1082:
492:, and accessories. Short textile-made cloaks are seen on Roman sculptures of Germanic captives. It has been determined that cloaks were composed of cloth and clasped on one shoulder. Men wearing similarly styled cloaks, clasped with circular brooches, occur in late era Anglo-Saxon drawings and paintings. It is probable that this style of clothing was worn by Germanic tribes on the continent and later when they migrated to England. Male burial artefacts from the fifth to the seventh centuries rarely include brooches; any metalwork uncovered have usually been pins found in the chest area of the body. It is likely that men in this period used brooches made of perishable material, secured their cloaks with leather or cloth laces, covered themselves with cloaks without using clasps, or used poncho-style cloaks.
1065:
1110:
150:
1123:
village to village. Some jewellery was made by monks, who also made religious metalwork. In the seventh to the ninth centuries, the Anglo-Saxon communities changed slowly from small villages to increasingly larger villages and large estates. On larger estates, specialised workshops would be responsible for the manufacture of jewellery and metalwork for the residents of the estate. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, the growth of urban centres throughout
England changed the variety and quantity of jewellery made available to Anglo-Saxons and the methods in which jewellery was produced.
870:
71:
Anglo-Saxon communities changed slowly from primarily small settlements to a mix of small and large settlements, and large estates. Specialized workshops on large landholdings were responsible for the manufacture of textiles and clothing for the estate community. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, the growth of urban centre space throughout
England expanded the variety and quantity of textiles, clothing, and accessories that were made available to the public and also changed the way in which clothing and accessories were manufactured.
293:
fasteners made of organic material are rare finds, although archaeological evidence from urban settlements has shown that Anglo-Saxons were skilled at working organic material, including bone, horn, antler and wood. Evidence shows that the skin of cattle, deer, goat, pig and sheep were used to make leather goods. Although only tiny remnants of leather survive, they are usually attached to buckles and to wrist clasps. Leather was probably used to make belts, suspension straps, and cuffs, although cloth was also used to make those items.
195:
861:"The Sutton Hoo Mound 1 warrior can be characterized as equipped in the manner of a Roman general....His helmet is modelled ultimately on a fourth-century Roman cavalry parade helmet, his shield is similarly an oversized decorated parade item, and the gold and garnet decorated shoulder clasps probably fastened a leather tunic and imitate the epaulettes of Roman body armour. He also possessed a ring mail shirt, while a showy gold belt buckle and the garnet and gold fittings to his sword and sword belt help to complete the picture."
819:
250:
85:
843:
1098:
236:, than women from other regions of Anglo-Saxon England. The costume consisted of a front-fastening garment and a Frankish-inspired front-fastening jacket, which was attached by four brooches. In the last third of the sixth century in Kent, women's dresses were fastened by an ornate disk brooch at the throat, replacing "the coat-based costume fastened by four brooches in two matched pair sets down the length of the coat." There were other regional variations of women's dress, notably in
806:
accessory found in children's graves is the bead, worn individually or in small numbers. Both boys and girls could be buried with a belt buckle, although buckles were not typically worn until adulthood. Children's and adult's clothing show differences in the type of clothing material worn. A higher percentage of linen is found in children's graves compared to adult burials. Linen may have been preferable for children's garments, since it was much easier to wash repeatedly than wool.
1007:
682:
appearance during this time period. Many of the buckles were simple and small, although more elaborate and opulent buckles have been discovered. Kent burials include a number of large, triangular belt buckles from male graves. The conversion of Anglo-Saxon
England to Christianity is demonstrated in the appearance of buckles with the cross symbols and fish emblem. As seen on the St. Mary Bishophill sculpture in York of two Anglo-Saxon men, horns could be suspended from the belt.
3995:
908:
24:
3855:
203:
ankle-length (women in Anglo-Saxon art and later in medieval art are usually represented in long garments). Currently, there is no archaeological evidence to support this belief. Experiments to recreate early Anglo-Saxon female dress have resulted in the creation of a female costume that includes a long under-gown, with a buckled belt that holds suspended items including knives, keys, amulets, and weaving tools. The long gown is covered with a short
934:
611:
461:
1106:
century. The most noticeable jewellery fashion change in the seventh and eighth century was the use of necklace pendants. These style pendants were inspired by a combination of
Frankish, Byzantine and Roman art. Straight pins continue to be popular in the tenth and eleventh centuries. They are considered functional items during this time period and are being mass-produced. Finger rings continue to be popular.
1037:
villages and larger estates. Specialised workshops on the big estates would be responsible for the manufacture of textiles and clothing for the residents of the estate. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, the growth of urban centres around
England changed the variety and quantity of materials, clothing, and accessories that people had access to and the way in which clothing and accessories were manufactured.
930:(prior to the Anglo-Saxon migration) have found evidence that military leaders of that time period wore belts that were elaborate, wide, and fastened by "a narrow strap which was riveted to the broad belt and passed through a buckle which was much narrower than the belt itself" leaving the end of the belt to hang down; attached to the belt were pouches which allowed soldiers to carry their weapons.
726:
265:-like garment, pulled up to the armpit and worn over a sleeved under-garment, usually another dress. The garment was clasped front to back by fastening brooches at the shoulders. Anglo-Saxon women in this period may or may not have worn a head covering. The dress could be belted or girdled, and easily adjusted to changes in the woman's weight. It is unknown what the Anglo-Saxons called the
132:, clothing and accessories were used to establish identity of gender, age, ethnicity, regionality, occupation and status. Initially, the early migrants to England displayed their Germanic identity through their choices in clothing and accessories. Later, Anglo-Saxon dress was shaped by European costume styles, as well as European art and religious emblems of
950:
centuries, military attire did not differ much from that of civil attire. The only changes were in the form of short linen tunics with metal collars and the addition of a sword, spear, shield, and helmet. Weapons and clothes fittings worn on the battlefield were highly decorated with jewellery techniques, as seen in the discoveries at Sutton Hoo and in the
1041:
deterioration. It is probable that garments were not washed often. Washing would fade any artificial dyes that had been used, and laundering would diminish the natural weather-proof qualities of wool. Analysis of textile fragments from burial artefacts has indicated the absence of felting, which shows the lack of frequent washing.
173:. Beginning in the eighth century, grave-goods, except for simple items like knives and belts, were no longer included with individual burials. This lack of costume artefacts makes it more challenging for historians and archaeologists to determine what Anglo-Saxons were wearing during the eighth to the eleventh centuries.
141:
possessed one main garment, which they wore daily. Their clothes were often recycled from older, out-of-style clothing and handed-down items. Higher-status individuals typically owned multiple items of clothing and accessories, often made with high-quality and expensive materials, and decorated in intricate detail.
284:, has recently identified buckled capes of animal pelt that were found in Anglo-Saxon women's graves. A simple poncho made with a neck-opening for the head could have been made from skins of domesticated sheep or cattle. Literary evidence confirms the use of fur garments, primarily in the late Anglo-Saxon period.
760:
probably tied by string, ribbon or cloth. Sleeves were believed to be either short or long, with longer sleeves more likely acting as an undergarment. Undergarments continue to be worn and are more detailed in decoration. Linen shirts or a garment similar to a nightgown could be worn under the main garment.
