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349:. A popular slogan used to recruit people to the Knights of Labor was "the Chinese must go". Despite the widespread hostility towards the Chinese population of Tacoma from community notables and the media, a few leaders spoke out against the force and violence aimed at the Chinese and advocated for tolerance. The most significant of these figures was U.S. Attorney William H. White, who, after the riot, charged 27 people involved in the riot to deprive the Chinese of equal protection of the laws. The most notable of these people included Mayor Weisbach, Probate Judge
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263:. The men blamed the Chinese workers for the Union Pacific Railroad not listening to their demands and blamed the company for allowing the Chinese miners to work in established coal seams. To show resistance to the company's decision, the white miners initiated the riot to drive the Chinese people out of Rock Springs. The following day on September 3, 1885, all 500 Chinese miners in Rock Springs were driven out and 79 homes were set on fire.
385:, United States. A meeting took place on February 6, 1886, at Bijou Theater, to organize the expulsion of the Chinese residents from Seattle. The following morning groups of five entered the homes of the Chinese residents, under the reasoning of investigating city health regulations. The mob evicted 350 Chinese residents from their homes and attempted to expel them from Seattle via steamships and trains. The Seattle
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22:
428:, who, on November 5, 1885, delivered a speech to a crowd of 700 at the Seattle Opera House. In attendance were the Knights of Labor, who organized an anti-Chinese mass meeting that day. Burke opposed force and violence and urged the men to respect the law and treaties to protect the Chinese. However, he was hissed at and booed by the crowd. Additionally, Mayor Yesler and
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involved, and they pleaded not guilty on
September 1, 1888. A local rancher, George Craig, who had discovered a portion of the miner's bodies, later stated that "if they had killed 31 white men, something would have been done about it, but none of the juries knew the Chinamen or cared much about it, so they turned the men loose."
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A gang member, Frank Vaughn, confessed to the crime in April 1888. He revealed the involvement of Bruce Evans, Charley
Canfield and C.O. LaRue, which led to their arrest on March 23, 1888. He also stated that the three other convicted members, Robert McMillan, Carl Hughes and Hiram Maynard, were not
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passed
Resolution No. 32415 to recognize and reconcile the expulsion of the Chinese people of Tacoma in 1885. This decision led to the creation of the Chinese Reconciliation Park, located off Schuster Parkway, Tacoma, Washington. The park stands a hundred feet from a former lumber mill where Chinese
275:
Due to the
Chinese workers being used as cheap labor, the Union Pacific Railroad lowered the earnings of all employees regardless of race. Under the union, the Knights of Labor, the white workers requested for higher wages and better working conditions. The Chinese workers were asked by the union to
752:
Stanton, Rebecca (2020). "A Consequential
Closing THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT OF 1882: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prevented the immigration of Chinese people into the United States from the late 1880s until the early 1940s, under the premise that "the coming of Chinese laborers to this country
440:
Following the incident in 1885, a grand jury indicated 15 leaders of the militant anti-Chinese group on conspiracy charges. These leaders included Daniel Cronin, the
Knights of Labor organizer; Mary Kenworthy, a socialist leader; and George V. Smith, lawyer and community organizer. The leaders were
361:
Dr David
Murdock, in his submission of the Citizen Suggestion Award Program to the City of Tacoma on August 22, 1991, suggested that "since the eviction was from the Old Town waterfront, it would be appropriate to set aside an area of reconciliation (small park with a Chinese motif) and a monument
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Chinese immigration to Rock
Springs began in 1870. The Chinese workers were employed by the Union Pacific Railroad and were considered to be cheap labor. By 1885, there were approximately 600 Chinese workers and 300 white workers. The white population were situated in downtown Rock Springs, whereas
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protected the
Chinese people by holding back the mob; however, the next day, the violence continued and left four rioters wounded and one dead. The court passed an order to stop a steamship from forcibly transporting 97 Chinese; however, despite the orders' efforts, the following day, 196 Chinese
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Chinese residents first came to
Seattle to be employed as cooks, domestic servants and laborers. The relationship between the Chinese and the white residents began to be affected during the economic slump of the 1880s. The Chinese were seen as competitors for jobs and blamed them for the lack of
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On February 21, 1885, Mayor Jacob Weisbach ordered a meeting of 900 citizens to discuss ways to expel the Chinese population of Tacoma. Many other groups such as business owners and laborers gathered in the city to express their desire to expel the Chinese community which included a reading of a
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endangers the good order of certain localities within the territory thereof" That act--the first in the nation to place a ban on an entire ethnic and national identity--contributed to a climate of anti-Chinese sentiment in Michigan and left lingering consequences in towns both large and small".
