341:
they entered the U.S. legally and had the right to remain in the country. The certificates of residence were to cost no more than $ 1($ 17.58 in today's money) and contained the name, age, local residence, occupation, and photograph of the applicant. The act placed the burden of proof of their right to be in the U.S. on the
Chinese themselves, denied bail to Chinese in habeas corpus proceedings, made it the duty of all Chinese laborers in the U.S. to apply within one year for a certificate of residence, with a duplicate kept in the office of the Collector of Internal Revenue, and suitable penalties were prescribed for any falsification of certificates. Another of the Act's provisions required two white witnesses to testify to a Chinese person's immigration status. If any Chinese laborer within the United States without this certificate of residence was "deemed and adjudged to be unlawfully in the United States", they could be arrested and forced to do hard labor, and be deported after a year. This was the first time ever illegal immigration to the U.S. was made punishable by such a harsh degree.
345:
similar "certificates of identity" later created by the then newly formed Bureau of
Immigration to document all Chinese who were actually exempt from the Exclusion and subsequent Geary Acts (for example merchants, teachers, travelers, and students) – were supposed to serve as "indubitable proof of legal entry", the documents did not function to protect legal immigrants and residents from government harassment. As Erika Lee describes, because the Act required all Chinese to possess the certificates, the entire Chinese community in the U.S. – including immigrants and residents who were supposed to be exempt from the exclusionary laws – was exposed to the same level of constraint and inquiry governing Chinese laborers. This unprecedented level of inquiry was motivated by the prejudiced view that it was, as Senator Geary said, "impossible to identify Chinaman ". No other immigrant group were required to hold documents proving their lawful residence until 1928, when 'immigrant identification cards' were first issued to any new immigrant arriving for permanent residence. These were replaced by
973:
27:
980:
417:
it would end all relations – diplomatic and economic – with the U.S. Additionally, since
Congress did not write any provisions granting money to pay for, and thus enforce, deportations, the Act as was rendered moot until it was amended through the McCreary amendment (named after the senator who proposed it) to appease the Chinese government, but did so only by providing an additional six months for Chinese to register for the residency certificates. Even with the amendment, Congress only appropriated several hundred thousand dollars to the law's enforcement.
328:
border because prior to the passage of the Page Act and
Chinese Exclusion Act, there existed no trained officials and interpreters, nor the bureaucratic machinery with which to enforce immigration restriction laws or an effort to document and track the movements and familial relationships of immigrants. These types of policies implemented in the Page and Chinese Exclusion Acts have largely been seen as due to what Erika Lee depicts as Government officials' deep "suspicion Chinese were attempting to enter the country under fraudulent pretenses".
625:. He says that it is the first time in the history of civilized nations that it has been found necessary to tag men like dogs. This sapient individual seems to have forgotten that nearly all civilized nations have had until lately a very rigid system of passports in which a very exact personal description of the bearer formed a part. This certificate feature of the new bill is the only gain over its predecessor, and we may thank Congressman Geary for forcing the concession.
1234:
373:, proclaimed that the Chinese in the U.S. ought not register, but rather contribute to a fund for hiring of lawyers to fight the law on the ground of unconstitutionality. The effort was overwhelmingly successful (only 3,169 of the estimated 110,000 Chinese in the country had registered by the April 1893 deadline), yet newspaper coverage of the protest reported Chinese as being slaves to doing whatever The Six Companies told them to do.
327:
of 1882. The Act excluded
Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining" from entering the country for ten years under penalty of imprisonment and deportation, as well as denying U.S. citizenship to Chinese immigrants. The Act effectively began immigration enforcement at the
416:
Upon hearing the decision, the
Chinese Consulate, the Six Companies, and many Chinese in the U.S. stated that they refused to pay their way back to China if deported, thus leaving the U.S. government financially responsible. The Chinese Government also informed the U.S. that if it acted on the law,
398:
with China, whether hard labor and deportation constituted cruel and unusual punishment and thus violated the Eighth
Amendment, whether the Act violated Fifth and Sixth Amendments protections by permitting imprisonment with hard labor without prior indictment or jury trial, whether the act violated
380:
in New York and
Brooklyn pleaded that its members to help their fellow countrymen, and enrolled some 150 English-speaking Chinese merchants and professionals in New York. Its leaders argued that by making Chinese immigrants pay the "illegal costs and expenses" of enforcing the law, the bill imposed
620:
The president yesterday signed the
Chinese exclusion bill. It was not what the people of California wanted. That was embodied in the Geary bill. This last measure, however, was by no means without its effect. It compelled the conservative senate to insert a provision compelling all Chinamen in the
340:
The Geary Act, besides renewing the exclusion of
Chinese laborers for another 10 years, also outlined provisions that required Chinese already in the U.S. to possess "certificates of residence" (as well as "certificates of identity" after the McCreary amendment was added) that served as proof that
336:
The original Exclusion Act of 1882 only excluded Chinese laborers for a period of 10 years. Following the Exclusion Act of 1882 and other amendments, such as the documentary requirement changing 1884 amendment, efforts were sought to crack down on illegal entry and residence of Chinese in the U.S.
