Arab world - Knowledge

3907: 2874: 2507: 2216: 3629: 3737: 430: 3042: 47: 618: 4109:. Many African states did not attain independence until the 1960s from France after bloody insurgencies for their freedom. These struggles were settled by the imperial powers approving the form of independence given, so as a consequence almost all of these borders have remained. Some of these borders were agreed upon without consultation of those individuals that had served the colonial interests of Britain or France. One such agreement solely between Britain and France (to the exclusion of Sherif Hussein ibn Ali), signed in total secrecy until 1652: 347: 2713: 2609: 1735:, various parameters may be applied to determine whether a state or territory should be included in this alternative definition of the Arab world. These parameters may be applied to the states and territories of the Arab League (which constitute the Arab world under the standard definition) and to other states and territories. Typical parameters that may be applied include: whether Arabic is widely spoken; whether Arabic is an official or national language; or whether an Arabic cognate language is widely spoken. 4818: 3450: 1968: 1739: 4169: 3603: 7242: 4524: 585: 541: 2635: 1495: 295: 2791: 4728:(called "Morocco Espanol"), along the otherwise Moroccan coast. Overall this wave has ebbed, though like the Arab expansion north it has left its mark. The proximity of North Africa to Europe has always encouraged interaction, and this continues with Arab immigration to Europe and European interest in the Arab countries today. However, population centers and the physical fact of the sea keeps this boundary of the Arab World settled on the Mediterranean coastline. 1094: 376: 8493: 7627: 1346: 446: 230: 4237: 2432:, film production was scarce until the late 1960s and early 1970s when filmmakers began to receive funding and financial assistance from state organizations. This was during the post-independence and is when most Arab cinema took root. Most films produced at that time were funded by the state and contained a nationalistic dimension. These films helped to advance certain social causes such as independence, and other social, economic and political agendas. 1437: 269: 2661: 2817: 2765: 1131: 596: 574: 389: 2739: 3386: 1623: 1065: 563: 334: 139: 1524: 1375: 1284: 1032: 402: 243: 204: 126: 4353: 1255: 1226: 191: 178: 607: 552: 519: 1561: 308: 1681: 1594: 1466: 1313: 1164: 360: 321: 282: 217: 152: 530: 1408: 256: 4291: 2003: 1193: 165: 4205:, comprising the states in the Persian Gulf, and the Union of the Arab Maghreb (UMA), made up of North African States. The GCC has achieved some success in financial and monetary terms, including plans to establish a common currency in the Persian Gulf region. Since its foundation in 1989, the UMA's most significant accomplishment has been the establishment of a 7,000 km highway crossing North Africa from 3713: 2843: 2286: 3195: 2687: 3674:: five Persian Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, are among the top ten petroleum or gas exporters worldwide. In Africa, Algeria (10th world) and Libya are important gas exporters. Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, and Sudan all have smaller but significant reserves. Where present, these have had significant effects on regional politics, often enabling 3678:, leading to economic disparities between oil-rich and oil-poor countries, and, particularly in the more sparsely populated states of the Persian Gulf and Libya, triggering extensive labor immigration. It is believed that the Arab world holds approximately 46% of the world's total proven oil reserves and a quarter of the world's natural-gas reserves. 3515:

Morocco. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew from the conflict after signing a peace treaty with the Polisario. The war continued in low intensity throughout the 1980s, though Morocco made several attempts to take the upper hand in 1989–1991. A cease-fire agreement was finally reached between the Polisario Front and Morocco in September 1991.

3465:(also known as the First Gulf War and by various other names) was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the second longest conventional war of the 20th century. It was initially referred to in English as the "Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990. 4767:

Southeast along the coast from Djibouti is Somalia, but the Somali coast soon makes a 90-degree turn and heads northeast, mirroring a bend in the coast of Yemen across the water to the north and defining the south coast of the Gulf of Aden. The Somali coast then takes a hairpin turn back southwest to

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was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. Another one million people (a quarter of the population) were wounded, and today approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also a mass exodus of almost one

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The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia Islam insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Iraq was

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movies theaters. Apart from the history of Arab cinema, recently the portrayal of women became an important aspect in the production of Arab cinema. Arab women shaped a great portion of the film industry in the Arab world by employing their cinematic talents in improving the production of Arab films.

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The borders, which if you look on the maps of the middle-east are very straight lines, were drawn by British and French draftsmen who sat with maps and drew the lines of the frontiers with rulers. If the ruler for some reason or other moved on the map, because of some person's hand shaking, then the

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was fought in North Yemen between royalists of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen and factions of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1962 to 1970. The war began with a coup d'état carried out by the republican leader, Abdullah as-Sallal, which dethroned the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declared Yemen a

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Rapists are often treated leniently or acquitted in the Arab region if they marry their victims. 37% of Arab women experienced violence in their lifetime, but the numbers may be higher according to indicators. In some countries, the share of women experiencing violence and abuse by intimate partner

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While Egyptian and Lebanese cinema have a long history of production, most other Arab countries did not witness film production until after independence, and even today, the majority of film production in countries like Bahrain, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates is limited to

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Frishkopf: 61: "No universally accepted definition of 'the Arab world' exists, but it is generally assumed to include the twenty-two countries belonging to the Arab League that have a combined population of about 280 million (Seib 2005, 604). For the purposes of this introduction, this territorial

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Overall, the gender disparity in adult literacy is high in this region, and of the illiteracy rate, women account for two-thirds, with only 69 literate women for every 100 literate men. The average GPI (Gender Parity Index) for adult literacy is 0.72, and gender disparity can be observed in Egypt,

3934:. With the exception of Lebanon, Tunisia, Iraq, Palestine, and recently Mauritania, democratic elections throughout the Arab World are generally viewed as compromised, due to outright vote rigging, intimidation of opposition parties, and severe restraints on civil liberties and political dissent. 2388:

since it includes films from various countries and cultures of the Arab world and therefore does not have one form, structure, or style. In its inception, Arab cinema was mostly an imitation of Western cinema. However, it has and continues to constantly change and evolve. It mostly includes films

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Arab cinema has explored many topics from politics, colonialism, tradition, modernity and social taboos. It has also attempted to escape from its earlier tendency to mimic and rely on Western film devices. In fact, colonization did not only influence Arab films, but it also had an impact on Arab

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The Arab states are mostly, although not exclusively, developing economies and derive their export revenues from oil and gas, or the sale of other raw materials. Recent years have seen significant economic growth in the Arab World, due largely to an increase in oil and gas prices, which tripled

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While at first met with just minor resistance by the Polisario, Morocco later engaged a long period of guerilla warfare with the Sahrawi nationalists. During the late 1970s, the Polisario Front, desiring to establish an independent state in the territory, successively fought both Mauritania and

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was an armed struggle between the Sahrawi Polisario Front and Morocco between 1975 and 1991, being the most significant phase of the Western Sahara conflict. The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it transferred

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Various factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum that followed, which precipitated an aborted UN peacekeeping attempt in the mid-1990s. A period of decentralization ensued, characterized by a return to customary and religious law in many areas as well as the establishment of

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As an alternative to, or in combination with, the standard territorial definition, the Arab world may be defined as consisting of peoples and states united to at least some degree by Arabic language, culture or geographic contiguity, or those states or territories in which the majority of the

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in Arabia but on average just 150 kilometers wide. Though the sea is navigable along its length, historically much contact between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia has been either overland across the Sinai or by sea across the Mediterranean or the narrow Bab al Mendeb strait. From northwest to

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of Syria. The diverse Arab states generally maintained close ties but distinct national identities developed and strengthened with the social, historical and political realities of the past 60 years. This has made the idea of a pan-Arab nation-state increasingly less feasible and likely.

4685:, which has been a point of contact with Europe since its founding in the first millennium BCE; both Sicily and Malta at times have been part of the Arab World. Just across the Strait of Gibraltar from Morocco, regions of the Iberian peninsula were part of the Arab World throughout the 4645:

to the north. East along the coast from Morocco are Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, followed by Egypt, which forms the region's, and the continent's, northeastern corner. The coast turns briefly but sharply south at Tunisia, slopes more gently southeastward through the Libyan capital of

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administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, but not the sovereignty. In 1975, Moroccan government organized the Green March of some 350,000 Moroccan citizens, escorted by around 20,000 troops, who entered Western Sahara, trying to establish Moroccan presence.

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between 2001 and 2006, but also due to efforts by some states to diversify their economic base. Industrial production has risen, for example the amount of steel produced between 2004 and 2005 rose from 8.4 to 19 million tonnes. (Source: Opening speech of Mahmoud Khoudri,

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all recognize Arabic as an official or working language, but none of them is a member-state of the Arab League, although both Chad and Eritrea are observer states of the League (with possible future membership) and have large populations of Arabic speakers.

4194:'s Industry Minister, at the 37th General Assembly of the Iron & Steel Arab Union, Algiers, May 2006). However even 19 million tons pa still only represents 1.7% of global steel production, and remains inferior to the production of countries like 4576:(excluding Cyprus and Israel), most of Mesopotamia (excluding parts of Turkey and Iran) and the Persian Gulf region. The peninsula is roughly a tilted rectangle that leans back against the slope of northeast Africa, the long axis pointing toward 4985:

definition is combined with a linguistic one (use of the Arabic language, or its recognition as critical to identity), and thereby extended into multiple diasporas, especially the Americas, Europe, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and Australia."

3473:, 1979) and attacked without formal warning, they made only limited progress into Iran and were quickly repelled by the Iranians who regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982. For the next six years, Iran was on the offensive. 4276:

The total GDP of all Arab countries in 1999 was US$ 531.2 billion. The total Arab world GDP was estimated to be worth at least $ 2.8 trillion in 2011. This is only smaller than the GDP of the US, China, Japan and Germany.

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The term "Arab" often connotes the Arabian Peninsula, but the larger (and more populous) part of the Arab World is North Africa. Its eight million square kilometers include two of the largest countries of the African continent,

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record a high adult literacy rate of over 95%. The average rate of adult literacy shows steady improvement, and the absolute number of adult illiterates fell from 64 million to around 58 million between 1990 and 2000–2004.

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Without that imperial carve-up, Iraq would not be in the state it is in today...Gertrude Bell was one of two or three Britons who were instrumental in the creation of the Arab states in the Middle East that were favourable to

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in 2002, 2003 and 2004. These reports, written by researchers from the Arab world, address some sensitive issues in the development of Arab countries: women empowerment, availability of education and information among others.

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allies for control of the region. In 2011, a coordinated military operation between the Somali military and multinational forces began, which is believed to represent one of the final stages in the war's Islamist insurgency.

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Every Arab country borders a sea or ocean, with the exception of the Arab region of northern Chad, which is completely landlocked. Iraq is actually nearly landlocked, as it has only a very narrow access to the Persian Gulf.

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began to form a third force besides the classical dichotomy of Pan-Arabism vs. Pan-Islamism that had dominated the second half of the 20th century. These citizens wish for reform in their country's religious institutions.

