André Gide - Knowledge

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time since then that I have sought after pleasure, it is the memory of that night I have pursued...My joy was unbounded, and I cannot imagine it greater, even if love had been added. How should there have been any question of love? How should I have allowed desire to dispose of my heart? No scruple clouded my pleasure and no remorse followed it. But what name then am I to give the rapture I felt as I clasped in my naked arms that perfect little body, so wild, so ardent, so sombrely lascivious? For a long time after Mohammed had left me, I remained in a state of passionate jubilation, and though I had already achieved pleasure five times with him, I renewed my ecstasy again and again, and when I got back to my room in the hotel, I prolonged its echoes until morning.

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testimony of others. It was the life of a man engaging not only in the business of artistic creation, but reflecting on that process in his journal, reading that work to his friends and discussing it with them; a man who knew and corresponded with all the major literary figures of his own country and with many in Germany and England; who found daily nourishment in the Latin, French, English and German classics, and, for much of his life, in the Bible; and who engaged in commenting on the moral, political and sexual questions of the day.

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of all that is done in the U. S. S. R.; and an attempt is being made to obtain an approval that is not mere resignation, but a sincere, an enthusiastic approval. What is most astounding is that this attempt is successful. On the other hand the smallest protest, the least criticism, is liable to the severest penalties, and in fact is immediately stifled. And I doubt whether in any other country in the world, even Hitler's Germany, thought to be less free, more bowed down, more fearful (terrorized), more vassalized.

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cannot I say this quite simply, without your immediately claiming to see a brag in my confession?), are much rarer, and the sodomites much more numerous, than I first thought...That such loves can spring up, that such relationships can be formed, it is not enough for me to say that this is natural; I maintain that it is good; each of the two finds exaltation, protection, a challenge in them; and I wonder whether it is for the youth or the elder man that they are more profitable.

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high enough to command the surrounding country...As soon as we got there, Ali flung the coat and rug down on the sloping sand; he flung himself down too, and stretched on his back...I was not such a simpleton as to misunderstand his invitation"..."I seized the hand he held out to me and tumbled him on to the ground."

798:, Gide is more direct in his criticism of the Soviet society: "Citrine, Trotsky, Mercier, Yvon, Victor Serge, Leguay, Rudolf and many others have helped me with their documentation. Everything they have taught me so far I had only suspected it – has confirmed and reinforced my fears". The main points of 899:"Gide's fame rested ultimately, of course, on his literary works. But, unlike many writers, he was no recluse: he had a need of friendship and a genius for sustaining it." But his "capacity for love was not confined to his friends: it spilled over into a concern for others less fortunate than himself." 949:

in 1930: "The only drama that really interests me and that I should always be willing to depict anew, is the debate of the individual with whatever keeps him from being authentic, with whatever is opposed to his integrity, to his integration. Most often the obstacle is within him. And all the rest is

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I call a pederast the man who, as the word indicates, falls in love with young boys. I call a sodomite ("The word is sodomite, sir," said Verlaine to the judge who asked him if it were true that he was a sodomist) the man whose desire is addressed to mature men...The pederasts, of whom I am one (why

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During the World War II Gide came to a conclusion that "absolute liberty destroys the individual and also society unless it be closely linked to tradition and discipline"; he rejected the revolutionary idea of Communism as breaking with the traditions, and wrote that "if civilization depended solely

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Then would it not be better to, instead of playing on words, simply to acknowledge that the revolutionary spirit (or even simply the critical spirit) is no longer the correct thing, that it is not wanted any more? What is wanted now is compliance, conformism. What is desired and demanded is approval

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by André Gide (first edition 1920) (Vintage Books, 1935, translated by Dorothy Bussy: "I should say that if Wilde had begun to discover the secrets of his life to me, he knew nothing as yet of mine; I had taken care to give him no hint of them, either by deed or word....No doubt, since my adventure

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by André Gide (first edition 1920, Vintage Books, 1935, translated by Dorothy Bussy: "but when Ali – that was my little guide's name – led me up among the sandhills, in spite of the fatigue of walking in the sand, I followed him; we soon reached a kind of funnel or crater, the rim of which was just

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Gide does not express his attitude towards Stalin, but he describes the signs of his personality cult: "in each , ... the same portrait of Stalin, and nothing else"; "portrait of Stalin... , in the same place no doubt where the icon used to be. Is it adoration, love, or fear? I do not know; always

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Wilde took a key out of his pocket and showed me into a tiny apartment of two rooms...The youths followed him, each of them wrapped in a burnous that hid his face. Then the guide left us and Wilde sent me into the further room with little Mohammed and shut himself up in the other with the . Every

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as a whole, what strikes one first is the variety. Here, too, we see Gide's curiosity, his youthfulness, at work: a refusal to mine only one seam, to repeat successful formulas...The fiction spans the early years of Symbolism, to the "comic, more inventive, even fantastic" pieces, to the later

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Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide expressed the conflict and eventual reconciliation of the two sides of his personality (characterized by a Protestant austerity and a transgressive sexual adventurousness, respectively). He suggested that a strict and moralistic

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was published in 1929. The essay, informed by Du Bos's Catholic convictions, condemned Gide's homosexuality. Gide and Du Bos's mutual friend Ernst Robert Curtius criticised the book in a letter to Gide, writing that "he judges you according to Catholic morals suffices to neglect his complete

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Gide was, by general consent, one of the dozen most important writers of the 20th century. Moreover, no writer of such stature had led such an interesting life, a life accessibly interesting to us as readers of his autobiographical writings, his journal, his voluminous correspondence and the

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and his wife. Gide had become friends with the senior Allégret during his own school years when Gide's mother had hired Allégret as a tutor for her son. Élie Allégret had been best man at Gide's wedding. After Gide fled with Marc to London, his wife Madeleine burned all his correspondence in

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Gide was born in Paris on 22 November 1869 into a middle-class Protestant family. His father Jean Paul Guillaume Gide was a professor of law at University of Paris; he died in 1880, when the boy was eleven years old. His mother was Juliette Maria Rondeaux. His uncle was political economist

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André Gide's writings spanned many genres – "As a master of prose narrative, occasional dramatist and translator, literary critic, letter writer, essayist, and diarist, André Gide provided twentieth-century French literature with one of its most intriguing examples of the man of letters."

