Aneurysm - Knowledge

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applied. In the same vein, an unhealthy blood vessel has elastic instabilities that lead to rupture. Initially, for a given radius and pressure, stiffness of the material increases linearly. At a certain point, the stiffness of the arterial wall starts to decrease with increasing load. At higher strain values, the area under the curve increases, thus increasing the impact on the material that would promote crack propagation. The differences in the mechanical properties of the aneurysmal blood vessels and the healthy blood vessels stem from the compositional differences of the vessels. Compared to normal aortas, aneurysmal aortas have a much higher volume fraction of collagen and ground substance (54.8% vs. 95.6%) and a much lower volume fraction of elastin (22.7% vs. 2.4%) and smooth muscles (22.6% vs. 2.2%), which contribute to higher initial stiffness. It was also found that the ultimate tensile strength, or the strength to withstand rupture, of aneurysmal vessel wall is 50% lower than that of normal aortas. The wall strength of ruptured aneurysmal aortic wall was also found to be 54.2 N/cm, which is much lower than that of a repaired aorta wall, 82.3 N/cm. Due to the change in composition of the arterial wall, aneurysms overall have much lower strength to resist rupture. Predicting the risk of rupture is difficult due to the regional anisotropy the hardened blood vessels exhibit, meaning that the stress and strength values vary depending on the region and the direction of the vessel they are measured along.

276: 842: 578: 1041:. Some researchers treat blood as a Newtonian fluid instead, as it sometimes has negligible effects to the analysis in large vessels. When analyzing small vessels though, such as those present in intracranial aneurysms. Similarly, sometimes it is difficult to model the varying wall thickness in small vessels, so researchers treat wall thickness as constant. Researchers make these assumptions to reduce computational time. Nonetheless, making erroneous assumptions could lead to a misdiagnosis that could put a patient's life at risk. 824:). Unlike crystalline materials whose linear elastic region follows Hooke's Law under uniaxial loading, many biomaterials exhibit a J-shaped stress-strain curve which is non-linear and concave up. The blood vessel can be under large strain, or the amount of stretch the blood vessel can undergo, for a range of low applied stress before fracture, as shown by the lower part of the curve. The area under the curve up to a given strain is much lower than that for the equivalent Hookean curve, which is correlated to toughness. 569: 1029:. Conversely, another risk of aneurysms is the creation of clots. Aneurysms create a pocket which diverts blood flow. This diverted blood flow creates a vortex inside of the aneurysm. This vortex can lead to areas inside of the aneurysm where the blood flow is stagnant, which promotes formations of clots. Blood clots can dislodge from the aneurysm, which can then lead to an embolism when the clot gets stuck and disrupts blood flow. Model analysis allows these risky aneurysms to be identified and treated. 954: 1025:(CFD) to predict whether an aneurysm is benign or if it is at risk of complication. One risk is rupture. Analyzing the velocity and pressure profiles of the blood flow leads to obtaining the resulting wall shear stress on the vessel and aneurysm wall. The neck of the aneurysm is the most at risk due to the combination of a small wall thickness and high wall shear stress. When the wall shear stress reaches its limit, the aneurysm ruptures, leading to 962:

vascular stumps and then expanded up to the most appropriate diameter and permanently fixed there by external ligature. New devices were recently developed to substitute the external ligature by expandable ring allowing use in acute ascending aorta dissection, providing airtight (i.e. not dependent on the coagulation integrity), easy and quick anastomosis extended to the arch concavity Less invasive endovascular techniques allow covered metallic

228: 1013: 60: 865:(CTA) is an alternative to traditional angiography and can be performed without the need for arterial catheterization. This test combines a regular CT scan with a contrast dye injected into a vein. Once the dye is injected into a vein, it travels to the cerebral arteries, and images are created using a CT scan. These images show exactly how blood flows into the brain arteries. 961:

For aneurysms in the aorta, arms, legs, or head, the weakened section of the vessel may be replaced by a bypass graft that is sutured at the vascular stumps. Instead of sewing, the graft tube ends, made rigid and expandable by nitinol wireframe, can be easily inserted in its reduced diameter into the

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is defined as the amount of energy per unit volume material can absorb before rupturing. Because the amount of energy released is proportional to the amount of crack propagation, the blood vessel wall can withstand pressure and is "tough". Thus, healthy blood vessels with the mechanical properties of

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Thenier-Villa, José Luis; Riveiro Rodríguez, Antonio; Martínez-Rolán, Rosa María; Gelabert-González, Miguel; González-Vargas, Pedro Miguel; Galarraga Campoverde, Raúl Alejandro; Díaz Molina, Jorge; De La Lama Zaragoza, Adolfo; Martínez-Cueto, Pedro; Pou, Juan; Conde Alonso, Cesáreo (1 October 2018).

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a patient's body to create a 3D computer model that possesses the correct geometry. Aneurysms can now be modeled with their distinctive "balloon" shape. Nowadays researchers are optimizing the parameters required to accurately model a patient's aneurysm that will lead to a successful intervention.

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in 1989. It consists of passing a catheter into the femoral artery in the groin, through the aorta, into the brain arteries, and finally into the aneurysm itself. Platinum coils initiate a clotting reaction within the aneurysm that, if successful, fills the aneurysm dome and prevents its rupture. A

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Incidence rates are two to three times higher in males, while there are more large and giant aneurysms and fewer multiple aneurysms. Intracranial hemorrhages are 1.6 times more likely to be due to aneurysms than cerebral arteriovenous malformations in whites, but four times less in certain Asian

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Renal aneurysms are very rare consisting of only 0.1–0.09% while rupture is even more rare. Conservative treatment with control of concomitant hypertension being the primary option with aneurysms smaller than 3 cm. If symptoms occur, or enlargement of the aneurysm, then endovascular or open

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Blood vessels with aneurysms, on the other hand, are under the influence of an S-shaped stress-strain curve. As a visual aid, aneurysms can be understood as a long, cylindrical balloon. Because it's a tight balloon under pressure, it can pop at any time stress beyond a certain force threshold is

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Incidence rates of cranial aneurysms are estimated at between 0.4% and 3.6%. Those without risk factors have expected prevalence of 2–3%. In adults, females are more likely to have aneurysms. They are most prevalent in people ages 35 – 60 but can occur in children as well. Aneurysms are rare in

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infection. Connective tissue disorders such as Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and certain forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are also associated with aneurysms. Aneurysms, dissections, and ruptures in individuals under 40 years of age are a major diagnostic criteria of the vascular form of

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diameter, but involve other geometrical and mechanical nuances such as local thickness and wall stress. In recent years, endovascular or minimally invasive techniques have been developed for many types of aneurysms. Aneurysm clips are used for surgical procedure i.e. clipping of aneurysms.

