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143:, a leading ornithologist and field naturalist with a particular passion for Australian wattles, of which there are more than 1,000 species. For several years the club organised bush outings on the first day in September specifically for the appreciation of wattles in their natural setting. Campbell was an active member of the
245:
for the war effort, this species had mostly finished flowering. The League was granted a temporary change. Schools in NSW continued to use 1 August as the date for Wattle Day and there was some resistance to 1 September despite the association with spring. That resistance now appears to have almost
130:
in 1890 as a women's branch of the
Association. The aim of the Wattle Blossom League was to "encourage Australian literature and music". Members should "at all suitable public assemblies wear a spray of wattle blossom either real or artificial, as a distinctive badge". Another aim of the league was
201:
It was taken up, and there were celebrations in 1910 in three state capital cities: Sydney, Melbourne and
Adelaide, although the Melbourne event was a muted affair due to heavy rain. The day was significant in being the first organised demonstration on a definite day across a number of states ever
89:, who made the first reported European sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. It was estimated between 5000 and 6000 people attended. On 10 August 1853 in Launceston, during "Cessation of Transportation Celebrations" the procession marched under a triumphal arch decorated with wattle blossom.
324:
on 1 September. At that ceremony
Hitchcock was told by Senator Ray that she would have to personally gain letters of approval for the gazettal of National Wattle Day from each premier and chief minister. Once again enlisting the aid of McNamara and his listeners, a new campaign of letter writing
202:
witnessed in
Australia. On 1 September 1911 Adelaide was described as a city "decked with gold". In 1913, the national Wattle Day League (or Federation) was established to formalise the organisation of events for the celebration of Wattle Day.
98:) tied with British Navy blue ribbon. The proposal attracted some ridicule as the silver wattle blooms in August and September and would be unobtainable in November. As a result, the November-flowering black wattle (
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55:"Wattle Days emerged to prominence in Australia in the early years of the federated nation. They took on some of the national and civic responsibilities for children that Australia Day could not." - Libby Robin
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began. It took three years but the goal was finally achieved. Hitchcock bundled all the letters together and sent them to
Canberra requesting gazettal of National Wattle Day for 1 September each year.
139:
The push for the recognition of the nation-wide use of wattle as a symbol of the first day of spring was given momentum by the formation in 1899 of the "Wattle Club" in
Victoria. It was initiated by
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focuses on all things
Australian, the message went out resulting in hundreds of letters of support being sent to the prime minister. The campaign was not progressing until Hitchcock met with Senator
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In 1910 the League settled on "Wattle Day" as 1 September, and approached Sowden to form a branch of the League in South
Australia. Campbell and A. K. Warner founded a branch in Melbourne.
727:
746:
While different to the national significance of
Australia's Wattle Day, other countries have separate events related to wattle trees where they have been introduced from Australia.
448:
1412:
131:"to promote a national patriotic sentiment among the women of Australia". The last monthly meeting of the Wattle Blossom League was held at Beach's Rooms on 1 June 1893.
332:
declared that "1 September in each year shall be observed as 'National Wattle Day' throughout
Australia and in the external Territories of Australia". In 1998, the
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died in 1870 he was buried "where the wattle blossoms wave" - a quotation from his poem "The sick Stockrider". There were wattle waltzes and you could drink
233:
There was some confusion in New South Wales over the date. In 1916, NSW changed its date for Wattle Day to 1 August, so that the indigenous, early-flowering
195:
as president. Its purpose was to present to the various state governments a unified proposal for a national day on which to celebrate the wattle blossom.
1483:
357:, in light of the historic treatment of Indigenous people, some Australians have been proposing Wattle Day as an alternative for national celebrations.
27:
is a day of celebration in Australia on the first day of September each year, which is the start of the Australian spring. This is the time when many
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species (commonly called wattles in Australia), are in flower. So, people wear a sprig of the flowers and leaves to celebrate the day.
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at a Labor Party event in Armidale. Soon after the decision was made to gazette the emblem at a special ceremony in Canberra at the
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241:) could be used. The Cootamundra wattle was planted all over Sydney and when the Red Cross called for sprigs of wattle to sell in
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It was suggested that for future regattas, the event should be celebrated by the wearing of a sprig of silver wattle blossom (
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2010 marked the centenary of the celebration of Wattle Day on 1 September 1910 in NSW, Victoria and South Australia, and
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104:) was substituted for the regatta. The custom of wearing a sprig of wattle at the regatta persisted until at least 1883.
