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the United States and the principal
European nations. The mission, which included two Chinese ministers, an English and a French secretary, six students from Peking, and a considerable retinue, arrived in the United States in March 1868. Burlingame used his personal relations with the Republican administration to negotiate a relatively quick and favorable treaty. In a series of speeches across the country, he displayed eloquent oratory to advocate equal treatment of China and a welcoming stance toward Chinese immigrants.
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After
Burlingame's death, the spirit and many of the specific provisions of the treaty bearing his name were reversed. Foreign powers continued to encroach upon China, and Congress passed strict laws against Chinese immigration. The success of the Communist Revolution of 1949 led to animosity between
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The success of this diplomacy was not lost on Qing dynasty court officials. On
November 16, 1867, when he was set to retire and return to his political career at home, the Chinese government appointed Burlingame envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to head a Chinese diplomatic mission to
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as the location (in order to circumvent the U.S. ban on dueling). Brooks, reportedly dismayed by both
Burlingame's unexpectedly enthusiastic acceptance and his reputation as a crack shot, neglected to show up, instead citing unspecified risks to his safety if he were to cross "hostile country" (the
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and developed relations with the reform elements of the court. As he put it, the "cooperative policy... substituted for the old doctrine of violence one of fair diplomatic action," and the representatives of the
Western powers agreed that they would not interfere in the internal affairs of China.
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referred to as "the most celebrated speech" of his career: a scathing denunciation of Brooks' assault on Sumner, branding him as "the vilest sort of coward" on the House floor. In response, Brooks challenged
Burlingame to a duel, stating he would gladly face him "in any Yankee
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of his choosing". Burlingame eagerly accepted; as the challenged party, he had his choice of weapons and location. A well-known marksman, he selected rifles as the weapons and the Navy Yard on the
Canadian side of the U.S. border in
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fraternity (Sigma chapter). On June 3, 1847, he married Jane
Cornelia Livermore. They had sons Edward Livermore Burlingame (born 1848) and Walter Angell Burlingame (born 1852), as well as a daughter Gertrude Burlingame (born 1856).
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Burlingame reported that he had used his diplomacy to get the
European powers to agree that they would "give to the treaties a fair and Christian construction; that they ... never would menace the territorial integrity of China."
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the two countries and
Burlingame's reputation was as a naive and euphoric advocate of China. After warming of relations in the 1980s, Burlingame's reputation began to rise again, however.
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Schrecker, John. "'For the Equality of Men -- for the Equality of Nations': Anson Burlingame and China's First Embassy to the United States, 1868,"
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John Schrecker, "'For the Equality of Men -- for the Equality of Nations': Anson Burlingame and China's First Embassy to the United States, 1868."
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Anson Burlingame's portrait, painted by Albion Harris Bicknell, hangs in historic Faneuil Hall, Boston. In 2018, upon the 150th anniversary of the
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northern U.S. states) in order to reach Canada. Burlingame's solid defense of a fellow Bostonian greatly raised his stature throughout the North.
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when he passed through Japan during his return to the U.S. It is on display at the Gardens of Lake Merritt, Oakland, California.
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Subsequently, Burlingame also negotiated treaties with Denmark, Sweden, Holland, and Prussia. He died suddenly at
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567:. The treaty provided that Chinese subjects in the United States should enjoy the same rights as citizens of the
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Anderson, David L. "Anson Burlingame: American Architect of the Cooperative Policy in China, 1861–1871."
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On July 28, 1868, the mission concluded at Washington, D.C., a series of articles, supplementary to the
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and his drive for independence from the Austrian Empire, was not acceptable and did not serve.
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Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
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on the San Francisco Bay retained his name and was eventually developed after his death.
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on February 23, 1870, while negotiating terms for a treaty with Russia. He was buried in
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366:(1862–1867) and then as China's envoy to the U.S., which resulted in the 1868 landmark
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Know-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
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Biggerstaff, Knight. "The Official Chinese Attitude Toward the Burlingame Mission"
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Bust of Anson Burlingame, by Zhou Limin, at the Burlingame Public Library 2018
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Schrecker, "'For the Equality of Men -- for the Equality of Nations'", 33–34.