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Symptoms can occur when the aneurysm pushes on a structure in the brain. Symptoms will depend on whether an aneurysm has ruptured or not. There may be no symptoms present at all until the aneurysm ruptures. For an aneurysm that has not ruptured the following symptoms can occur:

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Aneurysms can also be classified by their macroscopic shapes and sizes and are described as either saccular or fusiform. The shape of an aneurysm is not specific for a specific disease. The size of the base or neck is useful in determining the chance of for example

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is an aneurysm that results from an infectious process that involves the arterial wall. A person with a mycotic aneurysm has a bacterial infection in the wall of an artery, resulting in the formation of an aneurysm. One of the causes of mycotic aneurysms is

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Aneurysmal blood vessels are prone to rupture under normal blood pressure and flow due to the special mechanical properties that make them weaker. To better understand this phenomenon, we can first look at healthy arterial vessels which exhibit

764:. The most common locations include arteries in the abdomen, thigh, neck, and arm. A mycotic aneurysm can result in sepsis, or life-threatening bleeding if the aneurysm ruptures. Less than 3% of abdominal aortic aneurysms are mycotic aneurysms. 243:

Saccular aneurysms, or "berry" aneurysms, are spherical in shape and involve only a portion of the vessel wall; they usually range from 5 to 20 cm (2.0 to 7.9 in) in diameter, and are often filled, either partially or fully, by a

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Cronenwett JL, Murphy TF, Zelenock GB, Whitehouse WM, Lindenauer SM, Graham LM, Quint LE, Silver TM, Stanley JC (September 1985). "Actuarial analysis of variables associated with rupture of small abdominal aortic aneurysms".

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Fusiform aneurysms ("spindle-shaped" aneurysms) are variable in both their diameter and length; their diameters can extend up to 20 cm (7.9 in). They often involve large portions of the ascending and transverse

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Modeling of aneurysms consists of creating a 3D model that mimics a particular aneurysm. Using patient data for the blood velocity, and blood pressure, along with the geometry of the aneurysm, researchers can apply

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Lysyl oxidases : cloning and characterization of the fourth and the fifth human lysyl oxidase isoenzymes, and the consequences of a targeted inactivaton of the first described lysyl oxidase isoenzyme in

109:. As an aneurysm increases in size, the risk of rupture, which leads to uncontrolled bleeding, increases. Although they may occur in any blood vessel, particularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the 1961:

Byers PH. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. 1999 Sep 2 . In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® . Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2020. Available from:

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Uflacker R. Interventional management of visceral artery aneurysms. In: Strandness DE, ed. Vascular Diseases: Surgical & Interventional Therapy. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:823–844.

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Most patients, particularly infants, present with subarachnoid hemorrhage and corresponding headaches or neurological deficits. The mortality rate for pediatric aneurysms is lower than in adults.

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is around 2 cm), or more than 50% of normal diameter that of a healthy individual of the same sex and age. If the outer diameter exceeds 5.5 cm, the aneurysm is considered to be large.

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Raja PV, Huang J, Germanwala AV, Gailloud P, Murphy KP, Tamargo RJ (June 2008). "Microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms: a critical review of the literature".

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In the past, aneurysms were modeled as rigid spheres with linear inlets and outlets. As technology advances, the ability to detect and analyze aneurysms becomes easier. Researchers are able to

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Abdominal aortic aneurysms are commonly divided according to their size and symptomatology. An aneurysm is usually defined as an outer aortic diameter over 3 cm (normal diameter of the

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children with a reported prevalence of .5% to 4.6%. The most common incidence is among 50-year-olds, and there are typically no warning signs. Most aneurysms develop after the age of 40.

604:. A segment of the aorta that is found to be greater than 50% larger than that of a healthy individual of the same sex and age is considered aneurysmal. Abdominal aneurysms are usually 807:, a key component in vessel walls. Copper deficiency results in vessel wall thinning, and thus has been noted as a cause of death in copper-deficient humans, chickens, and turkeys. 992:

Pediatric aneurysms have different incidences and features than adult aneurysms. Intracranial aneurysms are rare in childhood, with over 95% of all aneurysms occurring in adults.

200:, is a collection of blood leaking completely out of an artery or vein but confined next to the vessel by the surrounding tissue. This blood-filled cavity will eventually either 1578:"A Cough Deteriorating Gross Hematuria: A Clinical Sign of a Forthcoming Life-Threatening Rupture of an Intraparenchymal Aneurysm of Renal Artery (Wunderlich's Syndrome)" 908:: surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. There is currently debate in the medical literature about which treatment is most appropriate given particular situations. 742:

Aneurysms form for a variety of interacting reasons. Multiple factors, including factors affecting a blood vessel wall and the blood through the vessel, contribute.

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Juvela S, Porras M, Poussa K (May 2008). "Natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: probability of and risk factors for aneurysm rupture".

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to expose the aneurysm and closing the base or neck of the aneurysm with a clip. The surgical technique has been modified and improved over the years.

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Schorn B, Falk V, Dalichau H, et al. (1997). "Kidney salvage in a case of ruptured renal artery aneurysm: case report and literature review".

2874:"Expandable device type III for easy and reliable approximation of dissection layers in sutureless aortic anastomosis. Ex vivo experimental study" 2833:"Expandable device type III for easy and reliable approximation of dissection layers in sutureless aortic anastomosis. Ex vivo experimental study" 1016:

Vortex formation inside an aneurysm. 1- Blood flow inlet. 2- Vortex formation inside aneurysm. Velocity at center is near zero. 3- Blood flow exit

1975: 3256:"Application of Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics in Coronary and Intra-Cardiac Flow Simulations: Challenges and Opportunities" 2292:

Tilson MD (September 1982). "Decreased hepatic copper levels. A possible chemical marker for the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms in man".