4086:. The modern borders of Egypt, therefore, are not a creation of European powers, and are at least in part based on historically definable entities which are in turn based on certain cultural and ethnic identifications. 3836:

resulted in strained relations between many of the Arab states. After the war, a so-called "Damascus Declaration" formalized an alliance for future joint Arab defensive actions between Egypt, Syria, and the GCC states.

7453: 4622:(13–22°W). Nouakchott is the westernmost capital of the Arab World and the third-westernmost in Africa, and sits on the Atlantic fringe of the southwestern Sahara. Next south along the coast from Mauritania is 867:(Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Turkey), Egypt and the Maghreb (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Western Sahara Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) to be part of the Arab regions. 4145:

who drew the map between Iraq and Jordan, using transparent paper. She turned to talk to somebody and as she was turning the paper moved and the ruler moved and that added considerable territory to the (new)

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was another strong force in the region which peaked during the mid-20th century and was professed by many leaders in Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Syria, and Iraq. Arab Nationalist leaders of this period included

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of $ 2.85 trillion, as of 2021. The region is nevertheless diverse in many ways, and economically includes some of the wealthiest as well as poorest populations. The region mostly corresponds with the

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A chain of events leading to the destabilization of the authoritarian regimes established during the 1950s throughout the Arab world became apparent during the early years of the 21st century. The

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Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.

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Arab North Africa comprises the entire northern third of the continent. It is surrounded by water on three sides (west, north, and east) and desert or desert scrubland on the fourth (south).

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autonomous regional governments in the northern part of the country. The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations, culminating in the establishment of the

2308: 2525:, although their disenfranchisement is a critical factor crippling the Arab nations' quest to return to the first rank of global leaders in commerce, learning and culture, according to a 7273: 3620:, paired with demands for more democratic rights. The two most violent and prolonged conflicts in the aftermath of the Arab Spring are the Libyan Civil War and Syrian Civil War. 4662:

to its north, Tunisia marks the junction of western and eastern Mediterranean, and a cultural transition as well: west of Egypt begins the region of the Arab World known as the

1760:, although Arabic is not as widely spoken there. As members of the Arab League, however, they are considered part of the Arab world under the standard territorial definition. 1782:

language family. Although Arabic is widely spoken by many people in the north and urban areas in the south, Somali is the most widely used language, and contains many Arabic

4520:, and also leaving non-Arab minorities in Arab countries. However, the basic geography of sea, desert and mountain provides the enduring natural boundaries for this region. 823:. The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries; a project known as 7162:(31 January 2014). "A look at recent (2013) international survey data about Arab opinion", Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Fall 2013), 57–74. 6569: 1934:

are used as lingua franca. Various indigenous languages are also spoken, which predate the spread of the Arabic language. This contrasts with the situation in the wider

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The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of the Arabs, and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab world, a project known as

2347: 1801:, which is also an Afro-Asiatic language. The majority of the population speaks Somali and Afar, although Arabic is also widely used for trade and other activities. 5869: 4614:

make up the roughly 2,000 kilometers of Arab Atlantic coastline. The southwestern sweep of the coast is gentle but substantial, such that Mauritania's capital,

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have invited contact and Arab exploration—mostly friendly, though sometimes not. Islands and peninsulas near the Arab coast have changed hands. The islands of

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and French. Comorian is the most widely spoken language, with Arabic having a religious significance, and French being associated with the educational system.

1757: 4066:) have historically maintained geographically definable boundaries, on which some of the modern states are roughly based. The 14th-century Egyptian historian 998:

that aims, among other things, to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries and sets out the following definition of an Arab:

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Tilmatine Mohand, Substrat et convergences: Le berbére et l'arabe nord-africain (1999), in Estudios de dialectologia norteaafricana y andalusi 4, pp 99–119

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throughout Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan. There are also native Arab Christian communities in Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Kuwait and Tunisia.

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This standard territorial definition is sometimes seen to be inappropriate or problematic, and may be supplemented with certain additional elements (see

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there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region

8252: 4743:, and thus also between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia. This sea is a long and narrow waterway with a northwest tilt, stretching 2,300 kilometers from 953:. The majority of the vocabulary in these vernaculars is shared with Standard Arabic, but they also significantly borrow from other languages, such as 4842: 4783:

The east- and especially southeast-coast boundary of Arab Africa has historically been a gateway for maritime trade and cultural exchange with both

4046:. Arab nationalists who once opposed Islamic movements as a threat to their power, now deal with them differently for reasons of political reality. 7473: 7419: 7318: 4852: 897:

recognize Arabic as one of their official or working languages but are not included in the region because they are not members of the Arab League.

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region, standing for "Middle East and North Africa", is becoming increasingly popular, especially with support from the current US administration.

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than adults. Youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) in the Arab region increased from 63.9 to 76.3% from 1990 to 2002. The average rate of GCC States *

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The Arab states in changing alliances were involved in a number of wars with Israel and its western allies between 1948 and 1973, including the

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of 1958 to 1961. The Arab League's main goal is to unify politically the Arab populations so defined. Its permanent headquarters are located in

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also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of the revolutionary chaos in Iran (see

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Egypt's Bid for Arab Leadership: Implications for U.S. Policy, By Gregory L. Aftandilian, Published by Council on Foreign Relations, 1993,

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An Arab is a person whose language is Arabic, who lives in an Arab country, and who is in sympathy with the aspirations of the Arab people.

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Additionally, an upsurge in political Islam has since led to a greater emphasis on pan-Islamic rather than pan-Arab identity amongst some

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The political algebra of global value change: General models and implications for the Muslim world, with Almas Heshmati and Hichem Karoui

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In 2006, the TFG, assisted by Ethiopian troops, assumed control of most of the nation's southern conflict zones from the newly formed

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and the subcontinent. The trade winds help explain the presence of the Comoros islands, an Arab-African country, off the coast of

4626:, whose abrupt border belies the gradient in culture from Arab to indigenous African that historically characterizes this part of 3556:. It began in 1991, when a coalition of clan-based armed opposition groups ousted the nation's long-standing military government. 8222: 7223: 3977:. Historical divisions, competing local nationalisms, and geographical sprawl were major reasons for the failure of Pan-Arabism. 417: 5289: 4641:, the thirteen kilometer wide channel that connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic to the west, and separates Morocco from 7734: 6923: 6375: 5768: 5740: 5208:

Jastrow, Otto O. (2006), "Iraq", in Versteegh, Kees; Eid, Mushira; Elgibali, Alaa; Woidich, Manfred; Zaborski, Andrzej (eds.),

4101:, usually chosen by the same imperial powers that for some drew the new borders, for services rendered to European powers like 2873: 2191: 859:(Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen). He also considered Iraq, alongside 7185: 7137: 7097: 7043: 6992: 6952: 6931: 6866: 6797: 6204: 5221: 5132: 5025: 3930:: Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The other Arab countries are all 2439:

when other parts of the Arab world had only been able to sporadically produce feature-length films due to limited financing.

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Converted Moroccans — most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 —

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As of 2006, the Arab world accounts for two-fifths of the gross domestic product and three-fifths of the trade of the wider

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Language and change in the Arab Middle East: the evolution of modern political discourse Studies in Middle Eastern history

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of 2000 to 2001 heralded the possibility of democratic change, but the Baathist regime managed to suppress the movement.

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had been active in Egypt since 1928, their militant actions were limited to assassination attempts on political leaders.

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is used and Arabic is the primary liturgical language, but the tongue is not official at the state level or spoken as a

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southeast, Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea form the African coastline, with Djibouti marking Bab al Mendeb's African shore.

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The northern boundary of the African Arab world has also fluttered briefly in the other direction, first through the

4400: 4334: 3092: 2334: 2175: 6355: 4382: 4316: 8522: 8142: 8134: 7798: 1019: 984: 746: 435: 2446:. Three quarters of all Arab movies are produced in Egypt. According to film critic and historian Roy Armes, the 5570: 3561: 7880: 8302: 8064: 7658: 7112: 6700: 4930: 4378: 4301: 4202: 3970: 3169: 3088: 3076: 1913: 723: 99: 7124: 3659:

deposits in the 1930s, coupled with the vastly increased demand for petroleum in the west as a result of the

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The political borders of the Arab world have wandered, leaving Arab minorities in non-Arab countries of the

3176:, apart from brief intermittent Persian and Portuguese rule, has been self-governing since the 8th century. 2481:

are making wider and more frequent rounds than ever before in local film festivals and repertoire theaters.

8247: 8207: 8197: 7746: 5852:"'House-Churches' and Silent Masses —The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret – VICE News" 4996: 4251:

As of August 2009 it was reported that Saudi Arabia is the strongest Arab economy according to World Bank.

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imperial powers during the 19th and early 20th century. However, some of the larger states (in particular

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Historically the 4,000-kilometer Mediterranean boundary has fluttered. Population centers north of it in

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The Arab world straddles two continents, Africa and Asia. It is mainly oriented along an east–west axis.

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republic under his presidency. The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support.

3265: 3158: 3115: 2881:(also called the Mosque of Uqba) was founded in 670 by the Arab general and conqueror Uqba ibn Nafi. The 2450:

is the only other in the Arabic-speaking region, beside Egypt's, that could amount to a national cinema.

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The Middle East: Unity and diversity: Papers from the second Nordic conference on Middle Eastern studies

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Kronholm, Tryggve (1993). "Arab culture: Reality or fiction?". In Palva, Heikki; Vikør, Knut S. (eds.).

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Asfour, Nana (2000). "The Politics of Arab Cinema: Middle Eastern Filmmakers Face up to Their Reality".

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and the part of North-East Africa and South-West Asia. The eastern part of the Arab world is called the

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remains the top Arab economy in terms of total GDP. It is Asia's eleventh largest economy, followed by

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The Arab World stretches across more than 13,000,000 square kilometres (5,000,000 sq mi) of

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as a "flawed democracy" and all other Arab states as "authoritarian regimes". Similarly, the 2011

3628: 2064:, Ismailite pockets are also found in the eastern Al-Hasa region and the southern city of Najran. 8532: 8458: 8377: 8162: 7411: 4367: 4312: 3501: 2948: 2518: 2501: 2271: 1893: 1831: 6502:

Ancient Levantine Arabic: A Reconstruction Based on the Earliest Sources and the Modern Dialects

3222:. There were some short-lived attempts at such unification in the mid-20th century, notably the 1797:. It also has several formally recognized national languages; besides Somali, many people speak 753:, an international organization, which on top of the 19 plurality Arab states also includes the 7885: 7424: 7301: 7237:

Information and resources relating to energy, environment, and sustainability in the Arab world

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of late 2010 to the present have been directed against authoritarian leadership and associated

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between 1948 and 1972. Today small Jewish communities remain, ranging anywhere from just 10 in

1919: 1753: 916: 808: 797: 6591: 8542: 8443: 8177: 8172: 8049: 8029: 7840: 7810: 7592: 5713: 5042: 5015: 4117:. Another influential document written without the consensus of the local population was the 4114: 3995: 3841: 3729: 3530: 3524: 2421:. Egypt is a pioneer in the field, but each country in the region has its own unique cinema. 1779: 995: 6432: 5617: 4772:

winds blow from up equatorial Somalia, past Arabia and over the small Yemeni archipelago of

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There is increased interest in films originating in the Arab world. For example, films from

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Influences of culture on the styles of business behaviour between Western and Arab managers

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Morocco, and Yemen. Above all, the GPI of Yemen is only 0.46 in a 53% adult literacy rate.

