1249:(increasing Arabic education and the use of Arabic in professional institutions) had failed to come to fruition: French remained the language of the political elite and French speaking students were prioritised for jobs. Thus, the movement began spreading to university campuses where it was encouraged by the state as a counterbalance to left-wing student movements. By the 1980s, the movement had become even stronger, and bloody clashes erupted at the
1454:
53:
44:
1440:
180:
1260:
The rise of
Islamism had a significant impact on Algerian society. More women began wearing the veil, some because they had become more conservative religiously and others because the veil kept them from being harassed on the streets, on campuses, or at work. Islamists also prevented the enactment of
1233:
party) of the 1990s. Al Qiyam called for a more dominant role for Islam in
Algeria's legal and political systems and opposed what it saw as Western practices in the social and cultural life of Algerians. This proved to be the most difficult challenge for the immediate post-independent regimes as they
1207:
After independence the
Algerian government asserted state control over religious activities for purposes of national consolidation and political control. Islam became the religion of the state in the new constitution (Article 2), and was the religion of its leaders. The state monopolized the building
1115:
Soon after arriving in
Algeria, the French colonial regime set about undermining traditional Muslim Algerian culture. By French law Muslims could not hold public meetings, carry firearms, or leave their homes or villages without permission. Legally, they were French subjects, but to become French
1234:
tried to incorporate an
Islamic national identity alongside socialist policies. Whereas the new leaders of Algeria saw Islam and Socialism as both compatible and features of Algerian culture and society; radical Islamists saw Islam as the only defining characteristic and in fact incompatible.
907:
Valley region. Islam provides the society with its central social and cultural identity and gives most individuals their basic ethical and attitudinal orientation. Orthodox observance of the faith is much less widespread and steadfast than is identification with Islam. There are also
1139:
and the saint cults, they believed in voodoo dolls, and urged the importance of Arabic and
Islamic education; his disciples founded an extensive network of schools, and rapidly brought the saint cults into widespread disrepute, making Algerian Islam substantially more orthodox.
175:
1264:
After the
Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) won the 1991 elections, and was then banned after the elections' cancellation by the military, the tensions between Islamists and the government erupted into open fighting, which lasted some 10 years in the course of which some
132:
1216:, or sermon, was issued to them by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. That ministry also administered religious property (the habus), provided for religious education and training in schools, and created special institutes for Islamic learning. Islamic law (
84:
108:
256:
192:
204:
1077:
represented in the
Regency. Major towns had both Hanafi and Maliki mosques, while the Ibadi community had their own mosques and, especially, cemeteries. The dual Hanafi/Maliki system was maintained under French colonial regime.
1244:
became president in 1979. Chadli's regime was much more tolerant with
Islamists, and with Algeria in the midst of an socio-economic crisis including unemployment and inflation, social tensions were high. Policies of
629:
636:
624:
713:
96:
1222:) principles were introduced into family law in particular, while remaining absent from most of the legal code; thus, for example, while Muslim women were banned from marrying non-Muslims (by the
725:
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period, unlike the Maliki
Algerian masses, the Ottoman-Algerians remained affiliated with the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence. The judicial system was headed by one mufti for each of the
103:
187:
1229:
Those measures, however, did not satisfy everyone. As early as 1964 a militant Islamic movement, called Al Qiyam (values), emerged and became the precursor of the Islamic Salvation Front (
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127:
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120:
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largely contained militant Islamism during his reign, although it remained throughout the 1970s under a different name and with a new organization. Following Boumediene's death,
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79:
672:
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was particularly notable for his campaign to keep the French out. Even after his defeat, rebellions continued to be mounted until at least 1870, notably that of Cheikh
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2223:
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in November 1982. The violence resulted in the state's cracking down on the movement, a confrontation that would intensify throughout the 1980s and early 1990s.
