4161:
4159:
4152:
3871:
3866:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3790:
3786:
3747:
3743:
3710:
3706:
3682:
3676:
3667:
3658:
3656:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3634:
3632:
3624:Ackley, Brian.
3622:
3618:
3609:
3607:
3594:
3590:
3543:
3539:
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2213:and completely
2183:
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2171:Bejaia Province
2167:
2158:
2151:
2142:
2135:
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2018:
2009:
1999:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1951:needs expansion
1936:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1923:Jean Le Couteur
1912:
1903:
1900:Diar el Mahçoul
1892:
1883:
1880:Jijel Town Hall
1877:
1838:Diar El Mahcoul
1780:
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1741:
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1725:
1695:Moorish Revival
1686:
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1676:
1673:J. E. Fromageau
1666:
1657:
1646:
1623:Baroque Revival
1608:
1603:
1585:(Palace of the
1583:Palais des Rais
1511:
1414:Palais des Rais
1406:
1318:mĂĽezzin mahfili
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1272:
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1263:
1262:
1244:Georges Marçais
1199:, a convert of
1169:
1127:
1111:Mansurah Mosque
1063:
1057:
1055:Zayyanid period
947:Idrisid dynasty
861:
844:
839:
838:
837:
834:
827:
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817:built in 217 CE
811:
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732:
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619:in present-day
537:
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443:National anthem
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178:Public holidays
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3834:External links
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3757:(3): 389–409.
3741:
3704:
3665:
3654:www.e-flux.com
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3553:(2): 185–202.
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2479:. p. 50.
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2019:
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2006:Oscar Niemeyer
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1338:Jonathan Bloom
1300:barrel-vaulted
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1131:Ottoman Empire
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1125:Ottoman period
1123:
1089:, such as the
1059:Main article:
1056:
1053:
974:Ziri ibn Manad
964:(11th century)
850:Street in the
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703:Batna Province
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4001:
3999:
3998:Guinea-Bissau
3996:
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3991:
3989:
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3803:9780195309911
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3513:9780520924406
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3426:
3424:
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3395:
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3380:
3378:9782857443070
3374:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3305:
3303:9783902782229
3299:
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3259:
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3209:9780300218701
3205:
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3162:9780300064650
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3101:
3093:
3091:9781851496044
3087:
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3058:9789004150171
3054:
3050:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3022:9781134613656
3018:
3015:. Routledge.
3014:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2995:9780195309911
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2987:
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2397:9781134402960
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2367:9780631207672
2363:
2360:. Blackwell.
2359:
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2329:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2310:9780191626142
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2220:
2219:barrel vaults
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2041:Bachir Yelles
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1949:This section
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:
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1920:
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1713:
1711:
1710:Style Jonnart
1707:
1703:
1702:Jonnart style
1699:
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1655:
1651:
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1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:colonial rule
1598:
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1436:ceramic tiles
1433:
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1415:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:Saadian Tombs
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1331:details. The
1330:
1326:
1325:
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1095:Abu Tashfin I
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931:Uqba ibn Nafi
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