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Pan-Arabism has mostly been abandoned as an ideology since the 1980s, and was replaced by

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The production of Arab cinema has declined in the last decades and many filmmakers in the

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Although no globally accepted definition of the Arab world exists, all countries that are

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A growing class of young, educated, secular citizens with access to modern media such as

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was conquered in 639, and gradually Arabized during the medieval period. A distinctively

2933:) and northern Arabia. Their expansion beyond Arabia and the Syrian desert is due to the 2470: 2123:

enclaves exist in the Nile Valley, Levant and northern Iraq respectively. There are also

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Please help update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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While the Arab world had been of limited interest to the European colonial powers, the

3507: 3488: 3482: 3470: 3309: 3199: 3127: 3041: 2247: 2195: 2120: 2100: 1900:. Additionally, Malta, though not part of the Arab world, has as its official language 1857: 1849: 1442: 274: 46: 8089: 4229:. In recent years a new term has been coined to define a greater economic region: the 1980: 8433: 8124: 8059: 7974: 7954: 7347: 7181: 7163: 7148: 7133: 7093: 7072: 7039: 7010: 6988: 6970: 6948: 6927: 6912:

as music and media in the Arab world: A metadiscourse". In Frishkopf, Michael (ed.).

6894: 6862: 6793: 6613: 6506: 6472: 6327: 6298: 6264: 6200: 6160: 6126: 6091: 5977: 5921: 5896: 5828: 5444: 5434: 5401: 5372: 5297: 5217: 5138: 5128: 5103: 5093: 5048: 5021: 4634: 4569: 4557: 4007: 4003: 3856: 3697: 3462: 3454: 3444: 3409: 3305: 3281: 2990: 2910: 2712: 2478: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2447: 2104: 2025: 1881: 1809: 1118: 860: 856: 774: 7027:

Instant nationalism: McArabism, al-Jazeera and transnational media in the Arab world

5772: 5271:

Simeone-Sinelle, Marie-Claude (2005). "Arabic Lingua Franca in the Horn of Africa".

4465:(1.9 million km) in the southeast. Algeria is about three-quarters the size of 4308: 3828:

joined a multinational coalition that opposed Iraq. Displays of support for Iraq by

2608: 2304: 742: 8367: 8074: 8039: 8009: 8004: 7979: 7788: 7674: 7505: 7465: 7147:. Rev., with a new preface. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. x, 406 p. 7031: 6886: 6353:

Gender equality in Arab world critical for progress and prosperity, UN report warns

6256: 6152: 6118: 6083: 5213: 4241: 4217:. The central stretch of the highway, expected to be completed in 2010, will cross 3978: 3752: 3597: 3593: 3549: 3543: 3457:(1980–1988) killed more than 500,000 people before a UN-brokered ceasefire ended it 3207: 3135: 3123: 3119: 3031: 3024: 3016: 2994: 2198: 1923: 1901: 1853: 1775: 1585: 1217: 966: 962: 954: 878: 812: 486: 7518: 4802:

The southern boundary of Arab North Africa is the strip of scrubland known as the

3898:

For the states and territories constituting the Arab world, see definition above.

3319:

since 1893 following the disintegration of the Second Saudi State and the rise of

8418: 8387: 8382: 8227: 8167: 8114: 8044: 8024: 7999: 7989: 7890: 7768: 7206: 7054: 7025: 7000: 6960: 6913: 6880: 6848: 6637: 6359: 6194: 6122: 5951: 5944: 5624: 4748: 4038: 4019: 4015: 3987: 3887: 3868: 3761: 3324: 3203: 3139: 3063:, much of the Arab world came to be controlled by the European colonial empires: 2952: 2537:

According to the United Nations, 14% of Arab girls are married by the age of 18.

2522: 2474: 2140: 2124: 2116: 1794: 1767: 1749: 1718: 1690: 1661: 1632: 1603: 1570: 1548: 1533: 1504: 1475: 1446: 1417: 1384: 1355: 1322: 1293: 1264: 1235: 1202: 1173: 1155: 1140: 1122: 1103: 1074: 1041: 958: 874: 848: 699: 638: 6908:

Frishkopf, Michael (2010). "Introduction: Music and media in the Arab world and

4817: 4693:

and leaving a substantial mark on local and wider European and Western culture.

3099:, a British protectorate formed by the sheikhdoms on the former "Pirate Coast". 1979:. The reason given is: Relating to the Arab world survey conducted by the BBC. ( 8423: 8262: 8157: 8152: 8119: 8109: 8099: 8069: 7994: 7984: 7865: 7793: 7688: 7117: 6940: 6762: 6530: 5344: 4908: 4705: 4647: 4599: 4591: 4505: 4110: 4034: 3999: 3883: 3717: 3644: 3428: 3394: 3096: 3068: 3005: 2945:(modern Syria, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Lebanon ) between 636 and 640 CE. 2882: 2878: 2526: 2362: 2235: 820: 811:, the Arab world was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates. 766: 6087: 5801: 3945:

sought to unite all Arabic-speaking countries into one political entity. Only

2024:

law exists partially in the legal system in some countries (especially in the

8511: 8428: 8054: 8034: 7969: 7921: 7835: 7523: 7006: 6775: 6630: 6331: 6268: 6130: 6095: 5966:

Harper and Yuow, 1970, quote on page 38. The brackets are displayed by Lewis.

5749:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative" 5448: 5301: 5142: 5069:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative" 4752: 4142: 4083: 4071: 4023: 3782: 3721: 3675: 3652: 3602: 3340: 3336: 3285: 3194: 3189: 3080: 3049: 3020: 2997:

in the 13th century. Egypt, the Levant and Hejaz also came under the Turkish

2978: 2930: 2155: 2112: 1935: 1841: 1798: 1725: 882: 731: 6400: 5562: 5259: 5247: 5235: 5107: 4523: 3449: 1738: 30:

This article is about geographical region. For the geopolitical entity, see

8463: 8104: 7964: 7959: 7815: 7741: 7693: 7563: 7368: 7335: 6876: 6785: 6297:(New rev. ed.). Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. 5736: 4867: 4823: 4796: 4474: 4420: 4266: 4254: 4183: 4098: 4043: 3991: 3938: 3825: 3685: 3671: 3667: 3316: 3293: 3242: 3154: 3103: 2425: 2219: 2108: 2076: 2061: 1500: 912: 778: 695: 584: 540: 300: 7241: 6748: 5122: 2973:

The culture of Sudan today depends on the tribe, some have a pure Nubian,

2634: 474: 8079: 7936: 7783: 7778: 7724: 7703: 7597: 7580: 6854: 6352: 6156: 5087: 5041:

Mellor, Noha; Rinnawi, Khalil; Dajani, Nabil; Ayish, Muhammad I. (2013).

4847: 4784: 4686: 4633:

Arab Africa's boundary to the north is again a continental boundary, the

4627: 3942: 3636: 3613: 3589: 3424: 3420: 3331:, the Al Saud dynasty's former capital. He went on to subdue the rest of 3268:

was a 30-year-long military and political campaign, by which the various

3219: 3060: 2974: 2898: 2868: 2790: 2752: 2561: 2492:

gathered to hold a meeting and discuss the current state of Arab cinema.

2489: 2429: 2385: 2379: 2033: 2006: 1756:

is official in all of them. Several states have declared Arabic to be an

988: 978: 907: 824: 796:, the Arab world has a total population of 456 million inhabitants and a 770: 750: 706:, there are also significant populations of other ethnic groups such as 464: 31: 6339: 2962:

was also conquered in the 7th century, and gradually Arabized under the

1731:

When an ancillary linguistic definition is used in combination with the

8014: 7926: 7855: 7575: 7310: 6966: 6276: 5975: 5771:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from 5186: 4792: 4788: 4655: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4480:

At the other extreme, the smallest autonomous mainland Arab country is

4236: 4206: 4067: 3923: 3790: 3648: 3390: 2926: 2914: 2778: 2726: 2045: 2029: 1943: 1771: 1351: 840: 793: 600: 556: 478: 451: 235: 5181: 4858:

List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language

2816: 2764: 2660: 2242:. In Mauritania the rate is lower than the average, at less than 50%. 2146:

Smaller ethno-religious minorities across the Arab League include the

2103:. Small native Christian communities can be found also throughout the 7698: 7551: 7513: 7323: 5839:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity 5428: 4528: 4265:, which were the second and third largest economies in Africa, after 4168: 3689: 3656: 3632: 3273: 2918: 2738: 2223: 2163: 2128: 1927: 1873: 1834:

may concurrently be considered a constituent part of the Arab world.

1783: 781:

in the southeast. The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the

7167: 6708: 6260: 4352: 4319:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 3700:

became a problem in the Arab world in the 1970s to 1980s. While the

8438: 8147: 7643: 7201: 7060: 6500: 5870:"'Christians Enjoy Religious Freedom': Church-State ties excellent" 4756: 4697: 4690: 4689:, extending the northern boundary at times to the foothills of the 4682: 4651: 4537: 3931: 3927: 3860: 3845: 3813: 3681: 2963: 2922: 2886: 2674: 2315:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

1790: 1136: 864: 758: 394: 7053:

Sullivan, Earl L.; Ismael, Jacqueline S., eds. (1991). "Preface".

4654:, before turning straight east again through Egypt's second city, 7092:. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. 7064: 6858: 4773: 4769: 4732: 4725: 4663: 4623: 4619: 4595: 4485: 4481: 4458: 4448: 4431: 4425: 4262: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4191: 4079: 4070:, for instance, defines Egypt's boundaries as extending from the 3962: 3806: 3798: 3786: 3778: 3766: 3725: 3693: 3553: 3385: 3277: 3143: 3131: 3102:

These Arab states only gained their independence during or after

3009: 2959: 2890: 2622: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2394: 2355: 2351: 2243: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2147: 2136: 2088: 2049: 2041: 2021: 2010: 2002: 1930:), serves as an official language in the Arab League states, and 1869: 1819: 1805: 1763: 1628: 1529: 1380: 1289: 1099: 1070: 1037: 950: 936: 890: 786: 782: 762: 754: 719: 715: 707: 595: 578: 573: 534: 491: 407: 381: 339: 248: 209: 144: 131: 94: 6074:

Ghareeb, Shirin (September 1997). "An overview of Arab cinema".