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91:
1714:
Dr Jonathan N.C. Hill (2006) Identity and instability in postcolonial Algeria, The Journal of North African Studies, 11:1, 1-16, DOI: 10.1080/13629380500409735
1705:
Dr Jonathan N.C. Hill (2006) Identity and instability in postcolonial Algeria, The Journal of North African Studies, 11:1, 1-16, DOI: 10.1080/13629380500409735
1385:
fluctuates according to circumstance; in the 2002 elections, legal Islamist parties received some 20% of the seats in the National Assembly, way down from the
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67:
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to wreak havoc on the region, but were incapable of controlling it; Shiism rapidly dwindled, and became virtually non-existent in the area.
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Virtually the only rite practised in Algeria is the Malikite; there are a few followers of the HanafI rite among people of Turkish descent
1428:, which has decided to take action by strengthening the monitoring and control of places targeted by the radical Islamists for recruits.
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Islam took longer to spread to the far south of Algeria, whose history is to a large extent separate: only in the 15th century were the
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were zealously orthodox, and under their rule Algeria gradually acquired its notable religious homogeneity. Sunni Islam and the Maliki
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460:
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have retreated considerably, but remain in some areas. Algerians have a Muslim tradition of patron saints, although it is viewed as
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in 909, but their doctrine was re-established further south by refugees whose descendants would ultimately found the towns of the
641:
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by Salafis and Wahhabis. The most famous saints who remain local patrons of the cities where their tombs are situated are
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850:
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itself, they sought to combine their new Islam with resistance to the Caliphate's foreign rule - a niche which the
363:
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1208:
of mosques, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs controlled an estimated 5,000 public mosques by the mid-1980s.
1116:
citizens, with full rights, they had to renounce Islamic law. Few did so. The land of Islamic charitable trusts (
1613:
1143:
The discrimination against Islam led it to be a strong element of the resistance movement to the French in the
677:
1372:
1270:
1277:- and were allowed by the government to contest later elections. In recent years, the Civil Harmony Act and
1402:
1376:
1274:
1144:
485:
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1135:
would go some way to reversing these trends. Beginning in the 1910s, he preached against the traditional
1105:
1948:
1843:
1676:
1473:
1100:. Their attempts to rule the rest of the country met stiff opposition, often religiously inspired: the
1019:
doctrine remained unpopular in most of North Africa, and the Fatimids themselves abandoned Algeria for
599:
388:
381:
30:
1128:- regarded with suspicion as centers of potential resistance - collapsed, and the literacy rate fell.
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604:
665:
614:
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50% in 1991. Conversely, there is strong anti-Islamist sentiment from secular parties such as the
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1483:
1398:
1386:
1366:
1198:
926:
1988:
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became virtually universal, apart from the Ibadhis of the M'zab and small Jewish communities.
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2088:
1893:
1836:
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as soon as they could, leaving North Africa to a dynasty only nominally subject to them, the
619:
246:
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1993:
1923:
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have been passed, providing an amnesty for most crimes committed in the course of the war.
1223:
1132:
953:, in a drawn-out process of conquest and conversion stretching from 670 to 711. The native
771:
1120:) was regarded as government property and confiscated. Much of the network of traditional
8:
2163:
2083:
2048:
2033:
2018:
1973:
1908:
1523:
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1194:
331:
231:
2214:
2038:
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1513:
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1266:
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1070:
592:
368:
306:
241:
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2113:
1963:
1958:
1938:
1903:
1888:
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1503:
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philosophies which arose as a reaction to theoretical perspectives of some scholars.
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2008:
2003:
1953:
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a more liberal family code despite pressure from feminist groups and associations.
1241:
801:
283:
271:
22:
1397:. Support for Islamist parties is especially low in the Kabylie region, where the
1027:. With the political threat of the Abbasid Caliphate gone, these soon reverted to
2133:
2128:
2068:
2023:
1983:
1878:
1859:
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1350:
1303:
293:
2108:
2058:
2013:
1998:
1978:
1968:
1943:
1883:
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1342:
1112:; again, a religious motivation was notable in most, though not all, of these.