1122:
Men and women continued to wear prominent jewellery, much of which was practical, as clasps to fasten clothing (buttons were not used). Precious metals were used by those who could afford them. In the early Anglo-Saxon era, most jewellery was perhaps created by itinerant craftsmen who would move from
944:
Archaeological excavations in the 1990s uncovered three 7th century male graves, each with tablet-woven bands. The clothing remnants appeared to be part of a jacket garment. The artefacts were analysed and later interpreted to be the front borders of a wrap-over fighting jacket, as seen on the Sutton
885:
Leggings were more elaborate from the seventh to the ninth centuries with
Frankish dress fashion providing the inspiration. In wealthier graves of this time period, buckles could be found under the knees and ankles of skeletal remains. Lace remnants found near the legs of skeletons in Kent is another
716:
Gloves were commonly used in Anglo-Saxon
England by the beginning of the eighth century. Falconers wore gloves and depictions of gloves have been found on Anglo-Saxon sculpture. Archaeological evidence has shown that elaborate gloves made with fine material have been found in Europe. This quality and
444:
To reconstruct men's costume from the Anglo-Saxon period, a review can be made of the writing, art and archaeological finds in north-western Europe and
Scandinavia from previous centuries and during the Anglo-Saxon era. Romans in the second century described the use of fur and skin garments among the
66:
Clothing worn by the military, the elite class and religious orders was initially similar to the daily garments of the common man and woman. Over time, and with the influence of
European culture, the spread of Christianity and the increasing prosperity of Anglo-Saxon England, garments and accessories
58:
indicates that men's and women's costume were different. Women's dress changed frequently from century to century, while men's dress changed very little. Women typically wore jewellery, men wore little or no jewellery. The beginning of the seventh century marked the conversion of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
922:
writes, "Despite allusions to mailcoats in the heroic poetry of the Anglo-Saxon period, the general absence of archaeological evidence for them, even in graves equipped with fine weapons, suggests that, at least in the earlier centuries of the Anglo-Saxon era, they were a rare luxury, and it was not
853:
Prosperity was marked by ownership of gold: buckles, brooches and gold embroidery or brocading on garments. Ornate buckles and clasps identified the wearer as important men of the seventh century. The jacket appeared during this time as well. For those who could afford it, the jacket was made of fur
796:
Brooches of the tenth and eleventh centuries are typically circular. The most opulent brooches are silver, others are base metal. Small, round brooches, worn as cloak fasteners, are often depicted on men in late Anglo-Saxon art. Other brooch types which have been uncovered in late Anglo-Saxon burial
635:
or folded, and held together at the right shoulder with a brooch. Once in place, the brooch was left attached to the garment so that the cloak was slipped over the head. Ninth century art shows a few different styles of cloak: hooded, non-hooded with a frilled collar, and the pleated cloaks arranged
541:
Footwear has not been found in Anglo-Saxon graveyards in the fifth to sixth centuries. It is likely that Anglo-Saxons, especially agricultural labourers, went barefoot, although linguistic documentation has revealed that there were several shoe types in circulation during this time period: slippers,
410:
Women wearing a sleeveless overgarment, with or without hood, can be seen in artistic representations of this time period. Women in late Anglo-Saxon art are depicted wearing hooded garments: either a scarf wrapped around the head and neck or an unconnected head covering with an opening for the face.
343:
During this period, women's jewellery, besides brooches used to fasten clothing, consisted of simple neck ornaments of small glass beads or strands of beads hung on metal rings, strung from shoulder to shoulder over garments. This fashion remained in place until the late seventh century. This era is
220:
was typically worn starting in the teen years and continually worn until a woman was in her forties, past childbearing age. This long garment, with its paired shoulder brooches, was a comfortable garment for breastfeeding and could expand easily when a woman was pregnant. Though most finds are long,
1093:
Finger rings are worn in the early Anglo-Saxon era, but declined in popularity in the seventh and eighth centuries, and became fashionable again in the ninth century. At the end of the seventh century, circular brooches increased in popularity over long brooches, and annular and disc brooches start
826:
The wealth of an Anglo-Saxon could be measured by the number and variety of garments, accessories, and jewellery he or she possessed and the quality of those items. Status in jewellery is reflected in size, intricacy, and use of gold, silver and garnet. Wealthier men and women owned footwear in the
759:
The short tunic continues to be the standard garment of Anglo-Saxon men. They were usually knee-length, but sometimes worn at a shorter length. The tunic continues to be bound at the waist by a belt or girdle. It is most likely that the tunic fabric was joined at the sides, and the neck opening was
649:
Human figures start to appear in art during this period. Most of the male figures displayed in Anglo-Saxon art wear short, above-the-knee, girdled tunics. Short tunics were most commonly worn, but longer tunics are seen on Anglo-Saxon sculpture. Eighth century writer
Aldhelm describes a linen shirt
555:
The only male accessory frequently found in Anglo-Saxon cemeteries is belt hardware. Men's belt hardware tended to be more elaborate than women's belt hardware. Leather remnants have been discovered in male graves attached to buckles, which makes it more than likely that leather belts were a common
415:
art. Women are shown wearing ankle-length, tailored gowns. Gowns are often depicted with a distinct border, sometimes in a contrasting colour. In the tenth century, women's arms are typically covered. Sleeves are seen as straight, with a slight flair at the end. Braided or embroidered borders often
292:
Evidence of footwear from early Anglo-Saxon graves is rare until the late sixth and seventh centuries. Agricultural labourers shown ploughing and sowing in Anglo-Saxon illustrated manuscripts work barefoot, which may indicate that footwear was not the norm until the middle Anglo-Saxon era. Clothing
160:
Archaeological finds in Anglo-Saxon cemeteries have provided the best source of information on Anglo-Saxon dress. Pagan burial practices in the early Anglo-Saxon era included placing grave-goods with the clothed body. Archaeological excavations from this era have provided a rich supply of artefacts
140:
disc brooches as early as the late sixth century. Tiny crosses also start appearing on shoulder clasps and on Kentish belt buckles in the seventh century. Clothing and accessories varied from the functional, the recycled, the symbolic, the elegant, the opulent and the elaborate. Commoners typically
1055:
Men and women's garments were fastened by brooches, buckles, clasps and pins. Jewellery could be created from a variety of metals, including iron, copper alloy (bronze), silver or gold, or a combinations metals. The precious metals were obtained by melting down older metal objects, including Roman
805:
Grave-goods identified as belonging to children are scarce in Anglo-Saxon cemeteries. The little evidence suggests that children wore clothing that was similar to adults. Children's artefacts that have been found, include wrist and ankle bangles, neck-rings, small knives and beads. The most common
559:
Jewellery was found in very few male graves of this period. Some beads have been uncovered in some male burial sites and may have decorated a belt or weapon. Anglo-Saxon literary evidence from this time period suggest that men frequently wore rings, but there have been very few rings discovered in
524:
described the wearing of trousers by Germanic barbarians. Ankle-length trousers are also seen on Roman sculptures of Germanic men, often with a short tunic, tied around the waist with a belt or draped with a cloak. It is probable that Anglo-Saxon men wore either baggy or narrow trousers, belted at
504:
Roman writers and sculpture of Germanic men depict knee-length or shorter tunics with either short or long sleeves. Clasps were not needed to hold the tunic together because when pulled over the head it would sit snugly around the neck without the use of lacing or ties, indicating that the garment
369:
In the tenth and eleventh centuries, the growth of cities throughout England expanded the variety and quantity of textiles, clothing, and accessories that were made available to Anglo-Saxon women. Textiles and accessories could be mass-produced making these items more affordable. For more affluent
176:
Archaeological evidence from Anglo-Saxon cemeteries have alternately supported and contradicted contemporary illustrations of Anglo-Saxon costume. For example, there are burial finds of finger rings, some engraved with names, in both male and female graves; finger rings never appear in Anglo-Saxon
1077:
garnet and glass settings were the fashion. This fashion trend was followed by opulent composite jewelled brooches that disappeared around the middle of the seventh century. Dress pins began to appear at the beginning of the seventh century. Pendants also became fashionable at this time. Necklets
1027:
According to Owen-Crocker, "Linen production was a longer process, involved planting flax seed, weeding, harvesting, removal of seed pods, retting (rotting) the woody stems in water or a dewy field, drying, beating, and 'scrutching' the flax stems to break them and release the fibres inside, then
784:
and York has produced many shoes: flat-soled, leather 'turn shoes' (made inside out and then turned), and thonged shoes. The most common type of shoe is the ankle-high shoe, but lower slippers and taller boots also have been found. Flat, black shoes with a white stripe on top are the typical male
681:
Archaeological finds indicate that the belt continued to be used in Anglo-Saxon male costume in the seventh to the ninth centuries. Knives were often suspended from belts and in the early seventh century, leather sheaves started to appear with knives. Leather and fabric pouches make their initial
537:
Leg-garments, or leggings were usually worn in pairs; these items served as additional protection for the legs. Linguistic documents from this era reveal that early Anglo-Saxon males wore two types of leg-garments. The first type of leggings would have been a leather or cloth stocking; the second