690:). The government had conceded part of the colony to French companies, allowing them to exploit the area's natural resources, in particular rubber. He related that native workers were forced to leave their village for several weeks to collect rubber in the forest, and compared their 511:, while Gide and I discussed everything under the sun. Once again I delighted in the range and subtlety of a Frenchman's intelligence; and I regretted my long severance from France. Nobody understood art more profoundly than Gide, no one's view of life was more penetrating. ... 1196:

at Sousse, there was not much left for the Adversary to do to complete his victory over me; but Wilde did not know this, nor that I was vanquished beforehand or, if you will...that I had already triumphed in my imagination and my thoughts over all my scruples." )

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He left France for Africa in 1942 and lived in Tunis from December 1942 until it was re-taken by French, British and American forces in May 1943 and he was able to travel to Algiers where he stayed until the end of World War II. In 1947, he received the

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The heart of man held no secrets for Gide. There was little that he didn't understand, or discuss. He suffered, as I did, from the banishment of truth, one of the distressing symptoms of war. The Germans were not all black, and the Allies all white, for

291:. His paternal family traced its roots to Italy. The ancestral Guidos had moved to France and other western and northern European countries after converting to Protestantism during the 16th century, and facing persecution in Catholic Italy. 608:

Elisabeth eventually left her husband to move to Paris and manage the practical aspects of Gide's life (they had adjoining apartments built on the rue Vavin). She worshipped him, but evidently they no longer had a sexual relationship.

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As a whole, "The works of André Gide reveal his passionate revolt against the restraints and conventions inherited from 19th-century France. He sought to uncover the authentic self beneath its contradictory masks."

929:, Edouard's journal provides an alternative voice to the narrator's." "In 1946, when Pierre Herbert asked Gide which of his books he would choose if only one were to survive," Gide replied, 'I think it would be my 258:, he used his writing to explore his struggle to be fully oneself, including owning one's sexual nature, without betraying one's values. His political activity was shaped by the same ethos. While sympathetic to 916:"serious, heavily autobiographical, first-person narratives"...In France Gide was considered a great stylist in the classical sense, "with his clear, succinct, spare, deliberately, subtly phrased sentences." 718:), but he, an individualist himself, advocated the idea of Communist individualism. Despite supporting the Soviet Union, he acknowledged the political repression in the USSR. Gide insisted on the release of 661:. They went successively to Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo), Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic), briefly to Chad and then to Cameroon. He kept a journal, which he published as 312:

in Paris, where the latter was in exile. In 1895 the two men met in Algiers. Wilde had the impression that he had introduced Gide to homosexuality, but Gide had discovered homosexuality on his own.

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that Sheridan calls "the pre-eminently Gidean mode of expression." "His first novel emerged from Gide's own journal, and many of the first-person narratives read more or less like journals. In

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André Gide was in England during the war...He came to stay with us for a time, and brought with him a young nephew, whose English was better than his own. The boy made friends with my son

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wrote that the reason of writing the book was Gide's impatience, and that with his book he made a favour to the Fascists, who greeted it with joy. In 1937, in response, Gide published

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as a guest of the Soviet Union of Writers. He encountered censorship of his speeches and was particularly disillusioned with the state of culture under Soviet Communism. In his work,

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After 1925, Gide began to campaign for more humane conditions for convicted criminals. His legal wife, Madeleine Gide, died in 1938. Later he explored their unconsummated marriage in

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were that the dictatorship of the proletariat became the dictatorship of Stalin, and that the privileged bureaucracy became the new ruling class which profited by the workers'

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asking to postpone the publication. These measures didn't help, and as the book was published, Gide was condemned in the Soviet press and by the "friends of the USSR":

557:. Their friendship later declined, due to Du Bos's perception that Gide had disavowed or betrayed his spiritual faith, in contrast to Du Bos's own return to faith. 1689: 699: 270:; during the 1940s he shifted towards more traditional values and repudiated Communism as an idea that breaks with the traditions of the Christian civilization. 810:

or to raise its own standards of living, while the working class lived in extreme poverty; Gide cited the official Soviet newspapers to prove his statements.

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When Gide began preparing his manuscript for publication, the Kremlin was immediately informed about it, and soon Gide would be visited by the Soviet author

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who was prosecuted by the Stalinist regime for his views. As a distinguished writer sympathizing with the cause of Communism, he was invited to speak at

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In 1895, after his mother's death, Gide married his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux, but the marriage remained unconsummated. In 1896, he was elected mayor of

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on those who initiated revolutionary theories, then it would perish, since culture needs for its survival a continuous and developing tradition." In

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education had helped set these facets at odds. Gide's work can be seen as an investigation of freedom and empowerment in the face of moralistic and

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In this work, he criticized the behavior of French business interests in the Congo and inspired reform. In particular, he strongly criticized the

2014: 859:, changing little but the names of the protagonists. Monnier was a young woman who was kept captive by her own mother for more than 25 years. 7470: 230:; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author whose writings spanned a wide variety of styles and topics. He was awarded the 553:, in which capacity they worked to find employment, food and housing for Franco-Belgian refugees who arrived in Paris following the 1914 765:

and everywhere he is present." However, Gide wrote that these problems could be solved by raising the cultural level of Soviet society.

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as "France's greatest contemporary man of letters" and "judged the greatest French writer of this century by the literary cognoscenti."

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Einfalt, Michael (2010). "Debating Literary Autonomy: Jacques Maritain versus André Gide". In Heynickx, Rajesh; De Maeyer, Jan (eds.).

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In his journal, Gide distinguishes between adult-attracted "sodomites" and boy-loving "pederasts", categorizing himself as the latter.