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Schrecker, "'For the Equality of Men -- for the Equality of Nations'", 29–30.
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455:(R-Massachusetts) delivered a fiery anti-slavery speech. He was subsequently
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On March 22, 1861, after Burlingame lost his bid for re-election, President
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John Rydjord, Kansas Place Names (University of Oklahoma Press, 1981), 357.
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Schrecker, "'For the Equality of Men -- for the Equality of Nations'", 11.
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Schrecker, "'For the Equality of Men -- for the Equality of Nations'": 10.
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On June 14, 1861, Lincoln instead appointed Burlingame as minister to the
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386:. In 1823 his parents (Joel Burlingame and Freelove Angell) took him to
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1005:
Anson Burlingame and the First Chinese Mission to Foreign Powers
394:. Between 1838 and 1841 he studied at the Detroit branch of the
354:(November 14, 1820 – February 23, 1870) was an American lawyer,
1725:
Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
1504:
1500:
503:
416:
971:
Anderson, David L. "Anson Burlingame: Reformer and Diplomat."
1559:
1236:
703:
Walsh, Warren B. "The Beginnings of the Burlingame Mission",
550:
134:
387:
1046:
727:"Gardensatlakemerritt.org – Welcome to the Bonsai Garden"
608:, was an author of fiction, nonfiction, and biographies.
435:
from 1855 to 1861, being elected for the first term as a
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1962:
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467:), who was hailed as a hero by the pro-slavery South.
1083:
Burlingame Public Library – History: Anson Burlingame
1054:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
527:, but Burlingame, who had championed the Hungarian
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
510:
443:, which he helped to organize in Massachusetts.
362:. As diplomat, he served as the U.S. minister to
4832:
446:
872:"The Unveiling Of The Bust Of Anson Burlingame"
778:
949:Burlingame Family Papers, Library of Congress.
470:Shortly afterwards, Burlingame delivered what
4886:Republican Party Massachusetts state senators
1709:
1209:
845:. Burlingame, California. November 16, 2018.
1109:U.S. House of Representatives
639:, are all named after Anson Burlingame. The
159:August 20, 1862 – November 21, 1867
4876:Ambassadors of the United States to Austria
1037:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1020:
839:"Anson Burlingame Bust Unveiled in Library"
806:"Anson Burlingame at Mount Auburn Cemetery"
1716:
1702:
1216:
1202:
1115:Massachusetts's 5th congressional district
833:
831:
782:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
551:China's envoy to U.S. and European nations
427:constitutional convention in 1853, of the
358:/American Party legislator, diplomat, and
133:
4881:Ambassadors of the United States to China
866:
864:
205:U.S. House of Representatives
147:United States Minister to the Qing Empire
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
994:Journal of American-East Asian Relations
912:"Anson Burlingame, An American Diplomat"
680:Journal of American-East Asian Relations
615:
494:
457:brutally assaulted in the Senate chamber
828:
4921:19th-century Massachusetts politicians
4833:
861:
816:from the original on February 10, 2019
439:and afterwards as a member of the new
433:United States House of Representatives
228:March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861
1697:
1197:
882:from the original on October 27, 2019
878:. Silicon Valley Innovation Channel.
794:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
1148:U.S. Minister to the Austrian Empire
390:, and about ten years afterwards to
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1078:Anson Burlingame and the Daimyo Oak
1062:
922:from the original on April 11, 2018
909:
903:
490:
13:
1232:United States Ambassadors to China
1069:Works by or about Anson Burlingame
955:
14:
4932:
4911:19th-century American legislators
1014:
4906:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
4851:People from New Berlin, New York
1952:
1946:
1256:
1235:
1225:
1049:"Anson Burlingame (id: B001112)"
849:from the original on May 9, 2019
641:ranch which Burlingame purchased
423:in 1848. He was a member of the
337:
23:
4871:19th-century American diplomats
943:
934:
910:Jue, Stanton (September 2011).
894:
798:
707:, Vol. 4.3 (May 1945): 274–277.
