1375:, leaving about 5,600 casualties (Union 3,000, Confederate 2,600) along the 800-yard (700 m) road. And yet, a great opportunity presented itself. If this broken sector of the Confederate line were exploited, Lee's army would be divided in half and possibly defeated. There were ample forces available to do so. There was a reserve of 3,500 cavalry and the 10,300 infantrymen of General Porter's V Corps, waiting near the middle bridge, a mile away. The VI Corps, under Major General William B. Franklin, had just arrived with 12,000 men. The Rebels, under Manning, had made a second assault on the high ground to the left (held by Greene) overlooking the road that temporarily around noon, but Smith's Division of VI Corps recaptured it. Franklin was ready to exploit this breakthrough, but Sumner, the senior corps commander, ordered him not to advance. Franklin appealed to McClellan, who left his headquarters in the rear to hear both arguments but backed Sumner's decision, ordering Franklin and Hancock to hold their positions. McClellan never lost this ground for the remainder of the battle and eventually had amassed 44 guns on it.
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divisions of Early, Walker, and McLaws, and in less than half an hour
Sedgwick's men were forced to retreat in great disorder to their starting point with over 2,200 casualties, including Sedgwick himself, who was taken out of action for several months by a wound. Sumner has been condemned by most historians for his "reckless" attack, his lack of coordination with the I and XII Corps headquarters, losing control of French's division when he accompanied Sedgwick's, failing to perform adequate reconnaissance prior to launching his attack, and selecting the unusual battle formation that was so effectively flanked by the Confederate counterattack. Historian M. V. Armstrong's recent scholarship, however, has determined that Sumner did perform appropriate reconnaissance and his decision to attack where he did was justified by the information available to him.
985:, was subject to artillery fire from the heights near Sharpsburg. But the upper bridge was 2 miles (3 km) east of the Confederate guns and could be crossed safely. McClellan planned to commit more than half his army to the assault, starting with two corps, supported by a third, and if necessary a fourth. He intended to launch a simultaneous diversionary attack against the Confederate right with a fifth corps, and he was prepared to strike the center with his reserves if either attack succeeded. The skirmish in the East Woods served to signal McClellan's intentions to Lee, who prepared his defenses accordingly. He shifted men to his left flank and sent urgent messages to his two commanders who had not yet arrived on the battlefield: Lafayette McLaws with two divisions and A.P. Hill with one division.
2117:; Sears remarks that "there is no doubt that a good many of the 1,771 men listed as missing were in fact dead, buried uncounted in unmarked graves where they fell." McPherson, p. 129, gives ranges for the Confederate losses: 1,546â2,700 dead, 7,752â9,024 wounded. He states that more than 2,000 of the wounded on both sides died from their wounds. Priest, p. 343, reports 12,882 Union casualties (2,157 killed, 9,716 wounded, 1,009 missing or captured) and 11,530 Confederate (1,754 killed, 8,649 wounded, 1,127 missing or captured). Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite Union casualties of 12,469 (2,010 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing or captured) and 10,292 Confederate (1,567 killed, 8,725 wounded for September 14â20, plus approximately 2,000 missing or captured).
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South
Carolinians attacked the 16th Connecticut on Rodman's left flank in the cornfield of farmer John Otto. The Connecticut men had been in service for only three weeks, and their line disintegrated with 185 casualties. The 4th Rhode Island came up on the right, but they had poor visibility amid the high stalks of corn, and they were disoriented because many of the Confederates were wearing Union uniforms captured at Harpers Ferry. They also broke and ran, leaving the 8th Connecticut far out in advance and isolated. They were enveloped and driven down the hills toward Antietam Creek. A counterattack by regiments from the Kanawha Division fell short.
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2457:, refer to these organizations as Corps, that designation was not formally made until November 6, 1862, after the Maryland Campaign. Longstreet's unit was referred to as the Right Wing, Jackson's the Left Wing, for most of 1862. (General Lee referred in official correspondence to these as "commands". See, for instance, Luvaas and Nelson, p. 4. Lee used this term because a Confederate law forbade the creation of army corps. It had been intended as a states' rights measure to ensure that governors would retain some control over the troops from their state, and Lee lobbied strongly for repeal of this law.) Harsh,
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their sectors. Moreover, McClellan's headquarters were more than a mile in the rear (at the Philip Pry house, east of the creek). This made it difficult for him to control the separate corps. This is why the battle progressed the next day as essentially three separate, mostly uncoordinated battles: morning in the northern end of the battlefield, midday in the center, and afternoon in the south. This lack of coordination and concentration of McClellan's forces almost completely nullified the two-to-one advantage the Union enjoyed. It also allowed Lee to shift his defensive forces to meet each offensive.
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Burnside concentrated his plan instead on storming the bridge while simultaneously crossing a ford McClellan's engineers had identified a half mile (1 km) downstream, but when
Burnside's men reached it, they found the banks too high to negotiate. While Colonel George Crook's Ohio brigade prepared to attack the bridge with the support of Brigadier General Samuel Sturgis's division, the rest of the Kanawha Division and Brigadier General Isaac Rodman's division struggled through thick brush trying to locate Snavely's Ford, 2 miles (3 km) downstream, intending to flank the Confederates.
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Lee had as many as 100,000 men at
Sharpsburg caused him to delay his attack for a day. This gave the Confederates more time to prepare defensive positions and allowed Longstreet's corps to arrive from Hagerstown and Jackson's corps, minus A.P. Hill's division, to arrive from Harpers Ferry. Jackson defended the left (northern) flank, anchored on the Potomac, Longstreet the right (southern) flank, anchored on the Antietam, a line that was about 4 miles (6 km) long. (As the battle progressed and Lee shifted units, these corps boundaries overlapped considerably.)
1091:) began advancing down and astride the turnpike, into the cornfield, and in the West Woods, pushing aside Jackson's men. They were halted by a charge of 1,150 men from Starke's brigade, leveling heavy fire from 30 yards (30 m) away. The Confederate brigade withdrew after being exposed to fierce return fire from the Iron Brigade, and Starke was mortally wounded. The Union advance on the Dunker Church resumed and cut a large gap in Jackson's defensive line, which teetered near collapse. Although the cost was steep, Hooker's corps was making steady progress.
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Woods from the
Nicodemus Farm, where they had been supporting Jeb Stuart's horse artillery. Some officers of the Iron Brigade rallied men around the artillery pieces of Battery B, 4th U.S. Artillery, and Gibbon himself saw to it that his previous unit did not lose a single caisson. Hood's men bore the brunt of the fighting, however, and paid a heavy priceâ60% casualtiesâbut they were able to prevent the defensive line from crumbling and held off the I Corps. When asked by a fellow officer where his division was, Hood replied, "Dead on the field."
827:. A 2023 study by the historian D. Scott Hartwig estimates that McClellan had 72,199 men available for combat on September 17, with roughly 14,000 more arriving as reinforcements. Hartwig places I Corps strength at 9,582; II Corps strength at 16,475; V Corps strength at 9,476 with another 7,000 in the third division; 11,862 men in the VI Corps proper with another 7,219 men in the IV Corps detachment; 12,241 in the IX Corps; 8,020 in the XII Corps; and 4,543 in the Cavalry Division. This force was supported by 293 cannons available for duty.
783:. Earlier in the campaign, McClellan had assigned twenty-four new regiments of inexperienced troops to his army to bolster the strength of depleted veteran units. Of these green troops, eighteen regiments, totaling about 15,000 to 16,000 men, accompanied McClellan's army for the march to Antietam. Several thousand more new recruits were added to existing units, so about a quarter of McClellan's army was inexperienced and poorly trained entering the battle. The II, IX, and XII Corps received more of these troops than the other corps.
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the
Cornfield, they met the same artillery and infantry fire as their predecessors. As the superior Union numbers began to tell, the Louisiana "Tiger" Brigade under Harry Hays entered the fray and forced the Union men back to the East Woods. The casualties received by the 12th Massachusetts Infantry, 67%, were the highest of any unit that day. The Tigers were beaten back eventually when the Federals deployed an artillery battery in the Cornfield. Point-blank fire slaughtered the Tigers, who lost 323 of their 500 men.
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this stemmed the collapse of the center. Reluctantly, Richardson ordered his division to fall back to north of the ridge facing the sunken road. His division lost about 1,000 men. Colonel Barlow was severely wounded, and
Richardson mortally wounded. Winfield S. Hancock assumed division command. Although Hancock would have an excellent future reputation as an aggressive division and corps commander, the unexpected change of command sapped the momentum of the Federal advance.
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formation that was known as "column of companies, closed in mass," a bunched-up formation in which a regiment was arrayed ten ranks deep instead of the normal two. As his men entered the East Woods, they presented an excellent artillery target, "almost as good a target as a barn." Mansfield himself was shot in the chest and died the next day. Alpheus
Williams assumed temporary command of the XII Corps.
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point. The second attack, more raw recruits under
Colonel Dwight Morris, was also subjected to heavy fire but managed to beat back a counterattack by the Alabama Brigade of Robert Rodes. The third, under Brigadier General Nathan Kimball, included three veteran regiments, but they also fell to fire from the sunken road. French's division suffered 1,750 casualties (of his 5,700 men) in under an hour.
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Virginia. Losses from the battle were heavy on both sides. The Union had 12,410 casualties with 2,108 dead. Confederate casualties were 10,316 with 1,547 dead. This represented 25% of the
Federal force and 31% of the Confederates. Overall, both sides lost a combined total of 22,727 casualties in a single day, almost the same amount as the number of losses that had shocked the nation at the 2-day
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to provide just one battery. He said, "I can do nothing more. I have no infantry." In fact, however, McClellan had two fresh corps in reserve, Porter's V and Franklin's VI, but he was too cautious, concerned he was greatly outnumbered and that a massive counterstrike by Lee was imminent. Burnside's men spent the rest of the day guarding the bridge they had suffered so much to capture.
552:, unhappy with McClellan's general pattern of overcaution and his failure to pursue the retreating Lee, relieved McClellan of command in November. Nevertheless, the strategic accomplishment was a significant turning point in the war in favor of the Union due in large part to its political ramifications: the battle's result gave Lincoln the political confidence to issue the
1479:. They also fell prey to the Confederate sharpshooters and artillery, and their attack fell apart. By this time it was noon, and McClellan was losing patience. He sent a succession of couriers to motivate Burnside to move forward. He ordered one aide, "Tell him if it costs 10,000 men he must go now." He increased the pressure by sending his inspector general, Colonel
969:, was 10 miles (16 km) northwest from Sharpsburg and had been used by Jackson in his march to Harpers Ferry. The disposition of Union forces during the battle made it impractical to consider retreating in that direction.) And on September 15, the force under Lee's immediate command consisted of no more than 18,000 men, only a third the size of the Federal army.
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neither government had the political will to oppose the United States, since it linked support of the Confederacy to support for slavery. Both countries had already abolished slavery, and neither the French public nor the British would have tolerated their respective governments militarily supporting a foreign state actively fighting to preserve slavery.
699:. The former was significant because a large portion of Lee's army was absent from the start of the battle of Antietam, attending to the surrender of the Union garrison; the latter because stout Confederate defenses at two passes through the mountains delayed McClellan's advance enough for Lee to concentrate the remainder of his army at Sharpsburg.
1532:, commanded by Colonel Rush Hawkins, came under heavy shellfire from a dozen enemy guns mounted on a ridge to their front, but they kept pushing forward. There was panic in the streets of Sharpsburg, clogged with retreating Confederates. Of the five brigades in Jones's division, only Toombs's brigade was still intact, but he had only 700 men.
1490:, who, with adequate artillery support and a promise that a recently canceled whiskey ration would be restored if they were successful, charged downhill and took up positions on the east bank. Maneuvering a captured light howitzer into position, they fired double canister down the bridge and got within 25 yards (23 m) of the enemy. By 1
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division entered the Cornfield, also to be torn up by artillery. Brigadier General Abram DuryĂŠe's brigade marched directly into volleys from Colonel Marcellus Douglass's Georgia brigade. Enduring heavy fire from a range of 250 yards (230 m) and gaining no advantage because of a lack of reinforcements, DuryĂŠe ordered a withdrawal.
657:, believed that the prospect of foreign recognition would increase if the Confederacy won a military victory on Union soil; such a victory might gain recognition and financial support from the United Kingdom and France, although there is no evidence that Lee thought the Confederacy should base its military plans on this possibility.
1025:. Hooker had approximately 8,600 men, little more than the 7,700 defenders under Stonewall Jackson, and this slight disparity was more than offset by the Confederates' strong defensive positions. Abner Doubleday's division moved on Hooker's right, James Ricketts's moved on the left into the East Woods, and George Meade's
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disease, and the historian Joseph T. Glatthaar estimates that about one-third to one-half of Lee's army was absent at Antietam due to straggling. The Confederate strength at Antietam is difficult to determine; Hartwig states that a precise figure is indiscernible, but estimates a strength of about 37,600 men.
2068:, pp. 201â02, analyzes the historiography of the figures, and shows that Ezra A. Carman (a battlefield historian who influenced some of these sources) used "engaged" figures; the 38,000 excludes Pender's and Field's brigades, roughly half the artillery, and forces used to secure objectives behind the line.
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their commander, Colonel Henry W. Kingsbury, who was fatally wounded. Crook's main assault went awry when his unfamiliarity with the terrain caused his men to reach the creek a quarter mile (400 m) upstream from the bridge, where they exchanged volleys with Confederate skirmishers for the next few hours.