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essay, is what makes Gide's work 'essentially modern': the 'perpetual renewal of the values by which one lives.'" Gide wrote in his

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indictment. It can only touch those who think like him and are convinced in advance. He has abdicated his intellectual liberty."

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But as Gide's biographer Alan Sheridan points out, "It is the fiction that lies at the summit of Gide's work." "Here, as in the

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Gide was brought up in isolated conditions in Normandy. He became a prolific writer at an early age, publishing his first novel

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Davies, Katherine Jane (2010). "A 'Third Way' Catholic Intellectual: Charles Du Bos, Tragedy, and Ethics in Interwar Paris".

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New York: Dutton p. 121. Weinberg notes "Gide replied testily, with that refined distinction so characteristic of him…"

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Immoralists and Drama Queens: André Gide, Théo Van Rysselberghe and their colourful entourage, Jersey 1907-1909

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In 1893 and 1894, Gide traveled in Northern Africa. There he came to accept his attraction to boys and youths.

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For a detailed bibliography of Gide's writings and works about Gide, see pp. 655–678 in Alan Sheridan,

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Vie d'André Gide, 1869–1951: André Gide avant la fondation de la Nouvelle revue française (1869–1909)

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between the two World Wars. The author of more than fifty books, he was described in his obituary in

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Gide's biographer Alan Sheridan summed up Gide's life as a writer and an intellectual:

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En tournage, un documentaire sur l'incroyable affaire de "La séquestrée de Poitiers"

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and met Victor Serge who provided him more information about the Soviet Union. In

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Destins de femmes: Ces Poitevines plus ou moins célèbres auront marqué l'Histoire

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Gide had a half satanic, half monk-like mien; he put one in mind of portraits of

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In 1939, Gide became the first living author to be published in the prestigious

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Dieckmann, Herbert (1953). "André Gide and the Conversion of Charles Du Bos".

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During World War I, Gide visited England. One of his friends there was artist

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in the early 1930s, as were many intellectuals, after his 1936 journey to the

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constraints. He worked to achieve intellectual honesty. As a self-professed

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The Journals of Andre Gide Volume IV 1939–1949. Translated from the French

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During the 1930s, Gide briefly became a Communist, or more precisely, a

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For a chronology of Gide's life, see pp. 13–15 in Thomas Cordle,

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The End of the Age of Innocence: Edith Wharton and the First World War

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The Making of an Antifascist: Nordahl Grieg Between the World Wars

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Out of the past, Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the present

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by the companies to slavery. The book contributed to the growing

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translated in English, D. Bussy (Alfred Knopf, 1937), pp. 25; 45

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From July 1926 to May 1927, Gide traveled through the colony of

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translated in English, D. Bussy (Alfred Knopf, 1937), pp. 41–42

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Gide's surviving letters run into the thousands. But it is the

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retaliation– "the best part of myself," Gide later commented.

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and their families. He rented a room in La Valeuse Cottage in

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In the 1920s, Gide became an inspiration for such writers as

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The Maritain Factor: Taking Religion into Interwar Modernism

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movements in France and helped thinkers to re-evaluate the

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by Alan Sheridan. Harvard University Press, 1999, p. xvi.

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Gide's journal documents his behavior in the company of

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Afterthoughts: A Sequel to Back from the U.S.S.R (1937)

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Alan Sheridan. André Gide: A Life in the Present (1999)

1416: 705: 1996:"If it die : an autobiography [archived]" 1467: 1455: 7312: 6059:

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

1902:Quote taken from the article on André Gide in the 526:In 1916, Gide was about 47 years old when he took 473:. Whilst there he worked on the second chapter of 234:. Gide's career ranged from his beginnings in the 1893:by André Gide, trans. by Justin O'Brien, p. xvii. 806:, spending the state budget on projects like the 742:, 1936), he broke with such socialist friends as 486:In 1908, Gide helped found the literary magazine 127:; sometimes published in English under the title 7372: 1864:by André Gide, trans. by Justin O'Brien, p. xii. 1848:Information in this paragraph is extracted from 1835:Information in this paragraph is extracted from 2173:André Gide, 1947 Nobel Laureate for Literature 545:Gide also became close friends with the critic 3860: 1640:. University of Wisconsin Pres. 14 June 2022. 483:), and van Rysselberghe painted his portrait. 4076: 3846: 2353: 2221: 6991: 6980: 4181: 4170: 4124: 4113: 1919:The Journals Of André Gide, Vol II 1914–1927 1301:. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 233. 16:French author and Nobel laureate (1869–1951) 4252: 2051:Jonathan to Gide: The Homosexual in History 1973:(New ed.). Random House. p. 288. 1714: 4083: 4069: 3853: 3839: 2360: 2346: 2228: 2214: 2198: 2144: 2039:Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998] 1758:. Musée virtuel du Protestantisme français 1266: 973:From an interview with film documentarian 885: 31: 1391: 410:Learn how and when to remove this message 1517:Voyage au Congo suivi du Retour du Tchad 1441:. Leuven University Press. p. 160. 1422: 1292: 1258: 1256: 1254: 851:In 1930 Gide published a book about the 433: 421: 277: 2235: 1678: 1473: 1461: 1434: 821:Gide contributed to the 1949 anthology 612:In 1924, he published an autobiography 185: 1895; died 1938) 7373: 2090:, held by Catherine Gide, his daughter 1955:Josef von Sternberg. A Critical Study. 1708: 1659: 1657: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1321: 982:"May I ask you an indiscreet question? 936: 722:, a Soviet writer and a member of the 302:), in 1891, at the age of twenty-one. 6917:Six Characters in Search of an Author 4064: 3834: 2341: 2209: 1616: 1614: 1563:"Victor Serge: The Spirit of Liberty" 1545: 1543: 1541: 1488:"On the chance that a shepherd boy …" 1485: 1371:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 28–9. 1364: 1251: 1230: 225: 2188:Newspaper clippings about André Gide 1993: 1966: 1915: 1731:"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947" 1693: 706:Political views and the Soviet Union 348:adding citations to reliable sources 319: 1654: 1569: 315: 13: 6119:Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 3929:American Friends Service Committee 2183:Gide at Maderia in Jersey, 1901–07 2072:André Gide: A Life in the Present. 2043: 2037:André Gide: A Life in the Present. 1673:Gide answers his Bolshevik critics 1611: 1538: 1486:White, Edmund (10 December 1998). 1193:If It Die: Autobiographical Memoir 1168:If It Die: Autobiographical Memoir 846: 576:. In 1923, he published a book on 14: 7487: 2165:Period newspaper articles on Gide 2078: 1850:André Gide: A Life in the Present 1837:André Gide: A Life in the Present 1789:André Gide: A Life in the Present 1283:, Faber & Faber, 1932, p. 344 843:; the text was approved by Gide. 549:. Together they were part of the 538:In 1918, Gide met and befriended 457:Gide spent the summer of 1907 in 308:Gide befriended Irish playwright 7471:Nouvelle Revue Française editors 7461:French people of Italian descent 7358: 7346: 7334: 7322: 7299: 7298: 2178:André Gide: A Brief Introduction 2139: 1873:Quote taken from the article on 1777:André Gide Biography (1869–1951) 786:Afterthoughts on the U. S. S. R. 589:In 1923, Gide sired a daughter, 324: 208: 2015:some editions of this same work 1994:Gide, André (22 January 1963). 1947: 1904:Encyclopedia of World Biography 1896: 1884: 1867: 1855: 1842: 1829: 1812: 1803: 1794: 1782: 1770: 1748: 1723: 1688:. France TV info. Feb 27, 2015 1666: 1628: 1599: 1587: 1555: 1510: 1479: 1428: 1385: 1358: 1324:Journal of the History of Ideas 1315: 1286: 1273: 1044: 1005:a homosexual, I am a pederast!" 788:; earlier, Gide read Trotsky's 335:needs additional citations for 182: 7431:Writers about the Soviet Union 7066:Grosvenor School of Modern Art 7059:Fourth dimension in literature 2269:Le retour de l'enfant prodigue 2024: 1224: 1199: 1186: 1174: 1161: 1145: 1132: 1116: 1086: 714:(he never formally joined any 688:Régime des Grandes Concessions 232:1947 Nobel Prize in Literature 1: 7421:Nobel laureates in Literature 4090: 1839:by Alan Sheridan, pp. 629–33. 1297:. In Chevalier, Tracy (ed.). 1074: 996:, that you are a homosexual?" 296:The Notebooks of André Walter 273: 90:Novelist, essayist, dramatist 2118:Works by or about André Gide 1922:. Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 1879:Contemporary Authors Online, 1231:Moore, Diane Monier (2024). 1127:André Gide: His Life and Art 1079: 957: 7: 7441:Fyodor Dostoyevsky scholars 7159:List of avant-garde artists 6143:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari 2192:20th Century Press Archives 2138:(public domain audiobooks) 1970:If It Die: An Autobiography 1953:Weinberg, Herman G., 1967. 1824:Contemporary Authors Online 1703:. Le Point. Apr 21, 2015. 1606:Return from the U. S. S. R. 1594:Return from the U. S. S. R. 1293:Woodward, Servanne (1997). 1055: 902: 758:Return from the U. S. S. R. 730:'s funeral and to tour the 10: 7492: 7017:Classical Hollywood cinema 2053:. New York:Vangard, 1964. 1906:, Dec. 12, 1998, Gale Pub. 1051:Bibliography of André Gide 1048: 1007:—from Vedres' documentary 865:Bibliothèque de la Pléiade 831:, based on paraphrases of 595:Elisabeth van Rysselberghe 555:German invasion of Belgium 300:Les Cahiers d'André Walter 227:[ɑ̃dʁepɔlɡijomʒid] 81:Cuverville, Seine-Maritime 7280: 6958: 6799: 6667: 6507: 6263: 6252: 6095:Les Demoiselles d'Avignon 6049: 5875: 5435: 4918: 4909: 4786: 4570: 4312: 4303: 4098: 3988: 3957: 3938: 3913: 3889: 3870: 3773: 3542: 3311: 3071: 2846: 2614: 2379: 2373:Nobel Prize in Literature 2247: 2094:Center for Gidian Studies 2087:Catherine Gide Foundation 1852:by Alan Sheridan, p. 628. 