604:. His grandson (Edward's son),
511:Minister to China (Qing Empire)
410:
34:needs additional citations for
1120:March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861
1007:(New York: Scribner's, 1912).
985:41#4 (1936), pp. 682–702
791:New International Encyclopedia
772:
763:
754:
745:
719:
710:
697:
685:
672:
431:from 1853 to 1854, and of the
1:
4901:University of Michigan alumni
1107:Member of the
1092:U.S. House of Representatives
843:Burlingame Historical Society
661:
447:Burlingame vs. Preston Brooks
398:, and in 1846 graduated from
373:
1685:American Institute in Taiwan
666:
415:Burlingame practiced law in
7:
1003:Williams, Frederick Wells.
983:American Historical Review,
751:Williams, Anson Burlingame.
10:
4937:
4856:Massachusetts Free Soilers
1944:
1568:Chiefs of the U.S. Liaison
1560:People's Republic of China
1254:
694:, February 24, 1870, p. 5.
499:Burlingame was given this
429:Massachusetts State Senate
402:. He was a brother of the
4896:Harvard Law School alumni
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1097:
1090:
1031:"Burlingame, Anson"
810:www.remembermyjourney.com
785:"Burlingame, Anson"
705:The Far Eastern Quarterly
611:
589:
563:, and later known as the
384:Chenango County, New York
345:
333:
317:
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1604:Ambassador Extraordinary
1514:Ambassador Extraordinary
1465:Ambassador Extraordinary
1424:Minister Plenipotentiary
1326:Minister Plenipotentiary
1047:United States Congress.
1040:. New York: D. Appleton.
584:Cambridge, Massachusetts
519:appointed Burlingame as
1422:Envoy Extraordinary and
1324:Envoy Extraordinary and
598:was founding editor of
378:Burlingame was born in
4891:Burlingame, California
1176:U.S. Minister to China
975:25.4 (1979): 293–308.
656:Burlingame, California
629:Burlingame, California
621:
507:
396:University of Michigan
324:University of Michigan
965:1.3 (1977): 239–256.
619:
580:Mount Auburn Cemetery
498:
451:In May 1856, Senator
596:Edward L. Burlingame
277:New Berlin, New York
43:improve this article
1606:and Plenipotentiary
1516:and Plenipotentiary
1467:and Plenipotentiary
997:17.1 (2010): 9-34.
601:Scribner's Magazine
569:most favored nation
561:Reed Treaty of 1858
404:Delta Kappa Epsilon
16:American politician
4916:American duellists
963:Diplomatic history
916:American Diplomacy
692:The New York Times
682:, 17.1 (2010): 10.
633:Burlingame, Kansas
622:
508:
473:The New York Times
459:by Representative
400:Harvard Law School
328:Harvard University
58:"Anson Burlingame"
4828:
4827:
3818:H. A. S. Dearborn
3393:J. M. S. Williams
1691:
1690:
1501:Republic of China
1405:Republic of China
1298:chargé d’affaires
1249:Great Qing Empire
1192:
1191:
1183:Succeeded by
1159:J. Lothrop Motley
1156:Succeeded by
1133:Diplomatic posts
1123:Succeeded by
973:Civil War History
652:Burlingame Treaty
565:Burlingame Treaty
544:Second Opium Wars
368:Burlingame Treaty
349:
348:
287:February 23, 1870
274:November 14, 1820
119:
118:
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93:
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4366:
4211:
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3756:
3501:
3271:
3051:
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2641:
2421:
2166:
2043:B. Crowninshield
2008:J. Crowninshield
1966:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1736:
1718:
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1301:
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1260:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1166:Preceded by
1150:(did not serve)
1138:Preceded by
1126:William Appleton
1117:
1101:William Appleton
1098:Preceded by
1088:
1087:
1073:Internet Archive
1058:
1041:
1033:
950:
947:
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802:
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752:
749:
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738:
733:on July 15, 2012
729:. Archived from
723:
717:
714:
708:
701:
695:
689:
683:
676:
637:Anson, Wisconsin
606:Roger Burlingame
576:Saint Petersburg
491:Diplomatic posts
441:Republican Party
352:Anson Burlingame
341:
294:Saint Petersburg
290:
273:
271:
259:Personal details
250:William Appleton
247:
239:William Appleton
235:
226:
207:
196:John Ross Browne
192:
184:John Elliot Ward
180:
157:
137:
127:Anson Burlingame
123:
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114:
107:
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100:
94:
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51:
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19:
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4709:
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4357:
4202:
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3042:
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2632:
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2157:
1957:
1953:
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1143:
1141:J. Glancy Jones
1128:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1065:
1028:, eds. (1900).