318:
recruited labor to build its portion of the Transcontinental Railroad. Once gold became more scarce and labor more competitive, white hostility to the Chinese (as well as other foreign laborers) intensified in the West. This hostility eventually led to the passage of anti-Chinese immigration laws,
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These problems led to the passage of an amendment, known as the McCreary Amendment, which provided an additional six months for Chinese to register, as well as additional restrictions such as photographs on the registration certificates. The McCreary Amendment is notable for containing the first
420:
Despite the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on the constitutionality of the law, there were practical problems with implementation. Nationally, only 13,242 Chinese laborers registered, about 14 percent of those subject to the law. The cost of arresting and deporting as many as 85,000 unregistered
344:
Even though this Act seems to have granted no concessions to Chinese immigrants whatsoever, historians such as Elmer Clarence Sandmeyer have noted that many Californians were disappointed that the Act did not achieve total exclusion. Although the Act stated that these certificates – as well as
385:. The Chinese Equal Rights League was able to gain much support from whites on the East Coast, as on September 22, 1892, more than one thousand U.S. citizens joined some two hundred Chinese merchants and laborers at Cooper Union in Manhattan to protest the Geary Act.
365:
strongly supported the Act and its certification provision, stating in an editorial that "nearly all civilized nations have had until lately a very rigid system of passports in which a very exact personal description of the bearer formed a part."
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in 1896. The Supreme Court ruled that with respect to criminal penalties non-citizens have rights to courts and due process under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. However the government could still detain people pending deportation.
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403:, ruled that the if the U.S. as a sovereign nation had the power to exclude any person or any race it wished, it also must be able to deport any person or race it wished, and thus upheld the Geary Act.
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statutory requirement of photographic identification on immigration documentation, laying the foundation for photographic identification statutory requirements in immigration policy ever since.
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Within a few months of the implementing the Act, Chinese in the U.S. began organizing to resist the enforcement of the law. The heads of the Six Companies, the San Francisco branch of The
421:
Chinese was estimated at more than $ 7 million, but Congress had authorized only $ 60,000 and failed to provide a mechanism for deportation within the Geary Act. When Ny Look, a Chinese
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the Fourteenth Amendment's prohibition against the taking of property or liberty without due process, among other issues. The Court's 5 to 3 decision, delivered by Justice
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527:
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When the 1882 Act expired in 1892, Californian Democratic Senator Thomas Geary sponsored the Act's renewal and so the extension provision was named after him.
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1061:
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353:, after 1940. Such "gatekeeping" in Lee's characterization was rooted in "a western American desire to sustain white supremacy in a multiracial West".
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3219:
1051:
741:
Anna Pegler-Gordon, In Sight of America: Photography and the Development of U.S. Immigration Policy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009)
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Several Chinese that refused to register for their certificate of residence brought suit that, upon appeal, was brought before the Supreme Court in
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In re Ny Look, C.C. New York (1893), 56 Fed. 81; "Notes on Recent Decisions," Minnesota Law Journal vol. 1, no. 4 (August 1893), 86;
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that there were no deportation provisions in the law and Look could not be detained indefinitely therefore he should be released.
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The Geary Act was challenged in the courts but was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in an opinion by Justice
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1994:
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1959:
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828:
The Story of California From the Earliest Days to the Present. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co.. pp. 283–296
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The Story of California From the Earliest Days to the Present. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co.. pp. 283–296
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Lucy Salyer, Laws Harsh as Tigers: Chinese Immigrants and the Shaping of Modern Immigration Law, 46–48
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United States to take out certificates. This provision seems to have attracted the special wrath of
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in 1893. Among some of the questions brought before the Court was whether the Act violated the 1868
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8:
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in 1943, which slightly opened up Chinese immigration and permitted naturalization.
16:
US law of 1892 that extended the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 with new requirements
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3471:
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2737:
2679:
2592:
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2272:
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2011:
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1223:
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320:
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1329:
1201:
1036:
844:
705:
687:
Notes on Recent Decisions, Minnesota Law Journal vol. 1, no. 4 (August 1893), 86.