1299:Encyclopedia of the Essay 1158:, Gallimard (1956), p. 55 1129:, Macmillan (1965), p. 11 1094:"New York Times obituary" 874:Nobel Prize in Literature 857:La Séquestrée de Poitiers 648: 219:André Paul Guillaume Gide 207: 202: 192: 166: 158:Nobel Prize in Literature 153: 104: 94: 86: 79:Cimetière de Cuverville, 75: 61: 43:André Paul Guillaume Gide 39: 30: 23: 4880:The Master and Margarita 1756:"André Gide (1869–1951)" 1715:O'Brien, Justin (1951). 1156:La jeunesse d'André Gide 1142:, Hachette (1970), p. 29 879:Index of Forbidden Books 776:delivered a letter from 655:French Equatorial Africa 562:Dialogue avec André Gide 489:Nouvelle Revue Française 7166:List of modernist poets 7052:Fourth dimension in art 6235:Meshes of the Afternoon 3923:Friends Service Council 2253:The Fruits of the Earth 2152:André Gide at Goodreads 1719:. Secker & Warburg. 1211:www.museeprotestant.org 886:Gide's life as a writer 791:The Revolution Betrayed 240:criticising imperialism 147:The Fruits of the Earth 7426:French Nobel laureates 7411:French anti-communists 7250:Second Viennese School 6992: 6981: 4892:The Sound and the Fury 4796:In Search of Lost Time 4253: 4182: 4171: 4125: 4114: 3994:Nobel Prize recipients 3959:Physiology or Medicine 3948:Edward Victor Appleton 3335:Gabriel García Márquez 3188:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 2293:La Symphonie pastorale 1809:Alan Sheridan, p. 624. 1800:Alan Sheridan, p. xii. 1492:London Review of Books 1138:Pierre de Boisdeffre, 1029: 1015: 969: 897: 762: 700:effects of colonialism 524: 443: 431: 283: 161:1947 7456:French male novelists 7451:French male essayists 7446:Lycée Henri-IV alumni 7406:French travel writers 7229:Reactionary modernism 7152:List of art movements 3280:Isaac Bashevis Singer 3155:Miguel Ángel Asturias 2828:Frans Eemil Sillanpää 2559:Verner von Heidenstam 2414:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 2017:omit this section. 1522:16 March 2007 at the 1336:10.1353/jhi.2010.0005 1279:William Rothenstein, 1024: 971: 964: 943:Cahiers de André Gide 892: 748: 605:("The White Lady"). 599:Théo van Rysselberghe 505: 494:The New French Review 467:Théo van Rysselberghe 437: 426:Gide photographed by 425: 281: 135:The Pastoral Symphony 129:Lafcadio's Adventures 7476:LGBT Nobel laureates 7073:Hanshinkan Modernism 6929:The Threepenny Opera 6845:Pelléas et Mélisande 2806:Roger Martin du Gard 2309:Si le grain ne meurt 1967:Gide, Andre (1935). 1916:Gide, Andre (1948). 1365:Price, Alan (1996). 1010:Life Starts Tomorrow 950:merely accidental." 833:Return from the USSR 740:Return from the USSR 736:Retour de L'U.R.S.S. 664:Travels in the Congo 619:Si le grain ne meurt 344:improve this article 121:Les caves du Vatican 7466:Anti-Stalinist left 7131:International Style 6881:Afternoon of a Faun 6167:Battleship Potemkin 6071:Mont Sainte-Victoir 3967:Carl Ferdinand Cori 3709:Svetlana Alexievich 3051:Salvatore Quasimodo 2737:Erik Axel Karlfeldt 2671:George Bernard Shaw 2528:Rabindranath Tagore 2506:Maurice Maeterlinck 2325:The God that Failed 2168:interface in French 2132:Works by André Gide 2108:Works by André Gide 2099:Works by André Gide 1891:Journals: 1889–1913 1862:Journals: 1889–1913 1550:The God that failed 1532:, July–August 1995 1394:Yale French Studies 1001:"No monsieur, I am 937:Struggle for values 926:Les faux-monnayeurs 824:The God That Failed 643:Et nunc manet in te 501:William Rothenstein 440:Paul Albert Laurens 268:anti-Stalinist left 125:The Vatican Cellars 7401:French Protestants 7391:Writers from Paris 7010:Buddhist modernism 6967:American modernism 6893:The Rite of Spring 4868:The Sun Also Rises 4844:The Magic Mountain 3654:Mario Vargas Llosa 3632:J. M. G. Le Clézio 3489:Wisława Szymborska 3269:Vicente Aleixandre 3140:Shmuel Yosef Agnon 3018:Juan Ramón Jiménez 2886:Johannes V. Jensen 2574:Henrik Pontoppidan 2440:Henryk Sienkiewicz 2317:The Counterfeiters 2277:Strait is the Gate 1735:www.nobelprize.org 1265:on Nobelprize.org 578:Fyodor Dostoyevsky 551:Foyer Franco-Belge 476:Strait Is the Gate 444: 432: 284: 244:The New York Times 172:Madeleine Rondeaux 141:The Counterfeiters 116:Strait Is the Gate 7436:Modernist writers 7416:French communists 7310: 7309: 7038:Experimental film 6954: 6953: 6941:Waiting for Godot 6248: 6247: 4905: 4904: 4808:The Metamorphosis 4058: 4057: 3828: 3827: 3786:Abdulrazak Gurnah 3665:Tomas Tranströmer 3166:Yasunari Kawabata 3129:Mikhail Sholokhov 2985:Winston Churchill 2660:Władysław Reymont 2638:Jacinto Benavente 2517:Gerhart Hauptmann 2335: 2334: 2157:Amis d'André Gide 2103:Project Gutenberg 1992:. Viewable here: 1980:978-0-375-72606-4 1933:978-0-252-06930-7 1779:. eninimports.com 1647:978-0-299-33650-9 1565:. 23 August 2022. 1448:978-90-5867-714-3 1378:978-1-137-05183-7 1308:978-1-135-31410-1 1295:"Du Bos, Charles" 1244:978-1-915786-12-8 1098:www.andregide.org 808:Palace of Soviets 684:Large Concessions 629:Heart of Darkness 603:"La Dame Blanche" 448:La Roque-Baignard 420: 419: 412: 394: 266:he supported the 216: 215: 7483: 7396:French novelists 7363: 7362: 7361: 7351: 7350: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7318: 7302: 7301: 7273: 7271:Vulgar modernism 7266: 7264:Underground film 7259: 7252: 7245: 7238: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7147: 7140: 7133: 7126: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7087:Hippie modernism 7082: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 7003:Bloomsbury Group 6998: 6997: 6987: 6986: 6976: 6969: 6947: 6946: 6935: 6934: 6923: 6922: 6911: 6910: 6899: 6898: 6887: 6886: 6875: 6874: 6863: 6862: 6851: 6850: 6839: 6838: 6827: 6826: 6815: 6814: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6660: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6618: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6576: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6276: 6261: 6260: 6241: 6240: 6229: 6228: 6217: 6216: 6207: 6206: 6197: 6196: 6191:Un Chien Andalou 6185: 6184: 6173: 6172: 6161: 6160: 6155:Ballet Mécanique 6149: 6148: 6137: 6136: 6125: 6124: 6113: 6112: 6101: 6100: 6089: 6088: 6083:The Starry Night 