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Union: 12,410 total (2,108 killed; 9,549 wounded; 753 captured/missing); Confederate: 10,316 total (1,546 killed; 7,752 wounded; 1,018 captured/missing) according to Sears, pp. 294â96; Cannan, p. 201. Confederate casualties are estimates because reported figures include undifferentiated casualties at
1874:
Gordon received five serious wounds in the fight; twice in his right leg, twice in the left arm, and once in the face. He lay unconscious, face down in his cap, and later told colleagues that he should have smothered in his own blood, except for the act of an unidentified Yankee, who had earlier shot
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The IX Corps had suffered casualties of about 20% but still possessed twice the number of Confederates confronting them. Unnerved by the collapse of his flank, Burnside ordered his men all the way back to the west bank of the Antietam, where he urgently requested more men and guns. McClellan was able
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A. P. Hill's division arrived at 3:30 p.m. Hill divided his column, with two brigades moving southeast to guard his flank and the other three, about 2,000 men, moving to the right of Toombs's brigade and preparing for a counterattack. At 3:40 p.m., Brigadier General Maxcy Gregg's brigade of
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succeeded against Jones's outnumbered division, which was pushed back past Cemetery Hill and to within 200 yards (200 m) of Sharpsburg. Farther to the Union left, Rodman's division advanced toward Harpers Ferry Road. Its lead brigade, under Colonel Harrison Fairchild, containing several colorful
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a.m. Sumner, who was accompanying the division, launched the attack with an unusual battle formationâthe three brigades in three long lines, men side-by-side, with only 50 to 70 yards (60 m) separating the lines. They were assaulted first by Confederate artillery and then from three sides by the
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Hooker's men had also paid heavily but without achieving their objectives. After two hours and 2,500 casualties, they were back where they started. The Cornfield, an area about 250 yards (230 m) deep and 400 yards (400 m) wide, was a scene of indescribable destruction. It was estimated that
1057:
Meade's 1st Brigade of Pennsylvanians, under Brigadier General Truman Seymour, began advancing through the East Woods and exchanged fire with Colonel James Walker's brigade of Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina troops. As Walker's men forced Seymour's back, aided by Lee's artillery fire, Ricketts's
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division deployed in the center and slightly to the rear. Jackson's defense consisted of the divisions under Alexander Lawton and John R. Jones in line from the West Woods, across the Turnpike, and along the southern end of Miller's Cornfield. Four brigades were held in reserve inside the West Woods.
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Near the town of Sharpsburg, Lee deployed his available forces behind Antietam Creek along a low ridge, starting on September 15. While it was an effective defensive position, it was not an impregnable one. The terrain provided excellent cover for infantrymen, with rail and stone fences, outcroppings
2059:
Eicher, p. 363, cites 75,500 Union troops. Sears, p. 173, cites 75,000 Union troops, with an effective strength of 71,500, with 300 guns; on p. 296, he states that the 12,401 Union casualties were 25% of those who went into action and that McClellan committed "barely 50,000 infantry and artillerymen
1776:
arrived on the battlefield on September 17 or 18, and took a number of photographs on the battlefield, with most of the work being done between September 19 and September 22. Additional portraits were made in October during a visit by Lincoln to the Union army. The Union public showed great interest
1662:
President Lincoln was disappointed in McClellan's performance. He believed that McClellan's overly cautious and poorly coordinated actions in the field had forced the battle to a draw rather than a crippling Confederate defeat. The president was even more astonished that from September 17 to October
1503:
Burnside's assault stalled again on its own. His officers had neglected to transport ammunition across the bridge, which was itself becoming a bottleneck for soldiers, artillery, and wagons. This represented another two-hour delay. General Lee used this time to bolster his right flank. He ordered up
1446:
Crook's assault on the bridge was led by skirmishers from the 11th Connecticut, who were ordered to clear the bridge for the Ohioans to cross and assault the bluff. After receiving punishing fire for 15 minutes, the Connecticut men withdrew with 139 casualties, one-third of their strength, including
1263:
Reinforcements were arriving on both sides, and by 10:30 a.m. Robert E. Lee sent his final reserve divisionâsome 3,400 men under Major General Richard H. Andersonâto bolster Hill's line and extend it to the right, preparing an attack that would envelop French's left flank. But at the same time,
993:
McClellan's plans were ill-coordinated and were executed poorly. He issued to each of his subordinate commanders only the orders for his own corps, not general orders describing the entire battle plan. The terrain of the battlefield made it difficult for those commanders to monitor events outside of
972:
The first two Union divisions arrived on the afternoon of September 15 and the bulk of the remainder of the army late that evening. Although an immediate Union attack on the morning of September 16 would have had an overwhelming advantage in numbers, McClellan's trademark caution and his belief that
1735:
The Union victory and Lincoln's proclamation played a considerable role in dissuading the governments of France and Britain from recognizing the Confederacy; some suspected they were planning to do so in the aftermath of another Union defeat. When emancipation was linked to the progress of the war,
1494:
p.m., Confederate ammunition was running low, and word reached Toombs that Rodman's men were crossing Snavely's Ford on their flank. He ordered a withdrawal. His Georgians had cost the Federals more than 500 casualties, giving up fewer than 160 themselves. And they had stalled Burnside's assault on
1423:
because of the notoriety of the coming battle. The bridge was a difficult objective. The main road leading to it was exposed to enemy fire, but a farm lane allowed a more protected approach to around 250 yards (230 m) from the bridge. The bridge was dominated by a steep bluff on the west bank,
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a.m. all of Walker's men and Colonel George T. Anderson's Georgia brigade had been removed. Jones had only about 3,000 men and 12 guns available to meet Burnside. Four thin brigades guarded the ridges near Sharpsburg, primarily a low plateau known as Cemetery Hill. The remaining 400 menâthe 2nd and
1378:
Later in the day, the commander of the other reserve unit near the center, the V Corps, Major General Fitz John Porter, heard recommendations from Major General George Sykes, commanding his 2nd Division, that another attack be made in the center, an idea that intrigued McClellan. However, Porter is
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a.m., Hood's division of 2,300 men advanced through the West Woods and pushed the Union troops back through the Cornfield again. They were aided by three brigades of D.H. Hill's division arriving from the Mumma Farm, southeast of the Cornfield, and by Jubal Early's brigade, pushing through the West
1082:
The reinforcements that DuryĂŠe had expectedâbrigades under Brigadier General George L. Hartsuff and Colonel William A. Christianâhad difficulties reaching the scene. Hartsuff was wounded by a shell, and Christian dismounted and fled to the rear in terror. When the men were rallied and advanced into
926:
weapons of shorter range. Many of the cannons issued to the Confederate artillery were obsolete, while the Union had modern guns. The Confederates had about 246 cannon at Antietam, although the exact number of guns issued to some of the Confederate batteries is not known. Lee's army was weakened by
1561:
The battle was over by 5:30 p.m. On the morning of September 18, Lee's army prepared to defend against a Federal assault that never came. After an improvised truce for both sides to recover and exchange their wounded, Lee's forces began withdrawing across the Potomac that evening to return to
1504:
every available artillery unit, although he made no attempt to strengthen D.R. Jones's badly outnumbered force with infantry units from the left. Instead, he counted on the arrival of A.P. Hill's Light Division, currently embarked on an exhausting 17 mile (27 km) march from Harpers Ferry. By 2
1442:
Historians question why Burnside spent so much time at the bridge on Antietam Creek when the creek could have been forded "at a variety of places out of enemy range". The commanding terrain across the sometimes shallow creek made crossing the water a comparatively easy part of a difficult problem.
1409:
a.m. Burnside was largely passive during preparations for the battle. The IX Corps had a clumsy command structure - Burnside had earlier commanded one wing of the Union army, commposed of the I and IX Corps. Despite the I Corps being detached from Burnside's control, he still acted as if he were a
1404:
and the IX Corps to conduct a diversionary attack in support of Hooker's I Corps, hoping to draw Confederate attention away from the intended main attack in the north. However, Burnside was instructed to wait for explicit orders before launching his attack, and those orders did not reach him until
1251:
By midday, the action had shifted to the center of the Confederate line. Sumner had accompanied the morning attack of Sedgwick's division, but another of his divisions, under French, lost contact with Sumner and Sedgwick and inexplicably headed south. Eager for an opportunity to see combat, French
1205:
In an effort to turn the Confederate left flank and relieve the pressure on Mansfield's men, Sumner's II Corps was ordered at 7:20 a.m. to send two divisions into battle. Sedgwick's division of 5,400 men was the first to ford the Antietam, and they entered the East Woods with the intention of
921:
The Army of Northern Virginia held morale and leadership advantages over McClellan's army, but was poorly supplied, was operating in enemy territory away from its logistical lines, and was poorer armed. Ammunition supply was made more difficult due to units being armed with mixed types of weapons,
1359:
Richardson's men were in hot pursuit when massed artillery hastily assembled by General Longstreet drove them back. A counterattack with 200 men led by D.H. Hill got around the Federal left flank near the sunken road, and although they were driven back by a fierce charge of the 5th New Hampshire,
1413:
Burnside had four divisions (12,500 troops) and 50 guns east of Antietam Creek. Facing him was a force that had been greatly depleted by Lee's movement of units to bolster the Confederate left flank. At dawn, the divisions of Brig. Gens. David R. Jones and John G. Walker stood in defense, but by
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into battle around noon (after being told that Caldwell was in the rear, behind a haystack), and finally the tide turned. Anderson's Confederate division had been little help to the defenders after General Anderson was wounded early in the fighting. Other key leaders were lost as well, including
1201:
Hooker attempted to coordinate the assault, but a Confederate sharpshooter spotted the general and his white horse and shot Hooker through the foot. Command of his I Corps was assigned to Meade by Hooker. Ricketts had seniority over Meade, but McClellan backed Hooker's decision to place Meade in
1259:
French launched a series of brigade-sized assaults against Hill's improvised breastworks at around 9:30 a.m.. The first brigade to attack, mostly inexperienced troops commanded by Brigadier General Max Weber, was quickly cut down by heavy rifle fire; neither side deployed artillery at this
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wrote in his official report, "The long inactivity of so large an army in the face of a defeated foe, and during the most favorable season for rapid movements and a vigorous campaign, was a matter of great disappointment and regret." Lincoln relieved McClellan of his command of the Army of the
976:
On the evening of September 16, McClellan ordered Hooker's I Corps to cross Antietam Creek and probe the enemy positions. Meade's division cautiously attacked Hood's troops near the East Woods. After darkness fell, artillery fire continued as McClellan positioned his troops for the next day's
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fire into the Confederate line, turning it into a deadly trap. In attempting to wheel around to meet this threat, a command from Rodes was misunderstood by Lt. Colonel James N. Lightfoot, who had succeeded Gordon. Lightfoot ordered his men to about-face and march away, an order that all five
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French confronted D.H. Hill's division. Hill commanded about 2,500 men, less than half the number under French, and three of his five brigades had been torn up during the morning combat. This sector of Longstreet's line was theoretically the weakest. But Hill's men were in a strong defensive
1218:
a.m., Williams was tasked with reinforcing Sumner, and he sent two XII Corps regiments towards the Hagerstown Turnpike. The two regiments were confronted by the division of John G. Walker, newly arrived from the Confederate right. Walker's men repulsed the two Union regiments, and one of the
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Half of Mansfield's men were raw recruits, and Mansfield was also inexperienced, having taken command only two days before. Although he was a veteran of 40 years' service, he had never led large numbers of soldiers in combat. Concerned that his men would bolt under fire, he marched them in a
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and launched a surprise counterattack, driving back Burnside and ending the battle. Although outnumbered two-to-one, Lee committed his entire force, while McClellan sent in less than three-quarters of his army, enabling Lee to fight the Federals to a standstill. During the night, both armies
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Antietam saw the most casualties for a single-day battle during the war, and has been described as the bloodiest day in all of American history. The battle ranks in the top ten in terms of total casualties in American Civil War battles. One source has the battle ranked fifth, falling behind
1815:
and its partners have acquired and preserved 488 acres of the Antietam Battlefield as of January 2024. In 2015, the Trust saved 44.4 acres in the heart of the battlefield, between the Cornfield and the Dunker Church, when it purchased the Wilson farm for about $ 1 million. The preservation
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a.m. After repulsing Manning's brigade, Greene's soldiers counterattacked into the West Woods. The fighting died down around the Dunker Church, and shifted towards Lee's center. The morning phase ended with casualties on both sides of almost 13,000, including two Union corps commanders.
1800:. Conservation work undertaken by Antietam National Battlefield and private groups, has earned Antietam a reputation as one of the nation's best preserved Civil War battlefields. Few visual intrusions mar the landscape, letting visitors experience the site nearly as it was in 1862.
1803:
Antietam was one of the first five Civil War battlefields preserved federally, receiving that distinction on August 30, 1890. Over 300 tablets have been placed to mark the spots of individual regiments and of significant phases in the battle. The battlefield was transferred to the
1020:
The battle opened at dawn (about 5:30 a.m.) on September 17 with an attack down the Hagerstown Turnpike by the Union I Corps under Joseph Hooker. Hooker's objective was the plateau on which sat the Dunker Church, a modest whitewashed building belonging to a congregation of
957:. The creek to their front was only a minor barrier, ranging from 60 to 100 feet (18â30 m) in width, and was fordable in places and crossed by three stone bridges each a mile (1.5 km) apart. It was also a precarious position because the Confederate rear was blocked by the
492:
to take place on Union soil. It remains the bloodiest day in American history, with a tally of 22,727 dead, wounded, or missing on both sides. Although the Union Army suffered heavier casualties than the Confederates, the battle was a major turning point in the Union's favor.
1864:
One historian believes that the fact that nearly one fourth of McClellan's infantry had little or no training is an important point that is rarely addressed. The new troops affected mobility and combat effectiveness, and partially negated McClellan's advantage in troops that
1593:
was shot in the ankle during the defense of the Bloody Lane. He survived the battle but died later in October after an amputation. Six generals on each side were wounded. All were brigadiers except Union Major General Hooker and Confederate Major General Richard H. Anderson.
