605:
643:
216:
582:
624:
55:
42:
570:
785:
which has a characteristic smell. Taken by mouth, experimental doses of the liquid in humans caused twenty-four hours of intense nausea, headache and bodily pain. Some people also experience dermatitis from contact with the leaf. Reports from
Australia state that when grain crops have been infested
511:
Scarlet pimpernel flowers open only when the sun shines, and even close in overcast conditions. This habit leads to names such as "shepherd's weather glass". It has been observed along the verges of salted roads, creating a broad red band along the roadside.
604:
1071:
Mari Källersjö; Gullevi
Bergqvist; Arne A. Anderberg (2000). "Generic realignment in primuloid families of the Ericales s.l.: a phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences from three chloroplast genes and morphology".
694:
is less often used in folk medicine worldwide than where it has long been familiar in its countries of origin. In various countries however, the plant material has been applied externally to slow-healing
802:
effects sufficiently intense to justify regarding the plant as poisonous. Reportedly an Indian practice of expelling leeches from dog nostrils can lead to fatal results if the animal swallows the fluid.
421:
with an upright stem. It has weak sprawling stems with square cross-section growing to about 5–30 centimetres (2–12 in) long. They bear bright green, soft, ovate sessile leaves in
429:
flowers, about 10–15 millimetres (0.4–0.6 in) in diameter, are produced singly in the leaf axils from spring to autumn. The petal margins are somewhat crenate and have small
1046:
581:
1258:
Watt, John
Mitchell; Breyer-Brandwijk, Maria Gerdina: The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa 2nd ed Pub. E & S Livingstone 1962
642:
500:, and should be treated as a separate species. The taxonomy has however not yet been resolved and various authorities propose either the subspecies
688:. Sufficiently high doses proved fatal. Less specifically the herb has been reported as being toxic to poultry and rabbits, and the seed to birds.
1843:
1528:
932:
1918:
1685:
842:
273:
with brightly coloured flowers, most often scarlet but also bright blue and sometimes pink. The native range of the species is Europe and
794:. When grazing in pasture, livestock usually leave the plant alone, but when they do nonetheless eat significant quantities, they suffer
1487:
Ulrika Manns; Arne A. Anderberg (2005). "Molecular
Phylogeny of Anagallis (Myrsinaceae) Based on ITS, trnL-F, and ndhF Sequence Data".
2003:
1050:
2256:
1781:
2269:
1869:
1794:
417:
When found as a summer annual, the scarlet pimpernel has a low-growing creeping habit, but as a winter annual, it forms a half-
1356:
2333:
2080:
2466:
1874:
1131:
456:. The weight of the fruiting body bends the stem, and the seeds are transported by the wind or rain. Blue-flowered plants (
2456:
2441:
1107:
1719:
1680:
1329:
1301:
Podolak I, Galanty A, Sobolewska D. Saponins as cytotoxic agents: a review. Phytochemistry
Reviews. 2010;9(3):425-474.
883:
24:
2461:
2436:
1395:
2395:
2121:
2070:
617:. The glandular hairs on the petal margins, at least 50 in this example, are clearly visible in the enlarged photo.
281:. The species has been distributed widely by humans, either deliberately as an ornamental flower or accidentally.
2282:
1923:
1830:
2359:
2390:
2065:
1435:
1234:
1209:
2021:
2168:
1905:
1626:
2222:
1763:
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1589:
1032:
623:
1430:. HarperCollins. pp. 260 - Part Two: The Second Age, II: "Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife".
2471:
2295:
2207:
2029:
1856:
1646:
1608:
2274:
1799:
1390:. United Kingdom: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 312, From a letter to Amy Ronald 16 November 1969.
2354:
2016:
1459:
902:
569:
54:
2310:
2126:
1933:
662:
2451:
2446:
1522:
1015:"Descriptions and articles about the Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis) - Encyclopedia of Life"
936:
1897:
1758:
1672:
684:. Experimental feeding of the plant material to various animals, such as horses and dogs, caused
215:
2090:
2008:
1982:
1848:
1745:
1551:
483:
1346:
750:, and to treat various mental disorders in European folk medicine, leading to the German name
1274:
874:
781:
is insecticidal, or at least is repellent to some insects, possibly by virtue of its pungent
406:
171:
20:
1959:
1822:
1693:
1472:
768:
meaning 'heal'). Generally however, documented evidence for clinical efficacy is lacking.