240:
areas, where wrist clasps and a third, central brooch and distinctive 'girdle-hangers' were the norm. Women's costume throughout England was enhanced by beads made of glass, paste and amber and less frequently, crystal. Garlands of beads were typically suspended between the shoulder brooches, and
165:
art, writing and literature in order to reconstruct a standard Anglo-Saxon costume. Archaeological evidence for female burials is abundant in the fifth and the sixth centuries. The cemetery evidence for male burials is limited compared to female burials, with primarily belt buckles and other belt
115:
The Anglo-Saxon era can be divided into three different time periods: an early Anglo-Saxon period, which spans the mid-fifth to the beginning of the seventh century; the middle Anglo-Saxon period, which covers the seventh to the ninth centuries; and the late Anglo-Saxon period, with the tenth and
653:
Trousers continued to be worn by men. Traditionally worn under a short tunic or with a small cloak, they were typically ankle length. The jacket appeared during this time as well. For those who could afford it, the jacket was made of fur while less costly ones were made of linen. This jacket was
495:
Because of the lack of Anglo-Saxon male burial finds, archaeologist have looked to earlier period writings from Europe and earlier century finds from Scandinavian peat bogs to predict what Anglo-Saxon men might have worn. It is probable that a short, fur-lined cloak was used with the skin of the
440:
Anglo-Saxon burial excavations have uncovered little evidence of what men wore during this period. Weapons were often buried with men, but dress accessories were less likely to be found except for belt buckles. The lack of fasteners and brooches in male graves resulted in few textile remnants of
348:
beads started appearing at this time, along with necklaces of gold and silver wire, and, as a symbol of being Christian, small jewelled crosses. Occasionally, elaborate, round brooches were worn at the throat. Linked pins were now appearing among grave-goods. There were fewer bead ornaments than
741:
The literary, linguistic and artistic evidence of the tenth and eleventh centuries reveals many examples of male fashion. There are a variety of costumes depicted, shorter garments for the average male and longer garments for elite individuals. Different occupations and functions, like farming,
309:
inspired changes in women's dress. These changes were marked by the disappearance of the paired brooch, aside from very small annular and penannular brooches; occasional elaborate, round brooches were also worn individually. Linked pins appeared during the seventh century. There were fewer bead
1040:
Dye-testing of textile remnants from Anglo-Saxon graves has revealed that clothing was not dyed in the Anglo-Saxon era, except for tablet-woven-bands which edged women's garments. This could signify that artificial pigment was never present or that garment colour has been lost over time due to
1036:
In the fifth and sixth centuries, women were the manufacturers of Anglo-Saxon clothing, weaving textiles on looms in their homes. About 70% of a woman's year was spent making textiles. Between the seventh and ninth centuries, Anglo-Saxon communities changed slowly from small villages to larger
70:
During the Anglo-Saxon era, textiles were created from natural materials: wool from sheep, linen from flax, and imported silk. In the fifth and sixth centuries, women were the manufacturers of clothing, weaving textiles on looms in their individual dwellings. In the seventh to ninth centuries,
1105:
Brooches which resemble modern safety pins appear in the seventh century. Straight pins continue to be popular in the seventh century, and are sometimes made of gold and silver. Garlands of beads, which decorated women's garments in the fifth and sixth centuries, fade from view in the seventh
949:
with sleeves that narrowed at the wrists. The jacket would be decorated with "patterned tablet woven bands stitched to the front opening and perhaps also to the hem and cuffs....Most of the comparative material suggests that the jacket was usually worn over trousers." In the ninth and tenth
272:
Linen or wool could be used to make the peplos garment. There has been discussion among historians of whether a preference of one fibre over the other was a matter of fashion changes over time or related to regional differences. Fashion changes tended to begin in eastern England, reflecting
202:
Fifth and sixth century women's costume has been reconstructed by scholars, based on the archaeological evidence of brooches worn in pairs at the shoulders. Researchers continue to fill current gaps of knowledge about female dress during this time period. The female gown is presumed to be
697:
appear in Anglo-Saxon art at the beginning of the seventh century, but have not been discovered as archaeological finds in male graves. At the beginning of the ninth century, gold was scarce, and was rarely found on brooches. Brooches were typically created with base metal or silver; the
335:. Linen is used more widely for garments and under-garments. Although there is little evidence to show whether women wore leggings or stockings under their gowns, it is more than likely that these leg-coverings were worn, as men typically wore stocking and leggings during this period.
809:
Illustrations and paintings from the sixth to eleventh centuries in England, always depict male children. They are usually seen in short tunics with shirts. Infants are portrayed in long gowns, and either wear no head covering or wear head covering similar to women of the period.
583:
during this time period, "Indeed their clothes were roomy and especially linen, as the Anglo-Saxons were accustomed to have, embellished with rather wide borders woven in various colours" Paulus's description of Anglo-Saxon wearing linen is confirmed by eighth century writers,
2481:
A Cyclopaedia of Costume Or Dictionary of Dress, Including Notices of Contemporaneous Fashions on the Continent: A general chronological history of the costumes of the principal countries of Europe, from the commencement of the Christian era to the accession of George the
45:
from the middle of the fifth century to the eleventh century. Archaeological finds in Anglo-Saxon cemeteries have provided the best source of information on Anglo-Saxon costume. It is possible to reconstruct Anglo-Saxon dress using archaeological evidence combined with
640:
made an appearance during this era. This knee-length coat wrapped over the front of the body. Its sleeves were, as Owen-Crocker says, "deep, decorated cuffs which mostly straight". The cloaks of common men were simple and less decorated than cloaks of wealthier men.
431:
In the art of this period, women wear simple ankle shoes and slippers, usually black in colour, but with a contrasting strip of colour on the top of the shoe. Archaeological finds of this period demonstrate that a variety of women's shoe styles were being worn.
419:
There is little evidence to show whether women wore leggings or stockings under their gowns in the tenth and the eleventh centuries, although it is probable that these clothing items were worn, as men typically wore stocking and leggings during this period.
63:. Religious art, symbols and writings from the conversion years greatly influenced costumes from this period onward, especially women's dress and jewellery. Historical research has shown that Anglo-Saxon children wore smaller versions of adult garments.
750:
Cloaks were worn indoors and outdoors and covered both short and long garments. Cloaks were rectangular or square in shape, attached with a brooch and not usually tailored. Circular brooches were the most common style brooches used by men at this time.
1023:
invasions. Clothing made from the wool of sheep would be available in a selection of colour variations from white to brown and black. Silk was not cultivated in England but imported as finished garments, lengths of cloth, or sewing/embroidery threads.
1014:
From the fifth to the eleventh centuries, the raw materials available to create textiles were wool from sheep, linen from flax, and imported silk. Wool was produced from a variety of sheep breeds, including primitive brown sheep (ancestors to the
772:
indicate that men continued to wear leggings and stockings. Leg coverings often cover the shoes and probably covered the foot. The material was likely made of woven cloth as knitting would not be introduced in England until the sixteenth century.
1089:
In male graves, belt sets with triangular plates inspired by Frankish fashion appear in the late sixth century and span the first half of the seventh century. Later in the seventh century, small buckles with rectangular plates become typical.
546:
and pouch-like foot coverings. Anglo-Saxons most likely covered their bare feet, except when working. Shoes presumably would have been made of leather and secured with straps. Hats and hoods were commonly worn, as were gloves and mittens.
402:. A symmetrical cloak draped around the shoulders and fastened with a brooch is fashionable in this period, but is declining in popularity. Hooded cloaks attached by a circular brooch are described in the literature of this time period.
1072:
Fashion changes in women's jewellery occurred frequently in the Anglo-Saxon era. In sixth century Kent, for example, single jewelled disc brooches were in style until the end of the sixth century when more elaborate plate brooches with
889:
Art of this era was abundant in illustrations of English kings wearing long garments. The change from shorter tunics to long garments was likely influenced by European fashion. Gowns were often loose, with a variety of sleeve styles.
854:
while less costly ones were made of linen. Pile woven cloaks, which probably imitated fur in their shaggy effect, were a high status alternative for men in the seventh century. The extremely affluent male buried AD 625 in the
898:
Fur, which has been used in previous centuries to keep the body warm, was becoming more popular outside of England. In England, fur became more of a fashion choice as a luxury item during the tenth and eleventh centuries.
322:
Changes in Anglo-Saxon women's dress began in the latter half of the sixth century in Kent and spread to other regions at the beginning of the seventh century. These fashion changes show the decreasing influence of
4243:
50:
and European art, writing and literature of the period. Archaeological finds have both supported and contradicted the characteristic Anglo-Saxon costume as illustrated and described by these contemporary sources.
834:. Most of these extravagant items were primarily used as religious garments, but it is also highly likely that royals and the wealthier members of Anglo-Saxon society owned opulent and expensive clothing.