2064:'s division, which arrived in the afternoon. Priest, p. 343, cites 87,164 men present in the Army of the Potomac, with 53,632 engaged, and 30,646 engaged in the Army of Northern Virginia. Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite 87,100 Union engaged, 51,800 Confederate. Harsh,
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20th Georgia regiments, under the command of Brigadier General Robert Toombs, with two artillery batteriesâdefended Rohrbach's Bridge, a three-span, 125-foot (38 m) stone structure that was the southernmost crossing of the Antietam. It would become known to history as
1511:
The Federals were completely unaware that 3,000 new men would be facing them. Burnside's plan was to move around the weakened Confederate right flank, converge on Sharpsburg, and cut Lee's army off from Boteler's Ford, their only escape route across the Potomac. At
680:), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat if McClellan could move quickly enough. McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and reposition his forces, thus squandering an opportunity to defeat Lee decisively.
1048:
Seeing the glint of Confederate bayonets concealed in the Cornfield, Hooker halted his infantry and brought up four batteries of artillery, which fired shell and canister over the heads of the Federal infantry into the field. A battle began, with considerable
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action with rifle butts and bayonets due to short visibility in the corn. Officers rode about cursing and yelling orders no one could hear in the noise. Rifles became hot and fouled from too much firing; the air was filled with a hail of bullets and shells.
1429:"Go and look at , and tell me if you don't think Burnside and his corps might have executed a hop, skip, and jump and landed on the other side. One thing is certain, they might have waded it that day without getting their waist belts wet in any place."
1252:
found skirmishers in his path and ordered his men forward. By this time, Sumner's aide (and son) located French, described the terrible fighting in the West Woods and relayed an order for him to divert Confederate attention by attacking their center.
646:!" as they marched, but by the fall of 1862 pro-Union sentiment was winning out, especially in the western parts of the state. Civilians generally hid inside their houses as Lee's army passed through their towns, or watched in cold silence, while the
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in the spring of 1861 and the fact that President Lincoln had to pass through the city in disguise en route to his inauguration, Confederate leaders assumed that Maryland would welcome the Confederate forces warmly. They sang the tune
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1995:
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regiments of the brigade thought applied to them as well. Confederate troops streamed toward Sharpsburg, their line lost. Most of George Anderson's brigade withdrew as well, caught up in the retreat of Richard Anderson's division.
918:. The assignment of units between the wings of Jackson and Longstreet was flexible; at Antietam the two men commanded sectors of the battlefield and divisions fought under the commander whose geographic area they were fighting in.
1106:
a.m. The divisions under McLaws and Richard H. Anderson arrived following a night march from Harpers Ferry. Around 7:15, General Lee moved George T. Anderson's Georgia brigade from the right flank of the army to aid Jackson. At
4002:
1145:, insisting that "the Antietam Turnpike surpassed them all in manifest evidence of slaughter." Hooker was reinforced by the 7,200 infantrymen of Mansfield's XII Corps, which had been held in a loosely defined reserve role.
1166:"... every stalk of corn in the northern and greater part of the field was cut as closely as could have been done with a knife, and the slain lay in rows precisely as they had stood in their ranks a few moments before."
1161:. This breach of the line forced Hood and his men, outnumbered, to regroup in the West Woods, where they had started the day. Greene was able to reach the vicinity of Dunker Church, and drove off Stephen Lee's batteries.
1264:
the 4,000 men of Major General Israel B. Richardson's division arrived on French's left. This was the last of Sumner's three divisions, which had been held up in the rear by McClellan as he organized his reserve forces.
628:
on August 30. Emboldened by success, the Confederate leadership intended to take the war into enemy territory. Lee's invasion of Maryland was intended to run simultaneously with an invasion of Kentucky by the armies of
1675:
Casualties were comparable on both sides, although Lee lost a higher percentage of his army. Lee withdrew from the battlefield first, the technical definition of the tactical loser in a Civil War battle. However, in a
802:
to accompany the Army of the Potomac. A third division of the corps reached McClellan the day of the battle. The VI Corps consisted of two divisions and the IV Corps detachment and was commanded by Major General
5509:
807:. These three divisions were positioned about a four-hour march away from McClellan's main body at the beginning of the battle. The IX Corps contained four divisions and was nominally commanded by Major General
1483:, to confront Burnside, who reacted indignantly: "McClellan appears to think I am not trying my best to carry this bridge; you are the third or fourth one who has been to me this morning with similar orders."
1152:
The new recruits of Mansfield's 1st Division made no progress against Hood's line, which was reinforced by brigades of D. H. Hill's division under Colquitt and McRae. The 2nd Division of the XII Corps, under
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While the Cornfield remained a bloody stalemate, Federal advances a few hundred yards to the west were more successful. Brigadier General John Gibbon's 4th Brigade of Doubleday's division (recently named the
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870:. Longstreet's wing was numerically larger than Jackson's. This arrangement was due to Confederate law not allowing the creation of corps. Longstreet's wing contained five divisions, led by major generals
1067:
at the Cornfield: "...the most deadly fire of the war. Rifles are shot to pieces in the hands of the soldiers, canteens and haversacks are riddled with bullets, the dead and wounded go down in scores."
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fighting. McClellan's plan was to overwhelm the enemy's left flank. He arrived at this decision because of the configuration of bridges over the Antietam. The lower bridge (which would soon be named
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standpoint, the battle was somewhat inconclusive; the Union Army successfully repelled the Confederate invasion but suffered heavier casualties and failed to defeat Lee's army outright. President
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wing commander. Orders for the IX Corps went to Burnside, who then passed them on directly to Jacob Cox. Cox had assumed temporary command of the corps after the death of Reno at South Mountain.
1728:
on September 22, which gave Confederate states until January 1, 1863, to end their rebellion or else lose their slaves. Although Lincoln had intended to do so earlier, Secretary of State
1712:
electrified the North and set the stage for the final drive to Union victory. These also were pivotal moments. But they would never have happened if the triple Confederate offensives in
1206:
turning left and forcing the Confederates south into the assault of Ambrose Burnside's IX Corps. But the plan went awry. They became separated from William H. French's division, and at 9
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in the photographs, particularly those taken of corpses on the field. This was the first time that an American battlefield had been photographed before the casualties had been removed.
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Union generals Crawford, Dana, Hartsuff, Hooker, Sedgwick, and Weber were wounded. Confederate generals Anderson, Gregg, John R. Jones, Lawton, Ripley, and Wright were wounded.
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The third attempt to take the bridge was at 12:30 p.m. by Sturgis's other brigade, commanded by Brigadier General Edward Ferrero. It was led by the 51st New York and the
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While Rodman's division was out of touch, slogging toward Snavely's Ford, Burnside and Cox directed a second assault at the bridge by one of Sturgis's brigades, led by the
1041:
on the high ground across the pike from the Dunker Church to the south. Union return fire was from nine batteries on the ridge behind the North Woods and twenty 20-pounder
537:
consolidated their lines. In spite of crippling casualties, Lee continued to skirmish with McClellan throughout September 18, while removing his battered army south of the
5232:
556:. This effectively discouraged the British and French governments from recognizing the Confederacy, as neither power wished to give the appearance of supporting slavery.
1667:
and the president himself, McClellan declined to pursue Lee across the Potomac, citing shortages of equipment and the fear of overextending his forces. General-in-Chief
520:. Union assaults against the Sunken Road eventually pierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage was not followed up. In the afternoon, Union Major General
1379:
said to have told McClellan, "Remember, General, I command the last reserve of the last Army of the Republic." McClellan demurred and another opportunity was lost.
1133:, who assumed command of Iron Brigade's 6th Wisconsin Regiment during the battle, later compared the fighting around the Hagerstown Turnpike with the stone wall at
794:, and contained three divisions. As a whole, the veteran elements of the corps had a reputation as a good fighting unit. The V Corps was commanded by Major General
1508:
p.m., Hill's men had reached Boteler's Ford, and Hill was able to confer with the relieved Lee at 2:30, who ordered him to bring up his men to the right of Jones.
1321:"We were shooting them like sheep in a pen. If a bullet missed the mark at first it was liable to strike the further bank, angle back, and take them secondarily."
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Cowie, Steven. When Hell Came to Sharpsburg: The Battle of Antietam and Its Impact on the Civilians Who Called It Home. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2022.
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p.m., Burnside left Sturgis's division in reserve on the west bank and moved west with over 8,000 troops (most of them fresh) and 22 guns for close support.
4247:
Hanson, Joseph Mills (1998) . "A Report on the Employment of Artillery at the Battle of Antietam, Maryland". In Johnson, Curt; Anderson, Richard C. (eds.).
2453:
O.R. Series 1, Vol. XIX part 2 (S# 28), p. 621; Luvaas and Nelson, pp. 294â300; Esposito, map 67; Sears, pp. 366â72. Although most histories, including the
1816:
organization has since removed the postwar house and barn that stood on the property along Hagerstown Pike and returned the land to its wartime appearance.
1202:
command of the corps. But with Hooker removed from the field, there was no general left with the authority to coordinate the remaining troops on the field.
1045:, 2 miles (3 km) east of Antietam Creek. The conflagration caused heavy casualties on both sides and was described by Colonel Lee as "artillery Hell."
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1732:, at a cabinet meeting, advised him to wait until the Union won a significant victory so as to avoid the perception that it was issued out of desperation.
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and trees and an old quarry provided cover for defenders. The Confederates also strengthed their position with breastworks made from logs and fence rails.
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1937:
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Bohannon, Keith S. (1999). "Dirty, Ragged, and Ill-Provided For: Confederate Logistical Problems in the 1862 Maryland Campaign and their Solutions". In
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516:'s corps mounted a powerful assault on Lee's left flank. Attacks and counterattacks swept across Miller's Cornfield, and fighting swirled around the
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2461:, pp. 32â90, states that D.H. Hill was temporarily in command of a "Center Wing" with his own division commanded initially by Brigadier General
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the repulse of Hooker's and Mansfield's assaults, having waited for the VI Corps to reach the battlefield and take up a reserve position.
637:. It was also necessary for logistical reasons, as northern Virginia's farms had been stripped bare of food. Based on events such as the
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of Brigadier General Thomas F. Meagher. As they advanced with emerald green flags snapping in the breeze, a regimental chaplain, Father
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No other campaign and battle in the war had such momentous, multiple consequences as Antietam. In July 1863 the dual Union triumphs at
823:, who took command only two days before the battle. McClellan's army also contained a cavalry division commanded by Brigadier General
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The Maps of Antietam: An Atlas of the Antietam (Sharpsburg) Campaign, including the Battle of South Mountain, September 2â20, 1862
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and a victory for the Union because it ended Lee's strategic campaign (his first invasion of Union territory). American historian
512:
launched attacks against Lee's army who were in defensive positions behind Antietam Creek. At dawn on September 17, Major General
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Reports of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, U. S. Army, commanding the Army of the Potomac, of operations August 14 â November 9
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The Maryland Campaign of September 1862: Ezra A. Carman's Definitive Account of the Union and Confederate Armies at Antietam
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Potomac on November 5, effectively ending the general's military career. He was replaced on November 9 by General Burnside.
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672:âwrapped around three cigars. The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to
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798:. Originally only one division of the corps accompanied McClellan, but a second was later released from the defenses of
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position, atop a gradual ridge, in a sunken road worn down by years of wagon traffic, which formed a natural trench.
683:
There were two significant engagements in the Maryland campaign prior to the major battle of Antietam: Major General
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5385:
4127:
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819:. The XII Corps was McClellan's smallest corps and contained two divisions. It was commanded by Brigadier General
8667:
8466:
8451:
8333:
8293:
8192:
8177:
8162:
8157:
7989:
7894:
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6501:
6337:
1717:
1664:
1472:
1455:
1328:
1157:, however, broke through McRae's men, who fled under the mistaken belief that they were about to be trapped by a
528:
over Antietam Creek and advancing against the Confederate right. At a crucial moment, Confederate Major General
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Official Records: The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg),"the bloodiest day of the Civil War" (September 17, 1862)
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6511:
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5714:
5448:
5208:
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1825:
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875:
811:, but Burnside temporarily commanded a wing of McClellan's army and active commanded passed to Major General
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Hartwig, D. Scott (2012). "Who Would Not Be a Soldier: The Volunteers of '62 in the Maryland Campaign". In
981:) was dominated by Confederate positions on the bluffs overlooking it. The middle bridge, on the road from
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105:
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ranked higher. Among those assisting the undersupplied army surgeons during (and after) the battle was
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McClellan successfully turned Lee's invasion back, making the battle a strategic Union victory. From a
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10,291 Confederate casualties: 1,567 killed and 8,724 wounded for the entire Maryland Campaign. See:
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33:
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Wolff, Robert S. (2000). "The Antietam Campaign". In Heidler, David S.; Heidler, Jeanne T. (eds.).
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The action moved to the southern end of the battlefield. McClellan's plan called for Major General
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saw a weak point in the line and maneuvered their troops into a position that allowed them to pour
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17:
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to the contest"; p. 389, he cites Confederate effective strength of "just over 38,000," including
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While McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, two Union soldiers (
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of the 27th Indiana Volunteer Infantry) discovered a mislaid copy of Lee's detailed battle plansâ
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A Field Guide to Antietam: Experiencing the Battlefield through Its History, Places, and People
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and a portion of it had fought with Pope. The VI Corps contingent included a division from the
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I Dread the Thought of the Place: The Battle of Antietam and the End of the Maryland Campaign
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and cut off the western third of the Confederacy from the rest. In September 1864 Sherman's
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Taken at the Flood: Robert E. Lee and Confederate Strategy in the Maryland Campaign of 1862
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Unfurl Those Colors! McClellan, Sumner, and the Second Army Corps in the Antietam Campaign
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Photograph by Alexander Gardner of Confederate dead gathered for burial after the battle
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Burnside's Bridge: The Climactic Struggle of the 2nd and 20th Georgia at Antietam Creek
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Dead horse belonging to a Confederate colonel who was also killed, near the East Woods.