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836:
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509:
985:" filled perfectly. By the late 8th century, most of Algeria was ruled by the
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1918:
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954:
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National Agency for the implementation and management of Djamaa el Djazaïr
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970:
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885:
796:
441:
1250:
1043:
781:
539:
465:
1824:
The Significance of Sufism in Algeria in the aftermath of Independence
1652:
Middle East Politics for the New Millennium: A Constructivist Approach
1594:
American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies (1979).
1417:
1408:
The recent rise of a number of radical religious movements involving
1164:
974:
966:
564:
544:
534:
519:
1269:. However, some Islamist parties remained aboveground - notably the
1171:
made symbolic efforts to impose Islamic principles, such as banning
1413:
1409:
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1230:
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1074:
1005:
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962:
904:
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338:
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989:, who professed the strictly puritanical but politically moderate
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313:
1785:"Algerian Ministry of Religious Affairs Warns Against Extremism"
1723:
1326:
1319:
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were trained, appointed, and paid by the state, and the Friday
1159:
1125:
1093:
1032:
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1008:
valley in the Algerian Sahara, where Ibadhism still dominates.
994:
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978:
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821:
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428:
423:
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52:
43:
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However, the emergence of the religious scholar and reformer
1028:
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obtained no seats in 1991, the majority being taken by the
1346:
1323:
1209:
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1101:
998:
909:
764:
1648:
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Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments in Algeria
957:
were rapidly converted in large numbers, although some
1426:
Algerian Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments
1424:
ideology have raised concerns among officials in the
1818:
North African Islamism in the blinding light of 9-11
1435:
1035:branch, whose popularity had spread widely in the
1039:. The Fatimids took their revenge by sending the
2254:
1642:
997:as immoral usurpers. They were destroyed by the
1743:
1675:
1649:Louis A. Gordon; Ian Oxnevad (7 October 2016).
1737:
1844:
1279:Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation
858:
1776:
1669:
1554:
75:Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments
1685:. Cambridge University Press. p. 346.
1163:, martyrs, despite the revolution's avowed
1851:
1837:
1750:. Cambridge University Press. p. 41.
865:
851:
637:Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (Bounouh)
625:Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (Algiers)
1724:Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb (1967).
1548:
1598:. , Department of the Army. p. 111.
1302:Islam is quasi universal, apart for the
1147:. The independence fighters were termed
965:communities would remain at least until
1782:
1717:
2255:
1634:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1322:rite among people of Turkish descent.
1081:
880:is the majority and state religion in
1832:
1795:from the original on 20 February 2017
1587:
1182:
884:. The vast majority of citizens are
104:Algerian scientific council of fatwa
1858:
1318:. There are a few followers of the
920:
188:National crescent control committee
13:
1167:; even during the revolution, the
949:dynasty following the invasion of
200:National office for Hajj and Umrah
128:National Union of Algerian Zawiyas
14:
2279:
1811:
1575:from the original on 5 March 2022
2159:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1929:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1764:from the original on 22 May 2024
1555:James Morrow (21 October 2014).
1452:
1438:
364:List of Muslim saints of Algeria
51:
42:
1655:. Lexington Books. p. 72.
1226:of 1984), wine remained legal.
1708:
1699:
1602:
1360:
1:
1783:Racelma, Kaci (17 May 2013).
1541:
1373:Movement of Society for Peace
1271:Movement of Society for Peace
116:Algerian forum of maliki fiqh
80:Algerian high islamic council
1377:Islamic Renaissance Movement
1275:Islamic Renaissance Movement
1157:- and its fallen are called
1145:Algerian War of Independence
1066:finally converted to Islam.
7:
1561:. Mason Crest. p. 82.