292:
226:
128:
4175:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1428:
753:"Chinese Exclusion, Photography, and the Development of U.S. Immigration Policy"
714:
655:
645:
Pfaelzer, Jean. Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans, pg. 293
4454:
4444:
4212:
3940:
3567:
3290:
3254:
3116:
2624:
2359:
2195:
2114:
2073:
1954:
1749:
1487:
1445:
727:
622:
406:
The Geary Act provisions for imprisonment and forced labor were invalidated by
850:
Pfaelzer, Jean. Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans, ch. 8
827:
4497:
4334:
3955:
1998:
1594:
1355:
1171:
1105:
776:
699:
266:
214:
552:
Geary Act (27 Stat. 25), sec. 7, and McCreary Amendment (28 Stat. 7), sec. 2
4459:
4222:
3645:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
3562:
2582:
2267:
1523:
1518:
1300:
484:
299:
2304:
833:
Sandmeyer, Elmer Clarence. The Anti-Chinese Movement in California, pg 104
561:
Sandmeyer, Elmer Clarence. The Anti-Chinese Movement in California, pg 104
298:
The Chinese Exclusion Acts remained in force until partly modified by the
3685:
3619:
3275:
2247:
2175:
2109:
1360:
768:
429:
of the U.S. Circuit Court in the Southern District of New York, ruled in
400:
274:
249:
784:
752:
37:
An Act to prohibit the coming of Chinese persons into the United States.
4449:
3357:
2871:
2119:
1026:
253:
222:
136:
96:
4435:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
4184:
4139:
3655:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
3650:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
3532:
3100:
2577:
2150:
855:
4045:
3777:
3767:
2230:
3640:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
376:
Resistance came from outside the West of the country as well. The
3317:
List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations
2852:
1832:
1370:
1365:
257:
425:
veteran was arrested in New York for failure to register, Judge
310:
Chinese immigrants came to the U.S. in large numbers during the
3843:
3711:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
2257:
1295:
469:
460:
3671:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1881:
Monosodium glutamate controversy (Chinese restaurant syndrome)
221:
of 1882 by adding onerous new requirements. It was written by
4514:
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
2408:
U.S. immigration policy toward the People's Republic of China
2252:
248:. Failure to carry the permit at all times was punishable by
237:
823:(David Martin and Peter Schuck, eds., Foundation Press 2005)
261:
230:
1279:
3676:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
1062:
List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison
4380:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
2415:
One Hundred Years: History of the Chinese in America
528:
Chinese immigration to the United States, 1851–1900
720:
698:
3220:Chinese Historical Society of Southern California
1052:First International Conference of American States
4495:
4124:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
256:. In addition, Chinese were not allowed to bear
4385:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
4063:List of people deported from the United States
1721:Union Colliery Co of British Columbia v Bryden
1652:Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)
3810:Trump administration family separation policy
3343:
2632:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
2320:
1662:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
1265:
871:
750:
3860:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
4534:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
4360:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
3215:Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
2334:
371:Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
4395:Federation for American Immigration Reform
3350:
3336:
2423:
2327:
2313:
1272:
1258:
878:
864:
240:residents of the United States to carry a
172:Reported by the joint conference committee
4170:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
4165:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
4155:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
4098:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
3855:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
3625:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
1514:Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees
4375:Center for Migration Studies of New York
3518:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
3387:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1067:1892 United States presidential election
948:1888 United States presidential election
4309:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
3865:Executive Office for Immigration Review
2588:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
610:. Vol. 38, no. 25. 6 May 1892
569:
567:
475:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
4496:
4325:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
3235:Chinese Staff and Workers' Association
593:Lee, Erika. At America's Gates, pg. 46
573:Lee, Erika. At America's Gates, pg. 42
3573:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
3331:
3195:List of Chinese American associations
3162:Chinese Historical Society of America
2308:
1767:Soviet deportations of Chinese people
1253:
885:
859:
436:
4294:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