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slogan, "the Chinese must go," was used within Seattle amongst labourers and politicians. By 1885, there were 950 Chinese residents in Seattle, forming 10 per cent of the city's population. Some business leaders were openly against the violence and protected the Chinese workers with the aid of
503:
To commemorate and memorialize the Hells Canyon Massacre of 1887, Richard Nokes and the Chinese Massacre Memorial Committee organized to have a helicopter deliver a 4-by-5-foot granite monument for a ceremony on June 21 and June 22, 2012, to commemorate the death of the 34 Chinese miners. The
482:. The massacre involved the ambush, robbing and murder of 34 Chinese gold miners by seven white horse gang members. The bodies of the Chinese gold miners were brutally mutilated and dumped in the Snake River. Their bodies were found approximately a month later by other miners and reported to
152:
The law regulated forced immigration of Chinese laborer's, prohibiting Chinese prostitutes and people who are convicted or still serving their sentences for crimes in their native countries. The government of the United States implemented this act as they feared that Chinese immigrants were
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found not guilty by the jury. Among those arrested in February 1886 by martial law authority for leading the agitation were the Chief of Police William Murphy, W.H. Pinckney, a policeman, Junius Rochester and George V. Smith. None of those arrested were convicted.
288:
On September 7, 1885, 22 white miners were arrested for their crimes against the Chinese miners and 45 were fired by the Union Pacific. However, in October 1885, no indictments were found against them. A week later, following the initial riot, on September 9,
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took place on November 3, 1885 and saw the deliberate removal of the Chinese people from Tacoma, Washington. On November 1, 1885, the anti-Chinese organization led by Mayor Jacob Weisbach issued a deadline for all 700 Chinese men and women to leave
200:, implemented to marginalize African Americans, also impacted the rights of the Chinese people. This furthered violence towards the Chinese people, lead to the Anti-Chinese Hysteria of 1885–86. The most significant incident of this period was the
340:
attacked and removed Chinese workers from homes and workplaces. Three days later, two Chinese settlements, including approximately 35 Chinese businesses and homes, were burned. After these events, no Chinese people remained in the city.
110:
which resulted in at least four people being killed and extensive property damage. Anti-Chinese violence continued throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, particularly in the wake of the
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Prosecutor's Office took 39 hate crimes to court; this number grew to 59 in 2020. The office stated that the increase was because of the rise in attacks on Asians and Asian-Americans.
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troops escorted the Chinese people who fled back into the town to return to their houses and workplaces. In an attempt to reconcile with the Chinese community of Rock Springs,
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join them in striking, however they refused. In retaliation, the white workers formed an organization called "Whiteman's Town" in 1883 to expel the Chinese population from the
785:
Norton, Henry K. (1924). The Story of California From the Earliest Days to the Present. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. pp. 283–296. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09.
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stated that this incident was one of 14 anti-Asian hate crimes in 2020; the number of anti-Asian hate crimes recorded in Seattle had grown from nine in 2019 and six in 2018.
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created hostile attitudes towards the Chinese people residing in the U.S. The act sparked a wave of anti-Chinese riots and murders occurring in Washington, such as the
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169:), as well as floods and droughts, caused many Chinese peasants to leave China in the hopes of finding work internationally. The discovery of gold in the
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outperforming local workers such as European Americans. The act was regarded as the first to prevent all people of a race from immigrating to the U.S.
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in the United States became a popular area for Chinese immigration. This discovery led to many Chinese people joining the California Gold Rush.