1017:
958:
956:Further reading
953:
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614:
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553:
525:Austrian Empire
517:Abraham Lincoln
513:
493:
449:
421:Free Soil Party
413:
376:
326:
304:Political party
292:
288:
275:
269:
267:
245:
233:
227:
222:
208:
203:
190:
178:
170:
168:Abraham Lincoln
158:
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52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3015:
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2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2698:L. Lincoln Jr.
2695:
2690:
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2675:
2670:
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2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2634:
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2505:
2500:
2495:
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2455:
2453:L. Lincoln Sr.
2450:
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2411:
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2250:
2245:
2240:
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2195:
2190:
2185:
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2175:
2169:
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2159:
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2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
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2075:
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2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
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2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
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1975:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
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1885:
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1307:
1302:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1269:
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1263:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1064:
1063:External links
1061:
1060:
1059:
1043:
1042:
1016:
1015:External links
1013:
1012:
1011:
1001:
989:
979:
969:
957:
954:
952:
951:
942:
933:
902:
893:
876:dingdingtv.com
860:
827:
797:
771:
762:
753:
744:
718:
709:
696:
684:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
613:
610:
591:
588:
552:
549:
512:
509:
492:
489:
465:South Carolina
461:Preston Brooks
453:Charles Sumner
448:
445:
412:
409:
375:
372:
347:
346:
343:
342:
335:
331:
330:
321:
315:
314:
305:
301:
300:
298:Russian Empire
291:(aged 49)
285:
281:
280:
265:
261:
260:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
219:
218:
202:Member of the
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
181:
175:
174:
172:Andrew Johnson
165:
161:
160:
150:
149:
143:
142:
139:
138:
130:
129:
126:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4933:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:20th district
4777:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:19th district
4742:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:18th district
4712:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:17th district
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:16th district
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:15th district
4525:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:14th district
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:13th district
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:12th district
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:J. Richardson
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:11th district
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
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1022:Wilson, J. G.
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780:Gilman, D. C.
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537:
532:
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529:Lajos Kossuth
526:
522:
518:
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502:
497:
488:
485:
484:Niagara Falls
480:
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468:
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462:
458:
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444:
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430:
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425:Massachusetts
422:
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211:Massachusetts
206:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4513:Wigglesworth
4438:Wigglesworth
3499:9th district
3269:8th district
3049:7th district
2854:6th district
2717:
2639:5th district
2419:4th district
2348:J. A. Thayer
2333:J. R. Thayer
2164:3rd district
1964:2nd district
1734:1st district
1558:
1499:
1403:
1342:
1297:
1290:
1266:Commissioner
1247:
1174:
1169:John E. Ward
1146:
1106:
1052:
1035:
1004:
992:
982:
972:
962:
945:
936:
924:. Retrieved
915:
905:
896:
884:. Retrieved
875:
851:. Retrieved
842:
818:. Retrieved
809:
800:
789:
774:
765:
756:
747:
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
721:
712:
704:
699:
691:
687:
679:
674:
649:
627:
623:
599:
593:
573:
558:
554:
533:
514:
471:
469:
450:
437:Know Nothing
414:
411:Early career
377:
360:abolitionist
351:
350:
289:(1870-02-23)
246:Succeeded by
223:
191:Succeeded by
154:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4846:1870 deaths
4841:1820 births
4603:S. Thatcher
4508:Frothingham
4463:G. Thatcher
4398:J. Reed Jr.