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1272:. Western Australian Herbarium and Department of Parks and Wildlife, Dalwallinu, Western Australia, Australia. 2016.
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85:, Tasmania to celebrate the anniversary of the 17th-century European discovery of the island by Dutch explorer
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286:) was officially proclaimed as Australia's national floral emblem by the Governor-General of Australia, Sir
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Following the outbreak of World War 1 all attempts to gazette the emblem or Wattle Day were put aside.
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The first suggestion of a dedicated Wattle Day was made by Campbell during a speech in September 1908.
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In 1986 Maria Hitchcock of Armidale NSW began a campaign to have both gazetted. With the aid of ABC's
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224:
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The theme of wattle in literature, poetry and song took off from the 1860s to the early 1900s. When
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The golden wattle is Australia's national floral emblem, but in addition each Australian state has
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magazine was amongst those who urged the public not to miss the chance to celebrate it again.
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1506:"International Women's Day: How Mimosa flowers became the symbol of feminism in Japan"
993:. Vol. CXLIII, no. 20, 225. Tasmania, Australia. 21 August 1935. p. 3.
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Starting in 1946 in Italy, yellow mimosa flowers hold significance as a symbol during
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The day was originally intended to promote patriotism for the new nation of Australia:
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on 1 September, at which Maria Hitchcock was a guest of the government. Specimens of
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1362:. Vol. XCIV, no. 27, 476. South Australia. 6 September 1929. p. 5.
1332:. Vol. 38, no. 56. New South Wales, Australia. 31 July 1925. p. 3.
1210:. Vol. LXXII, no. 15. Tasmania, Australia. 17 January 1913. p. 7.
1025:. Vol. XLVIII, no. 13199. South Australia. 30 August 1913. p. 12.
961:. Vol. 24, no. 1174. Tasmania, Australia. 27 November 1838. p. 7.
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1120:. Vol. LIII, no. 16, 174. South Australia. 18 August 1910. p. 5.
929:. Vol. XI, no. 640. Tasmania, Australia. 23 November 1838. p. 4.
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1057:. Vol. LVIII, no. 14, 527. South Australia. 5 June 1893. p. 6.
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followed in 1913. Sydney celebrated that year by planting 200 wattle trees in
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1444:"Wattle Day: Could a new, golden Australia Day bloom in the springtime?"
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The Golden Wattle was incorporated as an accessory in the design of the
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1152:. No. 20, 010. Victoria, Australia. 8 September 1910. p. 6.
1242:. No. 17, 246. Queensland, Australia. 23 April 1913. p. 4.
763:) with the eight-day FĂȘte du Mimosa during their winter in February.
148:
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wrote "Sunny country", which was often recited on past Wattle Days:
1088:. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: Foundation Victoria, Melbourne.
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Mandelieu-la Napoule Tourist and Convention Bureau French Riviera
1302:
A celebration of wattle : Australia's national floral emblem
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Robin, L 2002, âNationalising nature: wattle days in Australiaâ,
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Among other poetry, Scottish-Australian poet and bush balladeer
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29:
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Save this, our sunny country, where the golden wattles grow.
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The Wattle Day League was formed on 13 September 1909 at the
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Australian coat of arms with the golden wattle design, 1921
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Of wattles down the gully, and of gum trees by the stream;
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Of dancing haze and sides of blue, no other land can show
1178:. Wattle Day Association, Canberra, ACT. Archived from
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has celebrated the local flowering of wattles known as
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I dreamed of a sunny country last night, a golden dream
824:. Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology.
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274:On 19 August 1988, as part of events to mark the
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1326:"The Golden Wattle: Australia's National Flower"
336:was established to promote National Wattle Day.
48:), any acacia can be worn to celebrate the day.
40:of Australia is a particular species, named the
20:Woman buying wattle for Wattle Day, Sydney, 1935
118:A "Wattle Blossom League" was inaugurated by
301:
1388:. Australian National Herbarium, Canberra.
1374:– via National Library of Australia.
1344:– via National Library of Australia.
1254:– via National Library of Australia.
1222:– via National Library of Australia.
1164:– via National Library of Australia.
1132:– via National Library of Australia.
1069:– via National Library of Australia.
1037:– via National Library of Australia.
1005:– via National Library of Australia.
973:– via National Library of Australia.
941:– via National Library of Australia.
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863:. Wattle Day Association, Canberra, ACT.