538:
type was most likely cloth strips or wool tied around the leg. Binding strips to the legs had the added benefit of being able to wind the cloth around or cover the foot for extra warmth and protection.
525:
the waist and possibly attached to the legs with either garters or leggings. If loose, the excess material was bunched around the waist and, as Owen-Crocker describes, "hung in folds around the legs".
358:
685:
Brooches have been rare in archaeological finds for this period, but it is probable that disc-headed pins and other pins were worn by men as they have been found in Anglo-Saxon settlements. The
280:
Survival of fur is rare in Anglo-Saxon cemeteries. It is likely that fleeces and furs were used as garment lining or as warm outer garments. Anglo-Saxon textile and clothing historian,
428:
The girdles and buckled belts that were popular in the fifth and sixth century, with tools and personal items suspended from the belt, have gone out of fashion by the tenth century.
827:
early Anglo-Saxon era, a period when many Anglo-Saxons were probably going barefoot. The affluent often had newer clothing and wore the latest fashions in clothing and accessories.
650:
worn under a tunic. Other contemporary writings describe the use of undergarments. It is possible that loin cloths were used as undergarment or on its own if a tunic was not worn.
974:. Beginning in the later 8th century, the clergy were forbidden to wear bright colours or expensive or valuable fabrics. He also asserted that the clergy wore linen stockings.
1081:
669:
uncovered a male skeleton with soft leather ankle-boots which included eyelets for leather thongs. This boot style is similar to archaeological finds for the same period in
568:
This era marked the disappearance of furnished graves, but also saw the installation of some of the wealthiest male burials of the Anglo-Saxon era. The best example is the
169:
The beginning of the seventh century marked the decline of the pagan tradition of including grave-goods in burials. This change in funerary practice coincided with the
3891:
662:
Leggings and stockings continued to be worn in the seventh to the ninth centuries. Frankish fashion for elaborate gartering was very popular in the seventh century.
977:
The clergy of the 11th century had shaved heads and wore hats which, according to Planché, were "slightly sinking in the centre, with the pendent ornaments of the
636:
over the shoulders and bound at the waist by a belt. These belts were narrower than earlier in the Saxon period, with fewer tools hanging from them. The wrap-over
4320:
830:
Documentary evidence has shown that luxurious textiles were abundant in Anglo-Saxon England. These materials included imported silks, and textiles and clothing
607:
Frankia. This costume has been described as a short tunic over linen shirt and linen drawers with long stockings. In winter, a cloak was worn over the costume.
216:, the pin, a belt or girdle with tools and keys, was relevant to a woman's age and state of life, especially to the child-bearing years and marriage. The
1094:
appearing in grave-goods. Eighth century circular brooches are rarely found, but many examples have been found from the ninth to eleventh centuries.
4338:
3884:
181:, arm-rings and neck-rings that show up occasionally in Anglo-Saxon art are not supported by any finds from Anglo-Saxon cemetery excavations.
3900:
945:
Hoo helmet panels and other 7th century art. Historians believe that Anglo-Saxon soldiers wore wrap-over, knee-length coats decorated like
2765:
476:
Anglo-Saxon men of 5th and 6th century England dressed alike regardless of social rank. The fashions during this time consisted of the
4353:
3877:
3812:
3830:
2602:
The Art of the Anglo-Saxon Goldsmith: Fine Metalwork in Anglo-Saxon England: its Practice and Practitioners (Anglo-Saxon Studies)
1153:
170:
4094:
225:
was traditionally worn starting in the teens, archaeological evidence indicates that girls as young as eight-years-old wore the
96:
led to the withdrawal of the Roman armies in the late fourth and early fifth centuries. By the mid-fifth century, an influx of
2499:
The Spindle and the Spear: A Critical Enquiry into the Construction and Meaning of Gender in the Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Rite
452:), wool clothing would have been available for men and may have replaced or diminished the reliance on fur and skin garments.
858:
was supplied with two pairs of shoes, several yellow-dyed cloaks, and possible alternative sets of jewelled belt equipment.
3937:
1064:
4417:
4027:
2734:
2712:
2693:
2674:
2609:
2590:
2542:
2506:
441:
men's clothing. The few textile fragments that have been found, fortunately were found in good condition for analysis.
212:
The age of a woman often designated the costume that would be her daily dress. Dress and accessories, specifically the
923:
unusual to fight without protective clothing; on the Franks Casket some spear-carriers are not equipped with armour".
4115:
4110:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
2911:
2446:
4432:
4258:
4253:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
3942:
3913:
2873:
3835:
3043:
1148:
232:
Beginning in the fifth century, women in Kent wore a slightly different costume, influenced by fashions from the
136:. A person's identity as a believer in Christianity was manifested through dress. Cross-shaped designs appear on
3825:
3093:
2898:
2758:
2722:
1133:
1109:
4052:
3929:
1138:
1019:
breed), white sheep brought by the Romans to Britain, and black-faced sheep that were introduced during the
665:
From the beginning of the seventh century, shoes become more abundant as burial artefacts. A burial site at
4422:
2974:
93:
592:. Linen was likely the favoured fabric over wool for garments worn in eighth century Anglo-Saxon England.
4032:
4022:
3840:
2853:
1056:
coins. Many brooches and buckles were decorated by techniques including casting, engraving and inlaying.
572:
ship burial, which is dated to the early 7th century. It has been determined to be the burial of a king.
241:
other bead clusters often hung from brooches, attached to girdles and were sometimes worn on their own.
4365:
4343:
3974:
3006:
3001:
4427:
4391:
4044:
3959:
3918:
3858:
3038:
2945:
2938:
2916:
2751:
989:, a tunic like vestment with large, bell shaped sleeves, which tended to be arched on the sides. The
4360:
4248:
4225:
4220:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4157:
3979:
3078:
3063:
2878:
2863:
2624:"Symbols of Protection: The Significance of Animal-ornamented Shields in Early Anglo-Saxon England"
1198:
595:
There are several clothing references in seventh and eighth century letters. Letters between King
556:
clothing accessory. Men usually carried a knife, other tools, and sometimes amulets at the waist.
3952:
3193:
3083:
3073:
3068:
2888:
2868:
2825:
332:
4037:
3595:
3028:
3023:
2950:
2845:
281:
237:
149:
112:
coast. The middle of the fifth century marked the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon era in England.
2561:
2553:
2525:
2517:
1977:
793:
Knives, suspended from belts and girdles, no longer appear in Anglo-Saxon art of this period.
4381:
4348:
2893:
2783:
2468:
2460:
513:
was usually worn with the tunic and might have had a buckle, and, as Anglo-Saxon historian,
273:
contemporary fashion styles in Europe, and those changes would move slowly over time to the
2984:
2955:
2858:
1158:
710:
416:
decorated sleeves. By the eleventh century, multiple sleeve styles had come into fashion.
254:
8:
4396:
3820:
3033:
1143:
951:
694:
129:
105:
2623:
229:, but marked their younger age by fastening their gowns with one brooch instead of two.
4386:
4089:
3203:
3055:
2994:
2883:
2815:
2791:
2667:
Rural Settlements and Society in Anglo-Saxon England (Medieval History and Archaeology)
2646:
937:
874:
869:
707:
604:
520:
Historians are reasonably confident that Anglo-Saxon men wore trousers. The Roman poet
370:
women, finer materials and more opulent clothing and jewellery were easily obtainable.
1284:
1078:
came into fashion, typically created with silver-wire rings and coloured glass beads.
357:
4215:
4173:
3984:
3969:
2979:
2830:
2805:
2730:
2708:
2689:
2670:
2650:
2605:
2586:
2538:
2502:
2485:
2456:
2442:
2434:
912:
703:
580:
514:
194:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4150:
4084:
3869:
3402:
2774:
2638:
818:
328:
97:
27:
2476:
966:, believed that the clergy of the 9th and 10th centuries dressed similarly to the
963:
4014:
3011:
2989:
2933:
2903:
2787:
2686:
Archaeology, Economy and Society: England from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Century
2619:
2580:
1168:
1050:
831:
769:
637:
506:
324:
117:
47:
31:
842:
249:
221:
it has sometimes been interpreted as possible to wear a short one. Although the
84:
3964:
3685:
3469:
3133:
2820:
971:
855:
713:. The ninth century initiated elaborate finger-rings into Anglo-Saxon fashion.
666:
596:
465:
4411:
3444:
3407:
3367:
3233:
2962:
2921:
2576:
1173:
1097:
699:
628:
615:
576:
178:
154:
137:
3546:
2642:
1028:
repeated heckling or combing of those fibres to prepare them for spinning."