8:
2100:
1977:
728:
465:
453:
446:
426:
298:
2346:
2248:
2179:
1995:
1319:
1309:
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1504:
1089:
865:
848:
Antibacterial tests of the green parts failed to show any encouraging positive effect.
233:
195:
49:
1737:
2230:
1954:
1654:
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1431:
1391:
1352:
1325:
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1205:
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838:
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1508:
982:
676:
and bitter, and grazing livestock generally avoid eating it except in conditions of
2408:
2235:
2113:
1537:
1496:
1302:
1202:
Pflanzensoziologische
Exkursionsflora : für Deutschand und angrenzende Gebiete
1161:
1081:
908:
894:
665:
520:
449:
418:
2212:
2199:
1659:
1600:
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1941:
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1613:
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685:
314:
306:
92:
2057:
2034:
1969:
1910:
1165:
1070:
2341:
2189:
1990:
1476:
747:
743:
515:
Scarlet pimpernel has a wide variety of flower colours. The petals of the type
333:
79:
1372:
1306:
2425:
1724:
1574:
782:
536:
528:
187:
2372:
2300:
673:
2047:
1173:
1101:
831:
700:
681:
668:; it is harmfully toxic in several respects and accordingly undesirable in
290:
278:
274:
270:
2323:
1946:
1861:
893:
is said to be a little enlarged version of pimpernel, according to one of
2162:
1892:
1807:
1636:
1583:
1119:
677:
422:
351:
and is an indicator of light soils, though it grows opportunistically in
329:
321:
310:
138:
1773:
41:
2261:
1786:
1093:
879:
819:
712:
708:
555:
has clearly irregular petal margins with only 5 to 15 glandular hairs,
438:
285:
is now naturalised almost worldwide, with a range that encompasses the
1014:
996:
2243:
1812:
1732:
1706:
1320:
van Wyk, Ben-Erik; van
Heerden, Fanie; van Oudtshoorn, Bosch (2002).
815:
811:
739:
294:
148:
2287:
1545:
1085:
878:
is the alias of Sir Percy
Blakeney in the novel of the same name by
468:
region, and should not be confused with the related blue pimpernel,
2367:
2147:
2042:
1568:
1500:
799:
795:
790:
that contains much of the material becomes unpalatable to stock as
704:
430:
366:
286:
128:
118:
105:
1835:
1711:
1667:
1415:. Allen & Unwin. pp. Book Two, Chapter VI: "Lothlórien".
807:
720:
669:
302:
958:
360:
1698:
1621:
1292:, Andrew Duncan (the Younger), Bell & Bradfute, 1813, p 278
1187:
1186:
The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the
Internet;
890:
791:
716:
434:
372:
1152:(Myrsinaceae): New insights inferred from DNA sequence data".
1486:
787:
732:
696:
332:
until that family in turn was included in
Primulaceae in the
66:
1144:
Manns, Ulrika; Anderberg, Arne A. (2007). "Relationships of
1080:(9). American Journal of Botany, Vol. 87, No. 9: 1325–1341.
1033:"Anagallis arvensis in Flora of North America @ efloras.org"
547:
is blue. The blue form can be difficult to distinguish from
445:, but the flowers are also capable of autopollination. The
352:
348:
508:
Mill. The plant has a diploid chromosome count of 2n=40.
442:
653:
563:
has 50 to 70 hairs on only slightly irregular margins.
437:
have lollipop hairs and therefore attract a variety of
927:
925:
405:
The flower serves as the emblem of the fictional hero
862:
in Tamil) is one of the two flowers mentioned in the
810:, which could explain why fresh material is strongly
727:
has been used in treatment of non-specified types of
347:
This common European plant is generally considered a
959:"Lab Snapshots: anatomy of Anagallis arvensis petal"
922:
863:
857:
1413:The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
1199:
16:Species of flowering plant in the primrose family
2423:
1454:
551:, but the petal margins are diagnostic: whereas
1279:. CUP Archive. pp. 49–. GGKEY:ZF2C4UTG0H9.
