324:
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photographs of the 1887-1888 FNCV expedition to King Island, Tasmania show the accommodation on the near-uninhabited island. Only the family of the lighthouse keeper and one kangaroo hunter were on the island to lend assistance to the group during their nineteen-day visit. As
Campbell relates, when provisions were depleted and they began to run out of flour "a little bran was mixed, to stay its rapid progress. As the flour became thinner so the bran increased; finally, the last " mash " was all bran."
411:
124:
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266:(or oΓΆlogy), is a branch of ornithology that is devoted to the study of bird eggs and nests as an aid to identifying individual birds, and of learning about their movements and distribution across the country. The fact that Campbell was invited to speak at the FNCV indicates that, by the age of 30, he had become a recognised expert on Australian birds, nests and eggs.
508:
Distribution of the
Species and Popular Observations Thereon, published in 1900. There is also a significant number of images taken by Campbell on his various field trips around Australia with groups such as the Ornithologists Union, Victorian Field Naturalists, The Working Men's College Photographic Club and his family. - Museum Victoria.
270:
456:
Three delegates from each state were invited to attend the function, at which the wattle federation was started. Tasmania alone failed to send delegates, but the promoters, finding that Dr. Purdy and Mr. Seager were in
Melbourne, invited these gentlemen to attend ... The Prime Minister (Right Hon.
285:
The FNCV was established in 1880 and is
Victoria's oldest field naturalists club. Members are professional scientists, students and amateurs who study the natural world by going out into the environment. Since the establishment of the club, members have regularly arranged field trips for research,
464:
Another milestone was passed on 19 April 1984 when the wattle's green and gold colours became
Australia's national colours. A formal proclamation was made by the Governor-General, Sir Ninian Stevens, that: "green and gold ... shall be the national colours of Australia for use on all occasions on
418:
Enthusiasm for wattles existed amongst naturalists in
Tasmania, South Australia and New South Wales, as well as in Victoria. Campbell's advocacy resulted in the formation in 1899 of a 'Wattle Club' in Victoria, to promote public interest in wattles and organise bush excursions on the first day of
468:
Following the 1988 official selection of the Golden Wattle as
Australia's floral emblem, the final step of the journey that Campbell had begun in 1901 was taken when, in 1992, consensus was reached amongst the Commonwealth and all states and territories that the first day of Spring (1 September)
507:
This collection consists of 2,772 images taken by
Archibald James Campbell. These are made up of a combination of black and white prints and glass negatives. Many of the images of birds and nests were used by Campbell in his book Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds, including the Geographical
551:
He died on 12 September 1929, after having prepared a speech for the RAOU, which was read out posthumously. Campbell is buried in the cemetery in St. Kilda, in what has become a somewhat dilapidated grave. He lies in the company of his father
Archibald James Campbell, his mother Catherine
512:
His photographs provide not only a demonstration of the state of the art of photography in the 1880s but also a detailed historical record of conditions for the pioneering naturalists, who were sometimes accompanied on their expeditions by wives and children. For example, two of
Campbell's
151:, providing many details of life in rural Victoria in the mid-1800s. Migrant families experienced for the first time the most basic living conditions, epidemics of serious diseases (for both humans and animals), and destructive natural hazards including fire, flood and drought.
301:, an ornithologist and zoo director. Le SouΡf in particular shared the same special interests as Campbell, being a photographer and presenter of "lantern lectures", the owner of an impressive egg collection, and working with Campbell in establishing the RAOU and its journal,
380:
Two leading Australian ornithological organisations owed their existence, at least in part, to Campbell, who was instrumental in their creation: the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) founded in 1901, and the (Victorian) Bird Observers Club founded in 1905.
311:
Both men shared an absence of secondary and tertiary education; and both undertook self-education so thoroughly that they became pre-eminent in their fields, and the books they wrote quickly became the standard scientific texts on their chosen subjects. Gould's
172:
Catherine and Margaret Pinkerton lost their mother, two siblings and a young cousin between 1855 and 1858, and Campbell's brother John Ecker Campbell died in 1860, aged 14 months. The head of the Pinkerton family, James, retired to
81:
Campbell (the ornithologist) shared his personal names, Archibald James, with his father, so to avoid confusion the ornithologist will be referred to throughout this article as "Campbell", whilst his father will be named in full.