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255:. The attack killed 28 Chinese men and wounded 15 others. The white miners tried to advocate for better working conditions under the
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saw the rising of anti-Chinese and anti-Asian hate crimes across the United States, including the Pacific Northwest. In 2019 the
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to restrict Chinese immigration to the United States. In 1902, Congress made the Chinese Exclusion Act a permanent policy. The
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acknowledging the incident, noting Tacoma's regret and desire to move ahead in unity and respect." On November 30, 1993, the
216:. Congress repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by in the 1940s due to the alliance of the U.S. and China during
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1360:(Gov. Squire's report includes a lengthy appendix of communications related to the "anti-Chinese disturbances" of 1885–86.)
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336:. Approximately 150 people left before the deadline. On the morning of November 3, the vigilante group led by 500 of the
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workers were situated in 1885 and within a half-mile of a former Chinese settlement called Little Canton.
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Mayor Weisbach initiated a poster to alert people to a meeting to remove the Chinese people from
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the Chinese people lived northeast of the town, which came to be known as "Chinatown".
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On September 2, 1885, 150 white miners coordinated an attack on the Chinese miners in
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Report of the Governor of Washington Territory to the Secretary of the Interior: 1886
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Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History
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Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History
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authorities. The estimated amount of gold stolen was between $ 4,000 to $ 50,000.
394:, the territorial governor, called for martial law for two weeks. By February 10,
220:; however, Chinese immigration was restricted to a quota of 105 Chinese per year.
86:, which occurred during the 19th, 20th and 21st century. In the 19th century, the
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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691:, "Wyoming History," Western Wyoming Community College. Retrieved 12 March 2007
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Chinese immigration to the United States had a significant increase during the
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acted to maintain order and called upon the governor for military assistance.
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in September 1885. The massacre initiated further violence in areas such as
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470:(also known as the Snake River Massacre) took place on May 25, 1887, in
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Chinese Exclusion Act.” Issues & Controversies in American History
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ordered federal troops to Seattle to remain for the following months.
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1282:"Massacred Chinese gold miners to receive memorial along Snake River"
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List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations
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to pay $ 147,000 to the residents for the loss of their property.
205:
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1267:(pp. 121-140). Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press.
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1016:
Englesberg, Paul. (2014). Tacoma Anti-Chinese Riot of 1885. In
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Closing the Gate: Race, Politics, and the Chinese Exclusion Act
1995:
Monosodium glutamate controversy (Chinese restaurant syndrome)
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In April 2020, three men targeted businesses within Seattle's
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U.S. immigration policy toward the People's Republic of China
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A Most Daring Outrage: Murders at Chinese Massacre Cove, 1887
658:
The Chinese Exclusion Act: What It Can Teach Us About America
1069:"When West Coast Cities Tried to Drive Out Their Chinatowns"
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The Seattle Riot of 1886 took place on February 7, 1886, in
1192:
Englesberg, Paul. (2014). Hells Canyon Massacre (1887). In
1253:. Portland: Oregon Historical Quarterly. pp. 341–346.
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left by ship, and another 110 left the following week.
940:"Rock Springs Massacre: Topics in Chronicling America"
775:. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 238.
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federal troops. Two of the members of this group were
2529:
One Hundred Years: History of the Chinese in America
864:"Chinese miners are massacred in Wyoming Territory"
723:
The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History
706:
The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History
1320:"Anti-Asian Hate Crimes On The Rise In Washington"
1232:"Files Found in Oregon Detail Massacre of Chinese"
734:Oakley, Deirdre A. (2020). Editor's Introduction.
232:An artist's rendition of the Rock Springs massacre
3334:Chinese Historical Society of Southern California
3443:
117:
1265:Massacred for Gold: The Chinese in Hells Canyon
1175:Seattle Anti-Chinese Riot and Expulsion of 1886
519:
223:
3467:Riots and civil disorder in Washington (state)
3462:Chinese-American culture in Washington (state)
1835:Union Colliery Co of British Columbia v Bryden
1766:Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)
1038:"ABOUT THE TACOMA CHINESE RECONCILIATION PARK"
2746:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
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1776:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
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602:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
102:in 1887. There were riots and mob actions in
3329:Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
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702:White and Indian hop pickers attack Chinese
3457:Anti-Chinese violence in the United States
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544:with nationalist and racist stickers. The
106:(then known as Squak or Squak Valley) and
1628:Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees
1358:. Washington: Government Printing Office.