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in 1933. The Antietam National Battlefield now consists of approximately 3,000 acres.
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The carnage from 9:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. on the sunken road gave it the name
1283:, rode back and forth across the front of the formation shouting words of conditional
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the Cornfield changed hands no fewer than 15 times in the course of the morning. Maj.
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4529:(YouTube video). Washington, D.C.: American Battlefield Trust. Event occurs at 36:00
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4456:
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4304:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 143â168.
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4096:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 101â142.
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was a newer addition to the Army of the Potomac. The latter corps had seen action in
684:
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382:
338:
4784:. Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History, 2015. CMH Pub 75-6.
4575:
I Rode with Stonewall: The War Experiences of the Youngest Member of Jackson's Staff
4552:
A Full Blown Yankee of the Iron Brigade: Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers
4413:
Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam, The Battle That Changed the Course of the Civil War
9334:
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9199:
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9059:
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As Caldwell's brigade advanced around the right flank of the Confederates, Colonel
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863:
808:
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795:
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of the 2nd North Carolina, was killed minutes after assuming command) and Colonel
9501:
9239:
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8908:
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8501:
7790:
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7407:
7402:
7392:
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7214:
7204:
7163:
6191:
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5981:
4905:
4901:
4819:
4781:
4550:
4506:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
4450:
4411:
4147:
4006:
3518:
2044:
1773:
1651:
1578:
1311:
of the 6th Alabama. The Confederate command structure was becoming disorganized.
911:
654:
625:
549:
8745:
4573:
4267:
Sounding the Shallows: A Confederate Companion for the Maryland Campaign of 1862
4060:
Disaster in the West Woods: General Edwin V. Sumner and the II Corps at Antietam
1724:
The results of Antietam also allowed President Lincoln to issue the preliminary
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7356:
7321:
7281:
7173:
7153:
7148:
7103:
6382:
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6211:
4804:
The Gleam of Bayonets: The Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign of 1862
4660:
4182:. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the
4020:
1308:
1295:
immigrants lost 540 men to heavy volleys before they were ordered to withdraw.
1220:
1038:
887:
815:
until his death at the battle of South Mountain, and then to Brigadier General
776:
477:
4523:
Garry Adelman, Dennis Frye, Kevin Pawlak and Kris White (September 18, 2022).
9515:
8755:
7837:
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7432:
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7143:
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665:
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224:
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1367:
Confederate dead lie in the "Bloody Lane" after the Battle of Antietam, 1862
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7805:
7747:
7659:
7634:
7547:
7527:
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4009:
Hagerstown (Md.) Herald Mail, September 30, 2015. accessed January 3, 2018.
1785:
1627:
1465:
1348:
1292:
1088:
816:
790:
and contained three divisions. The II Corps was commanded by Major General
4251:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. pp. 31â66.
1614:. Another source ranks Antietam eighth with the additional battles of the
1569:
Several generals died as a result of the battle, including major generals
1298:
General Richardson personally dispatched the brigade of Brigadier General
1192:
Louisiana Brigade, on the Hagerstown Turnpike, north of the Dunker Church.
7078:
6116:
6096:
4647:
4526:
The Overlooked Fighting at Antietam that Decided the Battle: Antietam 160
3555:
3533:"Casualties - Antietam National Battlefield (U.S. National Park Service)"
1930:"A Short Overview of the Battle of Antietam (U.S. National Park Service)"
1275:
Leading off the fourth attack of the day against the sunken road was the
1130:
862:
was organized into two large infantry wings, commanded by Major Generals
596:
4686:. Edited by Thomas G. Clemens. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2010.
4179:
1704:
struck another blow that blunted a renewed Confederate offensive in the
8605:
8461:
7336:
7098:
6299:
6294:
1284:
923:
895:
890:. Jackson's wing contained four divisions, commanded by major generals
812:
529:
509:
485:
4872:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2018.
4522:
3189:
954:
8903:
7725:
5908:
2061:
1960:"Antietam Battle Facts and Summary | American Battlefield Trust"
1720:, and most of all Maryland had not been defeated in the fall of 1862.
1363:
950:
8574:
940:
841:
650:
was cheered and encouraged. Some Confederate politicians, including
306:
8609:
7730:
4655:
Caduceus: A Humanities Journal for Medicine and the Health Sciences
4579:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
621:
501:
2473:. The other references list him strictly as a division commander.
1033:
As the first Union men emerged from the North Woods and into the
4855:
The Long Road to Antietam: How the Civil War Became a Revolution
1688:
summed up the importance of the Battle of Antietam in his book,
1245:
Assaults by Mansfield/William's XII Corps and Sumner's II Corps,
32:"Antietam" and "Sunken Road" redirect here. For other uses, see
8528:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
5587:(MayâOct): Lynchburg, Early's B&O raid, Sheridan's campaign
4870:
That Field of Blood: The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862
2575:
2377:
2375:
1760:
1680:
sense, despite being a tactical draw, Antietam is considered a
1525:
1392:
1303:
George B. Anderson (no relation; Anderson's successor, Colonel
1241:
1120:
1012:
421:
5254:
4607:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880â1901.
3490:
1267:
1050:
767:
had fought with McClellan and the Army of the Potomac in the
427:
6250:
4192:
Antietam: The Photographic Legacy of America's Bloodiest Day
4062:. Sharpsburg, MD: Western Maryland Interpretive Association.
3837:
3825:
2616:
2372:
2360:
1896:"Battle Detail - The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service)"
4916:
4911:
3941:"Antietam National Battle Field Maryland Basic Information"
2527:
2481:
2479:
2213:
1223:
attacked Greene's position near the Dunker Church around 10
4922:
Atlas of the battlefield of Antietam (Library of Congress)
3857:"Preservationists see victory at Antietam 150 years later"
3120:
2974:
2411:
2312:
2285:
2165:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3457:
3445:
3409:
3340:
3328:
3280:
3236:
3079:
2926:
2914:
2782:
2302:
2300:
914:
and a unit of reserve artillery led by Brigadier General
409:
9537:
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
3469:
3397:
3385:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3199:
3144:
2986:
2938:
2878:
2842:
2770:
2563:
2503:
2491:
2476:
2387:
2336:
2273:
2261:
2201:
2189:
2120:
4806:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965.
4249:
Artillery Hell: The Employment of Artillery at Antietam
3304:
3292:
3253:
3251:
3098:
3096:
3094:
2962:
2854:
2734:
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2680:
2606:
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2602:
2539:
2515:
2324:
2251:
2249:
2225:
1589:
on the Confederate side. Confederate Brigadier General
965:, was nearby should retreat be necessary. (The ford at
4988:
4667:. Edited by Joseph Pierro. New York: Routledge, 2008.
4153:
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
3594:
3433:
3373:
3211:
3132:
2998:
2950:
2794:
2746:
2724:
2722:
2670:
2668:
2435:
2297:
2153:
1236:
4486:
The Union Army, 1861â1865 Organization and Operations
3813:
3765:
3753:
3421:
3361:
3316:
3263:
3229:
Jamieson, p. 94. McClellan issued the order at 9:10,
3168:
3108:
3067:
2902:
2132:
1396:
Assaults by Burnside's IX Corps, 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
436:
412:
4774:
The Maryland and Fredericksburg Campaigns, 1862â1863
3248:
3156:
3091:
3055:
3031:
3019:
2890:
2866:
2818:
2806:
2758:
2707:
2692:
2653:
2628:
2599:
2587:
2551:
2423:
2399:
2348:
2246:
2177:
2014:
Official Records, Series I, Volume XIX, Part 1, pp.
1875:
a hole in his cap, which allowed the blood to drain.
1124:
Assaults by Mansfield's XII Corps, 7:30 to 9:00 a.m.
961:
and only a single crossing point, Boteler's Ford at
922:
and many Confederate soldiers were still armed with
424:
418:
4555:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
4000:"Critical Piece of Antietam Battlefield Preserved,"
3043:
2830:
2719:
2665:
600:Maryland Campaign, actions September 3 to 15, 1862
456:on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General
415:
4726:. Sharpsburg, MD: Antietam Rest Publishing, 2018.
4572:
4752:
4724:Antietam Shadows: Mystery, Myth & Machination
4621:. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2008.
2036:(Official Records, Series I, Volume XIX, Part 1,
1846:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1862
1841:List of costliest American Civil War land battles
9513:
8214:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
4817:
4755:To Antietam Creek: The Maryland Campaign of 1862
4653:Breeden, James O. "Field Medicine at Antietam."
4341:. Abilene, TX: McWhiney Foundation Press, 1999.
4232:. Sharpsburg, Maryland: The Antietam Institute.
3567:
3510:Official Records, Series I, Volume XIX, Part 1,
2083:Official Records, Series I, Volume XIX, Part 1,
2076:
2074:
1991:Official Records, Series I, Volume XIX, Part 1,
71:Depiction of the fighting near Dunker Church by
4492:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.
4284:. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1999.
4269:. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2000.
4194:. New York, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
3502:
1102:Confederate reinforcements arrived just after 7
1016:Assaults by Hooker's I Corps, 5:30 to 7:30 a.m.
988:
8859:WashingtonâBaltimore combined statistical area
8038:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
4371:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1987.
4356:. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998.
3481:
2026:
2024:
1658:near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862
1495:the southern flank for more than three hours.
1314:
9542:Battles of the American Civil War in Maryland
8590:
5924:
5240:
4974:
4771:Jamieson, Perry D., and Bradford A. Wineman,
4640:United States Army Center of Military History
2104:
2102:
2100:
2071:
1789:2022 view of Burnside's Bridge, preserved in
1637:
322:
4904:, histories, photos, and preservation news (
4791:. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Co., 2006.
4473:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000.
4452:Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam
4211:General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse
4112:The Antietam Campaign: AugustâSeptember 1862
3615:"Antietam: A Savage Day in American History"
1291:for those who were about to die. The mostly
4741:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2011.
4567:First published by E. R. Alderman and Sons.
4434:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
3947:. National Park Service. January 21, 2024.
3633:
3487:Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 105â108.
2021:
1780:
1219:Confederate brigades, commanded by Colonel
786:The I Corps was commanded by Major General
624:on September 3, following their victory at
8597:
8583:
5931:
5917:
5247:
5233:
4981:
4967:
4928:Animated history of the Battle of Antietam
4189:
3917:. National Park Service. August 10, 2015.
3843:
3831:
3641:"Statistics on the Civil War and Medicine"
2788:
2097:
2055:
2053:
1581:on the Union side, and brigadier generals
329:
315:
9547:Union victories of the American Civil War
5256:Eastern theater of the American Civil War
4850:(U of North Carolina Press, 2016) 347 pp.
4406:
4382:
4339:Death in September: The Antietam Campaign
4227:
4208:
4070:The Bloodiest Day: The Battle of Antietam
4057:
3891:. National Park Service. April 13, 2020.
3807:
3795:
3663:
3334:
2980:
2932:
2569:
2485:
2393:
2381:
2366:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2267:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2171:
2126:
1663:26, despite repeated entreaties from the
1141:"Bloody Angle", and the slaughter pen of
1115:
1007:
588:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
490:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
6127:Treatment of slaves in the United States
4508:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
4367:Luvaas, Jay, and Harold W. Nelson, eds.
4174:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959.
4087:
2545:
2533:
2521:
1784:
1641:
1552:
1449:
1391:
1362:
1266:
1240:
1183:
1119:
1093:
1011:
939:
935:
840:
717:
595:
7870:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
6042:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
4953:John Gould's Antietam Papers Collection
4680:The Maryland Campaign of September 1862
4570:
4318:
4295:
4125:
4018:
3741:from the original on September 16, 2024
3543:from the original on September 20, 2021
3310:
3298:
3138:
3126:
3004:
2908:
2776:
2581:
2417:
2306:
2291:
2050:
1347:forward. Barlow and Lieutenant Colonel
620:âabout 55,000 menâentered the state of
524:'s corps entered the action, capturing
14:
9552:History of Washington County, Maryland
9514:
7855:Modern display of the Confederate flag
5938:
4943:Brotherswar.com The Battle of Antietam
4246:
4146:
4114:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 1994.
4066:
3951:from the original on December 12, 2023
3869:from the original on September 7, 2015
3771:
3612:
3600:
3582:from the original on February 28, 2024
3463:
3451:
3439:
3415:
3379:
3346:
3322:
3217:
3205:
3174:
3114:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3037:
3025:
2944:
2920:
2860:
2824:
2812:
2764:
2740:
2713:
2701:
2634:
2593:
2557:
2429:
2138:
1831:Bibliography of the American Civil War
664:Barton W. Mitchell and First Sergeant
8604:
8578:
8073:
7462:
7026:
6249:
6052:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
5950:
5912:
5228:
5119:National Museum of Civil War Medicine
4962:
4548:
4503:
4445:
4416:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4392:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3921:from the original on January 25, 2024
3895:from the original on January 25, 2024
3819:
3783:
3759:
3681:from the original on February 5, 2021
3651:from the original on January 30, 2024
3561:
3496:
3475:
3427:
3403:
3391:
3367:
3286:
3274:
3257:
3242:
3162:
3150:
3102:
3049:
2992:
2968:
2956:
2896:
2884:
2872:
2848:
2836:
2800:
2752:
2728:
2686:
2674:
2659:
2622:
2610:
2509:
2497:
2465:, and the divisions of Major General
2441:
2405:
2354:
2279:
2255:
2231:
2183:
2159:
1970:from the original on October 13, 2018
1940:from the original on February 3, 2022
1498:
336:
310:
27:1862 battle of the American Civil War
5199:Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area
4635:Battle of Antietam: Staff Ride Guide
4051:
3645:The Ohio State University - ehistory
3621:from the original on August 15, 2020
2243:Welcher, pp. 786â88; Eicher, p. 338.