1431:
1284:
941:Islam was first brought to
903:, most of whom live in the
10:
2284:
1727:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1474:Algerian Islamic reference
1370:
1364:
1288:
1267:100,000 people were killed
1192:
1186:
1085:
1031:Islam - specifically, the
969:times. However, as in the
930:
924:
915:
709:Zawiyet Sidi M'Hamed Saadi
673:Zawiya Belkaïdia (Algiers)
600:Zawiya Thaalibia (Algiers)
389:Public holidays in Algeria
252:List of mosques in Algiers
164:Quranic readings institute
31:Algerian Islamic reference
2172:
2147:
1866:
1405:, another secular party.
1403:Front of Socialist Forces
721:Zawiyet Sidi Ali Debbaghi
605:Zawiya Thaalibia (Issers)
1914:Central African Republic
1744:James McDougall (2017).
1596:Algeria, a Country Study
1011:Though it convinced the
615:Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi
610:Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif
1484:List of Algerian saints
1367:Islamic Salvation Front
1306:Berbers who are mainly
1199:List of Algerian saints
927:Medieval Muslim Algeria
685:Zawiya Belkaïdia (Oran)
1730:. Brill. p. 371.
1479:Sunni Islam in Algeria
1310:Muslims. The dominant
319:Sunni Islam in Algeria
2074:São Tomé and Príncipe
1934:Republic of the Congo
1255:University of Algiers
899:, with a minority of
733:Zawiyet Sidi Ghobrini
620:Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki
247:Cemeteries of Algeria
92:Algerian fiqh academy
1747:A History of Algeria
1682:A History of Algeria
1224:Algerian Family Code
1133:Abdelhamid Ben Badis
772:Raising hands in Dua
2149:States with limited
1524:Religion in Algeria
1489:Malikism in Algeria
1195:Malikism in Algeria
1082:French colonization
332:Malikism in Algeria
232:Religion in Algeria
1616:on 22 January 2017
1534:Algerian Civil War
1519:Zawiyas in Algeria
1514:Mosques in Algeria
1381:The popularity of
1295:Mosques of Algeria
1189:Zawiyas in Algeria
1183:After independence
745:Zawiyet Sidi Salem
649:Zawiyet Sidi Saadi
593:Zawiyas of Algeria
369:Zawiyas of Algeria
307:Sunnism in Algeria
242:Mosques of Algeria
2250:
2249:
2176:other territories
1949:Equatorial Guinea
1757:978-0-521-85164-0
1692:978-0-521-85164-0
1679:(30 April 2017).
1662:978-0-7391-9698-4
1568:978-1-63355-981-3
1509:Muftis in Algiers
1504:Mawlid in Algeria
1499:Ashura in Algeria
1494:Sufism in Algeria
1393:and the Algerian
1335:Sidi Abdel Rahman
1291:Muftis of Algeria
1238:Houari Boumediene
1203:Sufism in Algeria
993:sect and saw the
937:Mawlid in Algeria
933:Ashura in Algeria
875:
874:
827:Wazifa Zarruqiyya
661:Zawiyet Sidi Amar
409:Mawlid in Algeria
399:Ashura in Algeria
352:Sufism in Algeria
237:Muftis of Algeria
2275:
2268:Islam by country
2263:Islam in Algeria
2237:
2236:(United Kingdom)
2232:Tristan da Cunha
2228:Ascension Island
2220:
2207:
2198:
2174:Dependencies and
1867:Sovereign states
1860:Islam in Africa
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1623:
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1612:. Archived from
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1584:
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1529:Islam by country
1462:
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1242:Chadli Bendjedid
1153:- practicers of
1122:Qur'anic schools
1015:, the Fatimids'
921:Arrival of Islam
867:
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853:
802:Nass al-Houdhour
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697:Zawiyet El Hamel
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272:Quran in Algeria
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220:Islam in Algeria
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1677:James McDougall
1674:
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1610:"Archived copy"
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1351:Sidi Boumediene
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1820:, Hugh Roberts