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844:(pp. 6-7). New York: Infobase Publishing.
74:There were at least several incidents of
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
660:. New York: Palgrave Pivot. p. 12.
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725:, May 2, 1999. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
708:, 1 July 2000. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
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76:anti-Chinese violence in Washington
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3314:Chinese American Citizens Alliance
1962:Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
1813:Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886
1797:1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka
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1042:Tacoma Chinese Reconciliation Park
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146:Supreme Court of the United States
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3364:Organization of Chinese Americans
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448:A photograph of the landscape of
140:The Exclusion Act was enacted by
2789:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
2119:Artificial Intelligence Cold War
2079:2014 Vietnam anti-China protests
1990:1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma
1220:from the original on 2016-02-18.
1067:Rotondi, Jessica Pearce (2021).
542:Chinatown-International District
167:Opium Wars (1839–1842, 1856–1860
20:
1771:Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
1326:from the original on 2021-03-10
1292:from the original on 2019-02-16
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1123:from the original on 2016-10-19
1079:from the original on 2021-05-10
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1048:from the original on 2021-04-19
983:from the original on 2019-08-11
950:from the original on 2020-05-03
874:from the original on 2010-03-07
811:from the original on 2018-10-11
719:Anti-Chinese Activism - Seattle
577:Anti-Chinese violence in Oregon
531:COVID-19 pandemic in Washington
409:
266:
3354:Chinese for Affirmative Action
3281:Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum
2357:Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees
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3472:1880s in Washington Territory
3339:Chinese Society Halls on Maui
2782:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
2146:2024 Papua New Guinean unrest
2109:China–United States trade war
1974:Internment of Chinese-Indians
1887:Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
639:
563:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
156:
118:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
88:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
3260:Museum of Chinese in America
2151:Boycotts of Chinese products
2074:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
2006:1969 race riots of Singapore
1980:1964 race riots in Singapore
1667:2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639)
520:Violence in the 21st century
283:
224:Violence in the 19th century
7:
2141:2021 Solomon Islands unrest
2131:COVID-19 pandemic incidents
2028:May 1998 riots of Indonesia
907:"The Rock Springs Massacre"
617:Hells Canyon massacre, 1887
597:Rock Springs massacre, 1885
551:
498:
405:A photograph of John McGraw
356:
142:President Chester A. Arthur
10:
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3271:Chinese American Museum DC
2733:San Francisco riot of 1877
2136:2021 Atlanta spa shootings
2000:13 May incident (Malaysia)
1968:Chinese Confession Program
1858:Vancouver anti-Asian riots
1802:Chinese head tax in Canada
1749:San Francisco riot of 1877
634:2021 Atlanta spa shootings
592:San Francisco riot of 1877
459:
396:President Grover Cleveland
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295:President Grover Cleveland
253:Sweetwater County, Wyoming
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3426:List of Chinese Americans
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2054:2008 Kunming bus bombings
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1425:The Unparalleled Invasion
1402:
1318:Woodman, Charles (2021).
1173:Englesberg, Paul (2014).
755:Michigan History Magazine
546:Seattle Police Department
504:monument was engraved in
180:
165:in 1848. The debt of the
144:, on May 6, 1882, in the
3324:Chinese Community Centre
3194:American Chinese cuisine
3070:Providence, Rhode Island
2728:Chinese massacre of 1871
2667:Anti-Chinese legislation
2517:Chinese American history
2089:April 2014 ĂśrĂĽmqi attack
1898:Second Sino-Japanese War
1727:Chinese massacre of 1871
1623:Asiatic Exclusion League
1280:Cockle, Richard (2011).
1263:Nokes, Richard. (2009).
1177:. ABC-CLIO. p. 983.
