636:
316:
62:
78:
333:
417:. They called Apollo and Artemis "Laphrios gods," i.e. patrons of the spoils and loot of war. In addition, they worshiped Hercules, the river Achelous and Bacchus. In Thermos, an area north of Trichonis lake, there was after the 7th century a shrine of Apollo “Thermios,” which became a significant religious center during the time of the
922:
invasions by
Macedonia in 322 and 314–311, the league rapidly grew in strength during the ensuing period of Macedonian weakness, expanding into Delphi (centre of the Amphictyonic Council) and allying with Boeotia (c. 300). It was mainly responsible for driving out a major Gallic invasion of Greece in 279.
921:
Aetolian League, federal state or "sympolity" of
Aetolia, in ancient Greece. Probably based on a looser tribal community, it was well-enough organized to conduct negotiations with Athens in 367 BC. It became by c. 340 one of the leading military powers in Greece. Having successfully resisted
533:
The
Aetolians’ power increasingly magnified with the occupation of the lands of Ozoloi, Locrians and Phocians, as well as Boeotia. They then united under the power of their League in the areas of Tegea, Mantinea, Orchomenus, Psophida and Phigaleia. Between 220 and 217 BC, the
538:
broke out between the
Achaean and Aetolian Leagues. The war was first started by the Aetolians with the help of the Spartans and Eleans. Allies of the Achaeans were the Macedonians, the Boeotians, the Phocians, the Epirotes, the Acarnanians and the Messenians.
283:) in the east, from the Evenus and Calydon to the Ozolian Locrians. The country has a level and fruitful coastal region, but an unproductive and mountainous interior. The mountains contained many wild beasts, and acquired fame in
456:, taking great risks, but were eventually saved by the disagreement between the two Macedonian generals and Perdiccas. The Acarnanians then attempted to invade their land, but the Aetolians were able to force them to flee.
428:. In 426 BC, led by Aegitios, they defeated the Athenians and their allies, who had turned against Apodotia and Ophioneia under the general command of Demosthenes. However, they failed to regain
574:, the Aetolians who had sided with Antony disbanded completely. Octavius handed Calydon over to the Achaeans, who devastated it entirely and moved the statue of Artemis Laphria to
570:. When the Roman garrisons were withdrawn because of the civil wars in Rome, the Aetolians, too, began to fight each other. Following Octavius’ victory at the
974:
401:
claims that
Eurytanians spoke a very difficult language and ate their food completely raw. They were semi-barbaric, warlike and predatory. They worshiped
484:
The great courage shown by the
Aetolians during the fighting against the Macedonians increased their glamour and fame, especially after winning the last
546:
destroyed the temple of Apollo
Thermios and allied with the Carthaginians. The Aetolians continued to fight on the side of the Romans even in the
1048:
530:; as a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city, which was put under the command of Demetrius of Pharos.
440:, but the Aetolians recovered it in 361 BC. In 338 BC, Naupaktos was again taken by the Aetolians, with the help of Philip II. During the
820:
Rose, Carol, Giants, Monsters, and
Dragons: An Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth, W. W. Norton, 2001. ISBN 9780393322118, p. 66.
352:– named after the nearby mountain Kourion, or just to stand out from the Acarnanians, who were called so because they were unshorn – and
469:) and by c. 340 BC it became one of the leading military powers in ancient Greece. It had originally been organized during the reign of
872:
1033:
993:
1075:
797:
397:
doubted their Greek heritage, while Livy reports that they spoke a language similar to the
Macedonians. On the other hand,
831:
489:
436:, the Aetolians took part as mercenaries of the Athenians in the expedition against Syracuse. Then the Achaeans occupied
550:(196 BC), ignoring the great dangers looming for Greece as a result of this alliance. The Aetolians took the side of
413:, not as goddess of wisdom, but emphasizing the element of war – i.e. a goddess that was a counterbalance to the god
101:
1070:
390:
The mountain tribes of
Aetolia were the Ophioneis, the Apodotoi, the Agraeis, the Aperantoi and the Eurytanians.
