43:, it was used to denote this office in Roman and early Byzantine times, surviving as an administrative office until the 9th century. Thereafter, and until the 11th century, it became a senior
249:("eparchs and proconsuls") are still in evidence in Asia Minor until the early 9th century, functioning as civil governors, possibly under the authority of the (much reduced in power)
338:
was henceforth conferred upon several high-ranking administrative and military officials throughout the 10th and 11th centuries. In the 11th century, there is also evidence of a
175:) in the 530s: Justinian merged provinces together and reunited civil and military authority in them under the same person, to whom he gave the rank of
299:", raising him above the ordinary patricians. This change coincided with the abolition of the last vestiges of the old Roman system, as the provincial
549:]. Berliner byzantinische Arbeiten 35 (in French). Vol. I. Berlin and Amsterdam: Akademie-Verlag & Adolf M. Hakkert. pp. 68–88.
625:
573:
47:
253:
in
Constantinople. However, with the progressive unification of civil and military power in the hands of the thematic
601:
161:
620:
520:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
592:
630:
313:, and in their role as overseers of army provisioning and financial matters, by the much less prestigious
238:
194:
198:
40:
282:
286:
138:
375:. Their award by the Byzantine emperor signified the elevation of the recipient to the office.
219:
242:
in the 7th century, the title was used within the context of the thematic structure: thematic
149:
after it became the imperial capital in 330, and until 359, when the post was replaced by an
109:
326:'s reign (842–867), the term became a regular dignity intended for "bearded men" (i.e. non-
260:
113:
8:
518:
206:
90:
250:
118:
597:
587:
583:
569:
550:
536:
524:
202:
44:
563:
540:
146:
30:
22:
528:
614:
554:
363:
315:
190:
150:
224:
94:
372:
358:"). All these dignities disappeared, however, in the early 12th century.
323:
214:
165:
164:, only the proconsuls of Achaea and Asia remained, until the reforms of
514:
229:
98:
78:
305:
291:
255:
73:
35:
129:, on the other hand, mentions three, with the proconsuls of Africa (
565:
Byzantium in the
Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture
384:
185:
227:(533–534), the proconsular governor was not restored; instead a
327:
244:
596:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 111.
367:
of
Philotheos, written in 899, the insignia of office of the
68:
154:
441:
429:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
458:
456:
303:
as civil governors were abolished, and replaced by the
480:
417:
396:
468:
453:
289:, the husband of his daughter Maria, by naming him "
205:. According to the contemporary official and writer
93:, irrespective of whether they had previously been
492:
612:
67:was the traditional Greek translation for the
189:with a proconsular rank. Such provinces were
542:Recherches sur les institutions byzantines
568:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
285:records that Emperor Theophilos honoured
108:), there were only two: the governors of
535:
447:
423:
411:
53:
582:
486:
613:
561:
539:(1967). "Le Proconsul (ὁ ἀνθύπατος)".
474:
435:
213:are equated the augustal governors of
58:
547:Studies on the Byzantine Institutions
137:XX) being joined by the proconsul of
89:had been borne by all governors of a
513:
498:
462:
523:. London: Oxford University Press.
274:had become a simple court dignity.
223:. When Africa was recovered in the
13:
593:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
330:), constituting a class above the
14:
642:
348:"), and a single occurrence of a
626:Byzantine administrative offices
277:
162:fall of the Western Roman Empire
265:
236:After the establishment of the
170:
103:
322:Thus, from the latter part of
1:
390:
217:, and equal of rank with the
123:
7:
378:
97:, but after the reforms of
10:
647:
507:
259:, by the reign of Emperor
586:(1991). "Anthypatos". In
26:
562:Haldon, John F. (1997).
336:anthypatos kai patrikios
283:Theophanes the Confessor
145:XXI). To them was added
29:) is the translation in
344:(πρωτανθύπατος, "first
153:, similar and equal to
621:Byzantine court titles
371:were purple inscribed
354:(δισανθύπατος, "twice
220:comites consistoriales
268: 829–842–
173: 527–565–
106: 284–305–
54:History and functions
631:Gubernatorial titles
438:, pp. 202–203.