6077: 6076: 6065: 6064: 6042: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5965: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5895: 5888: 5868: 5861: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5428: 5421: 5414: 5412:Toulouse-Lautrec 5407: 5400: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5099: 5092: 5085: 5078: 5071: 5064: 5057: 5050: 5043: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4994: 4987: 4980: 4973: 4966: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4938: 4931: 4916: 4915: 4898: 4897: 4886: 4885: 4874: 4873: 4862: 4861: 4850: 4849: 4838: 4837: 4826: 4825: 4814: 4813: 4802: 4801: 4779: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4583: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4395: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4310: 4309: 4296: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4218: 4211: 4204: 4195: 4188: 4187: 4177: 4176: 4173:Der Blaue Reiter 4166: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4131: 4130: 4120: 4119: 4109: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4062: 4061: 3996: 3979:Bernardo Houssay 3855: 3848: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3821: 3810: 3799: 3788: 3766: 3755: 3744: 3733: 3722: 3711: 3700: 3689: 3678: 3667: 3656: 3645: 3634: 3623: 3612: 3601: 3590: 3588:Elfriede Jelinek 3579: 3568: 3557: 3535: 3524: 3513: 3502: 3491: 3480: 3469: 3458: 3447: 3436: 3425: 3414: 3412:Camilo José Cela 3403: 3392: 3381: 3370: 3359: 3357:Jaroslav Seifert 3348: 3337: 3326: 3304: 3293: 3282: 3271: 3260: 3249: 3238: 3223: 3212: 3201: 3190: 3179: 3168: 3157: 3146: 3131: 3120: 3119:(declined award) 3117:Jean-Paul Sartre 3108: 3097: 3086: 3064: 3062:Saint-John Perse 3053: 3042: 3031: 3020: 3009: 2998: 2996:Ernest Hemingway 2987: 2976: 2974:François Mauriac 2965: 2954: 2952:Bertrand Russell 2943: 2941:William Faulkner 2932: 2921: 2910: 2899: 2897:Gabriela Mistral 2888: 2877: 2876: 2868: 2867: 2859: 2858: 2839: 2838: 2830: 2819: 2808: 2797: 2786: 2785: 2777: 2775:Luigi Pirandello 2766: 2755: 2744: 2728: 2717: 2706: 2695: 2684: 2673: 2662: 2651: 2640: 2629: 2607: 2596: 2585: 2584: 2576: 2561: 2550: 2539: 2538: 2530: 2519: 2508: 2497: 2486: 2475: 2464: 2453: 2442: 2431: 2425:Frédéric Mistral 2416: 2405: 2394: 2362: 2355: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2230: 2223: 2216: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2122:Internet Archive 2049:Noel I. Garde , 2018: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2000:Internet Archive 1991: 1989: 1987: 1964: 1958: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1913: 1907: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1833: 1827: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1712: 1706: 1697: 1691: 1684:Pujolas, Marie. 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1652: 1651: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1618: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1567: 1566: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1536: 1535: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1290: 1284: 1281:Men and Memories 1277: 1271: 1270: 1260: 1249: 1248: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1203: 1197: 1190: 1184: 1183:(Miller 1995:87) 1178: 1172: 1165: 1159: 1149: 1143: 1136: 1130: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1104:on 6 August 2011 1100:. Archived from 1090: 977:with Andre Gide: 760: 744:Jean-Paul Sartre 696:anti-colonialism 686:regime (French: 673:Return from Chad 574:Jean-Paul Sartre 481:La Porte étroite 428:Ottoline Morrell 415: 408: 404: 401: 395: 393: 352: 328: 320: 316:The middle years 229: 224: 212: 186: 184: 68: 65:19 February 1951 52:22 November 1869 51: 49: 35: 21: 20: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7359: 7357: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7323: 7321: 7313: 7311: 7306: 7297: 7289: 7276: 7269: 7262: 7257:Structural film 7255: 7248: 7241: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7208:New Objectivity 7206: 7199: 7194:Neo-romanticism 7192: 7187:Neo-primitivism 7185: 7178: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7136: 7129: 7122: 7113: 7106: 7099: 7092: 7085: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6990: 6979: 6972: 6965: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6833:Verklärte Nacht 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 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3215: 3204: 3193: 3182: 3171: 3160: 3149: 3134: 3123: 3111: 3106:Giorgos Seferis 3100: 3089: 3078: 3067: 3056: 3045: 3040:Boris Pasternak 3034: 3023: 3012: 3007:Halldór Laxness 3001: 2990: 2979: 2968: 2957: 2946: 2935: 2924: 2913: 2902: 2891: 2880: 2872: 2871: 2863: 2862: 2854: 2853: 2842: 2834: 2833: 2822: 2811: 2800: 2789: 2781: 2780: 2769: 2758: 2753:John Galsworthy 2747: 2731: 2720: 2709: 2698: 2687: 2676: 2665: 2654: 2643: 2632: 2621: 2610: 2599: 2588: 2580: 2579: 2564: 2553: 2542: 2534: 2533: 2522: 2511: 2500: 2489: 2478: 2467: 2462:Rudyard Kipling 2456: 2451:Giosuè Carducci 2445: 2434: 2419: 2408: 2403:Theodor Mommsen 2397: 2392:Sully Prudhomme 2386: 2375: 2366: 2336: 2331: 2243: 2234: 2140: 2084:Website of the 2081: 2046: 2044:Further reading 2027: 2022: 2021: 2004: 2002: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1965: 1961: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1914: 1910: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1830: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1761: 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119: 113: 70: 66: 53: 47: 45: 44: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7489: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7368: 7367: 7355: 7343: 7331: 7308: 7307: 7290: 7282: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7267: 7260: 7253: 7246: 7239: 7232: 7225: 7218: 7215:Poetic realism 7211: 7204: 7197: 7190: 7183: 7176: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7148: 7145:Late modernity 7141: 7138:Late modernism 7134: 7127: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7111: 7104: 7090: 7083: 7080:High modernism 7076: 7069: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7034: 