1387:
930:
837:Antietam Confederate order of battle
735:Major General George B. McClellan's
691:and McClellan's assault through the
8209:Committee on the Conduct of the War
7885:United Daughters of the Confederacy
4605:of the Union and Confederate Armies
4228:Gottfried, Bradley M., ed. (2021).
4073:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books.
3711:from the original on April 14, 2024
3564:, pp. 194, 206, 254, 287, 290.
1753:Presentation by James McPherson on
1521:79th New York "Cameron Highlanders"
1237:Opening assaults on the Sunken Road
747:, included six infantry corps. The
739:, bolstered by units absorbed from
24:
8279:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
8074:
7618:impeachment managers investigation
5997:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
4990:Maryland in the American Civil War
4912:Antietam National Battlefield Park
4757:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
4611:
4542:
4323:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
4213:. New York, New York: Free Press.
4156:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
4031:from the original on June 20, 2023
3613:Bowman, Tom (September 17, 2012).
1836:List of American Civil War battles
1382:
944:Overview of the Battle of Antietam
755:were units from Pope's force, the
702:
25:
9588:
7704:Reconstruction military districts
6152:Abolitionism in the United States
6107:Plantations in the American South
6022:Origins of the American Civil War
4884:
4172:West Point Atlas of American Wars
3981:from the original on May 15, 2023
3576:"Six Generals Killed at Antietam"
9495:
8558:
8549:
8548:
7687:Enforcement Act of February 1871
7660:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
5825:
5789:
4846:Reardon, Carol and Tom Vossler.
4824:. University of Nebraska Press.
4132:. University of Oklahoma Press.
4012:
3993:
3963:
3933:
3907:
3881:
3849:
3723:
3693:
3606:
3525:
3352:
3223:
3192:Overlooked Fighting at Antietam,
1747:
1002:
405:
246:
236:
219:
209:
190:
172:
65:
8472:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
8334:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
7895:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
5304:Potomac blockade (OctâJan 1862)
4821:Turning Points of the Civil War
4369:Guide to the Battle of Antietam
4354:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
4190:Frassanito, William A. (1978).
4046:
3735:National Women's History Museum
3010:
2640:
2447:
2237:
2144:
1868:
1858:
1755:Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam
1231:
1188:Dead Confederate soldiers from
685:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's
9567:1862 in the American Civil War
9557:Invasions of the United States
7575:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
5444:Garnett's & Golding's Farm
4933:Official Reports from Antietam
4432:Antietam: The Soldiers' Battle
4019:Clemens, Tom (June 20, 2017).
2150:Sears, p. 69 "perhaps 50,000".
2005:
1982:
1952:
1922:
1913:
1888:
1796:The battle is commemorated at
1634:disaster relief organization.
1519:An initial assault led by the
1073:Capt. Benjamin F. Cook, of the
830:
714:Antietam Union order of battle
154:
13:
1:
7990:Ladies' Memorial Associations
7692:Enforcement Act of April 1871
7588:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
7463:
5295:Carolina coast blockade (Aug)
5280:Chesapeake blockade (MayâJun)
5082:Maryland Constitution of 1864
4857:. New York: Liveright, 2012.
4209:Glatthaar, Joseph T. (2008).
4058:Armstrong, Marion V. (2002).
3945:Antietam National Battlefield
1826:Antietam National Battlefield
1798:Antietam National Battlefield
1791:Antietam National Battlefield
1548:
868:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
559:
8869:Washington metropolitan area
8123:Confederate revolving cannon
7865:Sons of Confederate Veterans
7736:South Carolina riots of 1876
7714:Indian Council at Fort Smith
7665:South Carolina riots of 1876
7630:Knights of the White Camelia
6122:Slavery in the United States
4955:at Dartmouth College Library
4455:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1882:
1543:
989:Terrain and its consequences
674:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
38:Sunken Road (disambiguation)
7:
8864:Baltimore metropolitan area
8477:New York City riots of 1863
8302:Battle Hymn of the Republic
8053:United Confederate Veterans
7890:Children of the Confederacy
7880:United Confederate Veterans
7875:Southern Historical Society
7027:
6507:Price's Missouri Expedition
5977:Timeline leading to the War
5951:
5591:Operations against Plymouth
4571:Douglas, Henry Kyd (1940).
4005:September 29, 2019, at the
3889:"Short History of the Park"
1819:
1315:Collapse of the Sunken Road
1076:12th Massachusetts Infantry
910:commanded by Major General
508:George B. McClellan of the
500:General Robert E. Lee into
10:
9593:
8445:Confederate Secret Service
8033:Grand Army of the Republic
7925:Grand Army of the Republic
7743:Southern Claims Commission
5889:Gettysburg-Newark Lowlands
5114:Baltimore Civil War Museum
4900:December 23, 2019, at the
4753:Hartwig, D. Scott (2012).
4319:Hartwig, D. Scott (2023).
4067:Bailey, Ronald H. (1984).
3975:American Battlefield Trust
3701:"Clara Barton at Antietam"
3675:American Battlefield Trust
1813:American Battlefield Trust
1806:Department of the Interior
1638:Reactions and significance
1434:Confederate staff officer
896:Ambrose Powell (A.P.) Hill
834:
711:
580:Northern Virginia Campaign
569:
563:
31:
9527:1862 in the United States
9491:
9363:
9045:
8992:
8884:
8789:
8708:
8653:Congressional delegations
8628:
8616:
8544:
8520:
8433:Confederate States dollar
8405:
8347:
8292:
8244:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
8239:Emancipation Proclamation
8201:
8133:Medal of Honor recipients
8090:
8086:
8069:
8021:Confederate Memorial Hall
8003:
7982:
7940:
7912:
7903:
7823:Confederate Memorial Hall
7796:Confederate History Month
7776:Civil War Discovery Trail
7756:
7677:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
7508:
7483:Reconstruction Amendments
7473:
7469:
7458:
7380:
7249:
7242:
7182:
7046:
7039:
7035:
7022:
6964:
6711:
6704:
6535:
6391:
6350:
6318:
6285:
6278:
6274:
6245:
6142:
6092:Emancipation Proclamation
6060:
5961:
5957:
5946:
5876:
5855:
5848:
5824:
5787:
5780:
5730:
5707:
5698:
5618:
5577:
5568:
5543:
5502:
5493:
5401:
5348:
5339:
5311:
5271:
5262:
5171:
5145:
5106:
5090:
5057:
4996:
4818:Rawley, James A. (1966).
4780:January 27, 2020, at the
4708:9#5 (August 1958): 54â96.
4549:Dawes, Rufus R. (1999) .
4352:Kennedy, Frances H., ed.
4126:Cleaves, Freeman (1960).
3578:. National Park Service.
3517:January 17, 2024, at the
2043:January 17, 2024, at the
1746:
1741:
1726:Emancipation Proclamation
997:
898:, and brigadier generals
892:Daniel Harvey (D.H.) Hill
860:Army of Northern Virginia
852:Army of Northern Virginia
618:Army of Northern Virginia
584:Second Battle of Bull Run
554:Emancipation Proclamation
532:'s division arrived from
488:âlevel engagement in the
462:Army of Northern Virginia
348:
276:
257:
252:Army of Northern Virginia
230:
203:
165:
78:
64:
56:
47:
34:Antietam (disambiguation)
9105:Cockeysville-Hunt Valley
8507:U.S. Sanitary Commission
8418:Battlefield preservation
8324:Marching Through Georgia
8249:Hampton Roads Conference
8224:Confiscation Act of 1862
8219:Confiscation Act of 1861
7995:U.S. national cemeteries
7801:Confederate Memorial Day
7786:Civil War Trails Program
7655:New Orleans riot of 1866
5631:Spotsylvania Court House
5356:Burnside's NC Expedition
5214:Point Lookout State Park
5124:President Street Station
4789:Antietam: The Lost Order
4702:"Crisis at the Antietam"
4617:Armstrong Marion V. Jr.
4596:The War of the Rebellion
4469:Tucker, Phillip Thomas.
4230:The Brigades of Antietam
3915:"Key to the Battlefield"
3731:"Clara Barton Biography"
2584:, pp. 816, 828â834.
1851:
1781:Battlefield preservation
1682:turning point of the war
1612:Spotsylvania Court House
1462:across Burnside's Bridge
916:William Nelson Pendleton
707:
697:Battle of South Mountain
464:and Union Major General
452:, took place during the
8428:Confederate war finance
8048:Southern Cross of Honor
8016:1938 Gettysburg reunion
8011:1913 Gettysburg reunion
7709:Reconstruction Treaties
7682:Enforcement Act of 1870
7565:Freedman's Savings Bank
6182:Lane Debates on Slavery
6007:LincolnâDouglas debates
5098:"Maryland, My Maryland"
3499:, pp. 297, 306â07.
2625:, pp. 164, 175â76.
1271:The sunken road in 2005
1023:German Baptist Brethren
878:and brigadier generals
88:; 162 years ago
86:September 17, 1862
8804:Atlantic coastal plain
8487:Richmond riots of 1863
8413:Baltimore riot of 1861
8193:U.S. Military Railroad
8113:Confederate Home Guard
7845:Historiographic issues
7811:Historical reenactment
6310:Revenue Cutter Service
6177:William Lloyd Garrison
6086:Dred Scott v. Sandford
5768:Appomattox Court House
5299:McClellan's operations
5163:Soldiers and civilians
5065:Baltimore Riot of 1861
4891:The Battle of Antietam
4737:Gottfried, Bradley M.
4430:Priest, John Michael.
3971:"Antietam Battlefield"
3671:"Civil War Casualties"
2469:and Brigadier General
1919:McPherson 2002, p. 155
1793:
1722:
1659:
1577:and Brigadier General
1558:
1468:
1431:
1397:
1368:
1329:61st New York Infantry
1323:
1272:
1248:
1198:
1168:
1125:
1116:Mansfield and Sedgwick
1099:
1070:
1017:
1008:Hooker and Hood attack
967:Williamsport, Maryland
945:
855:
821:Joseph K. F. Mansfield
732:
613:
450:Southern United States
448:, particularly in the
301:1,018 captured/missing
204:Commanders and leaders
9572:September 1862 events
8452:Great Revival of 1863
8329:Maryland, My Maryland
8118:Confederate railroads
7781:Civil War Roundtables
7650:Meridian riot of 1871
7645:Memphis riots of 1866
6202:George Luther Stearns
6187:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
6080:Crittenden Compromise
5158:Confederate regiments
4948:Antietam Animated Map
4601:a Compilation of the
4593:U.S. War Department,
4389:Battle Cry of Freedom
4302:The Antietam Campaign
4170:Esposito, Vincent J.
4094:The Antietam Campaign
3705:National Park Service
3677:. November 16, 2012.
2459:Sounding the Shallows
2066:Sounding the Shallows
1788:
1694:
1690:Crossroads of Freedom
1645:
1566:five months earlier.
1556:
1453:
1427:
1395:
1366:
1319:
1289:Roman Catholic Church
1270:
1244:
1187:
1164:
1123:
1097:
1063:On the attack by the
1061:
1027:Pennsylvania Reserves
1015:
953:, little hollows and
943:
936:Disposition of armies
844:
835:Further information:
721:
712:Further information:
644:Maryland, My Maryland
599:
570:Further information:
277:Casualties and losses
134:39.47333°N 77.74472°W
9577:Sharpsburg, Maryland
8339:Daar kom die Alibama
8254:National Union Party
7930:memorials to Lincoln
7850:Lost Cause mythology
7555:Eufaula riot of 1874
7543:Confederate refugees
6756:District of Columbia
6383:Union naval blockade
6229:Underground Railroad
6017:Nullification crisis
5510:Tidewater operations
5392:Goldsboro Expedition
5209:Monocacy Battlefield
5204:Loudon Park Cemetery
5179:Antietam Battlefield
5129:Surratt House Museum
4868:Vermilya, Daniel J.
4678:Carman, Ezra Ayers.
2081:Further information:
2031:Further information:
2012:Further information:
1989:Further information:
1757:, September 11, 2008
1575:Israel B. Richardson
1178:I Corps (Union Army)
693:Blue Ridge Mountains
678:Hagerstown, Maryland
474:Sharpsburg, Maryland
446:Battle of Sharpsburg
290:753 captured/missing
112:Sharpsburg, Maryland
51:Battle of Sharpsburg
9502:Maryland portal
9070:Baltimore Highlands
8799:Allegheny Mountains
8700:Tourist attractions
8497:Supreme Court cases
8264:Radical Republicans
8043:Old soldiers' homes
8027:Confederate Veteran
7953:artworks in Capitol
7672:Reconstruction acts
7533:Colfax riot of 1873
6497:Richmond-Petersburg
6102:Fugitive slave laws
6032:Popular sovereignty
6012:Missouri Compromise
6002:Kansas-Nebraska Act
4917:Antietam on the Web
4787:Jermann, Donald R.
4490:The Eastern Theater
4408:McPherson, James M.
4384:McPherson, James M.
4337:Jamieson, Perry D.
4129:Meade of Gettysburg
3786:, pp. 338â339.
3289:, pp. 260â261.
3245:, pp. 258â259.
3153:, pp. 245â246.
3129:, pp. 359â360.
3088:, pp. 100â103.
2995:, pp. 230â232.
2923:, pp. 352â353.
2887:, pp. 214â215.
2851:, pp. 202â203.
2536:, pp. 102â105.
2512:, pp. 371â372.
2500:, pp. 369â371.
2420:, pp. 818â825.
2384:, pp. 147â149.
2369:, pp. 127â129.
2294:, pp. 146â147.
2282:, pp. 363â364.