5017:

Everyday Arab Identity: The Daily Reproduction of the Arab World

737:

The Arab world is at its minimum defined as the 19 states where

702:. While the majority of people in the Arab world are ethnically 4736: 4717: 4701: 4674: 4670: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4513: 4509: 4470: 4195: 4128:, Efraim Halevy, now a director at the Hebrew University said, 4125: 4094: 4055: 3915: 3829: 3802: 3712: 3576: 3575:, which have since been fighting the Somali government and its 3401: 3360: 3328: 3013: 2942: 2929:, and numerous other groups were prevalent in southern Levant ( 2906: 2842: 2804: 2648: 2406: 2259: 2251: 2231: 2151: 2096: 2057: 1951: 1889: 1885: 1823: 1260: 1231: 925: 894: 727: 589: 562: 545: 196: 183: 4141:

There was a famous story about a British consul, a lady named

3034:

arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other

815:

arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other

27:

Geographical and cultural region in Africa and the Middle East

8242: 6919: 4803: 4777: 4760: 4744: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4678: 4659: 4642: 4501: 4466: 4462: 4270: 4258: 4214: 4210: 4176: 4172: 4097:

were placed as semi-autonomous rulers over the newly created

4075: 4063: 4059: 3966: 3958: 3954: 3946: 3926:

are represented in the Arab World: Some of the countries are

3821: 3817: 3744: 3368: 3367:

from 1927 until it was further consolidated with Al-Hasa and

3356: 3352: 3348: 3269: 3231: 3227: 2967: 2830: 2700: 2596: 2511: 2443: 2436: 2398: 2390: 2255: 2159: 2084: 2080: 2065: 2053: 2017: 1947: 1877: 1845: 1830:

Israel is not a part of the Arab world. By some definitions,

1686: 1599: 1566: 1471: 1318: 1169: 905:

The linguistic and political denotation inherent in the term

870: 711: 703: 622: 611: 606: 567: 551: 523: 518: 495: 365: 326: 313: 287: 222: 157: 6722: 6468:, éd. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, p. 248 6466:

Tracing the Way: Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions

4931:"Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | Data" 4768:

complete the horn of Africa. For six months of the year the

3571:(ICU). The ICU splintered into more radical groups, notably 3363:) between 1913 and 1926. The resultant polity was named the 3300:, this process created what is sometimes referred to as the 3157:

had fragmented with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and was

991:

are generally acknowledged as being part of the Arab world.

4832: 4740: 4681:

lie just a hundred kilometers east of the Tunisian city of

4666:

include (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania).

4517: 4230: 4090: 4054:

Many of the modern borders of the Arab World were drawn by

3950: 3809:

as "partly free", and all other Arab states as "not free".

3770: 3344: 3332: 3234:

during the 1980s, after Egypt was expelled for signing the

3173: 2938: 2686: 2402: 2167: 2092: 2069: 2037: 1938:, where, in contiguous Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan, the 1865: 1837: 1815: 1413: 1198: 1023: 886: 738: 529: 261: 170: 7281: 7234: 5893:

Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia

5331:

Georgetown University-Center for Contemporary Arab Studies

4484:(10,452 km), and the smallest island Arab country is 4429:. Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania are the 4201:

The main economic organisations in the Arab World are the

3812:

The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq forces, led to the 1990–91

2166:(in Iraq). Formerly, there were significant minorities of 2020:, and the religion has official status in most countries. 694:, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in 7217: 5092:. Philip K. Hitti. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. 4618:(18°N, 16°W), is far enough west to share longitude with 4442: 2348:

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

2276:

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

1904:. The language is grammatically akin to Maghrebi Arabic. 1861: 6815:"Poking at the Beast: How much is the Arab world worth?" 6525:

Bechtold, Peter R (1991). "More Turbulence in Sudan" in

5040: 3027:

also held sway in the southern part of the Horn region.

2977:, or Arabic culture and some have a mixture of Arab and 745:

of the population. At its maximum it consists of the 22

5606:

Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents

5127:(First paperback ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books. 5044:

Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries

3245:

on one hand, and individual nationalisms on the other.

3172:

also seceded directly from the Ottoman Empire in 1918.

7160:

A Look at International Survey Data About Arab Opinion

6654:"Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity by Martin Kramer" 6109:

Elgamal, Amal (3 April 2014). "Cinema and its image".

4461:(2.4 million km) in the center of the region and 4124:

As former director of the Israeli intelligence agency

2560:

Table of largest cities in the Arab world by official

6548:"E. African Nations Back Kenyan Offensive in Somalia" 2495: 6965:. Nordic proceedings in Asian studies. Vol. 5. 4959:"GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$ ) | Data" 4813: 4658:, at the mouth of the Nile. Along with the spine of 1724:

population speaks Arabic, and thus may also include

1698: 1669: 1640: 1611: 1578: 1541: 1512: 1483: 1454: 1425: 1392: 1363: 1330: 1301: 1272: 1243: 1210: 1181: 1148: 1111: 1082: 1049: 680: 663: 646: 7180:(1st ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York. 6882:

War of visions: Conflict of identities in the Sudan

6681:. Los Angeles World Affairs Council. Archived from 4637:. This boundary begins in the west with the narrow 4029:Later and current Arab Nationalist leaders include 2016:The majority of people in the Arab world adhere to 1981:

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48703377

1898:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

1013: 8253:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 6745:"World Bank: Saudi Arabia, strongest Arab economy" 6173: 5918:Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics 3296:was proclaimed. Carried out under the charismatic 2162:(mainly in Syria and also in Lebanon, Jordan) and 4843:Arabic language influence on the Spanish language 3670:is particularly well-endowed with this strategic 3059:When the Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of 2299:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 2072:, where Ibadis constitute around 75% of Muslims. 1950:constitute around one quarter of the 1.5 billion 8509: 6295:Arab cinema : history and cultural identity 6251:Hennebelle, Guy (November 1976). "Arab Cinema". 6181:Arab Filmmakers of the Middle East: a Dictionary 5976:Global Education Monitoring Report Team (2015). 5608:, Volume 13, (Africana Pub. Co.: 1985), p.B-116. 5396: 5394: 5367: 5365: 4853:International Association of Arabic Dialectology 4806:that crosses the continent south of the Sahara. 4590:In the west, it is bounded by the shores of the 4273:is the richest developing country in the world. 3886:and to establish democratic reforms and greater 3036:nationalisms within the declining Ottoman Empire 2435:A sustained film industry was able to emerge in 6590:. Freedomhouse.org. 10 May 2004. Archived from 5595:, (Center for Applied Linguistics: 1993), p.15. 5430:The best divisions for knowledge of the regions 5273:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 5210:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 4650:, and bumps north through Libya's second city, 2032:. The majority of the Arab countries adhere to 7052: 5827:. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253. 5161:World101 from the Council on Foreign Relations 4700:and later through the imperial involvement of 4508:as well as in the Middle Eastern countries of 3973:considered the short-lived unification of the 3751:Today, Arab states are characterized by their 3259: 1778:. Both Arabic and Somali belong to the larger 1752:are spoken in a number of Arab League states, 57:13,132,327 km (5,070,420 sq mi) 8283:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7730:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 7659: 7267: 7002:Nasserist ideology: its exponents and critics 5980:(Report). UNESCO. ED/EFA/MRT/2015/RO/02 REV 2 5825:Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam 5391: 5362: 4780:. They then switch directions and blow back. 3292:, between 1902 and 1932, when the modern-day 2970:from Egypt during the 8th to 11th centuries. 2079:adherents in the Arab world, particularly in 885:), is not included in the region. Similarly, 7145:Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939 6669: 6667: 6541: 6539: 5563:"Somaliland Republic : Country Profile" 5426: 4469:, or about one-and-a-half times the size of 3312:states that existed under the Al Saud clan. 3008:controlled most of the Arab world. However, 2984: 944: 930: 674: 657: 5728: 5530: 5528: 5504:: a handbook, (Greenwood Press: 2007), p.1. 5290:"Why the Arab world has an identity crisis" 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4799:, the southernmost part of the Arab World. 4381:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3255:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 3179: 837:Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions 7666: 7652: 7274: 7260: 6812: 6250: 6196:Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity 5790: 5706:"How Many Muslims Are There in the World?" 5676: 5591:Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor, 4903: 4901: 3614:popular protests throughout the Arab world 3495: 3371:into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. 1402:is the second official language (minority) 1220:is the second official language (minority) 1059:is the second official language (minority) 45: 7214:— Directories of all Arab world countries 6907: 6664: 6536: 6498: 6076:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 5769:"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada" 5427:al-Muqaddasī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (2001). 5320: 5318: 4568:The West Asian Arab region comprises the 4401:Learn how and when to remove this message 4335:Learn how and when to remove this message 4082:in the east and the oases of the Western/ 3893: 2442:Arabic cinema is dominated by films from 2335:Learn how and when to remove this message 1732: 1007: 8363:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 8293:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 8258:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 7056:The contemporary study of the Arab world 6958: 6545: 5525: 5481: 5402:"Arab League Warns of Civil War in Iraq" 5013: 4965: 4716:. Another visitor from northern shores, 4522: 4495: 4441: 4235: 4167: 3905: 3735: 3711: 3627: 3601: 3552:is an ongoing civil war taking place in 3518: 3448: 3384: 3374: 3193: 3040: 2872: 2556:List of largest cities in the Arab world 2505: 2214: 2170:throughout the Arab World. However, the 2001: 1737: 8238:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 8223:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 7113:Imperialism and Class in the Arab World 7023: 6846: 6629:Boms, Nir Tuvia and Hussein Aboubakr. 6108: 6073: 5684:"Hassaniyya – A language of Mauritania" 5207: 4898: 4269:, in 2006. In terms of GDP per capita, 3859:(since 1996) and communicating via the 3688:were on the rise during the 1980s. The 3230:. However, it was moved temporarily to 1840:has about 1.5 million Arabic speakers. 1793:has two official languages, Arabic and 1766:has two official languages, Arabic and 1712: 972: 935:"everyday/colloquial language") in the 14: 8510: 8233:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 7282:Geographical distribution of languages 7172: 6998: 6924:The American University in Cairo Press 6673: 6317: 6292: 6288: 6286: 6192: 5867: 5822: 5735: 5593:The Somalis: their history and culture 5373:"Arab League Sends Delegation to Iraq" 5324: 5315: 4997:"The Arab World – an Arab perspective" 3901: 3202:(center) receiving Algerian president 2955:language emerged by the 16th century. 2913:. Arab tribes and federations such as 2199:practices of slavery in the Arab world 1808:has three official languages: Arabic, 7647: 7255: 6985:Africa: A Biography of the Continent. 6969:: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. 6774: 6698: 6660:from the original on 25 October 2009. 6370: 6368: 6246: 6244: 6146: 6142: 6140: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 5937: 5710:About.com Religion & Spirituality 5598: 5120: 5085: 3476: 1514:al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sa‘ūdīyah 7673: 6875: 6676:"Winds of Change in the Middle East" 6460: 5915: 5890: 4838:List of Arab countries by population 4379:adding citations to reliable sources 4346: 4284: 4244:is one of the seven emirates of the 4049: 2279: 1961: 1671:al-Imārāt al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah 8273:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 7090:French Policy toward the Arab World 6546:Heinlein, Peter (22 October 2011). 6283: 5861: 5753:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs 5611: 5463:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 5329:. Washington, D.C., United States: 5073:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs 4863:List of Muslim states and dynasties 4163: 3537: 3327:clan. In 1902, Ibn Saud recaptured 3248: 3023:in the 16th to 17th centuries. The 2885:is located in the historic city of 2238:(ages 15 and older) in this region 1694: 1665: 1636: 1607: 1574: 1537: 1508: 1479: 1450: 1421: 1388: 1359: 1326: 1297: 1268: 1239: 1206: 1177: 1144: 1107: 1078: 1045: 945: 931: 852: 675: 658: 642: 24: 8213:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 7735:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 7104: 6527:Sudan: State and Society in Crisis 6413:from the original on 30 March 2004 6365: 6311: 6241: 6186: 6137: 6056: 5741:"Arab Christians: An Introduction" 5157:"Middle East – People and Society" 2532: 2496:Gender equality and women's rights 2384:There is no single description of 2270:Literacy rate is higher among the 2211:Higher Education in the Arab World 2028:), while others are legislatively 25: 8574: 8278:Palestine Liberation Organization 7195: 6915:Music and media in the Arab world 6910:Music and media in the Arab world 5743:. Arabic Bible Outreach Ministry. 5573:from the original on 2 March 2001 3707: 3410:unresolved geopolitical conflicts 3315:The Al-Saud had been in exile in 3093:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 2549: 919:is used by the government. Local 8492: 8491: 8218:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 7901:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 7626: 7625: 7240: 6947:Cambridge, Mass.: Warner Books. 6825:from the original on 11 May 2011 6723:"World Steel Association – Home" 6699:Royle, Trevor (3 January 2016). 6674:Halevy, Efraim (16 April 2015). 6199:. American Univ in Cairo Press. 6044:from the original on 5 June 2007 6032:"Regional overview: Arab States" 6012:from the original on 5 June 2007 6000:"Regional overview: Arab States" 5089:The Arabs : a short history 4994: 4816: 4351: 4289: 4113:released the full text, was the 3438: 2862: 2841: 2815: 2789: 2763: 2737: 2711: 2685: 2659: 2633: 2607: 2373: 2284: 1966: 1726:populations of the Arab diaspora 1679: 1650: 1621: 1592: 1559: 1522: 1493: 1464: 1435: 1406: 1373: 1344: 1311: 1282: 1253: 1224: 1191: 1162: 1129: 1125:are the other official languages 1092: 1063: 1030: 1020:Member states of the Arab League 1014:Member states of the Arab League 915:considerations. In Arab states, 765:. The region stretches from the 616: 605: 594: 583: 572: 561: 550: 539: 528: 517: 444: 436:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 428: 400: 387: 374: 358: 345: 332: 319: 306: 293: 280: 267: 254: 241: 228: 215: 202: 189: 176: 163: 150: 137: 124: 7861:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 6813:El-Shenawi, Eman (5 May 2011). 6806: 6768: 6765:, GDP by country classification 6755: 6737: 6715: 6692: 6646: 6623: 6606: 6580: 6562: 6519: 6492: 6454: 6425: 6401:"Demographia World Urban Areas" 6393: 6346: 6220: 6102: 6024: 5992: 5969: 5956: 5909: 5884: 5844: 5816: 5761: 5698: 5649: 5640: 5585: 5555: 5546: 5537: 5516: 5507: 5494: 5472: 5455: 5420: 5337: 5282: 5265: 5253: 5241: 5229: 5201: 5174: 5149: 5114: 5079: 5061: 4594:. From northeast to southwest, 4137:He went on to give an example, 4133:frontier moved (with the hand). 3647:being mostly interested in the 3562:Transitional Federal Government 3393:on October 7, 1973, during the 3389:Egyptian vehicles crossing the 3304:, to differentiate it from the 3012:remained under the rule of the 2060:have large Shia minorities. In 1907: 1848:, a southwestern region in the 1733:standard territorial definition 1588:is the second official language 1008:ancillary linguistic definition 855:) to refer to the lands of the 839:, 10th century Arab geographer 8303:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 8065:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 6945:A History of the Arab Peoples. 6588:"Freedom House Country Report" 6362:, E-joussour (21 October 2008) 5978:Regional overview: Arab States 5034: 5014:Phillips, Christopher (2012). 5007: 4988: 4951: 4937: 4923: 4880: 4203:Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 4078:in the south; and between the 3692:, a militant Islamic party in 3583: 3404:in 1948 has given rise to the 3214:in Alexandria, September 1964. 3170:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 3077:French protectorate of Morocco 2937:of the 7th and 8th centuries. 1914:Demographics of the Arab world 1774:has three, Arabic, Somali and 1551:is the first official language 1158:is the other official language 830: 785:, and the western part as the 13: 1: 6570:"The haves and the have-nots" 6461:Küng, Hans (31 August 2006). 5467:Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic 5465:(2011); Harrell, Richard S.: 4874: 4735:defines the boundary between 3882:, was launched to oppose the 3492:million people from Lebanon. 3073:British protectorate of Egypt 3019:, which was succeeded by the 2367:Arab human development report 1758:official or national language 900: 881:derives from Arabic (through 8248:Federation of Arab Republics 8208:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 8198:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 7799:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7747:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 7248:travel guide from Wikivoyage 6151:. Indiana University Press. 6123:10.1080/17550912.2014.918320 5349:Council on Foreign Relations 4280: 3876:Egyptian Movement for Change 3741:Saudi Arabian-led airstrikes 3661:Second Industrial Revolution 3623: 3206:(right) and Iraqi president 2901:historically originate as a 2510:A women's rights protest in 2204: 1876:, the Arabic dialect of the 802:Middle East and North Africa 7: 8373:Flag of the Arab Federation 8203:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 8193:Arab Socialist Action Party 7069:University of Alberta Press 7036:University Press of America 6147:Armes, Roy (8 March 2018). 