7027: 7024:Degenerate art 7020: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6994:Ballets Russes 6988: 6977: 6970: 6962: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6936: 6924: 6912: 6900: 6888: 6876: 6864: 6852: 6840: 6828: 6816: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6702: 6695: 6688: 6681: 6673: 6671: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6577: 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4382: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4318: 4316: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4205: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4189: 4178: 4160: 4153: 4146: 4143:Constructivism 4139: 4132: 4121: 4110: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4088: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3963: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3919: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3907: 3900: 3898: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3883: 3876: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3850: 3843: 3835: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3811: 3800: 3789: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3767: 3756: 3745: 3742:Olga Tokarczuk 3734: 3731:Kazuo Ishiguro 3723: 3712: 3701: 3690: 3679: 3668: 3657: 3646: 3635: 3624: 3613: 3602: 3591: 3580: 3569: 3558: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3525: 3514: 3503: 3492: 3481: 3470: 3459: 3448: 3437: 3426: 3415: 3404: 3401:Naguib Mahfouz 3393: 3390:Joseph Brodsky 3382: 3371: 3360: 3349: 3338: 3327: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3302:Czesław Miłosz 3294: 3283: 3272: 3261: 3250: 3239: 3232:Eyvind Johnson 3224: 3213: 3202: 3191: 3180: 3177:Samuel Beckett 3169: 3158: 3147: 3132: 3121: 3109: 3098: 3095:John Steinbeck 3087: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3054: 3043: 3032: 3021: 3010: 2999: 2988: 2977: 2966: 2963:Pär Lagerkvist 2955: 2944: 2933: 2922: 2911: 2900: 2889: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2831: 2820: 2809: 2798: 2795:Eugene O'Neill 2787: 2778: 2767: 2756: 2745: 2729: 2726:Sinclair Lewis 2718: 2707: 2696: 2685: 2682:Grazia Deledda 2674: 2663: 2652: 2641: 2630: 2627:Anatole France 2618: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2608: 2597: 2594:Carl Spitteler 2586: 2577: 2570:Karl Gjellerup 2562: 2551: 2548:Romain Rolland 2540: 2531: 2520: 2509: 2498: 2487: 2484:Selma Lagerlöf 2476: 2465: 2454: 2443: 2432: 2429:José Echegaray 2417: 2406: 2395: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2365: 2364: 2357: 2350: 2342: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2329: 2321: 2313: 2305: 2297: 2289: 2281: 2273: 2264: 2260:The Immoralist 2256: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2218: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2162: 2154: 2149: 2129: 2124: 2115: 2105: 2096: 2091: 2080: 2079:External links 2077: 2076: 2075: 2074:Harvard, 1999. 2068: 2061: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2019: 1979: 1959: 1946: 1932: 1908: 1895: 1883: 1866: 1854: 1841: 1828: 1811: 1802: 1793: 1781: 1769: 1747: 1722: 1707: 1699:Levy, Audrey. 1692: 1677: 1665: 1653: 1646: 1627: 1610: 1598: 1586: 1568: 1554: 1552:chinhnghia.com 1537: 1509: 1478: 1476:, p. 160. 1466: 1464:, p. 158. 1454: 1447: 1427: 1425:, p. 233. 1415: 1384: 1377: 1357: 1314: 1307: 1285: 1272: 1250: 1243: 1237:. Blue Ormer. 1223: 1198: 1185: 1173: 1160: 1144: 1131: 1123:Wallace Fowlie 1115: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1057: 1054: 1049:Main article: 1046: 1043: 970: 959: 956: 938: 935: 904: 901: 887: 884: 848: 845: 804:surplus labour 770:Ilya Ehrenburg 753: 707: 704: 650: 647: 547:Charles Du Bos 463:Jacques Copeau 438:André Gide by 418: 417: 332: 330: 323: 317: 314: 275: 272: 214: 213: 205: 204: 200: 199: 197:Catherine Gide 194: 190: 189: 178: 174: 171: 170: 168: 164: 163: 155: 154:Notable awards 151: 150: 110:The Immoralist 106: 102: 101: 99:Lycée Henri-IV 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 77: 73: 72: 69:(aged 81) 63: 59: 58: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7488: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7366: 7356: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7342: 7332: 7330: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7305: 7295: 7294: 7293:Postmodernism 7288: 7287: 7279: 7272: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7240: 7237: 7236:Metamodernism 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7219: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7205: 7202: 7201:New Hollywood 7198: 7195: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7149: 7146: 7142: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7128: 7125: 7121: 7116: 7112: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094:Impressionism 7091: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7077: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7014: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6780: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 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M. Coetzee 3574: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3555:V. S. Naipaul 3552: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3511:José Saramago 3508: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3478:Seamus Heaney 3475: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3456:Toni Morrison 3453: 3449: 3446: 3445:Derek Walcott 3442: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3324:Elias Canetti 3321: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3221:Patrick White 3218: 3214: 3211: 3210:Heinrich Böll 3207: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2908:Hermann Hesse 2905: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2817:Pearl S. Buck 2814: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2704:Sigrid Undset 2701: 2697: 2694: 2693:Henri Bergson 2690: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2473:Rudolf Eucken 2470: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2127:List of Works 2125: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2082: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2016: 