676:
560:
Besides the scientific associations that he helped to bring into existence and which still exist in one form or another, Campbell left a large body of written and photographic work. Some of the key texts are mentioned below:
138:, in December 1839. By 1852, the Australian Electoral Roll records that several members of the Pinkerton family owned large tracts of freehold land on the Werribee River, used mainly to pasture sheep for the wool trade.
185:
On 18 February 1896, at the age of 16, Campbell obtained full-time work in the Victorian Government Customs Service as a "Landing waiter" (although several biographical articles give his job name as "landing weigher").
144:
William Campbell, Campbell's uncle, married Margaret Pinkerton (1829-1920), Campbell's aunt, in 1864. Years later, Margaret Pinkerton's 90th birthday was celebrated, and was described in a lengthy article in
540:
After the loss of his first wife, Elizabeth Melrose Anderson (1855-1915), Campbell married again, to Blanche Duncan (1870-1953), and took up residence in Box Hill (which was still a rural area at that time).
362:
Campbell notes that the bird is illustrated in: "Figure - Gould: Birds of Australia, fol., vol.ii, plate 54". However, he does also include in his own text several coloured illustrations (that of the
323:
247:
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of the 1850s and early 1860s. In addition, the cost of living increased dramatically because of the influx of diggers, and gold soon displaced wool as Australia's chief export commodity.
1021:
Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds, embracing papers on "Oology of Australian Birds", read before the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria. Supplememted by other Notes & Memoranda
656:
445:
celebrations in 1988) but on 19 September 1912 it was incorporated into the design which is still seen in the coat of arms, and was 'granted' under royal warrant by King George V.
448:
Efforts were made to unify the wattle-enthusiasts across Australian by creating the Wattle Federation of Australasia, inaugurated in Melbourne in January 1913, as reported in the
358:
In his text Campbell frequently refers the reader to Gould's illustrations of the birds that he (Campbell) is writing about, e.g. in his entry on page 87 for the Magpie Lark
552:
Pinkerton, his sister Catherine Jane Campbell, his first wife, Elizabeth Melrose Anderson, their daughter Elizabeth Victoria Campbell, and his second wife, Blanche Duncan.
488:
347:
Both writers made use of the newest technology available to illustrate their scientific data. Until 1840, Gould's pictures of birds were drawn and painted by his wife
477:
428:, nominated as Australia's national floral emblem (in the same way as Ireland has the shamrock, Scotland the thistle, and so on). The matter was contentious -
165:
Landowners were also faced with another insuperable problem - the vanishing of their farm labourers whenever news of another discovery was reported in the
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141:
In that year Archibald James Campbell married Catherine Pinkerton. The first of their children was their son, AJ Campbell, born in February 1853.
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He continued his expeditions and his writing, and one of his retirement projects was to prepare a new book of text and photographs entitled
308:
Campbell also freely acknowledged his debt to the Englishman who had become the pioneer of Australian ornithology, John Gould (1804-1881).
58:
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209:
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Nests and Eggs of Australian birds, embracing papers on "Oology of Australian birds" read before the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria
1346:
1325:, Western Australian Herbarium and Department of Parks and Wildlife, Dalwallinu, Western Australia, Australia, accessed 29 Nov. 2017,
1277:, Western Australian Herbarium and Department of Parks and Wildlife, Dalwallinu, Western Australia, Australia, accessed 29 Nov. 2017,
1260:, Western Australian Herbarium and Department of Parks and Wildlife, Dalwallinu, Western Australia, Australia, accessed 29 Nov. 2017,
320:. Where Gould described many species of Australian birds new to science, Campbell added innovative information about eggs and nests.
262:
In the introduction to his presentation to the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria (FNCV) in 1883 Campbell explains that his topic,
50:
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65:
from its inception in 1880, leading pioneering expeditions and writing for their journal. He wrote the classic field guide to
355:; forty years later, Campbell's images of nests, eggs and habitat were created by the cutting-edge technology of photography.
208:
The Victorian Customs Service was amalgamated with that of the other states in 1901, at the time of Federation, creating the
1146:
Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds, including the Geographical Distribution of the Species and Popular Observations thereon
630:
Nests and eggs of Australian birds, including the geographical distribution of the species and popular observations thereon
42:(later Australian) government Customs Service. However, his international reputation rests on his expertise as an amateur
613:
was published by the RAOU. Campbell contributed many articles to it, whilst also acting as co-editor for thirteen years.