1111:Dougherty, Paul (2013).
840:Bodenner, Chris (2006).
587:Chinese massacre of 1871
558:Chinese American history
259:and were ignored by the
3319:Chinese American church
3265:Chinese American Museum
3102:San Francisco Chinatown
2800:Killing of Vincent Chin
2687:Immigration Act of 1924
2450:Chinese American topics
2219:Ita Martadinata Haryono
2099:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
2049:Abacus Bank prosecution
1672:Sangley Massacre (1662)
1249:Nokes, Richard (2006).
801:"Chinese Exclusion Act"
682:Wyoming and the Chinese
80:United States territory
3202:American Chinese films
2980:Montville, Connecticut
2806:Killing of Akai Gurley
2094:May 2014 ĂśrĂĽmqi attack
2059:July 2009 ĂśrĂĽmqi riots
1852:White Australia policy
1395:Anti-Chinese sentiment
771:Gyory, Andrew (1998).
628:TorreĂłn massacre, 1911
452:
406:
313:
261:Union Pacific Railroad
233:
137:
3477:Asian-American issues
2775:Hells Canyon Massacre
2751:Rock Springs massacre
2677:Chinese Exclusion Act
2469:American-born Chinese
2408:Hong Kong nationalism
2044:2006 Nukuʻalofa riots
2023:1997 Banjarmasin riot
1818:Hells Canyon Massacre
1791:Rock Springs massacre
1781:Issaquah riot of 1885
1760:Chinese Exclusion Act
1688:1740 Batavia massacre
1490:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
1465:Andrew Jackson Bryant
1210:"The Chinese Murders"
1196:(Vol. 3, pp. 490-491)
656:Railton, Ben (2013).
468:Hells Canyon Massacre
462:Hells Canyon massacre
456:Hells Canyon Massacre
447:
404:
307:
243:Rock Springs massacre
237:Rock Springs massacre
231:
202:Rock Springs Massacre
134:Chinese Exclusion Act
131:
124:Chinese Exclusion Act
100:Hells Canyon massacre
96:Rock Springs massacre
3400:Global Commerce Bank
3374:Hip Sing Association
2762:Seattle riot of 1886
2064:2011 Kashgar attacks
1808:Seattle riot of 1886
1754:New Zealand head tax
1693:1782 Saigon massacre
1432:Japanese nationalism
736:City & Community
680:Gardner, A. Dudley.
612:Seattle riot of 1886
377:Seattle riot of 1886
371:Seattle riot of 1886
338:Committee of Fifteen
214:Washington territory
163:California Gold Rush
3344:Ying On Association
3244:Chinatown bus lines
3236:Confucius Institute
3160:Rockville, Maryland
3148:Spokane, Washington
2757:Tacoma riot of 1885
2499:Hyphenated American
2494:Hong Kong Americans
2403:Chinese imperialism
2084:2014 Kunming attack
1940:Home Office 213/926
1928:Sook Ching massacre
1916:Japanese war crimes
1892:Wanpaoshan Incident
1786:Tacoma riot of 1885
1743:Trout Creek Outrage
1020:(Vol. 3, pp. 1063).
944:Library of Congress
607:Tacoma riot of 1885
430:Sheriff John McGraw
383:Seattle, Washington
364:Tacoma City Council
329:Tacoma Riot of 1885
323:Tacoma riot of 1885
317:Tacoma Riot of 1885
92:Tacoma Riot of 1885
3167:Winnemucca, Nevada
2959:San Gabriel Valley
2878:West Argyle Street
2768:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
2633:Washington State (
2017:Cambodian genocide
1954:Mergosono massacre
1934:Changkiao massacre
1910:Nanshitou Massacre
1715:Lambing Flat riots
1618:Anti-Chinese Union
1548:Racism in Malaysia
1460:Adriaan Valckenier
1420:Chinese emigration
1236:The New York Times
700:Long, Priscilla. "
687:2007-10-09 at the
480:eastern Washington
453:
426:Mayor Henry Yesler
422:Judge Thomas Burke
407:
314:
234:
138:
3439:
3438:
3210:Chinaman's chance
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3112:Richmond District
3096:San Francisco Bay
2973:North Miami Beach
2947:Locke, California
2900:Dallas-Fort Worth
2815:
2814:
2644:
2643:
2622:Dallas-Fort Worth
2592:Mississippi Delta
2464:Chinese Americans
2416:
2415:
2350:Chinaman's chance
2333:
2332:
2300:Mi Gao Huang Chen
2270:Franklin Feng Tao
2159:
2158:
1921:Three Alls Policy
1732:Pigtail Ordinance
1661:Sangley Rebellion
1350:Squire, Watson C.