17:
965:
851:
61:
507:
In 232 BC, the Illyrians under Agron attacked the Aetolians, and managed to take many prisoners and booty.
535:
432:, which had meanwhile been conquered by the Corinthians with the aid of the Athenians. At the end of the
372:
473:
by the cities of Aetolia for their mutual benefit and protection and became a formidable rival to the
979:
779:
655:
601:
is considered now to have a heavy anti-Aetolian bias due to his having relied on Aetolia's opponent
748:
493:
368:
173:
876:
909:
708:
703:
567:
563:
551:
547:
384:
952:
635:
273:
253:
225:
154:
77:
28:
1017:
760:
741:
470:
8:
754:
735:
623:
During the Middle Ages, Aetolia was part of the Byzantine Empire and later passed to the
606:
543:
485:
375:
mentions that Curetes was the old name of the Aetolians and Leleges the old name of the
769:
723:
558:, and on the defeat of that monarch in 189 BC, they became virtually the subjects of
177:
1030:
997:
969:
1065:
775:
674:
639:
571:
339:
205:
597:
Aetolia's reputation has suffered from a rather hostile treatment in the sources.
500:. Subsequently, the Sotiria Games were established by the Aetolians, in honour of
393:
The primitive lifestyle of those tribes made an impression on ancient historians.
1037:
792:
764:
515:
511:
460:
433:
418:
349:
305:
288:
284:
209:
169:
131:
624:
618:
555:
519:
478:
264:
244:
216:
189:
145:
52:
1059:
678:
802:
682:
591:
425:
361:
465:
121:
712:
445:
441:
398:
380:
315:
699:
694:
527:
523:
449:
429:
193:
717:
686:
651:
627:. Aetolia was mentioned in Francisco Baltazar's Florante at Laura.
598:
453:
394:
376:
201:
933:
John D. Grainger, The League of the Aitolians, 1999, p. 103 - 104.
873:"Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus - Γενικά Στοιχεία"
668:
587:
474:
437:
406:
353:
322:
240:
111:
67:
662:
647:
602:
575:
497:
410:
402:
365:
357:
236:
215:
In classical times Aetolia comprised two parts: "Old Aetolia" (
197:
165:
91:
1046:
This article incorporates material from Harry Thurston Peck's
1029:
Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
579:
862:
John D. Grainger, The League of the Aitolians, 1999, p. 40.
852:
John D. Grainger, The League of the Aitolians, 1999, p. 33.
690:
583:
559:
501:
463:, in early times. It soon became a powerful confederation (
414:
452:. As a result, they came into conflict with Antipater and
356:
originally inhabited the country, but at an early period
332:
566:
in 146 BC, Aetolia became part of the Roman province of
829:
975:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
646:1772 – 1841) a native of Aetolia was a Greek chief
278:
258:
230:
159:
904:
902:
196:to the west; on the north it had boundaries with
1057:
605:of Achaea, but mainly because of his origin in
899:
609:, a major centre of the rival Achaean League.
409:as goddess of wilderness. They also worshiped
654:, military commander and fighter of the 1821
1049:Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
562:. Following the conquest of the Achaeans by
542:The Aetolians allied with the Romans, while
444:, the Aetolians helped the Athenian general
424:The Aetolians refused to participate in the
510:In 229 BC, the Aetolians participated in a
590:several centuries later at the end of the
459:The Aetolians set up a united league, the
172:, forming the eastern part of the modern
634:
235:) in the west, from the Achelous to the
208:; and on the south the entrance to the
14:
1058:
522:, and were defeated by a coalition of
488:war and even more after repulsing the
964:
958:
798:List of traditional Greek place names
578:. There were subsequent invasions by
896:Istoriai, Thoucydides pages 243-246.
630:
512:naval battle off the island of Paxos
847:
845:
843:
24:
25:
1087:
379:. The Aetolians took part in the
291:, also called the Aetolian Boar.
287:as the scene of the hunt for the
840:
677:, Queen of Sparta and mother of
331:
314:
76:
60:
1023:
1011:
986:
945:
212:defined the limits of Aetolia.