3599:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
1007:Dependent and Disability Pension Act
564:
3980:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
3950:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
3835:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
3437:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
1871:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
1072:1892 Republican National Convention
953:1888 Republican National Convention
943:1880 Republican National Convention
938:Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site
819:: The Origins of Plenary Power, in
636:Pfaelzer, Jean. Driven Out, pg. 299
13:
4068:Mexico–United States border crisis
3850:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
3200:Chinese American Citizens Alliance
1848:Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
1699:Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886
1683:1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka
803:
127:in the House as H.R. 6185 by
14:
4545:
4289:"Streamline" (2005–present)
4011:Central American migrant caravans
3558:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
3250:Organization of Chinese Americans
997:Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison
466:The Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
4073:Mexico–United States border wall
3548:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
3359:Immigration to the United States
2675:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
2005:Artificial Intelligence Cold War
1965:2014 Vietnam anti-China protests
1876:1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma
1233:
1232:
978:
971:
351:Alien Registration Receipt Cards
260:in court, and could not receive
25:
3830:Department of Homeland Security
1657:Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
1204:(great-great-great grandfather)
1198:(great-great-great grandfather)
744:
735:
690:
681:
672:
648:
639:
630:
457:Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
383:taxation without representation
4370:Center for Immigration Studies
4299:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
4284:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
3934:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
3875:Office of Refugee Resettlement
3630:American Homecoming Act (1989)
3240:Chinese for Affirmative Action
3167:Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum
2243:Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees
933:70th Indiana Infantry Regiment
902:President of the United States
838:Alien Registration Act of 1940
596:
587:
583:Alien Registration Act of 1940
576:
555:
546:
533:
521:
512:
495:Fong Yue Ting v. United States
391:Fong Yue Ting v. United States
280:Fong Yue Ting v. United States
229:and was passed by Congress on
1:
4420:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
4264:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
4026:Eugenics in the United States
3225:Chinese Society Halls on Maui
2668:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
2032:2024 Papua New Guinean unrest
1995:China–United States trade war
1860:Internment of Chinese-Indians
1773:Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
505:
452:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
305:
45:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1892
4088:Illegal immigrant population
3870:Board of Immigration Appeals
3706:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
3701:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
3594:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
3508:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
3146:Museum of Chinese in America
2037:Boycotts of Chinese products
1960:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
1892:1969 race riots of Singapore
1866:1964 race riots in Singapore
1553:2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639)
751:Pegler-Gordon, Anna (2006).
656:"Wong Wing v. United States"
7:
4304:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
4279:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
4150:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
4140:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
4119:Canada–United States border
4114:Mexico–United States border
3681:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
3543:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
2027:2021 Solomon Islands unrest
2017:COVID-19 pandemic incidents
1914:May 1998 riots of Indonesia
1022:Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1012:51st United States Congress
709:, p. 4, May 28, 1893,
530:at Library of Congress site
445:
378:Chinese Equal Rights League
356:
55:52nd United States Congress
10:
4550:
4440:Negative Population Growth
4430:National Immigration Forum
4415:Migration Policy Institute
4190:US Citizenship Act of 2021
3746:Temporary protected status
3528:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
3157:Chinese American Museum DC
2619:San Francisco riot of 1877
2022:2021 Atlanta spa shootings
1886:13 May incident (Malaysia)
1854:Chinese Confession Program
1744:Vancouver anti-Asian riots
1688:Chinese head tax in Canada
1635:San Francisco riot of 1877
1154:William Henry Harrison III
500:Wong Wing v. United States
409:Wong Wing v. United States
331:
314:and in the 1860s when the