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Senapati A, Carlsson LK, Fletcher CD, Browse NL, Thompson RP (May 1985). "Is tissue copper deficiency associated with aortic aneurysms?".

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Sarrami-Foroushani, Ali; Lassila, Toni; Hejazi, Seyed Mostafa; Nagaraja, Sanjoy; Bacon, Andrew; Frangi, Alejandro F. (25 June 2019).

248:.Saccular aneurysms have a "neck" that connects the aneurysm to its main ("parent") artery, a larger, rounded area, called the dome. 3607: 2061: 4655: 2491:

Thubrikar MJ, Labrosse M, Robicsek F, Al-Soudi J, Fowler B (2001). "Mechanical properties of abdominal aortic aneurysm wall".

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Currie S, Mankad K, Goddard A (January 2011). "Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: review of current practice".

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Cross-section of an arterial aneurysm, showing most of the area consisting of organized mural thrombus (tan-brown area)

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Li JW, Wang SM, Chen XD (August 2004). "Management of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm due to addictive drug injection".

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Ruptured 7 mm left vertebral artery aneurysm resulting in a subarachnoid hemorrhage as seen on a CT scan with contrast

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repair should be considered. Pregnant women (due to high rupture risk of up to 80%) should be treated surgically.

4861: 4705: 4008: 3869: 3363:"Hemodynamic Changes in the Treatment of Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study". 1173: 1037:

Current modeling is not able to take into account all variables though. For example, blood is considered to be a

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the J-shaped stress-strain curve have greater stability against aneurysms than materials with linear elasticity.

275: 4327: 3315:"An impact of non-Newtonian blood viscosity on hemodynamics in a patient-specific model of a cerebral aneurysm" 1576:

Anastasiou I, Katafigiotis I, Pournaras C, Fragkiadis E, Leotsakos I, Mitropoulos D, Constantinides CA (2013).

1055: 853:(CT) scan. If the CT scan is negative but a ruptured aneurysm is still suspected based on clinical findings, a 749:, further weakening the vessel wall. Without treatment, these aneurysms will ultimately progress and rupture. 5060: 4866: 4139: 3158:"Three-dimensional finite volume modelling of blood flow in simulated angular neck abdominal aortic aneurysm" 1493:"Mechanical and geometrical determinants of wall stress in abdominal aortic aneurysms: A computational study" 712: 360: 318: 2038:

Author: Jonathan L Brisman. Coauthors: Emad Soliman, Abraham Kader, Norvin Perez. Updated: 23 September 2010

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Diagnosis of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm is commonly made by finding signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage on a

193:(aneurysms that involve all layers of the attenuated wall of the heart are also considered true aneurysms). 4725: 4444: 4364: 4069: 1022: 3254:

Zhong, Liang; Zhang, Jun-Mei; Su, Boyang; Tan, Ru San; Allen, John C.; Kassab, Ghassan S. (26 June 2018).

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wall. Aneurysms may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a

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Angiography of an aneurysm in a brain artery. The aneurysm is the large bulge in the center of the image.

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to being found incidentally on X-ray. Symptoms will differ by the site of the aneurysm and can include:

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died of a brain aneurysm at his daughter's wedding, hosted at his theme park, Blackpool Pleasure Beach.

1161: 1069: 601: 287: 3109:"Finite element model of size, shape and blood pressure on rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms" 873:

Historically, the treatment of arterial aneurysms has been limited to either surgical intervention or

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Vu, K; Kaitoukov, Y; Morin-Roy, F; Kauffmann, C; Tang, A; Giroux, C; Therasse, E; Soulez, G (2014).

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died from an aortic rupture in the abdominal area days after having undergone apparently successful

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Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. (September 2006).

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had an aneurysm in 1989 and has worn a batting helmet on the field all of his career since then.

4597: 4580: 4575: 4565: 4406: 4342: 3984: 3885: 2373: 1923: 1684: 1652: 919: 899: 761: 3842: 841: 5055: 4784: 4602: 4347: 4206: 4198: 4166: 4053: 3361: 1714: 1061: 395: 190: 126: 4640: 3173: 2877: 2544:"Rupture signs on computed tomography, treatment, and outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysms" 2137: 1915: 1676: 1058:, had two brain aneurysms in 1988. He recovered after successful surgeries to correct them. 4815: 4516: 4511: 4315: 4107: 3681: 3625: 3326: 3169: 3120: 1504: 929: 592:

Abdominal aortic aneurysm involves a regional dilation of the aorta and is diagnosed using

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Rucker RB, Kosonen T, Clegg MS, Mitchell AE, Rucker BR, Uriu-Hare JY, Keen CL (May 1998).

1889: 568: 384:, which may suddenly grow larger and darker and become blue-black or black as a result of 8: 5078: 4956: 4894: 4805: 4592: 4359: 3791: 3182: 3157: 3133: 3108: 2329:"Copper salts for growth stimulation and alleviation of aortic rupture losses in turkeys" 2305: 1038: 858: 676: 597: 577: 459: 261: 3330: 3124: 3043:

Lumsden AB, Salam TA, Walton KG (1996). "Renal artery an?eurysm: a report of 28 cases".

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to be inserted through the arteries of the leg and deployed across the aneurysm.

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https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-infected-mycotic-arterial-aneurysm

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A true aneurysm is one that involves all three layers of the wall of an artery (

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A minority of aneurysms are associated with genetic factors. Examples include:

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Tham G, Ekelund L, Herrlin K, Lindstedt EL, Olin T, Bergentz SE (March 1983).

2917: 2849: 2832: 2760: 2646:"History of endovascular endosaccular occlusion of brain aneurysms: 1965–1990" 2559: 2504: 149:: ἀνεύρυσμα, aneurysma, "dilation", from ἀνευρύνειν, aneurynein, "to dilate". 5098: 4411: 4074: 3441: 3384: 3348: 3281: 3272: 3232: 3191: 3142: 3082: 2743: 2710: 2512: 2469: 2185: 2168: 1428: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1139: 1065: 942: 797: 4238: 3781: 1135: 398:, also known as intracranial or brain aneurysms, occur most commonly in the 4552: 4464: 4279: 3969: 3912: 3459: 3392: 3299: 3240: 2926: 2858: 2817: 2769: 2728: 2679: 2630: 2577: 2520: 2477: 2262: 2122: 2104: 2022: 1874: 1831: 1790: 1613: 1536: 1436: 1401: 1374: 1347:

Norwood MG, Lloyd GM, Moore S, Patel N, Panditi S, Sayers RD (April 2004).