207:Peter the Patrician
133:. XVIII) and Asia (
91:senatorial province
59:Gubernatorial title
41:Greek-speaking East
588:Kazhdan, Alexander
584:Kazhdan, Alexander
537:Guilland, Rodolphe
251:praetorian prefect
183:, or the title of
119:Notitia Dignitatum
575:978-0-521-31917-1
465:, pp. 28–29.
450:, pp. 69–71.
361:According to the
334:. The full title
638:
607:
579:
558:
532:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
460:
451:
445:
439:
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427:
421:
415:
409:
269:
267:
203:Palaestina Prima
174:
172:
139:Achaea or Hellas
128:
125:
107:
105:
28:
646:
645:
641:
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611:
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604:
576:
510:
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469:
461:
454:
446:
442:
434:
430:
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418:
410:
397:
393:
381:
287:Alexios Mousele
280:
270:) the title of
264:
233:was appointed.
169:
126:
102:
81:, the title of
61:
56:
12:
11:
5:
644:
634:
633:
628:
623:
609:
608:
602:
580:
574:
559:
533:
509:
506:
504:
503:
491:
489:, p. 111.
479:
477:, p. 204.
467:
452:
440:
428:
416:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
380:
377:
341:prōtanthypatos
279:
276:
247:kai anthypatoi
160:Following the
147:Constantinople
60:
57:
55:
52:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
643:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
616:
605:
603:0-19-504652-8
599:
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585:
581:
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560:
556:
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548:
544:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
516:
512:
511:
501:, p. 22.
500:
495:
488:
483:
476:
471:
464:
459:
457:
449:
448:Guilland 1967
444:
437:
432:
426:, p. 69.
425:
424:Guilland 1967
420:
414:, p. 68.
413:
412:Guilland 1967
408:
406:
404:
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395:
386:
383:
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
365:
364:Klētorologion
359:
357:
353:
352:
351:disanthypatos
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
317:
316:prōtonotarioi
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
278:Court dignity
275:
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258:
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241:
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196:
192:
191:Armenia Prima
188:
187:
182:
178:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
151:urban prefect
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
121:
120:
115:
111:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
63:The title of
51:
49:
48:court dignity
46:
42:
38:
37:
33:of the Latin
32:
24:
20:
19:
591:
564:
546:
541:
519:
494:
487:Kazhdan 1991
482:
470:
443:
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225:Vandalic War
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142:
134:
130:
117:
86:
82:
77:. Under the
72:
64:
62:
34:
17:
16:
15:
515:Bury, J. B.
475:Haldon 1997
436:Haldon 1997
324:Michael III
166:Justinian I
615:Categories
529:1046639111
391:References
369:anthypatos
356:anthypatos
346:anthypatos
301:anthypatoi
297:anthypatos
272:anthypatos
261:Theophilos
230:consularis
211:anthypatoi
195:Cappadocia
177:anthypatos
127: 400
99:Diocletian
83:anthypatos
79:Principate
65:anthypatos
18:Anthypatos
555:878894516
499:Bury 1911
463:Bury 1911
332:patrikioi
306:stratēgos
292:patrikios
256:strategos
181:proconsul
87:proconsul
74:proconsul
71:title of
45:Byzantine
39:. In the
36:proconsul
27:ἀνθύπατος
517:(1911).
379:See also
245:eparchoi
199:Dalmatia
143:Pars Or.
135:Pars Or.
131:Pars Occ
590:(ed.).
508:Sources
385:Hypatos
373:tablets
328:eunuchs
309:of the
239:themata
186:praetor
95:consuls
600:
572:
553:
527:
209:, the
201:, and
116:. The
114:Africa
545:[
311:thema
215:Egypt
69:Latin
31:Greek
23:Greek
598:ISBN
570:ISBN
551:OCLC
525:OCLC
295:and
155:Rome
112:and
110:Asia
157:.
122:of
617::
455:^
398:^
319:.
266:r.
197:,
193:,
171:r.
124:c.
104:r.
50:.
25::
606:.
578:.
557:.
531:.
263:(
179:/
168:(
141:(
101:(
85:/
21:(
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