2013: 2001: 1997: 1982: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1963: 1956: 1950: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1912: 1905: 1899: 1892: 1887: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1863: 1858: 1851: 1845: 1838: 1832: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1773: 1757: 1751: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1718: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1681: 1674: 1669: 1660: 1658: 1649: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1631: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1607: 1602: 1595: 1590: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1564: 1558: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1470: 1463: 1458: 1450: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1431: 1424: 1423:Woodward 1997 1419: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1388: 1380: 1374: 1370: 1369: 1361: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1318: 1310: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1289: 1282: 1276: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1246: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1227: 1212: 1208: 1202: 1194: 1189: 1182: 1177: 1169: 1164: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1141: 1135: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1085: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1063:Mise en abyme 1060: 1059: 1052: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1031:Gide's novel 1028: 1023: 1021: 1014: 1012: 1011: 1004: 1000: 995: 992:"Is it true, 991: 986: 981: 976: 975:Nicole Védrès 968: 963: 955: 951: 948: 944: 934: 932: 928: 927: 922: 917: 914: 909: 900: 896: 891: 883: 881: 880: 875: 869: 867: 866: 860: 858: 854: 844: 842: 838: 837:Afterthoughts 834: 830: 826: 825: 819: 817: 811: 809: 805: 801: 800:Afterthoughts 797: 796:Afterthoughts 793: 792: 787: 783: 782:Nordahl Grieg 779: 775: 771: 766: 759: 752: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665: 660: 659:Marc Allégret 656: 646: 644: 639: 637: 636: 631: 630: 625: 624:Joseph Conrad 621: 620: 615: 610: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 587: 585: 584: 579: 575: 571: 566: 563: 558: 556: 552: 548: 543: 541: 540:Dorothy Bussy 536: 533: 532:Élie Allégret 529: 528:Marc Allégret 523: 519: 517: 512: 510: 504: 502: 497: 495: 491: 490: 484: 482: 478: 477: 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 454:in Normandy. 453: 449: 441: 436: 429: 424: 414: 411: 403: 400:November 2017 392: 389: 385: 382: 378: 375: 371: 368: 364: 361: – 360: 356: 355:Find sources: 349: 345: 339: 338: 333:This section 331: 327: 322: 321: 313: 311: 306: 303: 301: 297: 292: 290: 280: 271: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 247: 245: 241: 238:movement, to 237: 233: 228: 220: 211: 206: 201: 198: 195: 191: 169: 165: 159: 156: 152: 149: 148: 143: 142: 137: 136: 130: 126: 122: 118: 117: 112: 111: 107: 105:Notable works 103: 100: 97: 93: 89: 85: 82: 78: 76:Resting place 74: 71:Paris, France 64: 60: 56: 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 7291: 7284: 7031:Ecomodernism 6939: 6927: 6915: 6903: 6891: 6879: 6869:The Firebird 6867: 6855: 6843: 6831: 6819: 6807: 6233: 6223:Citizen Kane 6221: 6212:Fallingwater 6202:Villa Savoye 6189: 6177: 6165: 6153: 6141: 6131:Black Square 6129: 6117: 6105: 6093: 6081: 6069: 6057: 5949:Le Corbusier 5877:Architecture 4890: 4878: 4866: 4856:Mrs Dalloway 4854: 4842: 4830: 4818: 4806: 4794: 4679:Lowell (Amy) 4420: 4024: 3903: 3818: 3797:Annie Ernaux 3774:2021–present 3764:Louise Glück 3753:Peter Handke 3643:Herta Müller 3566:Imre Kertész 3533:Gao Xingjian 3522:Günter Grass 3467:Kenzaburō Ōe 3379:Wole Soyinka 3368:Claude Simon 3199:Pablo Neruda 3029:Albert Camus 2918: 2741:posthumously 2740: 2323: 2315: 2307: 2299: 2291: 2283: 2275: 2267: 2258: 2240: 2167: 2159: 2086: 2071: 2064: 2050: 2036: 2031:Edmund White 2011: 2003:. 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S. Eliot 2715:Thomas Mann 2649:W. B. Yeats 2605:Knut Hamsun 2025:Works cited 1818:Article on 1762:6 September 1534:(in French) 1020:Oscar Wilde 994:cher Maître 756:André Gide 728:Maxim Gorky 702:in Africa. 310:Oscar Wilde 252:puritanical 7375:Categories 7173:Maximalism 7108:Literature 6783:Wiesenthal 6685:Cunningham 6678:Balanchine 6658:Witkiewicz 6630:Strindberg 6616:Pirandello 6588:Mayakovsky 6463:Stravinsky 6435:Schoenberg 6254:Performing 6179:Metropolis 5970:Mendelsohn 5775:Rossellini 5768:Richardson 5579:Fassbinder 5565:Eisenstein 5502:Cassavetes 5258:Modigliani 5132:Goncharova 5118:Giacometti 4512:Dos Passos 4314:Literature 4273:Surrealism 4184:Die Brücke 3973:Gerty Cori 3904:André Gide 3891:Literature 3084:Ivo Andrić 2919:André Gide 2764:Ivan Bunin 2495:Paul Heyse 2241:André Gide 2112:Faded Page 2065:André Gide 1875:André Gide 1820:André Gide 1675:libcom.org 1396:(12): 69. 1330:(4): 655. 1263:André Gide 1152:Jean Delay 1075:References 516:Baudelaire 471:St Brelade 370:newspapers 274:Early life 87:Occupation 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6358:Honegger 6019:Sullivan 6005:Saarinen 5998:Rietveld 5991:Niemeyer 5963:Melnikov 5893:Bunshaft 5824:Truffaut 5789:Sjöström 5733:Pudovkin 5705:Minnelli 5670:Kurosawa 5663:Kuleshov 5593:Flaherty 5419:Vuillard 5398:Steichen 5356:Rousseau 5321:Pissarro 5300:O'Keeffe 5265:Mondrian 5216:Malevich 5209:Magritte 5181:Kirchner 5125:van Gogh 5076:Doesburg 5055:Delaunay 5048:Delaunay 4971:Brâncuși 4957:Boccioni 4920:Painting 4770:Williams 4693:Mallarmé 4609:Cendrars 4519:Platonov 4477:Lawrence 4470:Koestler 4407:Flaubert 4400:Faulkner 4365:Bulgakov 4294:Tonalism 4255:De Stijl 4239:Lettrism 4225:Futurism 4116:Art Deco 3906:(France) 3500:Dario Fo 2285:Isabelle 2272:" (1907) 2255:" (1897) 2136:LibriVox 2114:(Canada) 1986:27 April 1939:27 April 1740:20 March 1520:Archived 1502:20 March 1344:40925953 1216:20 March 1108:20 March 1056:See also 903:Writings 778:Jef Last 754:— 635:Lord Jim 430:in 1924. 256:pederast 193:Children 57:, France 7315:Portals 6959:Related 6821:Ubu Roi 6776:Tamiris 6762:Sokolow 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