4468:
4343:
4317:
4251:
4198:
4132:
4106:
3989:
3883:
3818:
3773:Security Advisory Opinion
3723:
3663:
3586:
3490:
3424:
3400:
3379:
3366:
3312:List of Chinese Americans
3304:
3281:United International Bank
3268:
3185:
3138:
3069:
2718:
2714:
2705:
2609:1867 Chinese Labor Strike
2601:
2545:
2534:
2393:
2342:
2281:
2223:
2128:
2092:
2056:
2049:
1990:2015 Aksu colliery attack
1940:2008 Kunming bus bombings
1922:
1730:
1587:
1566:
1539:
1532:
1496:
1384:
1338:
1311:The Unparalleled Invasion
1288:
1211:
1192:(great-great-grandfather)
1148:Elizabeth Harrison Walker
1136:Russell Benjamin Harrison
1114:
1080:
987:
969:
920:
893:
731:, p. 4, May 26, 1893
120:
115:
107:
102:
83:
73:
68:
60:
49:
41:
33:
24:
4509:Chinese-American history
4504:Anti-Chinese legislation
4482:Missing in Brooks County
4410:Mexicans Without Borders
3910:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
3783:National Origins Formula
3467:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
3442:Civil Rights Act of 1866
3210:Chinese Community Centre
3080:American Chinese cuisine
2956:Providence, Rhode Island
2614:Chinese massacre of 1871
2553:Anti-Chinese legislation
2403:Chinese American history
1975:April 2014 Ürümqi attack
1784:Second Sino-Japanese War
1613:Chinese massacre of 1871
1509:Asiatic Exclusion League
1101:Fort Harrison State Park
316:Central Pacific Railroad
164:on April 25, 1892 (
3761:Central American Minors
3691:Secure Fence Act (2006)
3553:Nationality Act of 1940
3503:Naturalization Act 1906
3477:Immigration Act of 1891
3462:Immigration Act of 1882
3452:Naturalization Act 1870
3432:Naturalization Law 1802
3408:Naturalization Act 1790
3205:Chinese American church
3151:Chinese American Museum
2988:San Francisco Chinatown
2686:Killing of Vincent Chin
2573:Immigration Act of 1924
2336:Chinese American topics
2105:Ita Martadinata Haryono
1985:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
1935:Abacus Bank prosecution
1558:Sangley Massacre (1662)
1042:Immigration Act of 1891
821:Immigration Law Stories
722:"The Ny Look Test Case"
176:agreed to by the Senate
154:on April 4, 1892 (
143:Committee consideration
4476:Borderland (TV series)
4330:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
3803:Unaccompanied children
3578:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
3368:Relevant colonial era,
3088:American Chinese films
2866:Montville, Connecticut
2692:Killing of Akai Gurley
1980:May 2014 Ürümqi attack
1945:July 2009 Ürümqi riots
1738:White Australia policy
1281:Anti-Chinese sentiment
1166:William Henry Harrison
1096:Fort Benjamin Harrison
283:(1893), with Justices
217:law that extended the
139:) on February 18, 1892
4529:Immigration documents
4053:Immigration reduction
3964:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
3568:War Brides Act (1945)
3447:14th Amendment (1868)
2661:Hells Canyon Massacre
2637:Rock Springs massacre
2563:Chinese Exclusion Act
2355:American-born Chinese
2294:Hong Kong nationalism
1930:2006 Nukuʻalofa riots
1909:1997 Banjarmasin riot
1704:Hells Canyon Massacre
1677:Rock Springs massacre
1667:Issaquah riot of 1885
1646:Chinese Exclusion Act
1574:1740 Batavia massacre
1376:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
1351:Andrew Jackson Bryant
1196:Benjamin Harrison III
1130:Mary Dimmick Harrison
1017:Sherman Antitrust Act
325:Chinese Exclusion Act
236:The law required all
219:Chinese Exclusion Act
186:on May 4, 1892 (
178:on May 3, 1892 (
147:House Foreign Affairs
4524:1892 in American law
4355:Arizona Border Recon
4335:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
4199:Immigration stations
4133:Proposed legislation
4031:Guest worker program
4006:Brooks County, Texas
3918:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
3635:Immigration Act 1990
3538:Immigration Act 1924
3523:Immigration Act 1918
3513:Immigration Act 1907
3498:Immigration Act 1903
3286:Global Commerce Bank
3260:Hip Sing Association
2648:Seattle riot of 1886
1950:2011 Kashgar attacks
1694:Seattle riot of 1886
1640:New Zealand head tax
1579:1782 Saigon massacre
1318:Japanese nationalism
1190:Benjamin Harrison IV
1032:General Revision Act
958:Front porch campaign
910:Senator from Indiana
769:10.1353/aq.2006.0032
349:, officially called
312:California Gold Rush
291:, and Chief Justice
4274:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
4201:and points of entry
4093:Reverse immigration
3972:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
3885:Supreme Court cases
3741:Visa Waiver Program
3736:Permanent residence
3563:Magnuson Act (1943)
3392:Plantation Act 1740
3230:Ying On Association
3130:Chinatown bus lines
3122:Confucius Institute
3046:Rockville, Maryland
3034:Spokane, Washington
2643:Tacoma riot of 1885
2385:Hyphenated American
2380:Hong Kong Americans
2289:Chinese imperialism
1970:2014 Kunming attack
1826:Home Office 213/926
1814:Sook Ching massacre
1802:Japanese war crimes
1778:Wanpaoshan Incident
1672:Tacoma riot of 1885
1629:Trout Creek Outrage
1186:(great-grandfather)
1180:(great-grandfather)
1178:Benjamin Harrison V
1160:John Scott Harrison
1142:Mary Harrison McKee
963:Crown Hill Cemetery
928:Berkeley Plantation
427:Emile Henry Lacombe
285:David Josiah Brewer
116:Legislative history
21:
4058:Immigration reform
3894:US v. Wong Kim Ark
3840:U.S. Border Patrol
3756:Green Card Lottery
3724:Visas and policies