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769:
588:
Campbell, AJ 1888, 'Field Naturalists Club of Victoria: expedition to King Island, 1887: narrative of the expedition',
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With the advent of Federation in 1901, Campbell began campaigning to have one of the wattle species, the Golden Wattle
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604:. Box 3 holds a scrapbook containing 77 articles by Campbell that were published in the "Australasian" 1893β1900.
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After birds, Campbell's most intense fascination was with Australian native flora, and particularly wattle trees (
377:
in 1904 and this international recognition was important for the Australian ornithological community as a whole.
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293:
Campbell had close working relationships with other prominent scientists in the FNCV, amongst whom was Professor
1243:, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: Foundation Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, accessed 27 Nov. 2017,
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348:
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The official proclamation concerning the Golden Wattle as emblem did not occur for many decades (during the
581:
Campbell, AJ 1888, 'Field Naturalists Club of Victoria: expedition to King Island, 1887: official report',
537:
After retiring from employment, in 1914, Campbell's life continued to be filled with activity and events.
525:
Campbell family grave near Melbourne, in the St Kilda Cemetery, Presbyterian Compartment B, graves 132-134
369:
Campbell received great acclaim during his lifetime, such as being invited to be a Colonial Member of the
1454:
1303:. Canberra: Australian National Botanic Gardens and Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research
657:"'Yellow-haired September': a reflection on the national floral emblem in AJ Campbell's Golden Wattle1"
438:
to be chosen. However, the Waratah has remained as the floral emblem of the state of New South Wales.
120:
region in 1851 at a time when it was beginning to be exploited for agricultural and pastoral purposes.
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212:. Campbell remained with the Service throughout his working life, until his retirement in July 1914.
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Before that, the Pinkerton extended family of twelve people had arrived in Melbourne on the barque
53:(RAOU) in 1901, and served as its president in 1909 and 1928. He was also a founder member of the
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Campbell is buried with six other members of his family. The plaque is headed: "Pioneers of 1839"
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on 21 June. He obtained employment in the Victorian Education Department, but moved to the rural
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1365:"Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria Expedition to King Island, November, 1887: Official Report"
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His next significant career step was confirmed on 12 September 1874 when his name appeared in
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755:"King Island's lake of many names β Lake Flannigan: points of interest from the literature"
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351:; many were reproduced by means of the recently invented technique of hand-painted
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The Story of Australia's People, Volume I: The Rise and Fall of Ancient Australia
521:
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Much of the evidence for Campbell's innovative work as a photographer is held by
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newspaper's list (page 7) of those who had passed the Civil Service Examination.
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https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/dfe52d12-cc3f-4620-8a9b-ab8361322615
1175:"An Emu for a Nation: A Centenary Reflection on the Journal and its Discipline"
452:, on Fri 17 Jan 1913, Page 7, in an article entitled 'The Wattle Federation':
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101:. Travelling alone, the 22 year-old Archibald James Campbell sailed from
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has two notable articles from Campbell which later also appeared in the
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provided a foundation for Campbell's 1883 presentation and 1901 book on
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328:
1342:, Australian Choice, Canberra, ACT, Australia, accessed 29 Nov. 2017,
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16:
Australian civil servant, ornithologist, and photographer. (1853β1929)
429:
113:
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927:"Obituary: Archibald James Campbell. Born 18/2/1853; Died 12/9/1929"
700:"Archibald James Campbell: Photographing the Australian Environment"
130:- a watercolour by WFE Liardet, State Library of Victoria, Australia
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1327:
http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/symbolic/nationalcolours.php
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86:
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297:, head of the Department of Biology at Melbourne University, and
281:, 1840β48. Artists: J. Gould and E. Gould; Lithographer: E. Gould
98:
94:
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has many of Campbell's papers, in their collection entitled the
503:, having been donated by Campbell himself, on 22 December 1915:
493:
Bertie's Hut, Field Naturalists ' Club Expedition to King Island
1479:, 1848, by J Gould, with illustrations by HC Richter and others
632:, Wren, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (First edition, 1901).