4303:F. Rockwell
4233:S. Thatcher
4218:H. Dearborn
4083:J. Reed Jr.
3833:H. Williams
3703:T. H. Eliot
3643:G. Williams
3603:W. Washburn
3563:H. Williams
3538:J. Reed Jr.
3528:J. Reed Jr.
3418:C. H. Allen
3323:J. Reed Jr.
3303:L. Williams
3283:G. Thatcher
3138:J. Rockwell
3003:A.P. Andrew
2873:J. Reed Sr.
2863:G. Thatcher
2723:W. Appleton
2713:W. Appleton
2663:L. Williams
2628:Auchincloss
2623:Kennedy III
2438:G. Thatcher
2343:C. Washburn
2058:Saltonstall
1913:G. Lawrence
1883:T. D. Eliot
1873:T. D. Eliot
1863:W. Appleton
1848:N. Appleton
1838:A. Lawrence
1828:A. Lawrence
1818:N. Appleton
1186:Ross Browne
926:October 31,
820:February 9,
536:Qing Empire
234:Preceded by
179:Preceded by
4835:Categories
4800:E. Lincoln
4278:L. Bigelow
4118:Whiting II
4063:J. Russell
4048:A. Bigelow
3958:Fitzgerald
3823:W. Baylies
3693:R. Russell
3653:Fitzgerald
3478:Kennedy II
3423:Greenhalge
3233:L. Connery
3228:W. Connery
3203:W. Everett
3188:W. Russell
3028:Torkildsen
3018:Harrington
2833:N. Tsongas
2813:P. Tsongas
2718:Burlingame
2488:E. Everett
2403:N. Tsongas
2083:Buffington
1888:Buffington
1683:See also:
1570:Office in
1543:McConaughy
1343:Burlingame
1180:1861–1867
662:References
501:Daimyo Oak
380:New Berlin
374:Early life
356:Republican
319:Alma mater
312:Republican
270:1820-11-14
69:newspapers
4755:J. Parker
4735:J. Parker
4538:Wadsworth
4478:J. Holmes
4373:Wadsworth
4343:McCormack
4223:I. Parker
3938:O'Connell
3913:McEttrick
3908:J. Walker
3858:Dickinson
3808:F Baylies
3723:McCormack
3713:Nicholson
3683:Underhill
3598:A. Walker
3588:E. Thayer
3543:H. Dwight
3468:Macdonald
3453:Dallinger
3448:H. Thayer
3443:Dallinger
3413:W Russell
3368:Wentworth
3243:Macdonald
3118:H. Dwight
3023:Mavroules
2798:E. Rogers
2793:J. Rogers
2668:T. Dwight
2648:Partridge
2603:P. Holmes
2548:J. Abbott
2498:Parmenter
2443:Wadsworth
2323:J. Andrew
2288:Whiting I
2248:A. Abbott
2218:Pickering
2208:Livermore
2128:Granfield
2113:Churchill
2028:Pickering
1528:Drumright
1451:MacMurray
1026:Fiske, J.
737:August 1,
667:Citations
645:San Mateo
334:Signature
224:In office
164:President
155:In office
4811:At-large
4673:Chandler
4618:S. Davis
4558:Bradbury
4483:Lovering
4423:Mitchell
4408:Simpkins
4338:Gallivan
4318:Lovering
4313:E. Morse
4298:Robinson
4293:J. Adams
4198:Donnelly
4173:Flaherty
4163:Douglass
4148:Sullivan
4128:Coolidge
4113:Robinson
4093:Goodrich
4078:J. Adams
4058:B. Adams
4033:Bartlett
4028:Bradbury
4003:Delahunt
3968:Douglass
3893:Norcross
3848:Grinnell
3788:J. Allen
3778:Hastings
3623:T. Lyman
3558:Hastings
3438:Deitrick
3358:J. Adams
3258:Pressley
3198:Cogswell
3158:Boutwell
3143:Goodrich
3128:Grennell
3123:S. Allen
3083:Mitchell
3063:Ward Sr.