1571:Joseph K. Mansfield
1155:George Sears Greene
900:Alexander R. Lawton
876:Richard H. Anderson
805:William B. Franklin
737:Army of the Potomac
729:Army of the Potomac
724:George B. McClellan
648:Army of the Potomac
484:, it was the first
470:Army of the Potomac
466:George B. McClellan
444:), also called the
242:Army of the Potomac
215:George B. McClellan
153:Union victory (see
139:39.47333; -77.74472
130: /
9522:Battle of Antietam
9230:Montgomery Village
8829:Delmarva Peninsula
8658:Congressional maps
8318:A Lincoln Portrait
8259:Politicians killed
8183:U.S. Balloon Corps
8178:Union corps badges
7958:memorials to Davis
7828:Disenfranchisement
7699:Reconstruction era
7580:Timber Culture Act
7538:Compromise of 1877
6502:FranklinâNashville
6172:Frederick Douglass
6075:Cornerstone Speech
5992:Compromise of 1850
5940:American Civil War
5686:Boydton Plank Road
5424:Seven Days Battles
4853:Slotkin, Richard.
4661:Carman, Ezra Ayers
4657:10#1 (1994): 8â22.
4638:. Washington, DC:
4484:Welcher, Frank J.
4298:Gallagher, Gary W.
4184:West Point website
4090:Gallagher, Gary W.
4027:. HistoryNet LLC.
4021:"Antietam Rebirth"
3478:, pp. 291â92.
3466:, pp. 136â37.
3454:, pp. 132â36.
3418:, pp. 125â26.
3406:, pp. 266â67.
3394:, pp. 264â65.
3349:, pp. 359â60.
3208:, pp. 108â09.
2971:, pp. 221â30.
2947:, pp. 353â55.
2689:, pp. 190â91.
2648:Taken at the Flood
2234:, pp. 359â66.
2222:, pp. 110â12.
1998:July 10, 2012, at
1794:
1710:capture of Atlanta
1686:James M. McPherson
1660:
1632:American Red Cross
1591:George B. Anderson
1583:Lawrence O. Branch
1559:
1499:A. P. Hill arrives
1469:
1398:
1369:
1287:prescribed by the
1273:
1249:
1199:
1126:
1100:
1018:
946:
856:
769:Peninsula campaign
733:
635:Edmund Kirby Smith
614:
592:American Civil War
576:Seven Days Battles
572:Peninsula Campaign
454:American Civil War
401:Battle of Antietam
198:Confederate States
73:Thure de Thulstrup
59:American Civil War
48:Battle of Antietam
9532:Maryland campaign
9509:
9508:
9185:Hillcrest Heights
8849:Southern Maryland
8819:Cumberland Valley
8721:African Americans
8572:
8571:
8540:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8370:Italian Americans
8355:African Americans
8312:John Brown's Body
8065:
8064:
8061:
8060:
7978:
7977:
7816:Robert E. Lee Day
7560:Freedmen's Bureau
7523:BrooksâBaxter War
7454:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7238:
7237:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7010:
7009:
6427:Northern Virginia
6373:Trans-Mississippi
6346:
6345:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6133:Uncle Tom's Cabin
6070:African Americans
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5894:Shenandoah Valley
5884:Cumberland Valley
5844:
5843:
5836:Northern Virginia
5776:
5775:
5694:
5693:
5646:Trevilian Station
5564:
5563:
5489:
5488:
5374:Northern Virginia
5335:
5334:
5222:
5221:
5184:Burnside's Bridge
5077:Special Order 191
5071:Ex parte Merryman
5004:Maryland Campaign
4878:978-1-61121-375-1
4863:978-0-87140-411-4
4802:Murfin, James V.
4764:978-1-4214-0631-2
4747:978-1-61121-086-6
4732:978-0-9854119-2-3
4717:978-1-61121-590-8
4706:American Heritage
4692:978-1-932714-81-4
4627:978-0-8173-1600-6
4447:Sears, Stephen W.
4399:978-0-19-503863-7
4311:978-0-8078-5894-3
4280:Harsh, Joseph L.
4265:Harsh, Joseph L.
4239:978-0-578-96428-7
4220:978-0-684-82787-2
4103:978-0-8078-5894-3
4052:Secondary sources
3862:Los Angeles Times
3846:, pp. 14â17.
3834:, pp. 51â52.
2983:, pp. 39â55.
2959:, pp. 61â62.
2863:, pp. 79â80.
2803:, pp. 91â93.
2779:, pp. 93â96.
2755:, pp. 88â91.
2743:, pp. 71â73.
2463:Roswell S. Ripley
2444:, pp. 55â56.
2321:, pp. 21â22.
2174:, pp. 88â89.
2162:, pp. 65â66.
2090:July 8, 2012, at
1770:Alexander Gardner
1766:
1765:
1730:William H. Seward
1648:Alexander Gardner
1587:William E. Starke
1488:51st Pennsylvania
1477:6th New Hampshire
1460:51st Pennsylvania
1436:Henry Kyd Douglas
1421:Burnside's Bridge
1388:Burnside's Bridge
1337:Francis C. Barlow
1196:Alexander Gardner
931:Prelude to battle
906:. Lee also had a
880:David Rumph Jones
825:Alfred Pleasonton
792:Edwin Vose Sumner
670:Special Order 191
605: Confederate
566:Maryland Campaign
482:Maryland Campaign
396:
395:
383:Chambersburg Raid
340:Maryland campaign
305:
304:
161:
160:
106:Washington County
16:(Redirected from
9584:
9562:1862 in Maryland
9500:
9499:
9498:
9345:Wheaton-Glenmont
8876:Western Maryland
8844:Ridge and Valley
8599:
8592:
8585:
8576:
8575:
8562:
8552:
8551:
8375:Native Americans
8360:German Americans
8153:Partisan rangers
8148:Official Records
8088:
8087:
8071:
8070:
7963:memorials to Lee
7910:
7909:
7471:
7470:
7460:
7459:
7247:
7246:
7044:
7043:
7037:
7036:
7024:
7023:
6997:Washington, D.C.
6791:Indian Territory
6751:Dakota Territory
6709:
6708:
6626:Chancellorsville
6417:Jackson's Valley
6407:Blockade runners
6283:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6247:
6246:
6207:Thaddeus Stevens
6197:Lysander Spooner
6157:Susan B. Anthony
5959:
5958:
5948:
5947:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5910:
5909:
5853:
5852:
5829:
5794:
5793:
5785:
5784:
5705:
5704:
5585:Valley campaigns
5575:
5574:
5551:Chancellorsville
5516:Chancellorsville
5500:
5499:
5449:Savage's Station
5434:Beaver Dam Creek
5362:Jackson's Valley
5346:
5345:
5284:Western Virginia
5269:
5268:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5226:
5225:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4960:
4959:
4843:
4768:
4722:Frye, Dennis E.
4603:Official Records
4590:
4578:
4566:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4519:
4466:
4427:
4403:
4334:
4315:
4262:
4243:
4224:
4205:
4167:
4148:Eicher, David J.
4143:
4107:
4084:
4063:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4016:
4010:
3997:
3991:
3990:
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3284:
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3255:
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3209:
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3187:
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3172:
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3160:
3154:
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3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3016:Kennedy, p. 120.
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2935:, pp. 3â27.
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
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2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
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2864:
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2483:
2474:
2467:Lafayette McLaws
2455:Official Records
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
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2421:
2415:
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2003:
1986:
1980:
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1964:Battlefields.org
1956:
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1945:
1926:
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1910:
1908:
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1892:
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1872:
1866:
1862:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1738:
1669:Henry W. Halleck
1608:Chancellorsville
1564:Battle of Shiloh
1515:
1507:
1493:
1481:Delos B. Sackett
1438:
1417:
1408:
1402:Ambrose Burnside
1331:
1326:Unknown sergeant
1300:John C. Caldwell
1247:9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
1226:
1217:
1209:
1180:
1110:
1105:
1078:
1065:Louisiana Tigers
908:Cavalry Division
872:Lafayette McLaws
864:James Longstreet
809:Ambrose Burnside
800:Washington, D.C.
796:Fitz John Porter
745:Army of Virginia
616:Robert E. Lee's
610:
604:
522:Ambrose Burnside
440:
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9510:
9505:
9496:
9494:
9487:
9448:Prince George's
9359:
9165:Fort Washington
9041:
8988:
8880:
8824:Delaware Valley
8785:
8704:
8624:
8612:
8603:
8573:
8568:
8532:
8516:
8401:
8365:Irish Americans
8343:
8288:
8197:
8188:U.S. Home Guard
8128:Field artillery
8082:
8081:
8057:
7999:
7974:
7936:
7905:
7899:
7791:Civil War Trust
7758:
7752:
7640:Ethnic violence
7625:KirkâHolden war
7504:
7465:
7442:
7376:
7234:
7178:
7031:
7006:
6960:
6713:
6700:
6531:
6512:Sherman's March
6492:Bermuda Hundred
6387:
6342:
6314:
6270:
6269:
6233:
6192:J. Sella Martin
6162:James G. Birney
6138:
6056:
5982:Bleeding Kansas
5970:
5953:
5942:
5937:
5907:
5898:
5872:
5840:
5820:
5788:
5772:
5738:2nd Fort Fisher
5726:
5690:
5661:2nd Deep Bottom
5614:
5597:Bermuda Hundred
5560:
5539:
5485:
5454:White Oak Swamp
5397:
5331:
5307:
5258:
5253:
5223:
5218:
5167:
5153:Union regiments
5141:
5102:
5086:
5053:
4992:
4987:
4906:Civil War Trust
4902:Wayback Machine
4887:
4832:
4782:Wayback Machine
4765:
4614:
4612:Further reading
4587:
4563:
4545:
4543:Primary sources
4532:
4530:
4516:
4463:
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4331:
4312:
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4007:Wayback Machine
3998:
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3872:
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3855:
3854:
3850:
3844:Frassanito 1978
3842:
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3832:Frassanito 1978
3830:
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3818:
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3806:
3802:
3794:
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2799:
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2789:Frassanito 1978
2787:
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2751:
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2416:
2412:
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2400:
2396:, pp. 189.
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2107:
2098:
2079:
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2058:
2051:
2045:Wayback Machine
2029:
2022:
2010:
2006:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
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1880:
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1873:
1869:
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1859:
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1822:
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1774:James F. Gibson
1748:
1742:External videos
1640:
1579:Isaac P. Rodman
1551:
1546:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1463:
1440:
1433:
1415:
1406:
1390:
1385:
1383:Afternoon phase
1333:
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1317:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1224:
1215:
1207:
1193:
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1175:
1170:
1159:flanking attack
1118:
1108:
1103:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1010:
1005:
1000:
991:
979:Burnside Bridge
938:
933:
912:J. E. B. Stuart
850:
839:
833:
727:
716:
710:
705:
703:Opposing forces
655:Jefferson Davis
639:Baltimore riots
626:Second Bull Run
612:
608:
606:
602:
594:
568:
562:
550:Abraham Lincoln
496:After pursuing
438:
408:
404:
397:
392:
344:
339:
337:
335:
300:
298:
296:
289:
287:
285:
270:30,646 engaged
264:53,632 engaged
191:
189:
173:
171:
138:
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132:
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121:
119:
117:
116:
115:
109:
92:
90:
87:
70:
50:
49:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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9042:
9040:
9039:
9037:Upper Marlboro
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8998:
8996:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8986:
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8954:Havre de Grace
8951:
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8784:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8731:Climate change
8728:
8723:
8718:
8712:
8710:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
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8522:
8518:
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8514:
8512:Women soldiers
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8467:Naming the war
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8437:
8436:
8435:
8425:
8420:
8415:
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8130:
8125:
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8115:
8110:
8105:
8103:Campaign Medal
8100:
8094:
8092:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8078:Related topics
8075:
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7825:
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7808:
7806:Decoration Day
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7762:
7760:
7759:Reconstruction
7754:
7753:
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7745:
7740:
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7738:
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7647:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7613:second inquiry
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7585:
7584:
7583:
7577:
7570:Homestead Acts
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7551:
7550:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7518:Alabama Claims
7514:
7512:
7510:Reconstruction
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7500:
7498:15th Amendment
7495:
7493:14th Amendment
7490:
7488:13th Amendment
7479:
7477:
7467:
7466:
7456:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7435:
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7405:
7400:
7395:
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7378:
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7375:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7253:
7251:
7244:
7240:
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7235:
7233:
7232:
7227:
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7217:
7212:
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7192:
7186:
7184:
7180:
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7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7119:J. E. Johnston
7116:
7114:A. S. Johnston
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7054:R. H. Anderson
7050:
7048:
7041:
7033:
7032:
7020:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6916:South Carolina
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6891:North Carolina
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6616:Fredericksburg
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6556:Wilson's Creek
6553:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6368:Lower Seaboard
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6324:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6280:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6224:Harriet Tubman
6221:
6220:
6219:
6212:Charles Sumner
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6148:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6066:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6047:States' rights
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5962:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5943:
5936:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5913:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5857:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5832:
5830:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5763:Sailor's Creek
5760:
5758:3rd Petersburg
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5718:
5711:
5709:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5676:Chaffin's Farm
5673:
5671:3rd Winchester
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5651:2nd Petersburg
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5611:(JunâMar 1865)
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5581:
5579:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5506:
5504:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5481:Fredericksburg
5478:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5389:
5386:Fredericksburg
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5352:
5350:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5229:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5044:South Mountain
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5019:Crampton's Gap
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4986:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4886:
4885:External links
4883:
4882:
4881:
4866:
4851:
4844:
4830:
4815:
4800:
4785:
4769:
4763:
4750:
4735:
4720:
4709:
4695:
4684:South Mountain
4676:
4658:
4651:
4632:Ballard, Ted.