27:For the online video game, see
936:
927:
890:
865:
856:
823:
814:
612:
496:and rescuing the sanctuary of
299:
13:
1:
808:
643:
164:) is a mountainous region of
1076:Historical regions in Greece
833:Roman Antiquities, Book 1, 1
830:Dionysius of Halicarnassus,
183:
7:
972:. In Smith, William (ed.).
786:
279:
259:
231:
160:
10:
1092:
616:
405:as god of tame nature and
373:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
303:
294:
168:on the north coast of the
26:
980:Little, Brown and Company
780:Greek War of Independence
656:Greek war of independence
268:
263:) or "Acquired Aetolia" (
248:
220:
149:
127:
117:
107:
97:
87:
75:
59:
49:
39:
751:Olympic racer in 200 BC
192:separates Aetolia from
43:
34:Region of Ancient Greece
1071:Ancient Greek geography
978:. Vol. 1. Boston:
564:Lucius Mummius Achaicus
548:Battle of Cynoscephalae
204:; on the east with the
658:
364:, led by the mythical
82:Map of ancient Aetolia
1036:May 15, 2008, at the
763:, leading man of the
638:
338:The Aetolian League,
321:Ruins of the ancient
243:; and "New Aetolia" (
29:Aetolia (online game)
1018:Chronicon (Eusebius)
912:. www.britannica.com
761:Agelaus of Naupactus
742:Theodotus of Aetolia
732:Dorimachus, general
514:in a coalition with
755:Pyrrhias of Aetolia
736:Nicolaus of Aetolia
729:Damocritus, general
671:, mythological hero
383:, under their king
371:, set up colonies.
66:Ancient and modern
772:, (1714–1779) monk
659:
135:(290–189 BC)
955:; Wilkes, p. 160.
910:"Aetolian League"
778:, fighter of the
770:Cosmas of Aetolia
724:Alexander Aetolus
631:List of Aetolians
477:monarchs and the
280:Aitolía Epíktitos
277:
269:Αἰτωλία Ἐπίκτητος
257:
229:
178:Aetolia-Acarnania
158:
139:
138:
16:(Redirected from
1083:
1040:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
996:. Archived from
990:
984:
983:
962:
956:
949:
943:
940:
934:
931:
925:
924:
918:
917:
906:
897:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
875:. Archived from
869:
863:
860:
854:
849:
838:
837:
827:
821:
818:
776:Dimitrios Makris
645:
640:Dimitrios Makris
572:Battle of Actium
348:Tribes known as
340:3rd century B.C.
335:
318:
282:
272:
270:
262:
252:
250:
234:
224:
222:
206:Ozolian Locrians
163:
153:
151:
80:
64:
37:
36:
21:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1038:Wayback Machine
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1003:
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992:
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987:
963:
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941:
937:
932:
928:
915:
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900:
895:
891:
882:
880:
871:
870:
866:
861:
857:
850:
841:
828:
824:
819:
815:
811:
793:Aetolian League
789:
765:Aetolian League
633:
621:
615:
490:Gallic invasion
461:Aetolian League
434:Archidamian War
419:Aetolian League
346:
345:
344:
343:
342:
336:
327:
326:
325:
319:
308:
306:Aetolian league
302:
297:
289:Calydonian Boar
285:Greek mythology
210:Corinthian Gulf
186:
170:Gulf of Corinth
134:
132:Aetolian League
83:
71:
55:
45:
42:
35:
32:
23:
22:
18:Ancient Aetolia
15:
12:
11:
5:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1041:
1022:
1020:145th Olympiad
1010:
985:
966:Smith, William
957:
944:
935:
926:
898:
889:
864:
855:
839:
836:, LacusCurtius
822:
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
800:
795:
788:
785:
784:
783:
773:
767:
758:
752:
745:
739:
733:
730:
727:
721:
715:
711:, hero of the
706:
697:
672:
666:
632:
629:
619:Ottoman Greece
614:
611:
556:Roman Republic
520:Achaean League
479:Achaean League
337:
330:
329:
328:
320:
313:
312:
311:
310:
309:
304:Main article:
301:
298:
296:
293:
190:Achelous River
185:
182:
137:
136:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
102:Western Greece
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
73:
72:
65:
57:
56:
53:Ancient Greece
50:
47:
46:
40:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1088:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1000:on 2007-10-18
999:
995:
989:
982:. p. 71.