3138:
3128:
3111:
2928:
1163:
1006:
686:
412:
302:
133:
60:
42:
3994:
2489:
1074:
67:
specific to each group became the standard by which they were identified.
3620:
3578:
3501:
3414:
3282:
3272:
3183:
2967:
927:
907:
730:
690:
600:
55:
23:
631:, made with rectangular cloth, and fastened so the cloak appeared to be
4079:
3797:
3585:
3568:
3516:
3506:
3491:
3459:
3449:
3327:
3277:
3153:
3148:
3116:
2835:
1277:
1016:
985:, the outermost liturgical vestment, which retained its shape, and the
946:
846:
781:
569:
933:
3792:
3787:
3777:
3710:
3615:
3511:
3474:
3464:
3424:
3377:
3372:
3322:
3262:
3188:
3178:
3158:
3121:
3106:
543:
445:
Germanic tribes. With the introduction of the warp-weighted loom in (
161:
that have been analysed and compared to contemporary Anglo-Saxon and
109:
2705:
Clothing the Clergy: Virtue and Power in Medieval Europe c. 800–1200
2142:
1874:
496:
animal faced outward and the fur brushed against the undergarments.
3765:
3750:
3730:
3715:
3695:
3670:
3655:
3650:
3630:
3600:
3590:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3357:
3342:
3317:
3297:
3267:
3257:
3252:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3143:
3101:
2810:
2743:
986:
982:
734:
610:
489:
485:
345:
460:
3782:
3770:
3760:
3735:
3725:
3720:
3700:
3690:
3665:
3605:
3563:
3536:
3454:
3387:
3382:
3362:
3352:
3307:
3302:
3292:
3287:
3228:
3213:
3163:
1628:
1382:
990:
954:; the concept of parade wear did not exist for the Anglo-Saxons.
589:
526:
306:
233:
101:
2556:. In Hamerow, Helena; Hinton, David A.; Crawford, Sally (eds.).
2520:. In Hamerow, Helena; Hinton, David A.; Crawford, Sally (eds.).
2463:. In Hamerow, Helena; Hinton, David A.; Crawford, Sally (eds.).
2229:
2217:
2055:
1946:
1811:
1724:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1568:
603:
demonstrate that clothing in Anglo-Saxon England was similar to
397:
391:
385:
379:
3802:
3755:
3740:
3705:
3680:
3645:
3640:
3573:
3558:
3496:
3434:
3419:
3397:
3347:
3337:
3332:
3245:
3240:
3198:
3168:
2400:
2091:
1958:
1922:
1898:
1736:
1712:
1688:
1676:
1616:
1580:
1532:
1020:
797:
finds are not seen in Anglo-Saxon art during this time period.
777:
742:
hunting, and soldiering required different styles of clothing.
510:
378:
Many names for cloak appear during this time period, including
274:
205:
162:
2412:
2316:
2195:
2193:
2108:
2106:
1852:
1850:
1765:
1763:
1604:
3947:
3675:
3660:
3635:
3625:
3610:
3553:
3521:
3486:
3481:
3439:
3429:
3312:
3173:
3016:
2304:
2282:
2280:
2079:
1522:
1520:
1409:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
993:
was generally found to be plain in colour and ornamentation.
978:
967:
632:
481:
477:
327:
and the increasing influence of the Frankish Kingdom and the
311:
1481:
1457:
1445:
1421:
1358:
1307:
1305:
1248:
1246:
1233:
1231:
725:
3745:
3392:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2340:
2205:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2130:
2118:
2103:
2067:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1934:
1910:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1760:
1748:
1700:
1592:
1556:
1505:
1469:
1346:
670:
627:
Cloak of this period, included the cloak style seen on the
585:
521:
2535:
Cloth and Clothing in Early Anglo-saxon England AD 450-700
2328:
2292:
2277:
1862:
1517:
1493:
1433:
1370:
1317:
1258:
785:
footwear seen in Anglo-Saxon art during this time period.
2352:
1334:
1302:
1243:
1228:
1216:
981:
attached to the side of it". Other garments included the
717:
styling of gloves could have easily migrated to England.
344:
noticeable for the decline of the paired brooch fashion.
2253:
2518:"Chapter 22: Overview: Craft Production and Technology"
2043:
1399:
1397:
1191:
926:
Burial finds from the fourth or early fifth century in
411:
It was assumed that the hooded style was influenced by
305:
in seventh century England, religious art and European
209:, which could be easily hitched up to reach the tools.
120:
of 1066, though change in costume after that was slow.
30:, last Anglo-Saxon king of England, as depicted in the
2501:. British Archaeological Reports, British Series 288.
2265:
2241:
3899:
2154:
1886:
1544:
1394:
261:The typical women's costume of this era was a long
41:refers to the clothing and accessories worn by the
822:7th century shoulder clasp for an Anglo-Saxon King
529:or leggings probably accompanied narrow trousers.
893:
776:Excavations in late Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Viking
720:
4409:
2599:
1970:
654:waist-length and tended to have a broad collar.
253:An archangel expels Adam and Eve from Paradise,
74:
2600:Coatsworth, Elizabeth; Pinder, Michael (2012).
563:
352:
198:Reconstruction of an Anglo-Saxon woman's attire
34:. He is shown wearing a tunic, cloak, and hose.
2558:The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology
2522:The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology
2465:The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology
886:indication of Frankish influence in clothing.
788:
3885:
2759:
2532:
2298:
2235:
2223:
2061:
1658:
1634:
1487:
1463:
1451:
1427:
1388:
1364:
1222:
864:
837:
455:
314:largely disappeared during this time period.
296:
2455:
2441:(rev. ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
2433:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2346:
2334:
2310:
2286:
2211:
2199:
2184:
2172:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2097:
2073:
2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1646:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1538:
1526:
1511:
1499:
1475:
1439:
1415:
1376:
1340:
1328:
1311:
1271:
1252:
1237:
676:
144:
108:and others fleeing rising sea levels on the
2790:origin primarily identified as speakers of
962:19th century costume historian and writer,
579:, describe Germanic peoples inhabiting the
189:
104:, many leaving overcrowded native lands in
3892:
3878:
2766:
2752:
2484:. Vol. 2. London: Chatto and Windus.
918:Historian Gale Owen-Crocker, in her book,
763:
657:
153:Assembly of grave artefacts, grave #2166,
2618:
2554:"Chapter 15: The Mid Saxon 'Final Phase'"
1285:"The Lexis of Cloth and Clothing project"
575:Writings of an eighth century historian,
2496:
2085:
2049:
1352:
1108:
1096:
1085:7th century buckle with triangular plate
1080:
1063:
1044:
1005:
996:
932:
906:
868:
841:
817:
724:
609:
532:
459:
356:
248:
193:
148:
83:
22:
3831:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
2721:
2664:
2475:
2271:
2259:
2247:
1154:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
1117:
171:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
123:
4410:
2702:
2683:
2575:
2515:
2418:
2322:
1101:Anglo-Saxon rings, 7th to 11th century
361:The Virgin Mary in Anglo-Saxon dress,
349:before, and amber was no longer used.
3873:
2747:
2551:
2358:
2160:
1892:
1550:
1403:
957:
800:
3938:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
2773:
2560:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2524:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2467:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1059:
768:Art from this period, including the
464:4th century Germanic tunic found on
54:The collective evidence of cemetery
2582:Sutton Hoo: Burial Ground of Kings?
2537:. Council for British Archaeology.
813:
13:
2569:
184:
14:
4444:
902:
754:
644:
517:states, "pouched over the belt".
499:
405:
317:
3993:
3914:History of clothing and textiles
3854:
3853:
2533:Walton-Rogers, Penelope (2007).