3013:W. Bates
3008:G. Bates
2983:Cogswell
2973:Lovering
2958:Thompson
2933:T. Davis
2923:G. Davis
2903:Grennell
2888:S. Allen
2878:J. Smith
2803:B. Morse
2773:Sh. Hoar
2758:L. Morse
2708:C. Allen
2693:J. Davis
2583:Mitchell
2573:Weymouth
2553:L. Morse
2513:Thompson
2503:Thompson
2493:Sa. Hoar
2458:Hastings
2433:Dearborn
2428:Sedgwick
2398:McGovern
2318:L. Morse
2283:Twichell
2268:C. Adams
2188:S. Lyman
2153:McGovern
2103:E. Morse
2053:Phillips
1998:W. Lyman
1993:Ward Sr.
1988:Sedgwick
1983:W. Lyman
1923:Heselton
1918:Treadway
1898:R. Davis
1858:S. Eliot
1853:Winthrop
1843:Winthrop
1833:Fletcher
1793:Ward Jr.
1778:J. Bacon
1773:Sedgwick
1763:Sedgwick
1668:Branstad
1653:Huntsman
1613:Woodcock
1595:Woodcock
1446:Schurman
1388:Rockhill
1305:Marshall
920:Archived
880:Archived
847:Archived
814:Archived
594:His son
521:Minister
392:Michigan
308:American
217:district
99:May 2024
4790:Hubbard
4770:Cushman
4730:T. Rice
4705:Kinsley
4693:J. Carr
4683:F. Carr
4678:Gannett
4648:Gifford
4638:Thacher
4613:Tallman
4583:Gifford
4563:Whitman
4553:Widgery
4548:Whitman
4498:Gilmore
4488:E. Foss
4473:C. King
4403:Randall
4383:Ruggles
4283:Baylies
4273:Kendall
4263:Hulbert
4248:Bidwell
4238:Skinner
4188:O'Neill
4183:Kennedy
4168:Higgins
4158:Tinkham
4138:Sprague
4123:Wallace
4098:Trafton
4088:Burnell
4053:Brigham
4043:Stedman
4008:Keating
3993:Heckler
3973:Tinkham
3923:Barrows
3898:W. Rice
3883:Stevens
3878:Crocker
3863:Chaffee
3853:Scudder
3843:Burnell
3798:Wheaton
3793:Brigham
3763:Goodhue
3743:Keating
3733:Moakley
3708:Gifford
3673:Roberts
3663:Keliher
3638:Candler
3633:Burnett
3618:W. Rice
3613:G. Hoar
3608:Crocker
3583:De Witt
3553:Jackson
3523:Wheaton
3518:J. Dean
3483:Capuano
3473:O'Neill
3463:Goodwin
3428:Stevens
3408:Candler
3403:Claflin
3388:G. Hoar
3383:Baldwin
3353:Calhoun
3343:Lathrop
3333:Sampson
3328:Baylies
3313:Gardner
3288:F. Ames
3253:Capuano
3223:Maloney
3213:Roberts
3208:Barrett
3173:E. Hoar
3108:Hulbert
3103:Baylies
3093:Baylies
3073:Bullock
3068:Leonard
3058:Leonard
3038:Moulton
3033:Tierney
2993:Gardner
2898:Kendall
2883:Taggart
2868:Leonard
2818:Shannon
2788:B. Ames
2778:Stevens
2683:Lathrop
2658:Freeman
2608:Donohue
2593:Winslow
2578:Tirrell
2558:Collins
2533:A. Rice
2508:Palfrey
2478:Stearns
2383:Donohue
2373:Philbin
2363:F. Foss
2338:R. Hoar
2303:B. Dean
2278:A. Rice
2263:Damrell
2258:Edmands
2243:Cushing
2193:Mattoon
2138:Furcolo
2108:Gillett
2088:O. Ames
2078:Crocker
2068:Rantoul
2063:D. King
2038:Barstow
2033:Silsbee
2023:W. Reed
2018:Pickman
2003:Shepard
1973:Goodhue
1903:Randall
1868:Scudder
1808:Webster
1768:Skinner
1753:Goodhue
1743:F. Ames
1643:Prueher
1572:Beijing
1474:Johnson
1456:Johnson
1436:Reinsch
1431:Calhoun
1413:Nanjing
1409:Beijing
1393:Calhoun
1281:Everett
1276:(Envoy)
1273:Cushing
1071:at the
523:to the
479:mudsill
83:scholar
4795:Parris
4760:Conner
4725:Wilson
4698:Wilson
4578:Martin
4568:Greene
4543:Ilsley
4518:Martin
4493:Harris
4428:Carter
4413:Greene
4393:Eustis
4378:Seaver
