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civilians. Among them lies
Mordechaj Anielewicz, the Commander in Chief. On May 8, 1943, surrounded by the Nazis after three weeks of struggle, many perished or took their own lives, refusing to perish at the hands of their enemies. There were several hundred bunkers built in the Ghetto. Found and destroyed by the Nazis, they became graves. They could not save those who sought refuge inside them, yet they remain everlasting symbols of the Warsaw Jews’ will to live. The bunker at Miła Street was the largest in the ghetto. It is the place of rest of over one hundred fighters, only some of whom are known by name. Here they rest, buried as they fell, to remind us that the whole earth is their grave.
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In
October 1940, the governor of Nazi German-occupied Warsaw ordered city officials to begin construction of a ghetto for Jews in an area of Warsaw formerly used for quarantine during epidemics; it was completed on 15 November 1940. The initial population of Jews confined to the ghetto was 400,000.
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The location of the is now known. It is to be forced open tomorrow... On the average the raiding parties shoot 30 to 50 Jews each night... Today we blew up a concrete building which we had not been able to destroy by fire. In this operation we learned that the blowing up of a building is a very
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Grave of the fighters of the Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising built from the rubble of Miła Street, one of the liveliest streets of pre-war Jewish Warsaw. These ruins of the bunker at 18 Miła Street are the place of rest of the commanders and fighters of the Jewish Combat Organization, as well as some
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by ingesting poison rather than surrender, though a group of about 30 eluded the SS by escaping through the only un-blocked door of the six. They crawled through the Ghetto through a sewer until able to emerge near Prosta Street to the "Aryan side" of Warsaw on May 10, 1943.
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The current numbering of the buildings on Mila Street does not correspond to the wartime numbering. The memorial is now located at the intersection of Miła and Dubois
Streets while the current Miła 18 is an apartment block about 700 metres to the west.
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The bunker at Miła 18 was initially constructed by a group of Polish partisans and armed underground resistance fighters against the
Germans. They were joined there by the ŻOB fighters after their hideout, at 29 Miła Street, had been discovered.
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reported to SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and
General of Police Krueger that 56,065 of the remaining Jews of the Warsaw ghetto were deported to death camps or exterminated by gunshot, explosion, fire, or asphyxiation.
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All windows, doors, and other exits to the rest of Warsaw were bricked up. From July to
October 1942, over 310,300 Jews were removed from the ghetto, for transport to concentration camps or due to death.
243:) visited the ruins above the former ZOB command bunker. The ruins were not built over, so as "not to disturb what is recognized as a grave site by the Jewish community".
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Non-invasive surveys confirming subsurface evidence of the bunker and tunnel systems were carried out in 2021 by the
Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
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lengthy process and takes an enormous amount of explosives. The best and only method for destroying the Jews therefore still remains the setting of fires.
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In 2006, a new obelisk designed by Hanna
Szmalenberg and Marek Moderau was added to the memorial. The inscription in Polish, English and Yiddish reads:
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The whole Ghetto was searched today by raiding parties... are resolved not to terminate the large-scale operation until the last Jew has been destroyed.
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In 1946, the monument known as
Anielewicz Mound, made of the rubble of Miła Street houses, was erected. A commemorative stone inscribed in
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182:, when the bunker beneath 18 Mila Street was found by the Nazis, there were around 300 people living there. The bunker had six exits.
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The names of 51 Jewish fighters whose identities have been established by historians are engraved on the front of the obelisk.
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498:. University of South Florida: Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education. 2005
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Note: Bandit was the word used by the Germans for Polish partisans and armed underground fighters.
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Miazga, Colin; Bauman, Paul; McClymont, Alastair; Slater, Chris (1 September 2021).
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636:"Geophysical investigation of the Miła 18 resistance bunker in Warsaw, Poland"
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Commemorative stone on top of the mound, visible stones put by Jewish visitors
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521:"Stroop's Final Report on the Battles in the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt (May 1943)"
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Hanna Szmalenberg and Marek Moderau (obelisk); Unknown (commemorative stone)
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Underground bunker of the Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto during WW2
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The armed resistance fighters surrendered, but the ŻOB command, including
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into the shelter to force the occupants out. Anielewicz, his girlfriend
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Obelisk at the foot of the mound with the names of 51 Jewish fighters
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This article is about a location. For the novel named after it, see
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First International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy
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Images of Graves of the Fighters of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
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In July 1945, survivors of the Jewish Underground (among them
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678:. Warsaw: Polin Museum of the History of Polish Jews. 2017
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From 17 April 1943 to 18 May 1943, SS Brigadefuehrer
178:On 8 May 1943, three weeks after the start of the
492:"The Stroop Report: The Warsaw Ghetto is No More"
125:) was the headquarters and hidden shelter of the
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137:in Poland during the Nazi German occupation of
547:Leociak, J. (2011). "Dom Spotkań z Historią".
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170:Postwar reconstruction of the Miła 18 bunker
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549:Spojrzenia na warszawskie getto. Ulica Miła
527:. Nuremberg Documents, PS-1061. 16 May 1943
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706:"The Ghetto Fights," by Marek Edelman
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218:From the Stroop Report, 8 May 1943:
672:"Anielewicz's Bunker (Miła Street)"
285:Jewish fighters who died at Miła 18
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579:, Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1999.
551:(in Polish). Warszawa. p. 26.
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785:Monuments and memorials in Warsaw
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618:"Mila 18 Bunker site photograph"
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200:Mordechaj Anielewicz
92:Completion date
731:52.2515°N 20.9923°E
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593:"The Stroop Report"
577:Zagłada i powstanie
464:Moszek Zylbertszajn
460:Rachelka Zylberberg
111:Bunkier Anielewicza
84:Beginning date
33:Bunkier Anielewicza
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343:Efraim Fondamiński
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424:Szmuel Sobol
421:Jerzy Sarnak
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349:Emus Frojnd
328:Berl Braude
227:Remembrance
749:Categories
722:20°59′32″E
719:52°15′05″N
473:References
366:Rut Hejman
340:Józef Fass
145:Background
95:1946, 2006
557:cite book
357:Wolf Gold
185:From the
129:(ŻOB), a
602:22 April
531:22 April
502:22 April
204:tear gas
74:Material
66:Designer
61:, Poland
55:Location
414:Salka (
381:Lolek (
252:Yiddish
78:Granite
21:Mila 18
248:Polish
119:Polish
107:Polish
59:Warsaw
682:3 May
653:3 May
684:2024
655:2024
604:2024
563:link
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504:2024
250:and
101:The
87:1946
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