977:The Tacoma Method
667:978-1-137-33909-6
525:COVID-19 pandemic
474:, on the edge of
278:Wyoming territory
171:Sacramento Valley
112:COVID-19 pandemic
72:
71:
64:
3484:
3359:Committee of 100
3286:Wing Luke Museum
3154:Washington, D.C.
3065:Portland, Oregon
2830:
2829:
2826:
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2794:Bellingham riots
2707:China Initiative
2657:
2656:
2535:
2534:
2479:Fuzhou Americans
2443:
2436:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2387:Sick man of Asia
2377:Locust/Wongchung
2295:Leung Chi-cheung
2168:
2167:
2126:China Initiative
1904:Nanking Massacre
1870:TorreĂłn massacre
1824:Scott Act (1888)
1738:Page Act of 1875
1651:
1650:
1595:China Initiative
1388:
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653:
622:Bellingham riots
417:Knights of Labor
351:James Wickersham
347:Knights of Labor
257:Knights of Labor
194:Geary Act (1892)
190:Scott Act (1888)
150:Washington, D.C.
132:A page from the
67:
60:
56:
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16:
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3060:Portland, Maine
2811:
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2672:Anti-Coolie Act
2651:
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2576:Massachusetts (
2533:
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2489:Hoklo Americans
2484:Hakka Americans
2452:
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2011:Malari incident
1876:1918 Kudus riot
1840:
1721:Anti-Coolie Act
1697:
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1553:Ketuanan Melayu
1526:Racism in Japan
1494:
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29:This article
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2737:
2697:Magnuson Act
2650:Anti-Chinese
2243:21st century
2214:Vincent Chin
2207:20th century
2193:Wong Kim Ark
2171:19th century
2037:21st century
1950:(1945–1947)
1945:
1900:(1937-1945)
1845:20th century
1702:19th century
1681:18th century
1654:17th century
1638:Uyoku dantai
1633:Tsagaan Khas
1565:Nazi Germany
1415:Yellow Peril
1397:(Sinophobia)
1354:
1328:. Retrieved
1294:. Retrieved
1285:
1264:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1214:Oregon Scout
1213:
1193:
1174:
1125:. Retrieved
1116:
1081:. Retrieved
1072:
1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1041:
1017:
985:. Retrieved
976:
952:. Retrieved
943:
915:. Retrieved
910:
876:. Retrieved
867:
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813:. Retrieved
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450:Hells Canyon
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287:
274:
270:
249:Rock Springs
246:
218:World War II
184:
160:
139:
75:
73:
58:
49:
30:
3390:Cathay Bank
3206:Terminology
3004:New Orleans
2953:Los Angeles
2660:Legislation
2612:Puerto Rico
2548:Los Angeles
2544:California
2538:by location
2382:Shina/Zhina
2362:Ching chong
2325:Michelle Go
2315:Xiaoxing Xi
2305:Sherry Chen
2290:Jiayang Fan
2224:Qian Xuesen
2019:(1975–1979)
1970:(1956–1965)
1942:(1945–1946)
1912:(1942-1945)
1906:(1937–1938)
1854:(1901–1973)
1831:(1892–1943)