270:Australian bicentennial celebration, 1988
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353:With the controversy over 26 January as
310:, whose Sunday morning national program
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1304:(2nd ed.). Rosenberg Publishing.
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395:Sweet wattle or sweet-scented wattle (
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282:in Sydney in 1788, the golden wattle (
1276:from the original on 21 November 2017
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802:from the original on 13 November 2017
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1565:Recurring events established in 1838
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1017:"History of the Wattle Day Movement"
867:from the original on 1 December 2017
290:. A formal ceremony was held in the
1580:Spring (season) events in Australia
1456:from the original on 14 August 2018
1092:from the original on 14 August 2018
322:Australian National Botanic Gardens
13:
1417:Australian Geographic, Sydney, NSW
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328:On 23 June 1992, Governor-General
145:Field Naturalists Club of Victoria
14:
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1528:
1508:. Arab News Japan. 8 March 2022.
899:. Australian Govt. Pub. Service.
828:from the original on 7 March 2009
1570:1838 establishments in Australia
1512:from the original on 22 May 2024
1486:from the original on 22 May 2024
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147:. Their 1904 outing went to the
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1442:Wright, Tony (31 August 2017).
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128:Australian Natives' Association
79:Hobart Town Anniversary Regatta
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77:On 1 December 1838, the first
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1386:"Floral emblems of Australia"
848:Journal of Australian Studies
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643:Australian Capital Territory
298:were planted near the entry.
151:and in 1906 they went to the
7:
1360:The Register News-pictorial
1086:VicFlora: Flora of Victoria
10:
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690:red and green kangaroo paw
575:Queensland silver wattle (
1413:"On this day: Wattle Day"
1356:"Wattle magic everywhere"
1300:Hitchcock, Maria (2012).
1266:"Australian coat of arms"
1117:The Advertiser (Adelaide)
1054:South Australian Register
895:Hitchcock, Maria (1991).
768:International Women's Day
302:National Wattle Day, 1992
225:coat of arms of Australia
1555:Observances in Australia
921:"Classified Advertising"
792:"Australia's Wattle Day"
292:National Botanic Gardens
181:Elizabeth Street, Sydney
141:Archibald James Campbell
1207:The Examiner (Tasmania)
1202:"The Wattle Federation"
1049:"Wattle Blossom League"
953:"Domestic Intelligence"
926:The Hobart Town Courier
796:Parliament of Australia
735:New South Wales waratah
159:Wattle Day League, 1909
1550:Festivals in Australia
1535:Wattle Day Association
1144:"The Wattle Sentiment"
1022:The Journal (Adelaide)
495:Sydney golden wattle (
334:Wattle Day Association
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220:
193:Sydney Botanic Gardens
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60:Tasmanian origin, 1838
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36:Although the national
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1575:September observances
1560:Australian patriotism
1476:"The Mimosa Festival"
1449:Sydney Morning Herald
1149:The Argus (Melbourne)
614:its own floral emblem
578:Acacia podalyriifolia
458:Acacia auriculiformis
342:Australian Geographic
255:
251:William Henry Ogilvie
218:
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135:The Wattle Club, 1899
67:
53:
19:
1239:The Brisbane Courier
1176:"Wattle Day history"
850:, 26, 73, pp. 13-26.
751:Mandelieu-la-Napoule
628:Northern Territory:
415:Cootamundra wattle (
361:Some popular wattles
183:headquarters of the
1234:"Wattle Day League"
1112:"Wattle Day League"
790:Panter, R. (1995).
688:Western Australia:
630:Sturt's desert rose
349:Recent developments
109:Adam Lindsay Gordon
1080:Walsh, N. (2015).
861:"About Wattle Day"
822:"Climate Glossary"
720:Tasmanian blue gum
660:Sturt's desert pea
558:Acacia denticulosa
555:Sandpaper wattle (
515:Gold dust wattle (
438:Acacia melanoxylon
313:Australia All Over
278:of the arrival of
235:Cootamundra wattle
221:
191:, director of the
174:
75:
22:
1423:on 8 January 2018
1411:Rule, C. (2010).
1311:978-1-921719-56-1
1182:on 29 August 2007
985:"National Emblem"
906:978-0-644-12678-6
798:, Canberra, ACT.
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658:South Australia:
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276:200th anniversary
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210:Centennial Park
167:Golden wattle,
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95:Acacia dealbata
71:Acacia mearnsii
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705:pink heath
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206:Queensland
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