5635:Central Intelligence Agency 5491:, (GRIN Verlag: 2009), p.2. 4945:"GDP (current US$ ) | Data" 4888:"Arab World – Surface area" 4809: 4556: Expansion during the 4546: Expansion during the 4415:Geography of the Arab world 4315:the claims made and adding 3850:execution of Saddam Hussein 3844:led to the collapse of the 3728:shortly after the American 3266:unification of Saudi Arabia 3260:Unification of Saudi Arabia 3116:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 2540: 2529:-sponsored report in 2008. 2454:television or short films. 2192:slavery in the Muslim world 1957: 1699: 1670: 1641: 1612: 1579: 1542: 1513: 1484: 1455: 1426: 1393: 1364: 1331: 1302: 1273: 1244: 1211: 1182: 1149: 1112: 1083: 1050: 911:is generally dominant over 734:throughout the Arab world. 681: 664: 647: 10: 8579: 8344:On the Way of Resurrection 8337:The Battle for One Destiny 8268:Lebanese National Movement 7709:Third International Theory 7224:Arab countries information 7130:Oxford University Press US 6840: 6643:. 2022. 20 January 2022. 6237:– via Find Articles. 6149:Roots of the New Arab Film 5920:. Routledge. p. 109. 5500:Dwight Fletcher Reynolds, 4412: 3842:2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq 3757:lack of democratic control 3587: 3541: 3522: 3499: 3480: 3442: 3378: 3252: 3183: 2866: 2855: 2851: 2553: 2499: 2377: 2208: 2048:majority countries, while 1911: 1860:provinces and the city of 1716: 1666:الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة 1017: 976: 949:"common language") in the 863:(Iraq, Syria and Turkey), 773:in the east, and from the 676:اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ 506:Major cities of Arab world 29: 8487: 8396: 8353: 8321: 8298:Unified Political Command 8188:Arab Nationalist Movement 8133: 8085:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 7945: 7914: 7881:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 7752:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 7717: 7681: 7621: 7532: 7504: 7464: 7410: 7356: 7309: 7300: 7287: 6891:The Brookings Institution 6499:al-Jallad, Ahmad (2012). 6228:"FindArticles.com | CBSi" 6111:Contemporary Arab Affairs 6088:10.1080/10669929708720114 5916:Held, Colbert C. (2008). 5895:. ABC-CLIO. p. 200. 5891:Shaw, Jeffrey M. (2019). 5623:27 September 2021 at the 5489:The League of Arab States 5121:Rogan, Eugene L. (2011). 5086:Hitti, Philip K. (1996). 5047:. John Wiley & Sons. 5020:. Routledge. p. 94. 3918:, Saudi Arabia, July 2022 3433:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 3400:The establishment of the 3365:Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz 3236:Camp David Accords (1978) 2985:Ottoman and colonial rule 2350:was 94%, followed by the 2226:lining up for class, 2009 1975:This article needs to be 501: 484: 470: 460: 105: 93: 85: 77: 69: 61: 53: 44: 7806:1952 Egyptian revolution 7143:Hourani, Albert (1983). 7024:Rinnawi, Khalil (2006). 6847:Baumann, Andrea (2006). 6636:16 November 2022 at the 6358:6 September 2015 at the 5964:Race and Color in Islam, 3180:Rise of Arab nationalism 3163:Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia 2883:Great Mosque of Kairouan 2879:Great Mosque of Kairouan 2182:, to more than 1,000 in 1509:المملكة العربية السعودية 643:اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ 8523:Country classifications 8459:Palestinian nationalism 8378:Flag of the Arab Revolt 7871:1966 Syrian coup d'état 7851:1963 Syrian coup d'état 7831:1961 Syrian coup d'état 7412:Germanic-speaking world 6999:Rejwan, Nissim (1974). 5552:Sullivan and Ismael: ix 4150:Historian Jim Crow, of 4089:At other times, kings, 3696:, was founded in 1982. 3502:Western Sahara conflict 3496:Western Sahara conflict 3294:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2966:. Islam was brought to 2523:equality of opportunity 2519:Women in the Arab world 2502:Women in the Arab world 1926:(symptomatic of Arabic 1894:Cypriot Maronite Arabic 1832:Arab citizens of Israel 873:, an island country in 659:اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ 73:29.839/km (70.37/sq mi) 7886:1969 Libyan revolution 7764:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 7302:Romance-speaking world 7220:— Arab world directory 7207:INFOSAMAK – Arab world 6701:"Games With Frontiers" 6380:UN Women | Arab States 6293:Shafik, Viola (2007). 6193:Shafik, Viola (2007). 5868:Sharaf, Nihal (2012). 5325:Tamari, Steve (2008). 4562: 4536: Expansion under 4453: 4248: 4179: 4161: 4148: 4135: 4107:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali 4074:in the north to lower 3919: 3894:States and territories 3785:report classifies the 3748: 3733: 3640: 3609: 3607:2011 Bahraini uprising 3458: 3397: 3284:were conquered by the 3215: 3056: 3046:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt 2941:was conquered in 633, 2894: 2515: 2234:, the average rate of 2227: 2158:(mainly in Iraq), the 2068:Islam is practiced in 2013: 1954:in the Islamic world. 1920:Modern Standard Arabic 1880:ethnic minority, as a 1745: 1004: 809:post-classical history 798:gross domestic product 682:al-ummah al-ʿarabiyyah 440:Extended definition: 370:Extended definition: 8444:Jordanian nationalism 8178:Arab Islamic Republic 8173:Arab Higher Committee 8050:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 8030:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 7841:North Yemen civil war 7774:Arab–Israeli conflict 7593:Uralic-speaking world 7506:Celtic-speaking world 7466:Slavic-speaking world 6983:Reader, John (1997). 6941:Hourani, Albert Habib 5798:"2010 Census Results" 5248:Arabic, Hijazi Spoken 4995:Khan, Zafarul-Islam. 4526: 4496:Historical boundaries 4477:(2 million km). 4445: 4239: 4171: 4156: 4139: 4130: 4115:Sykes-Picot Agreement 3996:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 3909: 3878:, popularly known as 3795:electoral democracies 3777:as "hybrid regimes", 3739: 3715: 3631: 3605: 3531:North Yemen Civil War 3525:North Yemen Civil War 3519:North Yemen Civil War 3452: 3417:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3406:Arab–Israeli conflict 3388: 3381:Arab–Israeli conflict 3379:Further information: 3375:Arab–Israeli conflict 3197: 3184:Further information: 3044: 3004:By 1570, the Turkish 2876: 2867:Further information: 2827:United Arab Emirates 2509: 2218: 2172:Arab–Israeli conflict 2005: 1852:; others inhabit the 1741: 1000: 996:regional organisation 994:The Arab League is a 819:movements within the 669:), also known as the 424:Minimum definition: 120:Minimum definition: 8479:Tunisian nationalism 8449:Lebanese nationalism 8409:Egyptian nationalism 8404:Algerian nationalism 8308:United Arab Republic 8183:Arab Liberation Army 8163:Arab Ba'ath Movement 8020:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 7122:Ayalon, Amy (1987). 6877:Deng, Francis Mading 6751:on 30 November 2009. 6157:10.2307/j.ctt22p7j4k 5950:1 April 2001 at the 5823:Carnes, Nat (2012). 5657:"Middle East – Iran" 5236:Arabic, Najdi Spoken 5124:The Arabs: A History 4452:(Western Arab world) 4375:improve this section 4246:United Arab Emirates 4152:Newcastle University 4012:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 3975:United Arab Republic 3910:Arab leaders at the 3848:regime and ultimate 3639:pipelines and fields 3618:political corruption 3569:Islamic Courts Union 3435:was signed in 1979. 3224:United Arab Republic 3148:United Arab Emirates 3112:Syrian Arab Republic 3054:Egyptian Ottoman War 2858:History of the Arabs 2305:improve this article 2174:prompted their mass 1844:are mainly found in 1713:Ancillary linguistic 1658:United Arab Emirates 973:Standard territorial 921:vernacular languages 853:أَقَالِيمُ ٱلْعَرَبِ 777:in the north to the 353:United Arab Emirates 8469:Sahrawi nationalism 7826:1959 Mosul uprising 7759:Great Syrian Revolt 7086:Saint-Prot, Charles 6987:New York: Vintage. 6781:The Crisis of Islam 6688:on 6 December 2010. 6441:Government of Dubai 6376:"Facts and Figures" 5716:on 26 December 2018 5487:Benjamin Hätinger, 5279:– via Academia.edu. 5260:Arabic, Gulf Spoken 4909:"Arab World | Data" 4639:Strait of Gibraltar 4119:Balfour Declaration 3922:Different forms of 3902:Forms of government 3408:, one of the major 3298:Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud 3198:Egyptian president 3186:Islam and modernity 3108:Republic of Lebanon 3065:Mandatory Palestine 2317:footnote references 1940:Perso-Arabic script 1918:In the Arab world, 1743:Varieties of Arabic 923:are referred to as 804:(MENA) definition. 769:in the west to the 41: 8558:Historical regions 8474:Syrian nationalism 8454:Libyan nationalism 8414:Greater Mauritania 8330:The Arab Awakening 8313:United Arab States 8288:Rejectionist Front 8095:Gamal Abdel Nasser 7906:Yemeni unification 7896:Lebanese Civil War 7876:17 July Revolution 7846:Ramadan Revolution 7821:14 July Revolution 7292:Language geography 7202:Arab League Online 7116:(September 2016), 6550:. Voice of America 6433:"History of Dubai" 5662:The World Factbook 5630:The World Factbook 5327:Who are the Arabs? 5182:"Jordan and Syria" 4563: 4548:Rashidun Caliphate 4454: 4300:possibly contains 4249: 4180: 4103:the British Empire 4031:Muammar al-Gaddafi 3984:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3920: 3749: 3734: 3702:Muslim Brotherhood 3641: 3610: 3508:Western Sahara War 3489:Lebanese Civil War 3483:Lebanese Civil War 3477:Lebanese Civil War 3471:Iranian Revolution 3459: 3398: 3216: 3212:Arab League summit 3200:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3128:Kingdom of Morocco 3095:and the so-called 3057: 2905:group in southern 2895: 2516: 2228: 2186:and some 3,000 in 2121:Assyrian Christian 2014: 1850:Khuzestan Province 1746: 665:al-waṭan al-ʿarabī 648:al-ʿālam al-ʿarabī 70:Population density 39: 8505: 8504: 8434:Iraqi nationalism 8125:Constantin Zureiq 7975:Abdul Rahman Arif 7955:Butrus al-Bustani 7641: 7640: 7406: 7405: 7187:978-1-62948-899-8 7138:978-0-19-504140-8 7098:978-9948-00-336-6 7045:978-0-7618-3439-7 7009:: Halsted Press. 6993:978-0-679-40979-3 6953:978-0-674-39565-7 6933:978-977-416-293-0 6868:978-3-638-86642-2 6799:978-0-8129-6785-2 6784:. New York City: 6529:. ed. John Voll ( 6471:. A&C Black. 6206:978-977-416-065-3 5854:. 23 March 2015. 5345:"The Arab League" 5223:978-90-04-14474-3 5134:978-0-465-02504-6 5027:978-1-136-21960-3 4751:southeast to the 4731:To the east, the 4635:Mediterranean Sea 4610:by Morocco), and 4570:Arabian Peninsula 4558:Umayyad Caliphate 4411: 4410: 4403: 4345: 4344: 4337: 4302:original research 4175:, the capital of 4050:Modern boundaries 4008:Shukri al-Kuwatli 4004:Constantin Zureiq 3753:autocratic rulers 3698:Islamic terrorism 3427:of 1967, and the 3351:(location of the 3302:Third Saudi State 3282:Arabian Peninsula 3146:in 1962, and the 3030:The sentiment of 2991:Abbasid Caliphate 2911:Arabian peninsula 2849: 2848: 2521:are still denied 2448:cinema of Lebanon 2354:at 83.2% and the 2345: 2344: 2337: 2194:developed out of 2105:Arabian Peninsula 2026:Arabian Peninsula 2000: 1999: 1882:national language 1710: 1709: 879:national language 861:Upper Mesopotamia 857:Arabian Peninsula 792:According to the 775:Mediterranean Sea 631: 630: 16:(Redirected from 8570: 8528:Cultural regions 8495: 8494: 8368:Eagle of Saladin 8075:Amin al-Husseini 8040:Faisal I of Iraq 8010:Sultan al-Atrash 8005:Mansur al-Atrash 7980:Abdul Salam Arif 7789:War of Attrition 7675:Arab nationalism 7668: 7661: 7654: 7645: 7644: 7629: 7628: 7307: 7306: 7276: 7269: 7262: 7253: 7252: 7244: 7191: 7082: 7049: 7032:Lanham, Maryland 7020: 6980: 6937: 6904: 6887:Washington, D.C. 6872: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6772: 6766: 6759: 6753: 6752: 6747:. Archived from 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6725:. Worldsteel.org 6719: 6713: 6712: 6711:on 7 March 2003. 6707:. Archived from 6696: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6680: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6650: 6644: 6627: 6621: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6543: 6534: 6533:(Boulder)) p. 1. 6523: 6517: 6516: 6505:. ProQuest LLC. 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6412: 6405: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6372: 6363: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6290: 6281: 6280: 6248: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6190: 6184: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6106: 6100: 6099: 6071: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6043: 6037:. UNESCO. 2007. 6036: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6011: 6005:. UNESCO. 2007. 6004: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5973: 5967: 5960: 5954: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5880:on 2 April 2015. 5876:. 