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that punctures the artery, such as knife and bullet wounds, as a result of

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Kent KC (November 2014). "Clinical practice. Abdominal aortic aneurysms".

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Azar D, Ohadi D, Rachev A, Eberth JF, Uline MJ, Shazly T (February 2018).

1268: 4617: 4013: 3837: 2400:"The composition and mechanical properties of abdominal aortic aneurysms" 2354: 2210:"Lysyl oxidase: properties, regulation and multiple functions in biology" 1575: 1157: 1097: 963: 648: 253: 204:(clot) enough to seal the leak or rupture out of the surrounding tissue. 3414:

Sforza, Daniel M.; Putman, Christopher M.; Cebral, Juan R. (June 2012).

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The pressure of blood within the expanding aneurysm may also injure the

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Aneurysm presentation may range from life-threatening complications of

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International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering

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a J-shaped stress-strain curve with high strength and high toughness

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but in rare cases can cause lower back pain or lower limb ischemia.

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology = Zhonghua Chuang Shang Za Zhi

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Algabri, Y. A.; Rookkapan, S.; Chatpun, S. (September 2017).

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The large vessels such as external and internal jugular veins

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http://ijomcr.net/saccular-aneurysm-of-external-jugularvein/

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had an aneurysm and missed most of the 1996 baseball season.

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Specific infective causes associated with aneurysm include:

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Lindholt JS, Juul S, Fasting H, Henneberg EW (April 2005).

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Aneurysms are classified by type, morphology, or location.

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Aluffi A, Berti A, Buniva P, Rescigno G, Nazari S (2002).

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or arterial grafting, or use of an artery for injection.

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

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Vorp, David A.; Geest, Jonathan P. Vande (August 2005).

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Schueler SJ, Beckett JH, Gettings S (13 November 2011).

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Schueler SJ, Beckett JH, Gettings DS (18 August 2010).

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died from a ruptured aneurysm in his abdomen at age 52.

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Guenthner E, Carlson CW, Emerick RJ (September 1978).

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James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).

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died from an aneurysm in his brain's right hemisphere.

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European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

1349:"The changing face of femoral artery false aneurysms" 733:, secondary to congenital arteriovenous malformations 572:

Illustration depicting location of abdominal aneurysm

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Liepsch, D.; Sindeev, S.; Frolov, S. (August 2018).

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Aneurysms can also be classified by their location:

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Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology

1414: 3697:"Report: Isabel Granada in coma in Qatar hospital" 3413: 3042: 2949: 2448:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2000: 1949:Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders 133:and atrial septal aneurysms. There are congenital 3466: 3416:"Computational fluid dynamics in brain aneurysms" 1963:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK1494/ 5096: 3587:"US Diplomat Holbrooke dies after tearing arota" 2207: 1909: 1907: 1810:Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 1295:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. 3253: 2905:Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 2837:Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 2748:Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 2093:Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 2087:Paulo N, Cascarejo J, Vouga L (February 2012). 1846: 796:, which results in a decreased activity of the 376:Capillary aneurysms are flesh-colored solitary 3102: 3100: 1918:Davidson's principles and practice of medicine 1887: 1122:died from a ruptured aneurysm within his neck. 904:There are currently two treatment options for 4656: 3870: 3750:Brain aneurysm and percent packing calculator 2945: 2943: 1904: 1649:International Journal of Medical Case Reports 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 2484: 2437: 2435: 2398:He, Chang M.; Roach, Margot R. (July 1994). 2089:"Syphilitic aneurysm of the ascending aorta" 1750: 1748: 1206:died from a brain aneurysm in December 2022. 1094:whilst filming a football television series. 721:autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 588:Abdominal aneurysm § Signs and symptoms 3684:. people.com. 18 September 2003. p. 2. 3106: 3097: 2693:Lv X, Yang H, Liu P, Li Y (February 2016). 2692: 2368: 2366: 2364: 1914:Walker BR, Colledge NR, Ralston SH (2010). 1708: 1706: 1704: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 366:The legs, including the popliteal arteries. 160: 4663: 4649: 4450:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency 3877: 3863: 3624: 2940: 2876:. Icvts.ctsnetjournals.org. Archived from 2871: 2783: 2208:Smith-Mungo LI, Kagan HM (February 1998). 2173:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1620: 1387: 1305: 1275: 1188:had a brain aneurysm in 2015 and survived. 611: 58: 3653: 3449: 3338: 3289: 3271: 3222: 3181: 3132: 3010: 2916: 2848: 2807: 2759: 2718: 2669: 2643: 2567: 2459: 2441: 2432: 2415: 2344: 2225: 2184: 2112: 1821: 1780: 1745: 1603: 1593: 1526: 1516: 1364: 1323: 1212:died from a brain aneurysm in March 2023. 747:blood vessels supplying the artery itself 2361: 1719:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 56. 1701: 1477: 1194:died from a brain aneurysm in July 2020. 1154:died in 1974 as a result of an aneurysm. 1011: 957:Endovascular stent and endovascular coil 952: 948: 857:can be performed to detect blood in the 840: 575: 567: 274: 226: 3695:Roxas, Patricia Ann (25 October 2017). 2397: 1797: 932:was introduced by Italian neurosurgeon 539:For a ruptured aneurysm, symptoms of a 185:, and congenital aneurysms, as well as 5097: 3605: 2898: 2830: 2741: 2291: 1457: 1234:Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery 987: 945:can be used, but risks complications. 792:A minority of aneurysms are caused by 4644: 4222:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 3858: 3723:"Isabel Granada passes away in Qatar" 3694: 3564: 3319:Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3113:Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1733:from the original on 8 September 2017 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1408: 1290: 1200:had a brain aneurysm in January 2021. 635:Risk factors for an aneurysm include 563: 493: 101:(starting point) for clot formation ( 4915:Partial anterior circulation infarct 4227:Generalized essential telangiectasia 3526: 3472: 2306:10.1001/archsurg.1982.01380330070017 2135: 2129: 1852: 1712: 1675:Christianto B. Lumenta, ed. (2010). 1555:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library 1312:Canadian Medical Association Journal 505: 429:>2.0 cm and <3.0 cm 419:Abdominal aorta size classification 3720: 1946: 1855:The New England Journal of Medicine 1458:Perrin, Michel (17 February 2010). 323:aneurysms following cardiac surgery 16:Bulge in the wall of a blood vessel 13: 4910:Total anterior circulation infarct 4711:Posterior cerebral artery syndrome 2911:(2). Fondazionecarrel.org: 161–4. 2754:(2). Fondazionecarrel.org: 161–4. 2623:10.1227/01.neu.0000333291.67362.0b 2617:(6): 1187–202, discussion 1202–3. 2461:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174129.77391.55 1823:10.1097/01.RVI.0000240426.53079.46 1657: 1630:. (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 588. 1306:Baird RJ, Doran ML (August 1964). 774:also manifests as aneurysm of the 737: 726:Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms 302:, with arterial being more common. 14: 5121: 4701:Anterior cerebral artery syndrome 3743: 3630:"Chamberlin, Donald oral history" 1947:Manasco, Hunter. "The Aphasias". 1582:Case Reports in Vascular Medicine 995: 699:infectious intracranial aneurysms 207:Pseudoaneurysms can be caused by 152: 5084:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 4377:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 3003:10.1097/00000658-198303000-00016 1683:. Heidelberg: Springer. p. 1044: 137:aneurysms, a rare heart defect. 4862:Anterior spinal artery syndrome 4706:Middle cerebral artery syndrome 3714: 3688: 3674: 3654:Considine B (4 February 2008). 3647: 3599: 3579: 3546: 3494: 3407: 3355: 3340:10.1088/1742-6596/1084/1/012001 3306: 3247: 3198: 3149: 3071: 3036: 3027: 2978: 2892: 2865: 2824: 2735: 2686: 2637: 2602: 2584: 2535: 2391: 2320: 2285: 2242: 2201: 2160: 2080: 2053: 2041: 2029: 1994: 1967: 1955: 1940: 1881: 1716:Critical Care Ultrasound E-Book 1641: 1569: 1543: 1160:died in 2003 of a misdiagnosed 978: 893: 877:in combination with control of 863:Computed tomography angiography 664:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS). 659:, increasing age, and tertiary 630: 576: 4328:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease 3224:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.04.045 3183:10.1088/1757-899X/243/1/012003 3134:10.1088/1742-6596/893/1/012054 2644:Guglielmi G (September 2007). 2251:The British Journal of Surgery 1451: 1381: 1340: 1299: 1247: 1222: 778:, which is due to loss of the 417: 1: 4867:Vertebrobasilar insufficiency 4140:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva 3994:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis 3529:"Ball dies of ruptured aorta" 3081:. Bafound.org. Archived from 2964:10.1016/s0967-2109(95)00041-0 2796:Texas Heart Institute Journal 2650:Interventional Neuroradiology 2227:10.1016/s0945-053x(98)90012-9 2036:emedicine – Cerebral Aneurysm 1976:"Berry Aneurysm in the Brain" 1216: 1138:died from an aneurysm due to 713:anterior communicating artery 559:Pain above or behind the eyes 319:aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva 222: 4445:Chronic venous insufficiency 4070:Aortoiliac occlusive disease 3057:10.1016/0967-2109(96)82312-X 2417:10.1016/0741-5214(94)90169-4 2050:(Retrieved 8 September 2021) 1901:Last updated: 27 March 2017. 1551:"Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms" 1518:10.1371/journal.pone.0192032 1417:Postgraduate Medical Journal 1182:died of an aneurysm in 1997. 