1031:
1001:
856:Sutton Hoo Ship Burial (mound 1)
745:
622:
550:
471:
435:
423:
338:
177:illustrations. Alternately, the
4321:impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
3836:Christianization of Scandinavia
2461:"Chapter 7: Dress and Identity"
2427:
1149:Weaponry in Anglo-Saxon England
1113:Anglo-Saxon gold pectoral cross
244:
16:Clothing of Anglo-Saxon England
3826:Christianization of the Franks
2899:Continental Germanic mythology
2727:Anglo Saxon Art: A New History
1978:"The history of hand knitting"
1134:History of Anglo-Saxon England
706:are both in silver, as is the
373:
287:
116:eleventh centuries, up to the
75:Overview: Anglo-Saxon England
1:
1180:
1139:Early medieval European dress
446:
2439:Dress in Anglo-Saxon England
1289:The University of Manchester
1185:
920:Dress in Anglo-Saxon England
894:Tenth and eleventh centuries
721:Tenth and eleventh centuries
505:was one continuous piece. A
353:Tenth and eleventh centuries
94:end of Roman rule in Britain
7:
4237:1920s–1950s Western fashion
4167:1830s–1910s Western fashion
4104:1500s–1820s Western fashion
3841:Christianization of Iceland
2703:Miller, Maureen C. (2014).
2669:. Oxford University Press.
1199:"History: the Anglo-Saxons"
1126:
618:depicting Anglo-Saxon dress
310:ornaments than before, and
10:
4449:
1982:Virginia and Albert Museum
1048:
865:Eighth and ninth centuries
838:Fifth to seventh centuries
564:Seventh to ninth centuries
297:Seventh to ninth centuries
79:
4418:Medieval European costume
4374:
4331:
4298:
4267:
4236:
4166:
4103:
4002:
3991:
3928:
3919:History of fashion design
3908:
3849:
3811:
3092:
3054:
2844:
2798:
2781:
2684:Hinton, David A. (1990).
789:Accessories and jewellery
677:Accessories and jewellery
599:and the Frankish Emperor
560:Anglo-Saxon male graves.
301:Along with the spread of
166:fittings and a few pins.
145:The archaeological record
88:Anglo-Saxon migration map
4244:Suffrage Movement period
3079:North Germanic languages
3064:Germanic parent language
2729:. British Museum Press.
2665:Hamerow, Helena (2014).
2585:. Univ of Pennsylvania.
2421:, pp. 409, 412–414.
2325:, pp. 408, 412–414.
2151:, pp. 105, 111–112.
1883:, pp. 195, 199–200.
911:7th Century Anglo-Saxon
849:belt buckle, 7th century
456:Fifth to sixth centuries
190:Fifth to sixth centuries
4433:Early Germanic clothing
3903:of clothing and fashion
3084:West Germanic languages
3074:East Germanic languages
3069:Proto-Germanic language
2889:Proto-Germanic folklore
2826:Romano-Germanic culture
2643:10.1179/007660905x54062
2497:Stoodley, Nick (1999).
2477:Planché, James Robinson
1068:7th century disc brooch
729:Æthelstan presenting a
398:
392:
386:
380:
2707:. Cornell University.
2552:Welch, Martin (2011).
2516:Thomas, Gabor (2011).
1114:
1102:
1086:
1069:
1011:
941:
940:, late Anglo-Saxon era
915:
882:
850:
823:
738:
689:is a very early type.
619:
468:
366:
282:Penelope Walton Rogers
258:
199:
157:
89:
35:
4332:By country and region
2894:Anglo-Saxon mythology
2784:Ethnolinguistic group
2435:Owen-Crocker, Gale R.
2088:, pp. 1991–1993.
1112:
1100:
1084:
1067:
1045:Anglo-Saxon jewellery
1009:
997:Clothing construction
970:, except when saying
936:
910:
872:
845:
832:embroidered with gold
821:
764:Leggings and footwear
728:
658:Leggings and footwear
613:
533:Leggings and footwear
463:
360:
252:
197:
152:
87:
26:
4299:2000–present fashion
2631:Medieval Archaeology
2361:, pp. 267, 277.
1955:, pp. 234, 245.
1820:, pp. 178, 180.
1733:, pp. 119, 126.
1673:, pp. 107, 181.
1649:, pp. 105, 110.
1637:, pp. 201, 203.
1577:, pp. 213, 220.
1391:, pp. 178, 218.
1159:Anglo-Saxon brooches
1118:Jewellery production
124:Anglo-Saxon identity
4423:Anglo-Saxon society
4339:Indian subcontinent
4268:1960s-1990s fashion
3821:Gothic Christianity
2620:Dickinson, Tania M.
2409:, pp. 138–141.
2238:, pp. 213–214.
2226:, pp. 210–211.
2100:, pp. 96, 111.
2064:, pp. 217–218.
1967:, pp. 255–256.
1931:, pp. 233–234.
1907:, pp. 199–200.
1745:, pp. 126–127.
1721:, pp. 82, 123.
1697:, pp. 115–118.
1685:, pp. 112–114.
1661:, pp. 201–203.
1625:, pp. 104–105.
1589:, pp. 213–215.
1541:, pp. 143–144.
1355:, pp. 115–117.
1144:Staffordshire Hoard
952:Staffordshire Hoard
879:New Minster Charter
695:Harford Farm Brooch
363:New Minster Charter
130:Anglo-Saxon England
106:Northwestern Europe
3204:Germani cisrhenani
2912:Funerary practices
2816:Pre-Roman Iron Age
2792:Germanic languages
2457:Owen-Crocker, Gale
2299:Walton-Rogers 2007
2236:Walton-Rogers 2007
2224:Walton-Rogers 2007
2062:Walton-Rogers 2007
1659:Walton-Rogers 2007
1635:Walton-Rogers 2007
1613:, pp. 82, 83.
1488:Walton-Rogers 2007
1464:Walton-Rogers 2007
1452:Walton-Rogers 2007
1428:Walton-Rogers 2007
1389:Walton-Rogers 2007
1365:Walton-Rogers 2007
1223:Walton-Rogers 2007
1115:
1103:
1087:
1070:
1012:
958:Dress and religion
942:
938:The Abingdon Sword
916:
883:
851:
824:
801:Children's costume
739:
708:Anglo-Scandinavian
620:
469:
367:
259:
200:
158:
90:
36:
4405:
4404:
3867:
3866:
3039:Gothic and Vandal
2831:Germanic Iron Age
2806:Nordic Bronze Age
2788:Northern European
2604:. Boydell Press.
2407:Owen-Crocker 2004
2395:Owen-Crocker 2004
2383:Owen-Crocker 2004
2371:Owen-Crocker 2004
2347:Owen-Crocker 2004
2335:Owen-Crocker 2011
2313:, pp. 94–95.
2311:Owen-Crocker 2011
2287:Owen-Crocker 2011
2262:, pp. 51–52.
2212:Owen-Crocker 2004
2200:Owen-Crocker 2004
2185:Owen-Crocker 2004
2173:Owen-Crocker 2004
2149:Owen-Crocker 2011
2137:Owen-Crocker 2004
2125:Owen-Crocker 2004
2113:Owen-Crocker 2004
2098:Owen-Crocker 2011
2074:Owen-Crocker 2004
2038:Owen-Crocker 2004
2026:Owen-Crocker 2004
2014:Owen-Crocker 2004
2002:Owen-Crocker 2004
1965:Owen-Crocker 2004
1953:Owen-Crocker 2004
1941:Owen-Crocker 2004
1929:Owen-Crocker 2004
1917:Owen-Crocker 2004
1905:Owen-Crocker 2004
1881:Owen-Crocker 2004
1869:Owen-Crocker 2004
1857:Owen-Crocker 2004
1842:Owen-Crocker 2004
1830:Owen-Crocker 2004
1818:Owen-Crocker 2004
1806:Owen-Crocker 2004
1794:Owen-Crocker 2004
1782:Owen-Crocker 2004
1770:Owen-Crocker 2011
1755:Owen-Crocker 2004
1743:Owen-Crocker 2004
1731:Owen-Crocker 2004
1719:Owen-Crocker 2004
1707:Owen-Crocker 2004
1695:Owen-Crocker 2004
1683:Owen-Crocker 2004
1671:Owen-Crocker 2004
1647:Owen-Crocker 2004
1623:Owen-Crocker 2004
1611:Owen-Crocker 2004
1599:Owen-Crocker 2004
1587:Owen-Crocker 2004
1575:Owen-Crocker 2004
1563:Owen-Crocker 2004
1539:Owen-Crocker 2004
1527:Owen-Crocker 2004
1512:Owen-Crocker 2011
1500:Owen-Crocker 2004
1476:Owen-Crocker 2004
1440:Owen-Crocker 2004
1418:, pp. 91–93.