935:. Connecticut Botanical Society. Archived from
1272:
1143:
320:Traditionally included in the primrose family
1466:Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
1351:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 371–.
1200:Oberdorfer, Erich; Schwabe, Angelika (2001).
903:The Lord of the Rings: Fellowship of the Ring
1064:
841:agents, bitters, and the proteolytic enzyme
763:
757:
751:
594:together with a colour variant closer to f.
1268:
1266:
1264:
1224:
731:, and of kidney-related conditions such as
699:and wounds. It also has been applied as an
504:(Mill.) Schinz & Thell, or the species
452:fruits ripen from August to October in the
397:
391:
385:
378:
1338:
40:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1137:
772:is traditionally known by pharmacists as
1261:
1225:Dörr, Erhard; Lippert, Wolfgang (2004).
933:"Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)"
834:, and arguably also in the Primulaceae.
830:species, also a member of the subfamily
648:'Anagallis arvensis' 'Scarlet Pimpernel'
464:) are common in some areas, such as the
214:
1489:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1425:
1410:
1385:
2424:
1344:
1313:
1243:
355:soils as well. The origin of the name
1550:
1549:
1227:Flora des Allgäus und seiner Umgebung
1218:
1154:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
654:Medical and agricultural significance
19:For the novel by Baroness Orczy, see
2396:81d00da9-aee0-4758-9d3e-eb312ed9bc95
2311:203b30e4-d334-4f1e-988b-7fcadcca7324
2071:73769fc1-8eb7-46ca-99a7-2551bbb6b91b
1934:0dddd3d5-ec3e-45fb-b737-34f8a8ac0eca
1373:"Thiruvalluvar.Thirukural, Kural-90"
1113:
956:
826:which is highly toxic and occurs in
1204:(8 ed.). Stuttgart: E. Ulmer.
377:, and ultimately from Vulgar Latin
13:
2360:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77100386-1
25:Scarlet Pimpernel (disambiguation)
14:
2483:
1516:
502:Anagallis arvensis subsp. foemina
2022:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329604-2
1322:Poisonous Plants of South Africa
983:"Factsheet - Anagallis arvensis"
851:
641:
622:
603:
580:
568:
425:pairs. The orange, red or blue,
53:
1523:Connecticut Botanical Society:
1419:
1404:
1388:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
1379:
1365:
1295:
1283:
1193:
1180:
359:comes from late Middle English
1290:The Edinburgh New Dispensatory
1276:Plants Poisonous to Live Stock
1124:New Flora of the British Isles
1039:
1025:
1007:
989:
975:
950:
806:The herb and its seed contain
575:Red Chickweed flower close up.
412:
269:, is a species of low-growing
1:
915:
365:, derived from Middle French
1481:King's American Dispensatory
1188:http://www.theplantlist.org/
884:film and musical adaptations
661:is generally unwelcome as a
7:
2467:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1166:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.022
1126:, 4th edition 2019, p 549.
864:
858:
762:meaning 'fool, cuckoo' and
680:or grazing of unsatisfying
490:is more closely related to
10:
2488:
2457:Flora of Lebanon and Syria
2442:Medicinal plants of Europe
1461:Wild Flowers Worth Knowing
1448:
1426:Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980).
1411:Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954).
1386:Tolkien, J. R. R. (1981).
1074:American Journal of Botany
957:Ples, Marek (2022-09-20).
207:(L.) U.Manns & Anderb.
18:
2137:
1558:
1307:10.1007/s11101-010-9183-z
328:was placed in the family
241:), commonly known as the
201:
194:
177:
170:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
23:. For other entries, see
2462:Plants described in 1753
2437:Medicinal plants of Asia
814:. Among other possible
263:shepherd's weather glass
259:poor man's weather-glass
1273:Harold C. Long (1917).
1190:(accessed January 2016)
373:
367:
361:
900:The flower appears in
818:, the root yields the
764:
758:
752:
484:molecular phylogenetic
398:
392:
386:
380:
224:
1538:USDA Plants Profile:
889:The fictional flower
875:The Scarlet Pimpernel
407:the Scarlet Pimpernel
218:
21:The Scarlet Pimpernel
1473:Harvey Wickes Felter
1229:. Eching: IHW-Verl.