1170:died of a cerebral aneurysm. 1078:died of a cerebral aneurysm. 1023:computational fluid dynamics 868: 836: 810: 215:surgical procedures such as 140: 7: 4460:Inferior vena cava syndrome 4455:Superior vena cava syndrome 4182:Vertebral artery dissection 4172:Intracranial berry aneurysm 3658:. today.com. Archived from 2404:Journal of Vascular Surgery 2015:10.3171/JNS/2008/108/5/1052 1773:10.1136/bmj.38369.620162.82 1007: 900:Cerebral aneurysm treatment 881:. At least, in the case of 582:3D model of aortic aneurism 267: 260:, or, less frequently, the 10: 5126: 4836:Cerebellar stroke syndrome 4769:Lateral medullary syndrome 4561:Hypertensive heart disease 4212:Arteriovenous malformation 4187:Familial aortic dissection 3377:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.009 2831:Nazari S (February 2010). 2699:The Neuroradiology Journal 2662:10.1177/159101990701300301 1464:Servier – Phlebolymphology 1366:10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.01.001 1162:thoracic aortic dissection 1070:dissecting aortic aneurysm 922:in 1937. It consists of a 897: 626:Signs of hypovolemic shock 602:magnetic resonance imaging 585: 509: 479:Diameter 12 to 18 mm 361:Charcot–Bouchard aneurysms 342:abdominal aortic aneurysms 288:venous valve insufficiency 177:). True aneurysms include 123:abdominal aortic aneurysms 25: 18: 5071: 5061:Charcot–Bouchard aneurysm 5046: 5026: 5008: 4990: 4964: 4955: 4925: 4905:Transient ischemic attack 4882: 4872:Subclavian steal syndrome 4844: 4826: 4764:Medial medullary syndrome 4754:Brainstem stroke syndrome 4744: 4691: 4682: 4616: 4586:Renovascular hypertension 4551: 4542: 4529:Hepatic artery thrombosis 4477: 4437: 4392: 4296: 4278: 4269: 4237: 4197: 4177:Carotid artery dissection 4130:Abdominal aortic aneurysm 4102: 4062: 4039: 3980:Intermittent claudication 3950: 3943:Peripheral artery disease 3941: 3911: 3893: 3828: 3758: 3606:Wright J (9 April 2012). 2918:10.1510/icvts.2009.216291 2850:10.1510/icvts.2009.216291 2761:10.1510/icvts.2009.216291 2560:10.1007/s13244-014-0327-3 2505:10.1080/03091900110057806 2146:. Oulu: Oulun yliopisto. 1816:(9): 1383–97, quiz 1398. 1090:died in 1995 following a 883:abdominal aortic aneurysm 617:Flank pain and tenderness 338:thoracic aortic aneurysms 311:coronary artery aneurysms 71: 66: 57: 49: 44: 21:Aneurysm (disambiguation) 4943:Transient global amnesia 4790:Lateral pontine syndrome 4726:Dejerine–Roussy syndrome 4672:Cerebrovascular diseases 4571:Hypertensive nephropathy 4384:Post-thrombotic syndrome 4365:Paget–Schroetter disease 4157:Coronary artery aneurysm 4135:Thoracic aortic aneurysm 3682:"John Ritter: 1948–2003" 3527:Ball L (27 April 1989). 3473:Ball L (27 April 1989). 3273:10.3389/fphys.2018.00742 2711:10.1177/1971400915621321 1978:. freemd. Archived from 1429:10.1136/pgmj.2010.105387 1130:thoracic aortic aneurysm 969: 400:anterior cerebral artery 161:True and false aneurysms 26:Not to be confused with 5034:Intracranial hemorrhage 4852:Carotid artery stenosis 4781:Medial pontine syndrome 4626:Orthostatic hypotension 4608:White coat hypertension 4085:Fibromuscular dysplasia 4049:Carotid artery stenosis 3721:ALG (5 November 2017). 3641:Computer History Museum 3637:Oral history collection 3260:Frontiers in Physiology 3211:Journal of Biomechanics 3174:2017MS&E..243a2003A 2179:(5 Suppl): 996S–1002S. 2003:Journal of Neurosurgery 1890:"Iliac artery aneurysm" 1293:Robbins basic pathology 1092:subarachnoid hemorrhage 1027:intracranial hemorrhage 675:infection resulting in 612:Renal (kidney) aneurysm 541:subarachnoid hemorrhage 413: 408:internal carotid artery 402:, which is part of the 189:that follow transmural 117:affecting the thoracic 4598:Pulmonary hypertension 4581:Secondary hypertension 4576:Essential hypertension 4566:Hypertensive emergency 4407:Portacaval anastomosis 4343:Portal vein thrombosis 3985:Critical limb ischemia 3886:Cardiovascular disease 2263:10.1002/bjs.1800720507 2186:10.1093/ajcn/67.5.996S 1651:Vol 3 Iss. 4, pp. 1–4 1017: 958: 920:Johns Hopkins Hospital 846: 762:infective endocarditis 583: 573: 556:Neck pain or stiffness 291: 282:of an aneurysm of the 232: 191:myocardial infarctions 5056:Intracranial aneurysm 4845:Extracranial arteries 4603:Systolic hypertension 4348:Renal vein thrombosis 4207:Arteriovenous fistula 4199:Vascular malformation 4167:Intracranial aneurysm 4054:Renal artery stenosis 1867:10.1056/NEJMcp1401430 1713:Lumb, Philip (2014). 1291:Kumar V, ed. (2007). 1106:died from a repaired 1015: 956: 949:Aortic and peripheral 844: 690:Rasmussen's aneurysms 581: 571: 487:Diameter ≥18 mm 471:Diameter ≤12 mm 315:ventricular aneurysms 278: 230: 196:A false aneurysm, or 187:ventricular aneurysms 4992:Cerebral/Intra-axial 4938:Binswanger's disease 4517:Paradoxical embolism 4512:Cholesterol embolism 4338:May–Thurner syndrome 4333:Budd–Chiari syndrome 4316:Deep vein thrombosis 4311:primarily lower limb 4090:Raynaud's phenomenon 2880:on 30 September 2011 2598:. 18 September 2016. 2105:10.1093/icvts/ivr067 1888:Melissa L Kirkwood. 1308:"The False Aneurysm" 930:Endovascular coiling 655:, high cholesterol, 284:great saphenous vein 238:endovascular coiling 217:coronary angiography 19:For other uses, see 5079:Cerebral vasculitis 4957:Haemorrhagic stroke 4895:Cerebral infarction 4593:Benign hypertension 3595:. 14 December 2010. 3575:. 11 November 1970. 3331:2018JPhCS1084a2001L 3125:2017JPhCS.893a2054R 2899:Nazari, S. (2010). 2742:Nazari, S. (2010). 2294:Archives of Surgery 1595:10.1155/2013/452317 1509:2018PLoSO..1392032A 1054:, who later became 1039:non-Newtonian fluid 988:Pediatric aneurysms 859:cerebrospinal fluid 851:computed tomography 820:(for a biomaterial 770:The third stage of 677:syphilitic aortitis 598:computed tomography 460:common iliac artery 420: 5018:Duret haemorrhages 4507:Pulmonary embolism 4417:Esophageal varices 4355:upper limb / torso 3999:Arteriolosclerosis 3829:External resources 3662:on 5 December 2014 3626:Chamberlin, Donald 3558:The New York Times 3508:on 6 November 2012 3365:World Neurosurgery 2378:www.doitpoms.ac.uk 2346:10.3382/ps.0571313 2062:"Mycotic Aneurysm" 1460:"Venous aneurysms" 1164:(aortic aneurysm). 1018: 959: 914:was introduced by 847: 790:Copper deficiency. 719:, associated with 584: 574: 564:Abdominal aneurysm 524:Loss of perception 494:Signs and symptoms 462:is classified as: 445:>5.0 or 5.5 cm 418: 396:Cerebral aneurysms 353:cerebral aneurysms 292: 233: 5110:Vascular diseases 5092: 5091: 5042: 5041: 4951: 4950: 4816:Claude's syndrome 4811:Benedikt syndrome 4638: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4478:Arteries or veins 4473: 4472: 4298:Venous thrombosis 4265: 4264: 4247:Cherry hemangioma 4147:Aortic dissection 4098: 4097: 3933:Buerger's disease 3852: 3851: 3533:Los Angeles Times 2991:Annals of Surgery 2493:J Med Eng Technol 1933:978-0-7020-3085-7 1694:978-3-540-79564-3 1557:. 16 October 2020 1174:Geoffrey Thompson 1126:Richard Holbrooke 1120:Charles de Gaulle 1114:Thomas Mikal Ford 912:Surgical clipping 794:copper deficiency 784:tunica adventitia 731:Cirsoid aneurysms 657:copper deficiency 512:Cerebral aneurysm 506:Cerebral aneurysm 500:hypovolemic shock 491: 490: 449: 448: 382:intradermal nevus 145:The word is from 129:, including both 83: 82: 39:Medical condition 5117: 5000:Intraventricular 4962: 4961: 4806:Weber's syndrome 4731:Watershed stroke 4721:Moyamoya disease 4689: 4688: 4684:Ischaemic stroke 4665: 4658: 4651: 4642: 4641: 4549: 4548: 4360:Mondor's disease 4303:Thrombophlebitis 4276: 4275: 3952:Arteriosclerosis 3948: 3947: 3909: 3908: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3856: 3855: 3756: 3755: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3634: 3628:(21 July 2009). 