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1812:External links
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1460:Algeria portal
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1365:Main article:
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1343:Sidi el Houari
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1283:
1253:campus of the
1187:Main article:
1184:
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1088:French Algeria
1086:Main article:
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925:Main article:
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837:Salat al-Fatih
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762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
742:
730:
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
634:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
495:
490:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
385:
380:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
366:
361:
355:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
335:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
310:
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
291:
286:
281:
275:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
223:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
209:
197:
185:
173:
161:
149:
137:
125:
113:
101:
89:
77:
71:
66:
65:
62:
61:
50:
49:
41:
40:
39:
38:
37:
34:
33:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2280:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Guinea-Bissau
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1450:
1447:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:Workers Party
1392:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:warrior Amir
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:In 1830, the
1089:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:and probably
960:
956:
952:
951:Uqba ibn Nafi
948:
944:
938:
934:
928:
913:
911:
906:
902:
901:Ibadi Muslims
898:
897:jurisprudence
894:
891:belonging to
890:
887:
883:
879:
868:
863:
861:
856:
854:
849:
848:
846:
845:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
766:
761:
760:
751:
746:
743:
739:
734:
731:
727:
722:
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
698:
695:
691:
686:
683:
679:
674:
671:
667:
662:
659:
655:
650:
647:
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
589:
588:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
504:
499:
496:
494:
491:
487:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
455:
450:
447:
446:
443:
438:
437:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
383:
378:
377:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
353:
348:
347:
340:
337:
336:
333:
328:
327:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
308:
303:
302:
295:
292:
290:
289:Algeria Quran
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
273:
268:
267:
258:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
221:
216:
215:
206:
201:
198:
194:
189:
186:
182:
177:
174:
170:
165:
162:
158:
153:
150:
146:
141:
138:
134:
129:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
105:
102:
98:
93:
90:
86:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
69:
64:
63:
54:
45:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
2224:Saint Helena
2195:
2099:South Africa
2089:Sierra Leone
1894:Burkina Faso
1873:
1797:. Retrieved
1788:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1746:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1681:
1671:
1651:
1644:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:the original
1604:
1595:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1557:
1550:
1536:in the 1990s
1446:Islam portal
1407:
1380:
1327:brotherhoods
1298:
1263:
1259:
1236:
1228:
1217:
1206:
1177:prostitution
1158:
1150:moudjahidine
1148:
1142:
1130:
1117:
1114:
1106:Abd al-Qadir
1091:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1010:
940:
876:
570:Youssoufiyya
382:Celebrations
219:
152:Dar al-Quran
68:Institutions
15:
2151:recognition
2104:South Sudan
1994:Ivory Coast
1799:24 November
1361:In Politics
1247:Arabization
1069:During the
971:Middle East
797:Bash Hezzab
748: [
736: [
724: [
712: [
700: [
688: [
676: [
664: [
652: [
640: [
628: [
580:Zarrouqiyya
550:Shadhiliyya
530:Ouazzaniyya
510:Khalwatiyya
501: [
484: [
471:Dardouriyya
452: [
442:Sufi Orders
255: [
203: [
191: [
179: [
167: [
155: [
143: [
140:Dar al-Imam
131: [
119: [
107: [
95: [
83: [
2257:Categories
2206:(Portugal)
2164:Somaliland
2084:Seychelles
2049:Mozambique
2034:Mauritania
2019:Madagascar
1974:The Gambia
1909:Cape Verde
1789:Al-Monitor
1579:5 December
1542:References
1371:See also:
1289:See also:
1251:Ben Aknoun
1193:See also:
1096:conquered
1044:Banu Hilal
931:See also:
895:school of
782:Hizb Rateb
555:Sheikhiyya
540:Rahmaniyya
515:Madyaniyya
498:Karzaziyya
481:Hansaliyya
466:Darqawiyya
2039:Mauritius
1418:Wahhabism
1165:socialism
1137:marabouts
987:Rustamids
975:Kharijite
967:Almoravid
959:Christian
575:Zaïaniyya
565:Tijaniyya
545:Senusiyya
535:Qadiriyya
520:Nasiriyya
476:Habibiyya
2230: /
2226: /
2219:(France)
2213: /
2191: /
2187: /
2139:Zimbabwe
2114:Tanzania
1964:Ethiopia
1959:Eswatini
1939:Djibouti
1904:Cameroon
1889:Botswana
1793:Archived
1762:Archived
1630:cite web
1620:27 April
1573:Archived
1432:See also
1414:Salafism
1410:Ahmadism
1383:Islamism
1304:Mozabite
1285:Practice
1231:Islamist
1160:chouhada
1075:Madhhabs
1051:Almohads
1002:Fatimids
983:heresies
560:Taïbiyya
525:Omariyya
493:Isawiyya
461:Chabiyya
449:Alawiyya
339:Malikism
23:a series
21:Part of
2215:Réunion
2211:Mayotte
2202:Madeira
2197:(Spain)
2193:Melilla
2124:Tunisia
2094:Somalia
2079:Senegal
2064:Nigeria
2054:Namibia
2044:Morocco
2009:Liberia
2004:Lesotho
1954:Eritrea
1924:Comoros
1899:Burundi
1874:Algeria
1558:Algeria
1422:takfiri
1355:Tlemcen
1339:Algiers
1312:madhhab
1126:zaouias
1110:Mokrani
1098:Algiers
1071:Regency
1056:madhhab
1041:Bedouin
1037:Maghreb
1017:Ismaili
995:Caliphs
955:Berbers
947:Umayyad
945:by the
943:Algeria
916:History
889:Muslims
882:Algeria
314:Sunnism
2234:
2217:
2204:
2134:Zambia
2129:Uganda
2069:Rwanda
2024:Malawi
1984:Guinea
1879:Angola
1768:28 May
1754:
1689:
1659:
1565:
1320:Hanafi
1316:Maliki
1308:Ibadhi
1219:sharia
1214:khutba
1201:, and
1094:French
1064:Tuareg
1033:Maliki
1025:Zirids
1013:Kutama
991:Ibadhi
979:Shiite
893:Maliki
832:Lazimi
822:Wazifa
792:Hezzab
429:Wezeea
424:Tweeza
419:Sebiba
414:Mawsim
404:Mawlid
394:Ashura
359:Sufism
2189:Ceuta
2109:Sudan
2059:Niger
2014:Libya
1999:Kenya
1979:Ghana
1969:Gabon
1944:Egypt
1884:Benin
1387:FIS's
1331:shirk
1300:Sunni
1210:Imams
1155:jihad
1118:habus
1029:Sunni
1021:Egypt
1006:M'zab
963:pagan
905:M'zab
886:Sunni
878:Islam
812:Dhikr
787:Salka
777:Qunut
752:]
740:]
728:]
716:]
704:]
692:]
680:]
668:]
656:]
644:]
632:]
505:]
488:]
456:]
279:Quran
259:]
227:Islam
207:]
195:]
183:]
171:]
159:]
147:]
135:]
123:]
111:]
99:]
87:]
2119:Togo
2029:Mali
1919:Chad
1801:2016
1770:2023
1752:ISBN
1687:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1636:link
1622:2010
1581:2017
1563:ISBN
1420:and
1375:and
1349:and
1347:Oran
1324:Sufi
1293:and
1273:and
1175:and
1173:wine
1124:and
1102:Sufi
1049:The
999:Shia
977:and
935:and
910:Sufi
817:Wird
765:Cult
1399:FIS
1391:RCD
1353:at
1345:in
1337:in
1314:is
1169:FLN
807:Dua
2259::
1791:.
1787:.
1760:.
1632:}}
1628:{{
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1416:,
1412:,
1357:.
1341:,
1197:,
1179:.
750:ar
738:ar
726:ar
714:ar
702:ar
690:ar
678:fr
666:fr
654:ar
642:ar
630:ar
503:ar
486:ar
454:ar
257:ar
205:ar
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181:ar
169:ar
157:ar
145:ar
133:ar
121:ar
109:ar
97:ar
85:ar
25:on
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