4353:Studds
4333:Curley
4323:Powers
4308:Crosby
4288:Hodges
4268:Strong
4243:Larned
4178:Curley
4153:Peters
4143:Powers
4133:Draper
4108:Chapin
4068:Hobart
4038:Cutler
3998:Studds
3988:Martin
3983:Curtis
3978:Herter
3948:Murray
3943:Curley
3933:McNary
3928:Naphen
3918:Atwood
3888:Seelye
3868:Delano
3838:Borden
3828:Borden
3813:Bailey
3803:Morton
3768:Sewall
3678:Fuller
3668:Murray
3648:O'Neil
3593:Bailey
3578:Little
3573:Fowler
3548:Briggs
3533:Folger
3513:Bishop
3508:Varnum
3458:Healey
3433:McCall
3398:Warren
3338:Hobart
3298:Eustis
3248:Markey
3218:Phelan
3183:Butler
3178:Tarbox
3163:Brooks
3133:Briggs
3098:Turner
3088:Barker
3078:Bishop
2998:Lufkin
2963:Loring
2953:Butler
2918:Ashmun
2908:Alvord
2838:Markey
2828:Meehan
2823:Atkins
2808:Cronin
2763:Hayden
2753:Bowman
2738:Butler
2728:Hooper
2703:Hudson
2688:Sibley
2653:Bourne
2613:Drinan
2598:Stobbs
2588:Wilder
2568:Apsley
2563:O'Neil
2538:Hooper
2528:Comins
2523:Walley
2518:Sabine
2483:Fuller
2463:Varnum
2448:Foster
2408:Trahan
2378:Drinan
2353:Wilder
2328:Walker
2313:Ranney
2293:Pierce
2273:Thomas
2253:Duncan
2238:Osgood
2233:Nelson
2228:Varnum
2223:Nelson
2203:Nelson
2198:Cutler
2183:Coffin
2178:Bourne
2143:Boland
2133:Clason
2123:Kaynor
2118:Bowles
2093:Harris
2048:Choate
1978:Foster
1908:Wright
1823:Gorham
1813:Gorham
1803:Gorham
1788:Quincy
1783:Eustis
1758:Holten
1748:Dexter
1663:Baucus
1638:Sasser
1628:Lilley
1618:Hummel
1538:Wright
1523:Rankin
1505:Taipei
1489:Stuart
1484:Hurley
1383:Conger
1368:Angell
1363:Seward
1348:Browne
1315:Parker
1310:McLane
1292:Parker
1112:from
1009:online
999:online
987:online
977:online
967:online
886:May 8,
853:May 8,
635:; and
612:Legacy
590:Family
504:bonsai
417:Boston
279:, U.S.
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4668:Bruce
4643:Walsh
4623:Brown
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4503:Olney
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4418:Weeks
4388:Dowse
4348:Keith
4328:Weeks
4258:Dewey
4253:Bacon
4193:Burke
4103:Dawes
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3953:Tague
3873:Dawes
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3738:Lynch
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3718:Keith
3658:Conry
3488:Lynch
3378:Train
3373:Knapp
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3318:Green
3308:Green
3278:Grout
3193:Stone
3153:Gooch
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2988:Moody
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2948:Banks
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2013:Story
1933:Olver
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1153:1861
540:First
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209:from
90:JSTOR
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4608:Cook
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928:2018
888:2019
855:2019
822:2019
739:2012
542:and
388:Ohio
284:Died
264:Born
62:news
4628:Orr
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