1416:Owen-Crocker 2004
1377:Owen-Crocker 2004
1341:Owen-Crocker 2011
1329:Owen-Crocker 2011
1312:Owen-Crocker 2011
1272:Owen-Crocker 2011
1253:Owen-Crocker 2011
1238:Owen-Crocker 2004
1060:Jewellery fashion
704:Strickland Brooch
581:Italian Peninsula
515:Gale Owen-Crocker
331:and a revival of
255:Cædmon Manuscript
179:penannular brooch
39:Anglo-Saxon dress
4440:
4428:English clothing
4151:Directoire style
3997:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3857:
3856:
3813:Christianization
3403:Ripuarian Franks
2775:Germanic peoples
2768:
2761:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2718:
2699:
2680:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2628:
2615:
2596:
2565:
2548:
2529:
2512:
2493:
2472:
2452:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
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2296:
2290:
2284:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
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1815:
1809:
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1797:
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1746:
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1596:
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1455:
1449:
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1401:
1392:
1386:
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1326:
1315:
1309:
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1269:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1195:
814:Dress and status
451:
448:
401:
395:
389:
383:
329:Byzantine Empire
98:Germanic peoples
28:Harold Godwinson
4448:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4370:
4327:
4294:
4263:
4232:
4162:
4099:
3998:
3989:
3924:
3923:
3904:
3898:
3868:
3863:
3845:
3807:
3088:
3050:
3012:Gothic alphabet
2904:Norse mythology
2840:
2794:
2777:
2772:
2737:
2723:Webster, Leslie
2715:
2696:
2677:
2655:
2653:
2626:
2612:
2593:
2572:
2570:Further reading
2545:
2509:
2449:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
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2353:
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2341:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
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1800:
1792:
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1776:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1749:
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1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
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1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
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1462:
1458:
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1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1395:
1387:
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1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1169:Kingston Brooch
1129:
1120:
1062:
1053:
1051:Anglo-Saxon art
1047:
1034:
1010:Horned Soay ram
1004:
999:
960:
905:
896:
867:
840:
816:
803:
791:
770:Bayeux Tapestry
766:
757:
748:
723:
679:
660:
647:
625:
566:
553:
535:
502:
474:
458:
449:
438:
426:
408:
376:
355:
341:
325:Northern Europe
320:
299:
290:
247:
234:Frankish Empire
192:
187:
185:Women's costume
147:
126:
118:Norman Conquest
82:
77:
32:Bayeux Tapestry
17:
12:
11:
5:
4446:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3470:Thracian Goths
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Roman Iron Age
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2736:978-0714128092
2735:
2719:
2714:978-0801479434
2713:
2700:
2695:978-0415188487
2694:
2681:
2676:978-0198723127
2675:
2662:
2637:(1): 109–163.
2616:
2611:978-0851158839
2610:
2597:
2592:978-0812234558
2591:
2577:Carver, Martin
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2549:
2544:978-1902771540
2543:
2530:
2513:
2508:978-1841711171
2507:
2494:
2473:
2453:
2447:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2397:, p. 139.
2387:
2385:, p. 146.
2375:
2373:, p. 143.
2363:
2351:
2349:, p. 141.
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2214:, p. 120.
2204:
2202:, p. 193.
2189:
2187:, p. 244.
2177:
2175:, p. 240.
2165:
2163:, p. 269.
2153:
2141:
2139:, p. 181.
2129:
2127:, p. 199.
2117:
2115:, p. 228.
2102:
2090:
2078:
2076:, p. 266.
2066:
2054:
2052:, p. 108.
2042:
2040:, p. 102.
2030:
2028:, p. 128.
2018:
2016:, p. 251.
2006:
2004:, p. 160.
1994:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1943:, p. 234.
1933:
1921:
1919:, p. 192.
1909:
1897:
1895:, p. 278.
1885:
1873:
1861:
1859:, p. 189.
1846:
1844:, p. 187.
1834:
1832:, p. 168.
1822:
1810:
1808:, p. 178.
1798:
1796:, p. 173.
1786:
1784:, p. 171.
1774:
1772:, p. 111.
1759:
1757:, p. 166.
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1709:, p. 118.
1699:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1601:, p. 217.
1591:
1579:
1567:
1565:, p. 212.
1555:
1553:, p. 277.
1543:
1531:
1516:
1514:, p. 105.
1504:
1492:
1490:, p. 221.
1480:
1478:, p. 182.
1468:
1466:, p. 109.
1456:
1454:, p. 149.
1444:
1432:
1430:, p. 144.
1420:
1408:
1406:, p. 267.
1393:
1381:
1369:
1367:, p. 242.
1357:
1345:
1333:
1331:, p. 101.
1316:
1301:
1276:
1274:, p. 100.
1257:
1242:
1227:
1215:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1061:
1058:
1049:Main article:
1046:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
991:pastoral staff
959:
956:
904:
903:Military dress
901:
895:
892:
866:
863:
839:
836:
815:
812:
802:
799:
790:
787:
765:
762:
756:
753:
747:
744:
722:
719:
711:Ædwen's brooch
678:
675:
667:Banstead Downs
659:
656:
646:
643:
624:
621:
597:Offa of Mercia
565:
562:
552:
549:
534:
531:
501:
498:
473:
470:
466:Thorsberg moor
457:
454:
437:
434:
425:
422:
407:
404:
375:
372:
354:
351:
340:
337:
319:
316:
298:
295:
289:
286:
246:
243:
191:
188:
186:
183:
146:
143:
125:
122:
81:
78:
76:
73:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4445:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4366:Western world
4364:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3860:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Crimean Goths
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3408:Salian Franks
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2846:Early culture
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:. Routledge.
2687:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2448:9781843830818
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2337:, p. 96.
2336:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2289:, p. 93.
2288:
2283:
2281:
2274:, p. 83.
2273:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2250:, p. 41.
2249:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2086:Stoodley 1999
2082:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2050:Stoodley 1999
2046:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1871:, p. 90.
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1529:, p. 83.
1528:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1502:, p. 82.
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1442:, p. 81.
1441:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1385:
1379:, p. 38.
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1353:Stoodley 1999
1349:
1343:, p. 98.
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1314:, p. 95.
1313:
1308:
1306:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1255:, p. 97.
1254:
1249:
1247:
1240:, p. 10.
1239:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1219:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1175:
1174:Fuller Brooch
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1066:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1038:
1032:Manufacturing
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1002:Raw materials
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
964:James Planché
955:
953:
948:
939:
935:
931:
929:
924:
921:
914:
909:
900:
891:
887:
880:
876:
871:
862:
859:
857:
848:
844:
835:
833:
828:
820:
811:
807:
798:
794:
786:
783:
779:
774:
771:
761:
752:
743:
736:
732:
727:
718:
714:
712:
709:
705:
701:
700:Fuller Brooch
696:
692:
691:Disc brooches
688:
683:
674:
672:
668:
663:
655:
651:
642:
639:
634:
630:
629:Franks Casket
617:
616:Franks Casket
612:
608:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
582:
578:
577:Paulus Catena
573:
571:
561:
557:
548:
545:
539:
530:
528:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
467:
462:
453:
450: 200 AD
442:
436:Men's costume
433:
429:
421:
417:
414:
403:
400:
394:
388:
382:
371:
364:
359:
350:
347:
336:
334:
333:Roman culture
330:
326:
315:
313:
308:
304:
294:
285:
283:
278:
276:
270:
269:-style gown.
268:
264:
256:
251:
242:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
219:
215:
210:
208:
207:
196:
182:
180:
174:
172:
167:
164:
156:
155:Milton Keynes
151:
142:
139:
135:
131:
121:
119:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
86:
72:
68:
64:
62:
57:
52:
49:
44:
40:
33:
29:
25:
21:
19:
4009:
3139:Anglo-Saxons
3129:Adrabaecampi
3112:Bucinobantes
2854:Architecture
2726:
2704:
2685:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2634:
2630:
2601:
2581:
2557:
2534:
2521:
2498:
2480:
2464:
2438:
2428:Bibliography
2414:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2301:, p. 9.
2294:
2272:Planché 1879
2267:
2260:Planché 1879
2255:
2248:Planché 1879
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1292:. Retrieved
1288:
1279:
1225:, p. 6.