4630:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4591:
4585:
4568:
4561:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4520:
4514:
4501:
4482:
4467:
4461:
4443:
4428:
4422:
4404:
4398:
4380:
4365:
4350:
4335:
4329:
4316:
4310:
4293:
4278:
4263:
4257:
4244:
4238:
4225:
4219:
4206:
4200:
4187:
4168:
4162:
4144:
4138:
4123:
4110:Cannan, John.
4108:
4102:
4085:
4079:
4064:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4011:
3992:
3962:
3932:
3906:
3880:
3848:
3836:
3824:
3822:, p. 318.
3812:
3810:, p. 505.
3808:McPherson 1988
3800:
3798:, p. 155.
3796:McPherson 2002
3788:
3776:
3764:
3762:, p. 296.
3752:
3722:
3692:
3662:
3632:
3605:
3603:, p. 363.
3593:
3566:
3554:
3524:
3501:
3489:
3480:
3468:
3456:
3444:
3442:, p. 131.
3432:
3430:, p. 276.
3420:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3382:, p. 120.
3372:
3370:, p. 263.
3360:
3358:Tucker, p. 87.
3351:
3339:
3337:, p. 539.
3335:McPherson 1988
3327:
3325:, pp. 39.
3315:
3313:, p. 172.
3303:
3301:, p. 465.
3291:
3279:
3277:, p. 260.
3262:
3247:
3235:
3222:
3220:, p. 141.
3210:
3198:
3179:
3177:, p. 108.
3167:
3165:, p. 254.
3155:
3143:
3141:, p. 361.
3131:
3119:
3117:, p. 102.
3107:
3105:, p. 242.
3090:
3078:
3076:, p. 100.
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3009:
3007:, p. 294.
2997:
2985:
2981:Armstrong 2002
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2933:Armstrong 2002
2925:
2913:
2901:
2899:, p. 215.
2889:
2877:
2875:, p. 206.
2865:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2791:, p. 122.
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2718:
2706:
2691:
2679:
2664:
2662:, p. 181.
2652:
2639:
2627:
2615:
2613:, p. 174.
2598:
2586:
2574:
2572:, p. 168.
2570:Glatthaar 2008
2562:
2550:
2548:, p. 105.
2538:
2526:
2524:, p. 102.
2514:
2502:
2490:
2488:, p. 216.
2486:Gottfried 2021
2475:
2471:John G. Walker
2446:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2408:, p. 366.
2398:
2394:Gottfried 2021
2386:
2382:Gottfried 2021
2371:
2367:Gottfried 2021
2359:
2357:, p. 257.
2347:
2345:, p. 109.
2343:Gottfried 2021
2335:
2331:Gottfried 2021
2323:
2319:Gottfried 2021
2311:
2309:, p. 147.
2296:
2284:
2272:
2270:, p. 147.
2268:Gottfried 2021
2260:
2258:, p. 173.
2245:
2236:
2224:
2220:McPherson 2002
2212:
2210:, p. 109.
2208:McPherson 2002
2200:
2198:, p. 108.
2196:McPherson 2002
2188:
2186:, p. 112.
2176:
2172:McPherson 2002
2164:
2152:
2143:
2141:, p. 337.
2131:
2129:, p. 100.
2127:McPherson 2002
2119:
2111:South Mountain
2096:
2070:
2049:
2020:
2004:
1981:
1951:
1921:
1912:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1782:
1779:
1768:Photographers
1764:
1763:
1744:
1743:
1665:War Department
1646:Photograph by
1639:
1636:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1500:
1497:
1454:Charge of the
1426:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1309:John B. Gordon
1305:Charles C. Tew
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1221:Van H. Manning
1214:At around 9:45
1194:Photograph by
1171:Major General
1163:
1139:Spotsylvania's
1135:Fredericksburg
1117:
1114:
1060:
1043:Parrott rifles
1039:Stephen D. Lee
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
990:
987:
937:
934:
932:
929:
888:John Bell Hood
884:John G. Walker
858:General Lee's
832:
829:
777:North Carolina
709:
706:
704:
701:
607:
601:
564:Main article:
561:
558:
526:a stone bridge
480:. Part of the
478:Antietam Creek
394:
393:
391:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
368:South Mountain
365:
363:Crampton's Gap
360:
355:
349:
346:
345:
334:
333:
326:
319:
311:
303:
302:
291:
279:
278:
274:
273:
267:
260:
259:
255:
254:
244:
233:
232:
231:Units involved
228:
227:
217:
206:
205:
201:
200:
187:
168:
167:
163:
162:
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:
104:
102:
98:
97:
84:
76:
75:
62:
61:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9589:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9519:
9517:
9504:
9503:
9490:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9366:
9362:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9310:Silver Spring
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9145:Ellicott City
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9048:
9044:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8964:Pocomoke City
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8887:
8883:
8877:
8874:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8834:Eastern Shore
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8788:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8631:
8627:
8622:
8621:
8615:
8611:
8607:
8600:
8595:
8593:
8588:
8586:
8581:
8580:
8577:
8565:
8561:
8557:
8555:
8547:
8546:
8543:
8529:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8482:Photographers
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8457:Gender issues
8455:
8453:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8404:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8346:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8295:
8291:
8285:
8284:War Democrats
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8274:Union Leagues
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8204:
8200:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8173:Turning point
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8143:Naval battles
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8077:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8002:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7971:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7939:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7908:
7906:and memorials
7902:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7766:Commemoration
7764:
7763:
7761:
7755:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7608:first inquiry
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7528:Carpetbaggers
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7507:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7461:
7457:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7379:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7248:
7245:
7241:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7021:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6951:West Virginia
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:New Hampshire
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6831:Massachusetts
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6710:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6571:Hampton Roads
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6561:Fort Donelson
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6539:
6534:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6457:Morgan's Raid
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6402:Anaconda Plan
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6390:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6378:Pacific Coast
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6112:Positive good
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6027:Panic of 1857
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5987:Border states
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5934:
5929:
5927:
5922:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:Major battles
5729:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:Major battles
5617:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:Major battles
5542:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5409:Hampton Roads
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:Major battles
5400:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5310:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5245:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:Fort Marshall
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5136:Constellation
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:Miscellaneous
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4831:0-8032-8935-9
4827:
4823:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4812:0-8071-0990-8
4809:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4797:1-58980-366-3
4794:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4698:Catton, Bruce
4696:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:0-415-95628-5
4670:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4586:0-8078-0337-5
4582:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4562:0-8032-6618-9
4558:
4554:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4528:
4527:
4521:
4517:
4515:0-393-04758-X
4511:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4498:0-253-36453-1
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:0-8117-0199-9
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4462:0-89919-172-X
4458:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:0-19-508466-7
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4423:0-19-513521-0
4419:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4377:0-7006-0784-6
4374:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4362:0-395-74012-6
4359:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:1-893114-07-4
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4330:9781421446592
4326:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4290:0-87338-631-0
4287:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:0-87338-641-8
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4258:0-89096-623-0
4254:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4201:0-684-17645-9
4197:
4193:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4163:0-684-84944-5
4159:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4139:0-8061-2298-6
4135:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4120:0-938289-91-8
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4080:0-8094-4740-1
4076:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3996:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3845:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3809:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3785:
3780:
3774:, p. 67.
3773:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3505:
3498:
3493:
3484:
3477:
3472:
3465:
3460:
3453:
3448:
3441:
3436:
3429:
3424:
3417:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3381:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3260:, p. 64.
3259:
3254:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3202:
3195:
3193:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3064:, p. 99.
3063:
3058:
3052:, p. 63.
3051:
3046:
3040:, p. 94.
3039:
3034:
3028:, p. 93.
3027:
3022:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2922:
2917:
2911:, p. 80.
2910:
2905:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2839:, p. 95.
2838:
2833:
2827:, p. 91.
2826:
2821:
2815:, p. 79.
2814:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2767:, p. 75.
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2737:
2731:, p. 61.
2730:
2725:
2723:
2716:, p. 71.
2715:
2710:
2704:, p. 70.
2703:
2698:
2696:
2688:
2683:
2677:, p. 60.
2676:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2643:
2637:, p. 63.
2636:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2596:, p. 60.
2595:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2571:
2566:
2560:, p. 47.
2559:
2554:
2547:
2546:Bohannon 1999
2542:
2535:
2534:Bohannon 1999
2530:
2523:
2522:Bohannon 1999
2518:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2432:, p. 39.
2431:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2333:, p. 69.
2332:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2115:Shepherdstown
2112:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2092:archive.today
2089:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2001:
2000:archive.today
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1871:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1555:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1456:51st New York
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1411:
1403:
1394:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:64th New York
1342:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:William Corby
1278:
1277:Irish Brigade
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1229:
1222:
1212:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1176:Commander of
1174:
1173:Joseph Hooker
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1113:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1066:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1003:Morning phase
995:
986:
984:
980:
974:
970:
968:
964:
963:Shepherdstown
960:
959:Potomac River
956:
952:
942:
928:
925:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:John R. Jones
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
853:
848:
847:Robert E. Lee
843:
838:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:Joseph Hooker
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
730:
725:
720:
715:
700:
698:
694:
690:
689:Harpers Ferry
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:John M. Bloss
663:
658:
656:
653:
649:
645:
640:
636:
632:
631:Braxton Bragg
627:
623:
619:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
567:
557:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
539:Potomac River
535:
534:Harpers Ferry
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Dunker Church
515:
514:Joseph Hooker
511:
507:
506:Major General
503:
499:
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Robert E. Lee
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
432:
402:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
378:Shepherdstown
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
358:Harpers Ferry
356:
354:
351:
350:
347:
342:
332:
327:
325:
320:
318:
313:
312:
309:
299:7,752 wounded
295:
292:
288:9,549 wounded
284:
281:
280:
275:
272:194 artillery
271:
268:
266:275 artillery
265:
262:
261:
256:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
234:
229:
226:
225:Robert E. Lee
222:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:
202:
199:
188:
185:
181:
180:United States
170:
169:
164:
156:
152:
149:
148:
143:
113:
107:
103:
100:
99:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
68:
63:
60:
55:
46:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
9493:
9453:Queen Anne's
9378:Anne Arundel
9305:Severna Park
9285:Reisterstown
9275:Randallstown
9245:Owings Mills
9225:Milford Mill
9220:Middle River
9195:Langley Park
9080:Camp Springs
9032:Port Deposit
8939:Gaithersburg
8924:College Park
8766:Homelessness
8746:Demographics
8618:
8423:Bibliography
8406:Other topics
8348:By ethnicity
8316:
8269:Trent Affair
8168:Signal Corps
8025:
7748:White League
7635:Ku Klux Klan
7548:Confederados
7475:Constitution
7347:D. D. Porter
7200:Breckinridge
6911:Rhode Island
6906:Pennsylvania
6661:Spotsylvania
6621:Stones River
6605:
6601:2nd Bull Run
6551:1st Bull Run
6437:Stones River
6338:Marine Corps
6305:Marine Corps
6144:Abolitionism
6131:
6084:
5748:Fort Stedman
5666:Globe Tavern
5475:
5471:2nd Bull Run
5464:Malvern Hill
5439:Gaines' Mill
5414:Williamsburg
5327:1st Bull Run
5194:Fort McHenry
5135:
5069:
5049:Williamsport
5024:Folck's Mill
5008:
4869:
4854:
4847:
4820:
4803:
4788:
4773:
4754:
4738:
4723:
4705:
4683:
4679:
4664:
4654:
4634:
4618:
4600:
4595:
4574:
4551:
4531:. Retrieved
4525:
4505:
4489:
4485:
4470:
4451:
4431:
4412:
4387:
4368:
4353:
4338:
4320:
4301:
4281:
4266:
4248:
4229:
4210:
4191:
4171:
4152:
4128:
4111:
4093:
4069:
4059:
4047:Bibliography
4033:. Retrieved
4024:
4014:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3965:
3953:. Retrieved
3944:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3860:
3851:
3839:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3745:February 14,
3743:. Retrieved
3725:
3715:February 10,
3713:. Retrieved
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3644:
3635:
3623:. Retrieved
3608:
3596:
3586:February 10,
3584:. Retrieved
3569:
3557:
3547:February 15,
3545:. Retrieved
3536:
3527:
3509:
3504:
3492:
3483:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3318:
3311:Douglas 1940
3306:
3299:Hartwig 2023
3294:
3282:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3191:
3170:
3158:
3146:
3139:Hartwig 2023
3134:
3127:Hartwig 2023
3122:
3110:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3012:
3005:Hartwig 2023
3000:
2988:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2909:Cleaves 1960
2904:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2777:Hartwig 2023
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2709:
2682:
2655:
2650:, pp. 366â67
2647:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2589:
2582:Hartwig 2023
2577:
2565:
2553:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2458:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2418:Hartwig 2023
2413:
2401:
2389:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2326:
2314:
2307:Hartwig 2012
2292:Hartwig 2012
2287:
2275:
2263:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2080:
2065:
2033:
2030:
2011:
2007:
1988:
1984:
1974:February 10,
1972:. Retrieved
1963:
1954:
1944:February 15,
1942:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1915:
1905:February 15,
1903:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1870:
1860:
1810:
1802:
1795:
1767:
1754:
1734:
1723:
1695:
1689:
1674:
1661:
1628:Clara Barton
1624:Stones River
1596:
1568:
1560:
1538:
1534:
1530:9th New York
1518:
1510:
1502:
1485:
1473:2nd Maryland
1470:
1466:Edwin Forbes
1445:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1412:
1399:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1358:
1349:Nelson Miles
1334:
1324:
1320:
1297:
1274:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1232:Midday phase
1213:
1204:
1200:
1169:
1165:
1151:
1147:
1127:
1101:
1089:Iron Brigade
1085:
1081:
1071:
1062:
1056:
1047:
1032:
1019:
992:
975:
971:
947:
920:
857:
817:Jacob D. Cox
785:
734:
682:
659:
615:
543:
495:
445:
400:
398:
372:
297:1,567 killed
293:
286:2,108 killed
282:
269:
263:
166:Belligerents
57:Part of the
42:
29:
9295:St. Charles
9215:Lutherville
9180:Green Haven
9175:Glen Burnie
9090:Catonsville
9022:Leonardtown
8984:Westminster
8979:Takoma Park
8771:LGBT rights
8726:Agriculture
8229:Copperheads
7941:Confederate
7833:Black Codes
7159:E. K. Smith
7040:Confederate
6987:New Orleans
6982:Chattanooga
6846:Mississippi
6746:Connecticut
6714:territories
6705:Involvement
6666:Cold Harbor
6656:Fort Pillow
6646:Chattanooga
6641:Chickamauga
6591:Seven Pines
6581:New Orleans
6546:Fort Sumter
6487:Valley 1864
6320:Confederacy
6117:Slave Power
6097:Fire-Eaters
5868:Susquehanna
5863:Monongahela
5856:Departments
5743:Bentonville
5681:Cedar Creek
5641:Cold Harbor
5522:Gettysburg
5419:Seven Pines
5322:Fort Sumter
4895:Battle Maps
4035:January 21,
3985:January 26,
3955:January 21,
3925:January 25,
3899:January 25,
3772:Bailey 1984
3685:January 30,
3655:January 30,
3625:January 28,
3601:Eicher 2001
3464:Bailey 1984
3452:Bailey 1984
3440:Bailey 1984
3416:Bailey 1984
3380:Bailey 1984
3347:Eicher 2001
3323:Eicher 2001
3218:Bailey 1984
3206:Bailey 1984
3175:Bailey 1984
3115:Bailey 1984
3086:Bailey 1984
3074:Bailey 1984
3062:Bailey 1984
3038:Bailey 1984
3026:Bailey 1984
2945:Eicher 2001
2921:Eicher 2001
2861:Bailey 1984
2825:Bailey 1984
2813:Bailey 1984
2765:Bailey 1984
2741:Bailey 1984
2714:Bailey 1984
2702:Bailey 1984
2635:Bailey 1984
2594:Bailey 1984
2558:Hanson 1998
2430:Hanson 1998
2139:Eicher 2001
2085:pp. 189â204
1714:Mississippi
1604:Chickamauga
1373:Bloody Lane
1143:Cold Harbor
1131:Rufus Dawes
831:Confederate
687:capture of
611: Union
498:Confederate
137: /
9516:Categories
9473:Washington
9458:St. Mary's
9443:Montgomery
9413:Dorchester
9315:South Gate
9265:Pikesville
9260:Perry Hall
9170:Germantown
9135:Eldersburg
9110:Colesville
9065:Aspen Hill
9027:Ocean City
8949:Hagerstown
8929:Cumberland
8814:Chesapeake
8809:Blue Ridge
8673:Newspapers
8668:Mass media
8648:Government
8462:Juneteenth
7983:Cemeteries
7860:Red Shirts
7771:Centennial
7721:Red Shirts
7129:Longstreet
7059:Beauregard
7002:Winchester
6977:Charleston
6946:Washington
6881:New Mexico
6876:New Jersey
6736:California
6712:States and
6696:Five Forks
6681:Mobile Bay
6651:Wilderness
6631:Gettysburg
6611:Perryville
6596:Seven Days
6527:Appomattox
6452:Gettysburg
6412:New Mexico
6279:Combatants
6254:Combatants
6167:John Brown
5816:Shenandoah
5753:Five Forks
5721:Appomattox
5715:Wilmington
5636:North Anna
5626:Wilderness
5609:Petersburg
5556:Gettysburg
4682:. Vol. 1,
4488:. Vol. 1,
4025:HistoryNet
3873:August 10,
3820:Sears 1983
3784:Sears 1983
3760:Sears 1983
3562:Sears 1983
3512:pp. 810â13
3497:Sears 1983
3476:Sears 1983
3428:Sears 1983
3404:Sears 1983
3392:Sears 1983
3368:Sears 1983
3287:Sears 1983
3275:Sears 1983
3258:Wolff 2000
3243:Sears 1983
3163:Sears 1983
3151:Sears 1983
3103:Sears 1983
3050:Wolff 2000
2993:Sears 1983
2969:Sears 1983
2957:Wolff 2000
2897:Sears 1983
2885:Sears 1983
2873:Sears 1983
2849:Sears 1983
2837:Dawes 1999
2801:Dawes 1999
2753:Dawes 1999
2729:Wolff 2000
2687:Sears 1983
2675:Wolff 2000
2660:Sears 1983
2623:Sears 1983
2611:Sears 1983
2510:Sears 1983
2498:Sears 1983
2442:Sears 1983
2406:Sears 1983
2355:Sears 1983
2280:Sears 1983
2256:Sears 1983
2232:Sears 1983
2184:Sears 1983
2160:Sears 1983
1993:pp. 169â80
1698:Gettysburg
1616:Wilderness
1600:Gettysburg
1549:Casualties
1285:absolution
924:smoothbore
813:Jesse Reno
771:, and the
722:Maj. Gen.
560:Background
530:A. P. Hill
510:Union Army
486:field army
125:77°44â˛41âłW
122:39°28â˛24âłN
93:1862-09-17
9483:Worcester
9418:Frederick
9383:Baltimore
9350:White Oak
9255:Parkville
9250:Oxon Hill
9205:Lansdowne
8974:Salisbury
8969:Rockville
8944:Greenbelt
8934:Frederick
8919:Cambridge
8914:Brunswick
8904:Baltimore
8899:Annapolis
8854:Tidewater
8756:Education
8623:(capital)
8620:Annapolis
8440:Espionage
8234:Diplomacy
8202:Political
8158:POW camps
7904:Monuments
7731:Scalawags
7726:Redeemers
7464:Aftermath
7413:Pinkerton
7352:Rosecrans
7317:McClellan
7220:Memminger
6956:Wisconsin
6921:Tennessee
6841:Minnesota
6816:Louisiana
6691:Nashville
6636:Vicksburg
6566:Pea Ridge
6517:Carolinas
6472:Red River
6467:Knoxville
6447:Tullahoma
6442:Vicksburg
6422:Peninsula
6394:campaigns
6260:Campaigns
6037:Secession
5877:Landforms
5849:Geography
5723:(MarâApr)
5717:(DecâFeb)
5708:Campaigns
5605:(MayâJun)
5593:(AprâMay)
5578:Campaigns
5536:(NovâDec)
5530:(OctâNov)
5524:(JunâJul)
5518:(AprâMay)
5512:(MarâApr)
5503:Campaigns
5429:Oak Grove
5388:(NovâDec)
5376:(Jul-Sep)
5370:(MarâJul)
5368:Peninsula
5364:(MarâJun)
5358:(FebâJun)
5349:Campaigns
5301:(OctâDec)
5286:(JunâDec)
5273:Campaigns
5029:Funkstown
5014:Boonsboro
4533:April 28,
2062:A.P. Hill
1883:Citations
1702:Vicksburg
1678:strategic
1656:McClellan
1544:Aftermath
1035:Cornfield
983:Boonsboro
951:limestone
753:XII Corps
741:John Pope
652:President
353:Mile Hill
155:aftermath
9478:Wicomico
9463:Somerset
9393:Caroline
9373:Allegany
9365:Counties
9355:Woodlawn
9325:Timonium
9320:Suitland
9290:Rosedale
9210:Lochearn
9190:Landover
9160:Ferndale
9155:Fairland
9140:Elkridge
9130:Edgewood
9115:Columbia
9075:Bethesda
8894:Aberdeen
8839:Piedmont
8776:Politics
8761:Gun laws
8716:Abortion
8610:Maryland
8554:Category
8395:Seminole
8385:Cherokee
8138:Medicine
8091:Military
8004:Veterans
7838:Jim Crow
7603:timeline
7398:Ericsson
7381:Civilian
7362:Sheridan
7322:McDowell
7282:Farragut
7267:Burnside
7257:Anderson
7250:Military
7230:Stephens
7190:Benjamin
7183:Civilian
7069:Buchanan
7047:Military
6992:Richmond
6941:Virginia
6886:New York
6861:Nebraska
6851:Missouri
6836:Michigan
6826:Maryland
6811:Kentucky
6786:Illinois
6761:Delaware
6741:Colorado
6726:Arkansas
6686:Franklin
6606:Antietam
6477:Overland
6432:Maryland
6351:Theaters
6257:Theaters
5811:Virginia
5603:Overland
5534:Mine Run
5476:Antietam
5459:Glendale
5380:Maryland
5290:Manassas
5039:Monocacy
5009:Antietam
4898:Archived
4840:44957745
4778:Archived
4648:68192262
4642:, 2006.
4449:(1983).
4410:(2002).
4386:(1988).
4150:(2001).
4029:Archived
4003:Archived
3979:Archived
3949:Archived
3919:Archived
3893:Archived
3867:Archived
3739:Archived
3709:Archived
3679:Archived
3649:Archived
3619:Archived
3580:Archived
3541:Archived
3515:Archived
2088:Archived
2041:Archived
1996:Archived
1968:Archived
1938:Archived
1865:engaged.
1820:See also
1718:Kentucky
1353:enfilade
1339:led the
1190:Starke's
781:IV Corps
773:IX Corps
765:VI Corps
757:II Corps
622:Maryland
546:tactical
502:Maryland
373:Antietam
258:Strength
101:Location
18:Antietam
9428:Harford
9423:Garrett
9408:Charles
9398:Carroll
9388:Calvert
9340:Waldorf
9280:Redland
9270:Potomac
9235:Odenton
9125:Dundalk
9120:Crofton
9100:Clinton
9095:Chillum
9055:Arbutus
9002:Bel Air
8791:Regions
8751:Economy
8736:Culture
8709:Society
8695:Symbols
8663:History
8521:Related
8390:Choctaw
8380:Catawba
8163:Rations
8108:Cavalry
7970:Removal
7598:efforts
7582:of 1873
7428:Stevens
7423:Stanton
7408:Lincoln
7367:Sherman
7302:Halleck
7292:FrĂŠmont
7277:Du Pont
7215:Mallory
7174:Wheeler
7109:Jackson
7089:Forrest
7029:Leaders
6972:Atlanta
6936:Vermont
6856:Montana
6796:Indiana
6771:Georgia
6766:Florida
6731:Arizona
6721:Alabama
6671:Atlanta
6586:Corinth
6538:battles
6482:Atlanta
6462:Bristoe
6363:Western
6358:Eastern
6263:Battles
6062:Slavery
5966:Origins
5952:Origins
5806:Potomac
5528:Bristoe
5314:battles
5107:Museums
5034:Hancock
4997:Battles
4300:(ed.).
4180:5890637
4092:(ed.).
3617:. NPR.
3537:Nps.gov
2646:Harsh,
1934:Nps.gov
1900:Nps.gov
1652:Lincoln
1528:of the
1526:Zouaves
761:V Corps
749:I Corps
695:in the
91: (
9468:Talbot
9433:Howard
9335:Urbana
9330:Towson
9300:Severn
9200:Lanham
9085:Carney
9060:Arnold
9017:Elkton
9012:Easton
9007:Denton
8959:Laurel
8886:Cities
8781:Sports
8690:People
8643:Cities
8630:Topics
8564:Portal
8502:Tokens
7438:Welles
7418:Seward
7403:Hamlin
7372:Thomas
7307:Hooker
7272:Butler
7225:Seddon
7210:Hunter
7195:Bocock
7169:Taylor
7164:Stuart
7154:Semmes
7134:Morgan
7094:Gorgas
7074:Cooper
6965:Cities
6901:Oregon
6866:Nevada
6806:Kansas
6776:Hawaii
6676:Crater
6576:Shiloh
6536:Major
6522:Mobile
6392:Major
6266:States
6217:Caning
5781:Armies
5656:Crater
5312:Major
5172:Places
5146:People
5058:Events
4876:
4861:
4838:
4828:
4810:
4795:
4761:
4745:
4730:
4715:
4690:
4671:
4646:
4625:
4583:
4559:
4512:
4496:
4477:
4459:
4438:
4420:
4396:
4375:
4360:
4345:
4327:
4308:
4288:
4273:
4255:
4236:
4217:
4198:
4178:
4160:
4136:
4118:
4100:
4077:
2016:803â10
1761:C-SPAN
1622:, and
1620:Shiloh
1610:, and
1514:
1506:
1492:
1416:
1407:
1225:
1216:
1208:
1109:
1104:
998:Battle
955:swales
886:, and
763:, and
676:, and
609:
603:
590:, and
476:, and
388:Unison
294:10,337
283:12,410
195:
177:
150:Result
114:, U.S.
9403:Cecil
9240:Olney
9150:Essex
8994:Towns
8909:Bowie
8741:Crime
8678:Radio
8638:Index
8606:State
8307:Dixie
8294:Music
7913:Union
7757:Post-
7593:trial
7393:Chase
7388:Adams
7357:Scott
7332:Meigs
7327:Meade
7297:Grant
7287:Foote
7262:Buell
7243:Union
7205:Davis
7149:Price
7139:Mosby
7084:Ewell
7079:Early
7064:Bragg
6926:Texas
6821:Maine
6781:Idaho
6287:Union
5801:James
5599:(May)
5394:(Dec)
5382:(Sep)
5292:(Jul)
3231:after
3190:ABT,
2038:p. 67
1852:Notes
1293:Irish
1051:melee
854:(CSA)
845:Gen.
731:(USA)
708:Union
472:near
184:Union
110:near
9438:Kent
9047:CDPs
8492:Salt
8098:Arms
7948:List
7920:List
7433:Wade
7342:Pope
7312:Hunt
7144:Polk
7104:Hood
7099:Hill
6931:Utah
6896:Ohio
6801:Iowa
6333:Navy
6328:Army
6300:Navy
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