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Historically, 1995: 1992: 1986: 1970: 1969: 1962: 1924:Classical Arabic 1702: 1696: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1673: 1667: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1644: 1638: 1627: 1625: 1624: 1615: 1609: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1582: 1576: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1545: 1539: 1528: 1526: 1525: 1516: 1510: 1499: 1497: 1496: 1487: 1481: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1458: 1452: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1429: 1423: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1396: 1390: 1379: 1377: 1376: 1367: 1361: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1334: 1328: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1305: 1299: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1276: 1270: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1247: 1241: 1230: 1228: 1227: 1214: 1208: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1185: 1179: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1152: 1146: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1115: 1109: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1086: 1080: 1069: 1067: 1066: 1053: 1047: 1036: 1034: 1033: 1024: 969:in the Maghreb. 948: 947: 934: 933: 854: 813:Arab nationalism 741:form at least a 684: 678: 677: 667: 661: 660: 652:), formally the 650: 644: 621: 620: 610: 609: 599: 598: 588: 587: 577: 576: 566: 565: 555: 554: 544: 543: 533: 532: 522: 521: 450: 448: 447: 434: 432: 431: 406: 404: 403: 393: 391: 390: 380: 378: 377: 364: 362: 361: 351: 349: 348: 338: 336: 335: 325: 323: 322: 312: 310: 309: 299: 297: 296: 286: 284: 283: 273: 271: 270: 260: 258: 257: 247: 245: 244: 234: 232: 231: 221: 219: 218: 208: 206: 205: 195: 193: 192: 182: 180: 179: 169: 167: 166: 156: 154: 153: 143: 141: 140: 130: 128: 127: 114:sovereign states 81:$ 2.782 trillion 49: 42: 38: 21: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8567: 8563:Eastern culture 8553:Arabic language 8508: 8507: 8506: 8501: 8483: 8419:Greater Morocco 8392: 8388:Pan-Arab colors 8383:Hawk of Quraish 8349: 8317: 8168:Arab Federation 8129: 8115:Abdullah Rimawi 8090:Mostéfa Merarda 8045:Muammar Gaddafi 8025:Ahmed Ben Bella 8000:Jamal al-Atassi 7990:Bashar al-Assad 7941: 7910: 7891:Black September 7769:Anglo-Iraqi War 7713: 7677: 7672: 7642: 7637: 7617: 7603:Hindustani list 7533:Other languages 7528: 7519:Scottish Gaelic 7500: 7460: 7402: 7352: 7296: 7283: 7280: 7231:— Arab articles 7198: 7188: 7107: 7105:Further reading 7079: 7046: 7017: 6977: 6934: 6901: 6869: 6843: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6811: 6807: 6800: 6773: 6769: 6760: 6756: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6728: 6726: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6697: 6693: 6685: 6678: 6672: 6665: 6652: 6651: 6647: 6638:Wayback Machine 6628: 6624: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6459: 6455: 6445: 6443: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6406:. Demographia. 6403: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6374: 6373: 6366: 6360:Wayback Machine 6351: 6347: 6316: 6312: 6305: 6291: 6284: 6261:10.2307/3010963 6249: 6242: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6191: 6187: 6178: 6174: 6167: 6145: 6138: 6107: 6103: 6082:(11): 119–127. 6072: 6057: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5974: 5970: 5962:Bernard Lewis, 5961: 5957: 5952:Wayback Machine 5942: 5938: 5928: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5889: 5885: 5866: 5862: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5821: 5817: 5807: 5805: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5778: 5776: 5775:on 15 July 2021 5767: 5766: 5762: 5747: 5733: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5645: 5641: 5625:Wayback Machine 5616: 5612: 5603: 5599: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5542: 5538: 5533: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5499: 5495: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5460: 5456: 5441: 5433:. Garnet publ. 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5400: 5399: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5371: 5370: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5323: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5270: 5266: 5258: 5254: 5246: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5216:, p. 414, 5212:, vol. 2, 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5135: 5119: 5115: 5100: 5084: 5080: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5012: 5008: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4966: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4907: 4906: 4899: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4872: 4822: 4815: 4812: 4755:strait between 4749:Sinai peninsula 4561: 4553: 4551: 4543: 4541: 4533: 4498: 4488:(665 km). 4417: 4407: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4372: 4356: 4341: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4306: 4294: 4290: 4283: 4213:'s border with 4166: 4052: 4039:Bashar al-Assad 4020:Mehdi Ben Barka 4016:Habib Bourguiba 3988:Ahmed Ben Bella 3904: 3896: 3888:civil liberties 3869:Damascus Spring 3762:Democracy Index 3710: 3626: 3600: 3588:Main articles: 3586: 3564:(TFG) in 2004. 3546: 3540: 3527: 3521: 3504: 3498: 3485: 3479: 3447: 3441: 3402:State of Israel 3383: 3377: 3355:holy cities of 3280:of most of the 3262: 3257: 3251: 3210:(left) for the 3204:Ahmed Ben Bella 3192: 3182: 3140:Somali Republic 2987: 2953:Egyptian Arabic 2903:Central Semitic 2871: 2865: 2860: 2854: 2558: 2552: 2543: 2535: 2533:Child marriages 2504: 2498: 2382: 2376: 2341: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2302: 2293:This section's 2289: 2285: 2222:schoolgirls in 2213: 2207: 2141:Arab Christians 2075:There are also 2044:, however, are 2009:mass prayer in 1996: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1932:Arabic dialects 1922:, derived from 1916: 1910: 1892:also recognize 1754:Literary Arabic 1750:Arabic dialects 1721: 1719:Arabic language 1715: 1680: 1678: 1651: 1649: 1622: 1620: 1593: 1591: 1560: 1558: 1523: 1521: 1494: 1492: 1465: 1463: 1436: 1434: 1407: 1405: 1374: 1372: 1345: 1343: 1312: 1310: 1283: 1281: 1254: 1252: 1225: 1223: 1192: 1190: 1163: 1161: 1130: 1128: 1093: 1091: 1064: 1062: 1031: 1029: 1022: 1016: 981: 975: 917:Standard Arabic 903: 883:Sicilian Arabic 875:Southern Europe 833: 730:is used as the 700:Northern Africa 627: 615: 614: 604: 603: 593: 592: 582: 581: 571: 570: 560: 559: 549: 548: 538: 537: 527: 526: 516: 513: 512: 456: 445: 443: 429: 427: 421: 420: 418:de facto states 412: 401: 399: 388: 386: 375: 373: 359: 357: 346: 344: 333: 331: 320: 318: 307: 305: 294: 292: 281: 279: 268: 266: 255: 253: 242: 240: 229: 227: 216: 214: 203: 201: 190: 188: 177: 175: 164: 162: 151: 149: 138: 136: 125: 123: 117: 116: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8576: 8566: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8533:Horn of Africa 8530: 8525: 8520: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8488: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8400: 8398: 8397:Related topics 8394: 8393: 8391: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8359: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8347: 8340: 8333: 8325: 8323: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8263:Islamic Legion 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8153:Al-Mourabitoun 8150: 8145: 8139: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8122: 8120:Hamdeen Sabahi 8117: 8112: 8110:Fuad al-Rikabi 8107: 8102: 8100:Adnan Pachachi 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8070:Saddam Hussein 8067: 8062: 8060:Sati' al-Husri 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7995:Hafez al-Assad 7992: 7987: 7985:Zaki al-Arsuzi 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7951: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7918: 7916: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7866:Aden Emergency 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7811:Iraqi Intifada 7808: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7796: 7794:Yom Kippur War 7791: 7786: 7781: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7744: 7739: 7738: 7737: 7727: 7721: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7689:Arab socialism 7685: 7683: 7679: 7678: 7671: 7670: 7663: 7656: 7648: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7635: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7578: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7536: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7481: 7476: 7470: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7457: 7456: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7434: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7416: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7315: 7313: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7271: 7264: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7238: 7232: 7226: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7204: 7197: 7196:External links 7194: 7193: 7192: 7186: 7170: 7158:Tausch, Arno. 7156: 7141: 7120: 7118:Monthly Review 7106: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7083: 7077: 7050: 7044: 7021: 7015: 6996: 6981: 6975: 6956: 6938: 6932: 6905: 6899: 6873: 6867: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6819:Alarabiya News 6805: 6798: 6776:Lewis, Bernard 6767: 6763:World Factbook 6754: 6736: 6714: 6691: 6663: 6645: 6622: 6605: 6594:on 10 May 2011 6579: 6561: 6535: 6531:Westview Press 6518: 6511: 6491: 6477: 6453: 6424: 6392: 6364: 6345: 6310: 6304:978-9774160653 6303: 6282: 6240: 6219: 6205: 6185: 6172: 6165: 6136: 6117:(2): 225–245. 6101: 6055: 6023: 5991: 5968: 5955: 5936: 5926: 5908: 5901: 5883: 5860: 5843: 5833: 5815: 5789: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5727: 5697: 5675: 5648: 5639: 5610: 5597: 5584: 5554: 5545: 5536: 5524: 5515: 5506: 5493: 5480: 5471: 5454: 5439: 5419: 5390: 5361: 5336: 5314: 5281: 5264: 5252: 5240: 5228: 5222: 5200: 5173: 5148: 5133: 5113: 5098: 5078: 5060: 5054:978-0745637365 5053: 5033: 5026: 5006: 4987: 4964: 4950: 4936: 4922: 4897: 4892:indexmundi.com 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4811: 4808: 4759:in Africa and 4600:Western Sahara 4592:Atlantic Ocean 4572:, most of the 4552: 4542: 4532: 4506:Horn of Africa 4497: 4494: 4413:Main article: 4409: 4408: 4391:September 2023 4359: 4357: 4350: 4343: 4342: 4325:September 2023 4297: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4165: 4162: 4051: 4048: 4035:Hafez al-Assad 4000:Zaki al-Arsuzi 3903: 3900: 3895: 3892: 3884:Mubarak regime 3867:In Syria, the 3718:Saddam Hussein 3709: 3708:Recent history 3706: 3676:rentier states 3651:as a route to 3645:British Empire 3625: 3622: 3585: 3582: 3542:Main article: 3539: 3536: 3523:Main article: 3520: 3517: 3500:Main article: 3497: 3494: 3481:Main article: 3478: 3475: 3443:Main article: 3440: 3437: 3429:Yom Kippur War 3395:Yom Kippur War 3376: 3373: 3261: 3258: 3253:Main article: 3250: 3247: 3181: 3178: 3097:Trucial States 3089:French Algeria 3085:French Tunisia 3069:Mandatory Iraq 3006:Ottoman Empire 2986: 2983: 2864: 2861: 2856:Main article: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2776: 2773: 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843:used the term 832: 829: 821:Ottoman Empire 767:Atlantic Ocean 722:, among other 629: 628: 626: 625: 510: 509: 508: 503: 502:Largest cities 499: 498: 489: 482: 481: 472: 468: 467: 462: 458: 457: 455: 454: 441: 438: 425: 415: 414: 413: 411: 410: 397: 384: 371: 368: 355: 342: 329: 316: 303: 290: 277: 264: 251: 238: 225: 212: 199: 186: 173: 160: 147: 134: 121: 111: 110: 109: 107: 103: 102: 97: 91: 90: 87: 86:GDP per capita 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8575: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8498: 8490: 8489: 8486: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8429:Greater Yemen 8427: 8425: 8424:Greater Syria 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8395: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8339: 8338: 8334: 8332: 8331: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8320: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8135:Organizations 8132: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8055:George Habash 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8035:Izzat Darwaza 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7970:Yasser Arafat 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7947:Personalities 7944: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7922:Arab identity 7920: 7919: 7917: 7913: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7836:Arab Cold War 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7669: 7664: 7662: 7657: 7655: 7650: 7649: 7646: 7634: 7633: 7624: 7623: 7620: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7537: 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6254: 6253:MERIP Reports 6247: 6245: 6229: 6223: 6208: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6189: 6182: 6176: 6168: 6166:9780253031730 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6141: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6105: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6040: 6033: 6027: 6008: 6001: 5995: 5979: 5972: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5949: 5946: 5940: 5933: 5929: 5927:9780429962004 5923: 5919: 5912: 5904: 5902:9781440839337 5898: 5894: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5840: 5836: 5834:9781475903423 5830: 5826: 