1804:(1885–1923)
1762:(1882–1943)
1756:(1881–1944)
1717:(1860–1861)
1647:By incident
1570:Philippines
1475:Hideki Tojo
1286:Oregon Live
973:"Expulsion"
535:King County
3452:1885 riots
3446:Categories
3048:Pittsburgh
2986:New Jersey
2906:Richardson
2821:Chinatowns
2604:New York (
2597:Missouri (
2583:Michigan (
2569:Illinois (
2320:Yao Pan Ma
2280:Haoyang Yu
2255:Danny Chen
2234:Wen Ho Lee
1499:By country
1403:Background
640:References
410:Background
387:Home Guard
267:Background
175:California
157:Background
84:U.S. state
44:footnoting
3227:Education
3223:Love boat
3215:Jook-sing
3090:San Diego
3080:St. Louis
3016:Manhattan
2942:Las Vegas
2886:Cleveland
2847:Baltimore
2692:Cable Act
2682:Geary Act
2599:St. Louis
2275:Gang Chen
2265:Eileen Gu
2250:Anming Hu
2188:Mary Tape
2164:By victim
1829:Geary Act
1575:Singapore
1516:Indonesia
1506:Hong Kong
630:in Mexico
514:Nez Perce
490:Aftermath
436:Aftermath
284:Aftermath
3122:San Jose
3021:Brooklyn
2923:Honolulu
2892:Asiatown
2560:Colorado
2345:Chinaman
1964:(1950s-)
1585:Thailand
1543:Malaysia
1352:(1886).
1330:16 April
1324:Archived
1296:21 April
1290:Archived
1218:Archived
1216:. 1888.
1121:Archived
1077:Archived
1046:Archived
981:Archived
948:Archived
872:Archived
870:. 2009.
809:Archived
807:. 2019.
685:Archived
552:See also
484:Lewiston
299:Congress
297:ordered
192:and the
186:Congress
136:document
104:Issaquah
98:and the
52:May 2021
40:citation
3253:Museums
3184:Culture
3136:Seattle
3107:Oakland
3043:Phoenix
2967:Florida
2929:Houston
2918:Detroit
2872:Chicago
2837:Atlanta
2635:Seattle
2627:Houston
2585:Detroit
2571:Chicago
2509:History
2396:Related
2198:Yick Wo
1947:Bersiap
1602:Vietnam
1560:Myanmar
1485:Pol Pot
1480:Suharto
1437:Minzoku
1238:. 1995.
1073:HISTORY
911:HISTORY
868:HISTORY
805:HISTORY
624:of 1907
510:Chinese
506:English
206:Seattle
108:Seattle
3410:Others
3219:Events
3141:Tacoma
3026:Queens
2997:Newark
2992:Edison
2913:Denver
2864:Quincy
2858:Boston
2842:Austin
2808:(2016)
2802:(1982)
2796:(1907)
2785:(1898)
2777:(1887)
2771:(1886)
2753:(1885)
2742:(1884)
2716:Events
2578:Boston
2565:Hawaii
2372:Chinky
2260:Ee Lee
2013:(1974)
2002:(1969)
1976:(1962)
1956:(1947)
1936:(1943)
1930:(1942)
1894:(1931)
1872:(1911)
1866:(1907)
1860:(1907)
1837:(1899)
1820:(1887)
1793:(1885)
1745:(1876)
1734:(1873)
1723:(1862)
1711:(1857)
1663:(1603)
1580:Taiwan
1410:Coolie
1127:28 May
1083:28 May
1052:21 May
987:18 May
954:26 May
917:26 May
913:. 2021
878:26 May
815:18 May
664:
570:&
499:Legacy
357:Legacy
334:Tacoma
310:Tacoma
210:Tacoma
181:Legacy
94:, the
3419:Lists
3383:Banks
2852:Boise
2617:Texas
2367:Chink
2338:Slurs
1533:Korea
1521:Japan
1511:India
3198:Film
3190:Food
1538:Laos
1332:2021
1298:2021
1129:2021
1085:2021
1054:2021
989:2021
956:2021
919:2021
880:2021
817:2021
662:ISBN
529:The
512:and
478:and
466:The
424:and
327:The
212:and
78:, a
42:and
721:,"
704:,"
251:in
173:of
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882:.
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757:.
670:.
312:.
65:)
59:(
54:)
50:(
46:.
36:.
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