3622: 3616: 3615: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3560:. 19 April 1955. 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3504:. Archived from 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3453: 3434:10.1002/cnm.1481 3428:(6–7): 801–808. 3411: 3405: 3404: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3342: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3293: 3275: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3226: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3185: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3136: 3104: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3014: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2947: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2920: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2872:Stefano Nazari. 2869: 2863: 2862: 2852: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2811: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2763: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2722: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2673: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2571: 2548:Insights Imaging 2539: 2533: 2532: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2463: 2454:(8): 1558–1566. 2439: 2430: 2429: 2419: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2370: 2359: 2358: 2348: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2229: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2188: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2145: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2116: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2068:on 12 March 2016 2064:. Archived from 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2026: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1982:on 12 March 2016 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1921: 1911: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1825: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1784: 1752: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1710: 1699: 1698: 1682: 1672: 1655: 1647:Avinash P Mural 1645: 1639: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1607: 1597: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1530: 1520: 1488: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1368: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1327: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1273: 1272: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1226: 1152:Raymond F. Boyce 1146:Stuart Sutcliffe 875:watchful waiting 819: 757:mycotic aneurysm 717:circle of Willis 695:Brain infections 580: 547:Severe headaches 465: 464: 437:3.0–5.0 cm 421: 404:circle of Willis 380:, resembling an 334:aortic aneurysms 115:aortic aneurysms 111:circle of Willis 78:Vascular surgery 62: 42: 41: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5105:Gross pathology 5095: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5067: 5038: 5022: 5004: 4986: 4947: 4921: 4878: 4840: 4822: 4740: 4716:Amaurosis fugax 4678: 4669: 4639: 4630: 4612: 4538: 4495:Microangiopathy 4490:Macroangiopathy 4469: 4433: 4402:Gastric varices 4388: 4301: 4292: 4261: 4233: 4193: 4125:Aortic aneurysm 4111: 4094: 4080:Erythromelalgia 4058: 4035: 3960:Atherosclerosis 3937: 3901: 3889: 3883: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3824: 3823: 3767: 3746: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3719: 3715: 3705: 3703: 3693: 3689: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3652: 3648: 3632: 3623: 3619: 3604: 3600: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3480:Chicago Tribune 3471: 3467: 3412: 3408: 3360: 3356: 3311: 3307: 3252: 3248: 3203: 3199: 3154: 3150: 3105: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3045:Cardiovasc Surg 3041: 3037: 3032: 3028: 2983: 2979: 2952:Cardiovasc Surg 2948: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2870: 2866: 2829: 2825: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2740: 2736: 2691: 2687: 2642: 2638: 2607: 2603: 2592:"Aneurysm Clip" 2590: 2589: 2585: 2540: 2536: 2489: 2485: 2440: 2433: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2372: 2371: 2362: 2333:Poultry Science 2325: 2321: 2290: 2286: 2247: 2243: 2206: 2202: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2143: 2136:Mäki J (2002). 2134: 2130: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2058: 2054: 2046: 2042: 2034: 2030: 1999: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1912: 1905: 1894: 1892: 1886: 1882: 1861:(22): 2101–08. 1851: 1847: 1802: 1798: 1753: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1727: 1711: 1702: 1695: 1673: 1658: 1646: 1642: 1625: 1621: 1574: 1570: 1560: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1503:(2): e0192032. 1489: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1456: 1452: 1423:(1023): 41–50. 1413: 1409: 1386: 1382: 1345: 1341: 1304: 1300: 1289: 1276: 1252: 1248: 1238: 1236: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1204:Jovit Baldivino 1108:aortic aneurysm 1104:Albert Einstein 1047: 1010: 998: 990: 981: 972: 951: 934:Guido Guglielmi 906:brain aneurysms 902: 896: 871: 855:lumbar puncture 839: 817: 813: 740: 738:Pathophysiology 709:Berry aneurysms 681:aortic aneurysm 633: 614: 594:ultrasonography 590: 566: 532:Speech problems 528:Loss of balance 514: 508: 496: 442:Large or severe 426:mild dilatation 425: 416: 357:berry aneurysms 280:Ultrasonography 270: 258:abdominal aorta 225: 179:atherosclerotic 163: 155: 143: 40: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5123: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5052: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4996: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4900:Classification 4897: 4892: 4890:Brain ischemia 4886: 4884: 4883:Classification 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4832: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4794:Millard-Gubler 4787: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4756: 4750: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4736:Lacunar stroke 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4695: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4668: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4546: 4544:Blood pressure 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4394:Varicose veins 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4369: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4307: 4305: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4284: 4282: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4257:Spider angioma 4254: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4239:Vascular nevus 4235: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4217:Telangiectasia 4214: 4209: 4203: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4159: 4154: 4152:Aortic rupture 4149: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4117: 4115: 4113:pseudoaneurysm 4100: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4024:Oxycholesterol 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3956: 3954: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3891: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3867: 3859: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3810: 3799: 3784: 3768: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3759:Classification 3753: 3752: 3745: 3744:External links 3742: 3740: 3739: 3713: 3687: 3673: 3646: 3617: 3598: 3578: 3563: 3545: 3519: 3493: 3465: 3406: 3354: 3305: 3246: 3197: 3148: 3096: 3085:on 30 May 2014 3070: 3051:(2): 185–189. 