3686:Real ID Act (2005)
3620:Refugee Act (1980)
3372:international laws
3361:and related topics
3053:Winnemucca, Nevada
2845:San Gabriel Valley
2764:West Argyle Street
2654:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
2519:Washington State (
1903:Cambodian genocide
1840:Mergosono massacre
1820:Changkiao massacre
1796:Nanshitou Massacre
1601:Lambing Flat riots
1504:Anti-Chinese Union
1434:Racism in Malaysia
1346:Adriaan Valckenier
1306:Chinese emigration
1224:Grover Cleveland →
1217:← Grover Cleveland
1184:John Cleves Symmes
843:2022-01-06 at the
757:American Quarterly
700:"The Ny Look Case"
608:Los Angeles Herald
541:At America's Gates
437:McCreary Amendment
363:Los Angeles Herald
19:
4491:
4490:
4425:Minuteman Project
4400:Improve The Dream
4318:State legislation
4269:"Babylift" (1975)
4243:Washington Avenue
4238:Sullivan's Island
4160:STRIVE Act (2007)
4083:March for America
4036:Human trafficking
3926:Zadvydas v. Davis
3788:Expedited removal
3719:
3718:
3370:United States and
3325:
3324:
3096:Chinaman's chance
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
2998:Richmond District
2982:San Francisco Bay
2859:North Miami Beach
2833:Locke, California
2786:Dallas-Fort Worth
2701:
2700:
2530:
2529:
2508:Dallas-Fort Worth
2478:Mississippi Delta
2350:Chinese Americans
2302:
2301:
2236:Chinaman's chance
2219:
2218:
2186:Mi Gao Huang Chen
2156:Franklin Feng Tao
2045:
2044:
1807:Three Alls Policy
1618:Pigtail Ordinance
1547:Sangley Rebellion
1247:
1246:
1124:Caroline Harrison
1089:Benjamin Harrison
887:Benjamin Harrison
811:Gabriel J. Chin,
480:Burlingame Treaty
396:Burlingame Treaty
246:internal passport
207:
206:
198:Benjamin Harrison
162:Passed the Senate
111:December 17, 1943
86:Statutes at Large
4541:
4390:Community Change
4365:CASA of Maryland
4345:Non-governmental
4259:"Wetback" (1954)
4185:RAISE Act (2017)
4145:H.R. 4437 (2005)
3533:Cable Act (1922)
3482:Geary Act (1892)
3472:Scott Act (1888)
3377:
3376:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3245:Committee of 100
3172:Wing Luke Museum
3040:Washington, D.C.
2951:Portland, Oregon
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2680:Bellingham riots
2593:China Initiative
2543:
2542:
2421:
2420:
2365:Fuzhou Americans
2329:
2322:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2273:Sick man of Asia
2263:Locust/Wongchung
2181:Leung Chi-cheung
2054:
2053:
2012:China Initiative
1790:Nanking Massacre
1756:Torreón massacre
1710:Scott Act (1888)
1624:Page Act of 1875
1537:
1536:
1481:China Initiative
1274:
1267:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1236:
1235:
1057:Baltimore crisis
982:
975:
913:
905:
880:
873:
866:
857:
856:
797:
796:
748:
742:
739:
733:
732:
724:
717:
702:
694:
688:
685:
679:
676:
670:
669:
667:
666:
652:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
627:
623:Congressman Hitt
617:
615:
600:
594:
591:
585:
580:
574:
571:
562:
559:
553:
550:
544:
537:
531:
525:
519:
516:
490:Scott Act (1888)
321:Page Act of 1875
289:Stephen J. Field
232:
174:on May 2, 1892;
152:Passed the House
87:
29:
22:
18:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4519:Human migration
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4464:
4405:Mexica Movement
4348:
4346:
4339:
4313:
4247:
4200:
4194:
4180:SAFE Act (2015)
4128:
4102:
4041:Human smuggling
4016:Economic impact
3994:
3992:
3985:
3879:
3823:
3821:
3814:
3715:
3659:
3587:1950–1999
3582:
3491:1900–1949
3486:
3457:Page Act (1875)
3420:
3396:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3326:
3321:
3300:
3264:
3181:
3134:
3057:
3003:Sunset District
2946:Portland, Maine
2697:
2597:
2558:Anti-Coolie Act
2537:
2526:
2462:Massachusetts (
2419:
2389:
2375:Hoklo Americans
2370:Hakka Americans
2338:
2333:
2303:
2298:
2277:
2215:
2124:
2088:
2041:
1918:
1897:Malari incident
1762:1918 Kudus riot
1726:
1607:Anti-Coolie Act
1583:
1562:
1528:
1492:
1439:Ketuanan Melayu
1412:Racism in Japan
1380:
1334:
1330:De-Sinicization
1284:
1278:
1248:
1243:
1207:
1202:Robert Carter I
1110:
1076:
1037:McKinley Tariff
983:
977:
976:
967:
916:
908:
897:
889:
884:
854:
845:Wayback Machine
806:
804:Further reading
801:
800:
749:
745:
740:
736:
719:
706:Washington Post
697:
695:
691:
686:
682:
677:
673:
664:
662:
654:
653:
649:
644:
640:
635:
631:
613:
611:
602:
601:
597:
592:
588:
581:
577:
572:
565:
560:
556:
551:
547:
538:
534:
526:
522:
517:
513:
508:
448:
439:
359:
334:
308:
293:Melville Fuller
242:resident permit
227:Thomas J. Geary
225:Representative
203:
194:Signed into law
129:Thomas J. Geary
85:
50:Enacted by
17:
12:
11:
5:
4547:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4455:Save Our State
4452:
4447:
4445:No More Deaths
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4078:Labor shortage
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:Related issues
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3946:
3942:Barton v. Barr
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3613:Section 287(g)
3610:
3608:Section 212(f)
3596:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3291:East West Bank
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3255:Bing Kong Tong
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3177:Wo Hing Museum
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3126:Transportation
3124:
3119:
3117:Chinese school
3114:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3016:Seattle-Tacoma