981:
977:
976:
971:
967:
961:
954:
948:
939:
930:
923:
911:
905:
903:
893:
879:on 2015-04-03
878:
874:
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853:
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688:
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680:
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667:
664:
661:
660:
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653:
649:
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637:
628:
626:
620:
610:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:Antiochus III
549:
545:
540:
537:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
505:
504:the Saviour.
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
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355:
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341:
334:
324:
317:
307:
292:
290:
286:
281:
275:
266:
261:
255:
246:
242:
238:
233:
232:Paliá Aitolía
227:
221:Παλιά Αιτωλία
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
181:
179:
175:
174:regional unit
171:
167:
162:
156:
147:
143:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
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79:
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69:
63:
58:
54:
48:
38:
30:
19:
1047:
1025:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
988:
973:
960:
947:
942:Polybius 2.3
938:
929:
920:
914:. Retrieved
892:
881:. Retrieved
877:the original
867:
858:
832:
825:
816:
803:Aetolia Game
702:, father of
683:Clytemnestra
622:
596:
592:Roman Empire
554:against the
541:
532:
509:
506:
486:Amphictyonic
483:
464:
458:
426:Persian Wars
423:
392:
389:
347:
214:
187:
141:
140:
108:Major cities
994:"Smith Bio"
747:Pyrrhias,
613:Middle Ages
607:Megalopolis
528:Acarnanians
466:sympoliteia
300:Ancient era
260:Néa Aitolía
249:Νέα Αιτωλία
128:Key periods
1060:Categories
1004:2007-10-25
951:Polybius,
916:2010-09-10
883:2015-04-02
809:References
757:, general
720:, wrestler
713:Trojan War
685:, and the
665:, general
617:See also:
536:Social War
475:Macedonian
446:Leosthenes
442:Lamian War
399:Thucydides
381:Trojan War
51:Region of
744:, general
738:, general
700:Andraemon
695:Tyndareus
524:Illyrians
471:Philip II
450:Antipater
430:Naupaktos
274:romanized
254:romanized
226:romanized
194:Acarnania
184:Geography
155:romanized
70:, Aetolia
1034:Archived
1031:Pyrrhias
970:"Agetas"
968:(1867).
787:See also
718:Titormus
687:Dioscuri
652:armatole
599:Polybius
544:Philip V
518:and the
454:Craterus
395:Polybius
377:Locrians
202:Thessaly
118:Dialects
98:Location
1066:Aetolia
1052:(1898).
749:stadion
669:Aitolos
588:Vandals
516:Korkyra
494:Brennus
448:defeat
438:Calydon
407:Artemis
369:Aetolus
354:Leleges
350:Curetes
323:Calydon
295:History
276::
256::
241:Calydon
228::
161:Aitōlía
157::
150:Αἰτωλία
142:Aetolia
112:Thermon
88:Country
68:Thermon
44:Αἰτωλία
41:Aetolia
782:(1821)
726:, poet
663:Agetas
648:klepht
603:Aratus
586:, and
576:Patras
568:Achaea
498:Delphi
492:under
411:Athena
403:Apollo
366:eponym
358:Greeks
237:Evenus
198:Epirus
166:Greece
92:Greece
709:Thoas
704:Thoas
679:Helen
625:Turks
580:Goths
385:Thoas
360:from
265:Greek
245:Greek
217:Greek
146:Greek
122:Doric
953:2.10
693:and
691:Zeus
675:Leda
584:Huns
560:Rome
526:and
502:Zeus
415:Ares
362:Elis
239:and
200:and
188:The
689:by
176:of
1062::
919:.
901:^
842:^
681:,
650:,
644:c.
594:.
582:,
481:.
421:.
387:.
271:,
267::
251:,
247::
223:,
219::
180:.
152:,
148::
1007:.
886:.
642:(
144:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