5819: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5786: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5737:Phares, Walid 5731: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5685: 5679: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5643: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5614: 5607: 5604:Colin Legum, 5601: 5594: 5588: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5549: 5540: 5531: 5529: 5519: 5510: 5503: 5502:Arab folklore 5497: 5490: 5484: 5475: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5440:1-85964-136-9 5436: 5432: 5431: 5423: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5395: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5319: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5294:The Economist 5291: 5285: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5261: 5256: 5249: 5244: 5237: 5232: 5225: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5204: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5177: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5117: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5099:0-89526-706-3 5095: 5091: 5090: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5056: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5037: 5029: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5010: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4961:. World Bank. 4960: 4954: 4947:. World Bank. 4946: 4940: 4933:. World Bank. 4932: 4926: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4819: 4814: 4807: 4805: 4800: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4781: 4779: 4776:, to rain on 4775: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4753:Bab-el-Mandeb 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4606:unilaterally 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4559: 4549: 4539: 4531:'s expansion 4530: 4525: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4416: 4405: 4402: 4394: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4360:This section 4358: 4354: 4349: 4348: 4339: 4336: 4328: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4298:This section 4296: 4287: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4185: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4155: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4143:Gertrude Bell 4138: 4134: 4129: 4127: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4099:nation states 4096: 4092: 4087: 4085: 4084:Libyan desert 4081: 4077: 4073: 4072:Mediterranean 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4024:Shakib Arslan 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3914:+3 summit in 3913: 3908: 3899: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3874:In 2003, the 3872: 3870: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3783:Freedom House 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3722:Firdos Square 3720:'s statue in 3719: 3714: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3653:British India 3650: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3535: 3532: 3526: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3493: 3490: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3466: 3464: 3463:Iran–Iraq War 3456: 3455:Iran–Iraq War 3451: 3446: 3445:Iran–Iraq War 3439:Iran–Iraq War 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3341:Jebel Shammar 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3321:Jebel Shammar 3318: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3286:House of Saud 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3190:Arab Cold War 3187: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3153:By contrast, 3151: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3138:in 1958, the 3137: 3134:in 1956, the 3133: 3129: 3126:in 1952, the 3125: 3122:in 1951, the 3121: 3118:in 1946, the 3117: 3113: 3110:in 1943, the 3109: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3081:Italian Libya 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3051: 3050:Egyptian Army 3047: 3043: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3021:Saadi dynasty 3018: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931:Syrian Desert 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2909:and northern 2908: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2863:Early history 2859: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801:Saudi Arabia 2800: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645:Saudi Arabia 2644: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2557: 2547: 2546:reaches 70%. 2538: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2424:Elsewhere in 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2381: 2374:Film industry 2371: 2368: 2365:published an 2364: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2336: 2328: 2325:December 2022 2318: 2314: 2313:inappropriate 2310: 2306: 2300: 2298: 2291: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2230:According to 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936:Islamic world 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:Iranian Arabs 1839: 1835: 1833: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1720: 1703: 1701: 1692: 1688: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1663: 1659: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1634: 1630: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1605: 1601: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1581: 1572: 1568: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1544: 1535: 1531: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1506: 1502: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1477: 1473: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1448: 1444: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1419: 1415: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1386: 1382: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1357: 1353: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1324: 1320: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1295: 1291: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1266: 1262: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1237: 1233: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1204: 1200: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1175: 1171: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1142: 1138: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1105: 1101: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1076: 1072: 1061: 1058: 1054: 1052: 1043: 1039: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1011: 1009: 1003: 999: 997: 992: 990: 986: 980: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 942: 938: 928: 927: 922: 918: 914: 910: 909: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 866: 862: 858: 850: 846: 842: 838: 835:In page 9 of 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 732:lingua franca 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 683: 672: 668: 666: 655: 654:Arab homeland 651: 649: 640: 636: 624: 619: 613: 608: 602: 597: 591: 586: 580: 575: 569: 564: 558: 553: 547: 542: 536: 531: 525: 520: 515: 514: 507: 504: 500: 497: 493: 490: 488: 483: 480: 476: 473: 469: 466: 463: 459: 453: 442: 439: 437: 426: 423: 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Retrieved 6818: 6808: 6786:Random House 6780: 6770: 6757: 6749:the original 6739: 6727:. Retrieved 6717: 6709:the original 6704: 6694: 6683:the original 6648: 6640: 6631:"Religions." 6625: 6608: 6596:. Retrieved 6592:the original 6582: 6573: 6564: 6552:. Retrieved 6526: 6521: 6501: 6494: 6482:. Retrieved 6467: 6463: 6456: 6444:. Retrieved 6436: 6427: 6415:. Retrieved 6395: 6383:. Retrieved 6379: 6348: 6326:(1): 46–48. 6323: 6319: 6313: 6294: 6255:(52): 4–12. 6252: 6231:. Retrieved 6222: 6210:. Retrieved 6195: 6188: 6180: 6179:Armes, Roy. 6175: 6148: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6079: 6075: 6046:. Retrieved 6026: 6014:. Retrieved 5994: 5982:. Retrieved 5971: 5963: 5958: 5943:Lewis 1994, 5939: 5931: 5917: 5911: 5892: 5886: 5878:the original 5874:Arabia Times 5873: 5863: 5855: 5846: 5838: 5824: 5818: 5806:. Retrieved 5802:the original 5792: 5784: 5777:. Retrieved 5773:the original 5763: 5752: 5730: 5718:. Retrieved 5714:the original 5709: 5700: 5688:. Retrieved 5678: 5666:. Retrieved 5660: 5651: 5646:Rinnawi: xvi 5642: 5628: 5613: 5605: 5600: 5592: 5587: 5575:. Retrieved 5566: 5557: 5548: 5539: 5534:Kronholm: 14 5518: 5509: 5501: 5496: 5488: 5483: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5461:Wehr, Hans: 5457: 5429: 5422: 5410:. Retrieved 5405: 5381:. Retrieved 5376: 5352:. Retrieved 5348: 5339: 5333:. p. 1. 5326: 5305:. Retrieved 5293: 5284: 5276: 5272: 5267: 5262:. Ethnologue 5255: 5250:. Ethnologue 5243: 5238:. Ethnologue 5231: 5209: 5203: 5191:. Retrieved 5185: 5176: 5164:. Retrieved 5160: 5151: 5123: 5116: 5088: 5081: 5072: 5063: 5043: 5036: 5016: 5009: 5000: 4990: 4953: 4939: 4925: 4913:. Retrieved 4911:. World Bank 4891: 4882: 4868:Muslim world 4824:World portal 4801: 4797:Indian Ocean 4782: 4766: 4730: 4695: 4668: 4632: 4589: 4586: 4567: 4564: 4499: 4490: 4479: 4475:Saudi Arabia 4455: 4447: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4421:North Africa 4418: 4397: 4388: 4373:Please help 4361: 4331: 4322: 4299: 4275: 4267:South Africa 4255:Saudi Arabia 4253: 4250: 4200: 4188: 4184:Muslim world 4181: 4157: 4154:, has said: 4149: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4123: 4088: 4053: 4044:Arab Muslims 4028: 4026:of Lebanon. 4018:of Tunisia, 3992:Michel Aflaq 3990:of Algeria, 3939:World War II 3936: 3921: 3897: 3879: 3873: 3866: 3854: 3839: 3826:Saudi Arabia 3811: 3760: 3750: 3686:Pan-Islamism 3680: 3672:raw material 3668:Persian Gulf 3665: 3642: 3611: 3566: 3558: 3547: 3528: 3513: 3505: 3486: 3467: 3460: 3431:of 1973. An 3414: 3399: 3317:Ottoman Iraq 3314: 3301: 3289: 3263: 3243:Pan-Islamism 3240: 3217: 3167: 3155:Saudi Arabia 3152: 3104:World War II 3101: 3058: 3029: 3003: 2993:fell to the 2988: 2972: 2957: 2947: 2896: 2562:city propers 2559: 2544: 2536: 2517: 2487: 2483: 2456: 2452: 2441: 2434: 2426:North Africa 2423: 2383: 2360: 2346: 2331: 2322: 2307:by removing 2294: 2269: 2265: 2229: 2145: 2109:North Africa 2074: 2062:Saudi Arabia 2015: 1988: 1976: 1917: 1908:Demographics 1836: 1829: 1814: 1803: 1788: 1780:Afro-Asiatic 1762: 1747: 1730: 1722: 1697: 1668: 1639: 1610: 1577: 1540: 1511: 1501:Saudi Arabia 1482: 1453: 1424: 1391: 1362: 1329: 1300: 1271: 1242: 1209: 1180: 1147: 1110: 1081: 1048: 1005: 1001: 993: 982: 946:ٱلْعَامِيَّة 940: 924: 913:genealogical 906: 904: 869: 845:Arab regions 844: 836: 834: 806: 791: 779:Indian Ocean 736: 696:Western Asia 691: 687: 679: 670: 662: 653: 645: 634: 632: 461:Dependencies 301:Saudi Arabia 36: 8538:Middle East 8158:Arab Ba'ath 8080:Salah Jadid 7937:Arabization 7784:Six-Day War 7779:Suez Crisis 7725:Arab Revolt 7704:Pan-Arabism 7598:Esperantujo 7581:Malay world 7564:Persosphere 6855:Norderstedt 6620:, pages 6–8 6598:13 February 6464:Hans Kung, 5984:23 November 5720:28 November 5412:13 February 5383:13 February 5307:20 November 4848:Arab League 4785:East Africa 4687:Middle Ages 4628:West Africa 4527:Map of the 4146:Jordanians. 3971:North Yemen 3943:Pan-Arabism 3765:classifies 3759:. The 2016 3747:, June 2015 3590:Arab Spring 3584:Arab Spring 3425:Six-Day War 3421:Suez Crisis 3419:, the 1956 3220:Pan-Arabism 3061:World War I 2869:Arabization 2753:Kuwait City 2656:100–200 AD 2601:16,225,000 2579:Population 2490:Middle East 2430:Middle East 2386:Arab cinema 2380:Arab cinema 2220:Palestinian 2196:pre-Islamic 2034:Sunni Islam 2007:Eid al-Fitr 1789:Similarly, 989:Arab League 979:Arab League 932:الدَّارِجَة 831:Terminology 825:Pan-Arabism 817:nationalist 771:Arabian Sea 751:Arab League 692:Arab states 671:Arab nation 465:Arab League 65:456,520,777 32:Arab League 18:Arab States 8518:Arab world 8512:Categories 8322:Literature 8015:Tariq Aziz 7932:Arab world 7927:Arab Union 7856:Dhofar War 7608:Tamil list 7576:Indosphere 7540:Arab world 7474:Macedonian 7425:Anglophone 7319:Portuguese 7311:Iberophone 7246:Arab world 7218:Araboo.com 7110:Ajl, Max. 6967:Copenhagen 6788:. p. 6729:17 October 6554:23 October 6484:17 October 6233:5 February 6212:2 February 5779:17 January 5690:17 October 5668:24 October 5577:13 October 5567:archive.ph 5543:Rejwan: 52 5513:Baumann: 8 5354:2 November 5187:Ethnologue 4875:References 4793:Madagascar 4789:Mozambique 4656:Alexandria 4616:Nouakchott 4612:Mauritania 4309:improve it 4207:Mauritania 4068:Al-Maqrizi 4033:of Libya, 4010:of Syria, 3986:of Egypt, 3928:monarchies 3924:government 3890:in Egypt. 3857:Al Jazeera 3791:Mauritania 3649:Suez Canal 3573:Al-Shabaab 3391:Suez Canal 3323:under the 3274:sheikhdoms 2981:elements. 2927:Ghassanids 2915:Nabataeans 2835:3,805,000 2809:3,875,000 2783:4,370,000 2779:Casablanca 2757:4,660,000 2731:4,870,000 2727:Alexandria 2705:4,995,000 2679:5,345,000 2653:6,030,000 2627:7,960,000 2358:at 73.6%. 1944:vernacular 1896:under the 1872:recognize 1784:loan words 1772:Somaliland 1394:al-Maghrib 1352:Mauritania 1084:al-Baḥrayn 1051:al-Jazā’ir 901:Definition 841:Al Maqdisi 794:World Bank 688:Arabsphere 635:Arab world 601:Casablanca 557:Alexandria 471:Time zones 452:Somaliland 236:Mauritania 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