263:
189:
106:
89:, Archibald James Campbell (1817β1872) and his wife Catherine (
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1279:
http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/symbolic/coatofarms.php
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http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/symbolic/wattleday.php
841:
482:
Camp View, Field Naturalists ' Club Expedition to King Island
1082:
Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1: 1788β1850, AβH
976:, Department of Trade and Customs, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
159:
Diggings in the Mount Alexander district of Victoria in 1852
1229:. Canberra: National Library of Australia. 2002. p. 3.
625:, published by the author, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
414:
Australian coat of arms with the Golden Wattle design, 1921
393:) of which there are currently thought to be 1070 species.
1484:
Campbell family tree in Ancestry.com (membership required)
797:
Johns's Notable Australians: Who They Are and What They Do
885:
Up Came a Squatter: Niel Black of Glenormiston, 1839-1880
34:(18 February 1853 β 11 September 1929) was an Australian
1344:
https://www.australianchoice.com.au/page/wattle-day.aspx
177:
in 1862, and the Campbell family returned to Melbourne.
400:
Campbell successfully campaigned for the Golden Wattle
432:
campaigned just as hard for the flower of the Waratah
1052:"The Field Naturalists Club of Victoria Inc (1880β)"
93:
Pinkerton) (1833β1882) both having been born in the
1054:. Melbourne: Centre for Transformative Innovation,
1375:(9). Field Naturalists Club of Victoria: 131β162.
1173:
993:"Archibald James Campbell, Naturalist (1853-1929)"
925:
887:. Sydney: New South Publishing. pp. 129β130.
753:
665:Association for the Study of Australian Literature
286:published scientific papers in their journal the
1490:
1226:Guide to the papers of Archibald Campbell MS9650
639:, Osboldstone, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
457:A. Fisher) presided at the inaugural dinner. -
1433:Short video (2m 20s) about A. J. Campbell by
1293:"Floral Emblems of Australia β Golden Wattle
1080:. In Shaw, A. G. L.; Clark, C. M. H. (eds.).
911:, in the possession of the family, Australia.
384:
648:
406:to become Australia's national floral emblem
215:
49:He was one of the principal founders of the
1323:Australian national colours: green and gold
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848:
469:should be Wattle Day throughout Australia.
210:Department of Trade and Customs (Australia)
161:, by ST Gill, National Library of Australia
1442:A. J. Campbell photographic collection at
923:
465:which such colours are customarily used".
1408:Golden wattle, our national floral emblem
1084:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
986:
984:
982:
876:
800:. Melbourne: George Robertson. p. 42
784:
691:
637:Golden wattle, our national floral emblem
546:Golden wattle, our national floral emblem
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1118:The Birds of Australia, in Seven Volumes
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69:(a branch of ornithology) in Australia:
20:
1529:19th-century Australian public servants
990:
854:
373:in 1902, and an Honorary Fellow of the
51:Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union
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1011:
979:
751:
1524:20th-century Australian photographers
1519:19th-century Australian photographers
1290:
1171:
1149:. Melbourne: Archibald James Campbell
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862:. Melbourne: Viking. pp. 22β23.
790:
697:
679:from the original on 15 November 2017
339:, 1840β1848. Modern name: Rose robin
112:on 4 February 1840, disembarking in
61:in 1905. Campbell was active in the
1069:
832:. Melbourne. 10 May 1919. p. 6
366:, for instance), drawn by artists.
13:
1549:People from the Colony of Victoria
1534:19th-century Australian scientists
1405:Campbell, Archibald James (1921).
1143:Campbell, Archibald James (1901).
1056:Swinburne University of Technology
770:Field Naturalists Club of Victoria
710:(1). Taylor & Francis: 57β70.
318:Nests and eggs of Australian birds
71:Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds
63:Field Naturalists Club of Victoria
14:
1560:
1426:
1411:. Melbourne: Osboldstone & Co
1024:. Melbourne: Archd. J. Campbell.
258:, 1901, photograph by AJ Campbell
1186:(1). Taylor & Francis: 1β7.
974:Commonwealth Public Service List
46:, naturalist, and photographer.
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1030:2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t0ht7vs01
944:10.1080/03087298.2004.10441288
907:Kissock, M and White, E 1931,
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816:
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716:10.1080/03087298.2004.10441288
516:
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375:American Ornithologists' Union
1:
1544:Artists from Victoria (state)
1338:Wattle Day Association n.d.,
1301:Australian National Herbarium
642:
598:National Library of Australia
371:British Ornithologists' Union
194:Campbell, c. 1901, by T. Ward
76:
1018:Campbell, Archd. J. (1883).