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1164:Quoit brooch
1121:
1104:
1092:
1088:
1071:
1054:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1013:
976:
961:
943:
925:
919:
917:
897:
888:
884:
878:
860:
852:
829:
825:
808:
804:
795:
792:
775:
767:
758:
755:Main garment
749:
740:
715:
693:such as the
687:quoit brooch
684:
680:
664:
661:
652:
648:
645:Main garment
626:
614:8th century
594:
574:
567:
558:
554:
540:
536:
519:
503:
500:Main garment
494:
475:
443:
439:
430:
427:
418:
413:Near Eastern
409:
406:Main garment
377:
368:
362:
342:
321:
318:Main garment
303:Christianity
300:
291:
279:
271:
266:
262:
260:
245:Main garment
231:
226:
222:
217:
213:
211:
204:
201:
175:
168:
159:
134:Christianity
127:
114:
91:
69:
65:
61:Christianity
53:
43:Anglo-Saxons
38:
37:
20:
18:
4375:By clothing
4038:Western Xia
4028:Jurchen Jin
4010:Anglo-Saxon
4003:Middle Ages
3948:Han Chinese
3579:Nahanarvali
3502:Hilleviones
3415:Frisiavones
3283:Cananefates
3273:Burgundians
3184:Banochaemae
3034:Anglo-Saxon
2985:Anglo-Saxon
2951:Anglo-Saxon
2934:Anglo-Saxon
2917:Anglo-Saxon
2656:28 February
2419:Thomas 2011
2323:Thomas 2011
1987:27 February
1294:28 February
1208:21 February
928:Oxfordshire
746:Overgarment
731:gospel book
623:Overgarment
605:Carolignian
601:Charlemagne
551:Accessories
472:Overgarment
424:Accessories
374:Overgarment
339:Accessories
288:Accessories
100:arrived in
56:grave-goods
48:Anglo-Saxon
4412:Categories
4095:Vietnamese
4053:400s–1000s
3798:Vinoviloth
3586:Marcomanni
3569:Helveconae
3547:Heaðobards
3517:Istvaeones
3507:Ingaevones
3492:Hermunduri
3460:Ostrogoths
3450:Greuthungi
3328:Chattuarii
3154:Angrivarii
3149:Ampsivarii
3117:Lentienses
2946:Literature
2836:Viking Age
2359:Welch 2011
2161:Welch 2011
1893:Welch 2011
1551:Welch 2011
1404:Welch 2011
1181:References
1017:Soay sheep
947:chain mail
847:Sutton Hoo
782:Winchester
570:Sutton Hoo
544:pampooties
275:West Saxon
257:, c. 1000.
4259:1945–1960
4254:1930–1945
4216:Edwardian
4174:Victorian
4146:1795–1820
4141:1775–1795
4136:1750–1775
4131:1700–1750
4126:1650–1700
4121:1600–1650
4116:1550–1600
4111:1500–1550
4090:Tocharian
4015:Byzantine
3793:Vidivarii
3788:Victohali
3778:Vangiones
3711:Thuringii
3616:Nuithones
3512:Irminones
3475:Visigoths
3465:Thervingi
3425:Gambrivii
3378:Dulgubnii
3373:Dauciones
3323:Chasuarii
3263:Brondings
3189:Bastarnae
3179:Baiuvarii
3159:Armalausi
3122:Raetovari
3056:Languages
3024:Symbology
2884:Folklore
2879:Festivals
2651:161851264
2437:(2004) .
1186:Citations
1075:cloisonné
987:dalmatics
877:from the
542:raw-hide
110:North Sea
4397:Swimwear
4361:Thailand
4019:Chinese
3985:Thracian
3970:Biblical
3960:Egyptian
3901:Timeline
3859:Category
3766:Hasdingi
3751:Usipetes
3731:Tubantes
3716:Toxandri
3696:Tencteri
3671:Suarines
3656:Sicambri
3651:Semnones
3631:Reudigni
3601:Mattiaci
3591:Marsacii
3542:Lombards
3532:Lacringi
3527:Juthungi
3358:Corconti
3343:Cherusci
3318:Charudes
3298:Chaedini
3268:Bructeri
3253:Bateinoi
3224:Eburones
3219:Condrusi
3214:Caeroesi
3209:Atuatuci
3144:Ambrones
3107:Brisgavi
3102:Alemanni
2980:Paganism
2869:Clothing
2864:Calendar
2811:Germania
2725:(2016).
2622:(2005).
2579:(1998).
2479:(1879).
2459:(2011).
1127:See also
983:chasuble
735:Cuthbert
490:leggings
486:trousers
346:Amethyst
277:region.
163:European
4085:Ottoman
4049:Europe
4045:English
3930:Ancient
3783:Varisci
3771:Silingi
3761:Vandals
3736:Tulingi
3726:Triboci
3721:Treveri
3701:Teutons
3691:Taifals
3666:Sitones
3606:Nemetes
3564:Helisii
3537:Lemovii
3455:Gutones
3388:Firaesi
3383:Favonae
3363:Cugerni
3353:Cobandi
3308:Chamavi
3303:Chaemae
3293:Casuari
3288:Caritni
3258:Betasii
3229:Paemani
3164:Auiones
3029:Warfare
3007:Scripts
2975:Numbers
2799:History
2562:266–287
2526:266–287
875:Edgar I
633:pleated
590:Aldhelm
527:Garters
307:fashion
238:Anglian
138:Kentish
102:England
80:Periods
4387:Corset
4382:Bikini
4080:Korean
3803:Warini
3756:Vagoth
3741:Tungri
3706:Thelir
3686:Swedes
3681:Sunici
3646:Saxons
3641:Rugini
3574:Manimi
3559:Diduni
3497:Heruli
3435:Gepids
3420:Frisii
3398:Franks
3348:Cimbri
3338:Chauci
3333:Chatti
3246:Nervii
3241:Morini
3199:Belgae
3194:Batavi
3169:Avarpi
3134:Angles
3094:Groups
3044:Viking
2990:Gothic
2968:Gothic
2874:Family
2733:
2711:
2692:
2673:
2649:
2608:
2589:
2541:
2505:
2490:760370
2488:
2469:91–116
2445:
1021:Viking
913:helmet
778:London
733:to St
511:girdle
393:mentel
387:hacele
381:basing
267:peplos
263:peplos
227:peplos
223:peplos
218:peplos
214:peplos
206:peplos
4354:Meiji
4349:Japan
4344:Italy
4316:2020s
4311:2010s
4306:2000s
4290:1990s
4285:1980s
4280:1970s
4275:1960s
4249:1920s
4226:1910s
4221:1900s
4209:1890s
4204:1880s
4199:1870s
4194:1860s
4189:1850s
4184:1840s
4179:1830s
4158:1820s
4073:1400s
4068:1300s
4063:1200s
4058:1100s
3980:Roman
3975:Greek
3965:Inuit
3943:China
3676:Suebi
3661:Sciri
3636:Rugii
3626:Quadi
3611:Njars
3596:Marsi
3554:Lugii
3522:Jutes
3487:Harii
3482:Gutes
3440:Goths
3430:Geats
3368:Danes
3313:Chali
3234:Segni
3174:Baemi
3017:Runes
3002:Rings
2995:Norse
2963:Names
2956:Norse
2939:Norse
2922:Norse
2647:S2CID
2627:(PDF)
2482:Third
979:mitre
968:laity
881:, 966
873:King
737:(934)
482:tunic
478:cloak
365:, 966
312:amber
4392:Hide
4033:Yuan
4023:Liao
3746:Ubii
3393:Fosi
3278:Buri
2731:ISBN
2709:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2671:ISBN
2658:2019
2606:ISBN
2587:ISBN
2539:ISBN
2503:ISBN
2486:OCLC
2443:ISBN
1989:2019
1296:2019
1210:2019
972:mass
702:and
671:York
638:coat
588:and
586:Bede
522:Ovid
507:belt
399:rift
396:and
92:The
3953:Shu
3621:Osi
2929:Law
2859:Art
2786:of
2639:doi
1203:BBC
509:or
128:In
59:to
4414::
2645:.
2635:49
2633:.
2629:.
2279:^
2192:^
2105:^
1980:.
1849:^
1762:^
1519:^
1396:^
1319:^
1304:^
1287:.
1260:^
1245:^
1230:^
1201:.
780:,
673:.
488:,
484:,
480:,
447:c.
390:,
384:,
3893:e
3886:t
3879:v
2906:)
2767:e
2760:t
2753:v
2739:.
2717:.
2698:.
2679:.
2660:.
2641::
2614:.
2595:.
2564:.
2547:.
2528:.
2511:.
2492:.
2471:.
2451:.
1991:.
1298:.
1212:.
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