3035: 3026: 2977: 2958:(1): 134–136. 2939: 2901:"ndicvts.html" 2891: 2864: 2823: 2782: 2734: 2685: 2636: 2601: 2596:Surgical Units 2583: 2554:(3): 281–293. 2534: 2483: 2431: 2390: 2360: 2339:(5): 1313–24. 2319: 2300:(9): 1212–13. 2284: 2241: 2214:Matrix Biology 2200: 2159: 2152: 2128: 2079: 2052: 2040: 2028: 2009:(5): 1052–60. 1993: 1966: 1954: 1939: 1932: 1903: 1880: 1845: 1796: 1744: 1726:978-0323278171 1725: 1700: 1693: 1656: 1640: 1619: 1568: 1542: 1476: 1450: 1407: 1380: 1339: 1298: 1274: 1246: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1168:Isabel Granada 1165: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1133: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1101: 1095: 1085: 1079: 1076:Laura Branigan 1073: 1059: 1046: 1043: 1009: 1006: 997: 994: 989: 986: 980: 977: 971: 968: 950: 947: 898:Main article: 895: 892: 879:blood pressure 870: 867: 838: 835: 812: 809: 739: 736: 735: 734: 728: 723: 702: 701: 692: 683: 632: 629: 628: 627: 624: 621: 618: 613: 610: 586:Main article: 565: 562: 561: 560: 557: 554: 551: 550:Loss of vision 548: 537: 536: 533: 530: 525: 522: 510:Main article: 507: 504: 495: 492: 489: 488: 485: 481: 480: 477: 473: 472: 469: 447: 446: 443: 439: 438: 435: 431: 430: 427: 415: 412: 393: 392: 389: 374: 367: 364: 345: 326: 303: 269: 266: 262:iliac arteries 224: 221: 198:pseudoaneurysm 162: 159: 154: 153:Classification 151: 142: 139: 113:in the brain, 89:is an outward 81: 80: 75: 69: 68: 64: 63: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5122: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4659: 4654: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412:Caput medusae 4410: 4409: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4075:Degos disease 4073: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3880: 3875: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3844: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3683: 3677: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3643:. p. 19. 3642: 3638: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3582: 3574: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3371:: e631–e638. 3370: 3366: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325:(1): 012001. 3324: 3320: 3316: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3168:(1): 012003. 3167: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3119:(1): 012054. 3118: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3101: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3039: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2997:(3): 348–52. 2996: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2689: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2656:(3): 217–24. 2655: 2651: 2647: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2538: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2499:(4): 133–42. 2498: 2494: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2438: 2436: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2288: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2257:(5): 352–53. 2256: 2252: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2220:(7): 387–98. 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2163: 2155: 2153:951-42-6739-7 2149: 2142: 2141: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099:(2): 223–25. 2098: 2094: 2090: 2083: 2067: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2037: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1997: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1951:. p. 93. 1950: 1943: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1910: 1908: 1891: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767:(7494): 750. 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1112: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1066:heart surgery 1063: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1050:U.S. Senator 1049: 1048: 1045:Notable cases 1042: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1014: 1005: 1002: 1001:populations. 993: 985: 976: 967: 965: 955: 946: 944: 943:flow diverter 939: 935: 931: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 907: 901: 891: 888: 884: 880: 876: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 843: 834: 830: 827: 823: 808: 806: 802: 799: 798:lysyl oxidase 795: 791: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 763: 758: 754: 750: 748: 743: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 707: 706: 705: 700: 696: 693: 691: 687: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 669: 668: 665: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 625: 622: 619: 616: 615: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 589: 579: 570: 558: 555: 553:Double vision 552: 549: 546: 545: 544: 543:may present: 542: 535:Double vision 534: 531: 529: 526: 523: 520: 519: 518: 513: 503: 501: 486: 483: 482: 478: 475: 474: 470: 467: 466: 463: 461: 456: 454: 444: 441: 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Retrieved 1233: 1224: 1210:Tom Sizemore 1128:died from a 1088:Davie Cooper 1062:Lucille Ball 1031: 1019: 1003: 999: 996:Risk factors 991: 982: 979:Epidemiology 973: 964:stent grafts 960: 928: 916:Walter Dandy 910: 903: 894:Intracranial 872: 848: 831: 821: 814: 803:, affecting 789: 788: 780:vasa vasorum 767: 766: 752: 751: 744: 741: 703: 686:Tuberculosis 666: 645:hypertension 634: 631:Risk factors 620:Hypertension 606:asymptomatic 591: 538: 515: 497: 457: 450: 394: 351:, including 309:, including 271: 250: 242: 234: 213:percutaneous 206: 195: 164: 156: 144: 127:heart attack 107:embolization 95:blood vessel 86: 84: 36: 4965:Extra-axial 4857:precerebral 4618:Hypotension 4162:head / neck 4014:Cholesterol 3904:capillaries 3838:MedlinePlus 3475:"Lucy dies" 2802:(1): 56–9. 2410:(1): 6–13. 2072:13 November 1986:13 November 1895:23 February 1239:23 February 1230:"Aneurysms" 1158:John Ritter 1098:John Olerud 649:tobacco use 254:aortic arch 131:ventricular 50:Other names 5099:Categories 4828:Cerebellum 4746:Brain stem 4674:including 4534:Vasculitis 4524:Thrombosis 4485:Angiopathy 4429:Varicocele 4422:Hemorrhoid 4252:Halo nevus 4108:dissection 3899:arterioles 3814:DiseasesDB 3732:5 November 3706:25 October 3666:6 December 1588:: 452317. 1469:14 January 1217:References 1136:Édith Piaf 1082:David Cone 924:craniotomy 753:Infection. 697:, causing 688:, causing 653:alcoholism 623:Haematuria 424:Ectatic or 386:thrombosis 336:including 223:Morphology 183:syphilitic 175:adventitia 103:thrombosis 5010:Brainstem 4785:Foville's 4288:Phlebitis 4029:Trans fat 3965:Foam cell 3921:Arteritis 3888:(vessels) 3573:The Times 3512:31 August 3442:2040-7939 3385:1878-8750 3349:1742-6596 3282:1664-042X 3233:0021-9290 3192:1757-899X 3143:1742-6596 2744:"sp.html" 2529:218868284 2513:0309-1902 2470:1079-5642 1737:23 August 1056:President 1052:Joe Biden 869:Treatment 837:Diagnosis 826:Toughness 811:Mechanics 768:Syphilis. 671:Advanced 332:, namely 202:thrombose 141:Etymology 73:Specialty 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