997:Museums Victoria Collections
661:Australian Humanities Review
7:
1450:Floral Emblems of Australia
1241:VicFlora: Flora of Victoria
824:"Eighty Years in Melbourne"
10:
1565:
924:Mattingley, A. H. (1930).
385:Study of Australian plants
1509:Australian ornithologists
1180:Emu β Austral Ornithology
1078:"Gould, John (1804β1881)"
991:Carland, Rebecca (2008).
932:Emu β Austral Ornithology
602:A. J. Campbell Collection
555:
240:, T. Tregallas, Z. Gray,
216:Study of Australian birds
180:
128:Landing at Melbourne 1840
1369:The Victorian Naturalist
1363:Campbell, A. J. (1888).
1258:Wattle Day (1 September)
1076:Chisholm, A. H. (1966).
761:The Victorian Naturalist
590:The Victorian Naturalist
583:The Victorian Naturalist
85:Campbell's parents were
32:Archibald James Campbell
26:Archibald James Campbell
1470:Bush Heritage Australia
1419:– via HathiTrust.
1349:1 December 2017 at the
1275:Australian coat of arms
1039:– via HathiTrust.
698:Ebury, Francis (2004).
275:Pachycephala pectoralis
1321:WorldWideWattle 2016,
1273:WorldWideWattle 2016,
1256:WorldWideWattle 2016,
883:Black, Maggie (2016).
752:Mather, Karen (2017).
704:History of Photography
655:Campbell, Ian (2007).
534:
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495:, 1887, by AJ Campbell
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484:, 1887, by AJ Campbell
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443:Australian Bicentenary
419:September every year.
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295:Walter Baldwin Spencer
282:
279:The birds of Australia
259:
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167:Australian gold rushes
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131:
28:
1340:History of Wattle Day
1172:Robin, Libby (2002).
1050:Smith, Allie (2019).
569:The FNCV journal the
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435:Telopea speciosissima
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329:'Rose-breasted robin'
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272:
251:Nest and eggs of the
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223:
202:The Argus (Melbourne)
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157:
126:
73:, published in 1901.
55:Victorian Wattle Club
24:
1291:Boden, Anne (1985).
1121:. London: John Gould
571:Victorian Naturalist
288:Victorian Naturalist
236:, A.J. Campbell, D.
909:A pioneering family
635:Campbell, AJ 1921,
628:Campbell, AJ 1974,
621:Campbell, AJ 1883,
360:Grallina cyanoleuca
256:Grallina cyanoleuca
59:Bird Observers Club
1477:Birds of Australia
1465:BirdLife Australia
1460:Birds in Backyards
1129:– via Trove.
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314:Birds of Australia
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224:Group portrait of
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1455:World Wide Wattle
972:Australia, 1904,
856:Blainey, Geoffrey
333:C. C. Brittlebank
327:Drawing entitled
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1435:Museums Victoria
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1499:1853 births
1307:15 November
1113:Gould, John
1097:21 November
1003:26 November
999:. Melbourne
792:Johns, Fred
772:: 207β214.
517:Final years
473:Photography
353:lithographs
253:Magpie-lark
230:L. Chandler
226:Dr J. Leach
105:aboard the
1493:Categories
1437:on YouTube
810:HathiTrust
643:References
364:Rose robin
234:C. Barrett
77:Early life
1539:Oologists
1415:4 October
1386:4 October
1381:0042-5184
1200:0158-4197
1153:5 October
1125:4 October
1061:4 October
1035:4 October
960:192978740
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829:The Argus
804:4 October
778:0042-5184
737:4 October
732:192978740
724:0308-7298
683:4 October
673:1325-8338
565:Articles:
430:R.T.Baker
148:The Argus
114:Melbourne
110:Statesman
103:Liverpool
40:Victorian
1347:Archived
1208:85597830
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677:Archived
450:Examiner
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97:area of
87:Scottish
391:acacias
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95:Gorbals
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617:Books:
556:Legacy
264:Oology
181:Career
136:Superb
107:barque
67:oology
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956:S2CID
842:Trove
768:(6).
728:S2CID
277:, in
1417:2022
1388:2022
1377:ISSN
1309:2017
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