3012:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2978:
2973:
2971:Salt Lake City
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2658:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2625:Tape v. Hurley
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2540:
2538:discrimination
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:Asian American
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2343:Related groups
2340:
2339:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Teoh Beng Hock
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2171:Jiansheng Chen
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2115:Velma Demerson
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2064:Chae Chan Ping
2060:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:Wolf Amendment
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1750:Beipu uprising
1747:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1589:
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1498:
1497:By institution
1494:
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1483:
1473:
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1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:Foreign policy
999:
993:
991:
985:
984:
970:
968:
966:
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960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
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918:
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891:
890:
883:
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875:
868:
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852:
847:
835:
830:
825:
813:Chae Chan Ping
807:
805:
802:
799:
798:
743:
734:
728:New York Times
689:
680:
671:
647:
638:
629:
595:
586:
575:
563:
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454:
447:
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438:
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358:
355:
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330:
307:
304:
205:
204:
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201:
200:on May 5, 1892
191:
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4469:Documentaries
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4347:organizations
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4213:Castle Garden
4211:
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4019:
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4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:2006 protests
3999:
3998:
3996:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:Wolf v. Vidal
3952:
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3822:organizations
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3187:Organizations
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:(Los Angeles)
3152:
3149:
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3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
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3025:
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3009:
3006:
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2999:
2996:
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2985:
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2979:
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2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:Salem, Oregon
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2939:Squirrel Hill
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
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2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Oklahoma City
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
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2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:New York City
2893:
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2873:
2869:
2867:
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2850:
2846:
2843:
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2840:
2836:
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2826:
2822:
2821:East Downtown
2819:
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2816:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
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2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
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2788:
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2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2492:New York City
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:Mississippi (
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2439:San Francisco
2437:
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2432:
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2307:
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2286:
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2259:
2256:
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2249:
2246:
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2237:
2234:
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2232:
2229:
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2226:
2222:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Fong Yue Ting
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:Trump tariffs
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:(1920s–1930s)
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
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1627:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:Buckland Riot
1593:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1548:
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1544:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:United States
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:Denis Kearney
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:By persecutor
1337:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:(grandmother)
1173:
1172:Anna Harrison
1170:
1168:(grandfather)
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:(second wife)
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1106:Harrison Hall
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:
986:
981:
974:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
919:
911:
907:
903:
900:
896:
895:
892:
888:
881:
876:
874:
869:
867:
862:
861:
858:
851:
848:
846:
842:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
822:
818:
817:Fong Yue Ting
814:
809:
808:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
738:
730:
729:
723:
716:
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2100:Vincent Chin
2093:20th century
2079:Wong Kim Ark
2057:19th century
1923:21st century
1836:(1945–1947)
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1786:(1937-1945)
1731:20th century
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1588:19th century
1567:18th century
1540:17th century
1524:Uyoku dantai
1519:Tsagaan Khas
1451:Nazi Germany
1301:Yellow Peril
1283:(Sinophobia)
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103:Codification
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3902:Ozawa v. US
3731:Visa policy
3696:DACA (2012)
3276:Cathay Bank
3092:Terminology
2890:New Orleans
2839:Los Angeles
2546:Legislation
2498:Puerto Rico
2434:Los Angeles
2430:California
2424:by location
2268:Shina/Zhina
2248:Ching chong
2211:Michelle Go
2201:Xiaoxing Xi
2191:Sherry Chen
2176:Jiayang Fan
2110:Qian Xuesen
1905:(1975–1979)
1856:(1956–1965)
1828:(1945–1946)
1798:(1942-1945)
1792:(1937–1938)
1740:(1901–1973)
1717:(1892–1943)
1690:(1885–1923)
1648:(1882–1943)
1642:(1881–1944)
1603:(1860–1861)
1533:By incident
1456:Philippines
1361:Hideki Tojo
912:(1881–1887)
904:(1889–1893)
614:14 November
401:Horace Gray
347:green cards
275:Horace Gray
250:deportation
231:May 5, 1892
64:May 5, 1892
4498:Categories
4450:NumbersUSA
4252:Operations
4233:San Ysidro
3993:and events
3820:Government
2934:Pittsburgh
2872:New Jersey
2792:Richardson
2707:Chinatowns
2490:New York (
2483:Missouri (
2469:Michigan (
2455:Illinois (
2206:Yao Pan Ma
2166:Haoyang Yu
2141:Danny Chen
2120:Wen Ho Lee
1385:By country
1289:Background
1156:(grandson)
1150:(daughter)
1144:(daughter)
1027:Lodge Bill
989:Presidency
665:2016-02-28
506:References
306:Background
254:hard labor
223:California
125:Introduced
74:Public law
34:Long title
4228:Otay Mesa
4107:Geography
3793:Detention
3113:Education
3109:Love boat
3101:Jook-sing
2976:San Diego
2966:St. Louis
2902:Manhattan
2828:Las Vegas
2772:Cleveland
2733:Baltimore
2578:Cable Act
2568:Geary Act
2485:St. Louis
2161:Gang Chen
2151:Eileen Gu
2136:Anming Hu
2074:Mary Tape
2050:By victim
1715:Geary Act
1461:Singapore
1402:Indonesia
1392:Hong Kong
1091:(Niehaus)
1047:Geary Act
793:144711101
777:0003-0678
715:139024306
423:Civil War
211:Geary Act
69:Citations
61:Effective
42:Nicknames
20:Geary Act
4046:Coyotaje
3778:E-Verify
3768:US-VISIT
3008:San Jose
2907:Brooklyn
2809:Honolulu
2778:Asiatown
2446:Colorado
2231:Chinaman
1850:(1950s-)
1471:Thailand
1429:Malaysia
1238:Category
1162:(father)
841:Archived
785:40068348
711:ProQuest
660:Oyez.org
543:, pg. 41
446:See also
357:Reaction
323:and the
91:27
4021:Effects
3139:Museums
3070:Culture
3022:Seattle
2993:Oakland
2929:Phoenix
2853:Florida
2815:Houston
2804:Detroit
2758:Chicago
2723:Atlanta
2521:Seattle
2513:Houston
2471:Detroit
2457:Chicago
2395:History
2282:Related
2084:Yick Wo
1833:Bersiap
1488:Vietnam
1446:Myanmar
1371:Pol Pot
1366:Suharto
1323:Minzoku
332:The Act
258:witness
238:Chinese
3974:(2021)
3966:(2021)
3959:(2020)
3944:(2020)
3936:(2011)
3929:(2001)
3920:(1975)
3912:(1923)
3904:(1922)
3896:(1898)
3844:BORTAC
3798:Family
3751:Asylum
3296:Others
3105:Events
3027:Tacoma
2912:Queens
2883:Newark
2878:Edison
2799:Denver
2750:Quincy
2744:Boston
2728:Austin
2694:(2016)
2688:(1982)
2682:(1907)
2671:(1898)
2663:(1887)
2657:(1886)
2639:(1885)
2628:(1884)
2602:Events
2464:Boston
2451:Hawaii
2258:Chinky
2146:Ee Lee
1899:(1974)
1888:(1969)
1862:(1962)
1842:(1947)
1822:(1943)
1816:(1942)
1780:(1931)
1758:(1911)
1752:(1907)
1746:(1907)
1723:(1899)
1706:(1887)
1679:(1885)
1631:(1876)
1620:(1873)
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1597:(1857)
1549:(1603)
1466:Taiwan
1296:Coolie
1116:Family
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470:Canada
461:Canada
213:was a
188:186-27
156:179-43
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3305:Lists
3269:Banks
2738:Boise
2503:Texas
2253:Chink
2224:Slurs
1419:Korea
1407:Japan
1397:India
1138:(son)
789:S2CID
781:JSTOR
184:House
180:30-15
166:43-14
93:Stat.
78:52-60
3603:1965
3416:1798
3412:1795
3084:Film
3076:Food
1424:Laos
921:Life
899:23rd
815:and
773:ISSN
616:2016
361:The
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