1047:"Anagallis arvensis"
1019:Encyclopedia of Life
1001:(Scarlet pimpernel)"
742:. It was used as an
703:and as a remedy for
402:diminutive suffix).
255:poor man's barometer
2169:Lysimachia arvensis
2139:Lysimachia arvensis
1324:. Pretoria: Briza.
880:Baroness Emma Orczy
856:Scarlet pimpernel (
837:The plant contains
454:northern hemisphere
299:Indian Subcontinent
238:Lysimachia arvensis
204:Lysimachia arvensis
2472:Saponaceous plants
1983:Anagallis arvensis
1970:Anagallis_arvensis
1686:Anagallis_arvensis
1627:anagallis-arvensis
1590:Anagallis arvensis
1560:Anagallis arvensis
1540:Anagallis arvensis
1531:2011-06-05 at the
1525:Anagallis arvensis
1150:Anagallis arvensis
895:J. R. R. Tolkien's
779:Anagallis arvensis
770:Anagallis arvensis
723:, and snake-bite.
692:Anagallis arvensis
659:Anagallis arvensis
519:are bright red to
498:Anagallis arvensis
486:study showed that
476:Anagallis arvensis
427:radially symmetric
371:, from Old French
229:Anagallis arvensis
225:
221:Anagallis arvensis
181:Anagallis arvensis
35:Scarlet pimpernel
2419:
2418:
2081:scarlet-pimpernel
1955:Open Tree of Life
1552:Taxon identifiers
1358:978-1-259-08137-8
1348:PLANT TAXONOMY 2E
1146:Anagallis foemina
999:Angallis arvensis
882:and its numerous
506:Anagallis foemina
493:Anagallis monelli
488:Anagallis foemina
471:Anagallis foemina
344:by some authors.
243:scarlet pimpernel
213:
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1495:(6): 1019–1028.
1469:
1456:Blanchan, Neltje
1442:
1441:
1428:Unfinished Tales
1423:
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1132:978-15272-2630-2
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1049:. Archived from
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986:
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909:Unfinished Tales
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861:
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666:invasive species
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626:
607:
584:
572:
401:
395:
389:
383:
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267:shepherd's clock
206:
183:
163:A. arvensis
58:
57:
44:
32:
31:
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2452:Flora of Europe
2447:Flora of Africa
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1942:Observation.org
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1533:Wayback Machine
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963:weirdscience.eu
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686:gastroenteritis
672:. The plant is
656:
649:
646:
637:
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431:glandular hairs
415:
340:is included in
315:Southern Africa
307:Pacific Islands
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2159:
2143:
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2114:wfo-0000533162
2105:
2095:
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2062:
2052:
2039:
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2013:
2000:
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1517:External links
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1514:
1513:
1501:10.1086/449318
1484:
1477:John Uri Lloyd
1470:
1450:
1447:
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1331:978-1875093304
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1160:(3): 971–980.
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774:Arvensis Herba
748:ancient Greece
744:antidepressant
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628:
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334:APG III system
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1397:0-618-05699-8
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1116:
1109:
1108:full pdf.text
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
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1079:
1075:
1067:
1053:on 2012-05-02
1052:
1048:
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984:
978:
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939:on 2011-06-05
938:
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905:
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868:
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860:
852:In literature
849:
846:
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835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
801:
797:
793:
789:
786:by the weed,
784:
783:essential oil
780:
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509:
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494:
489:
485:
482:. In 2007, a
481:
477:
473:
472:
467:
466:Mediterranean
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
441:, especially
440:
436:
432:
428:
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420:
410:
408:
403:
400:
394:
388:
382:
375:
369:
363:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
336:. The genus
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
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264:
260:
256:
252:
251:red chickweed
248:
247:red pimpernel
244:
240:
239:
235:
231:
230:
223:, a blue form
222:
217:
209:
205:
200:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
176:
173:
172:Binomial name
169:
165:
164:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
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117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:Tracheophytes
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2138:
1559:
1539:
1524:
1492:
1488:
1480:
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1427:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1387:
1381:
1367:
1347:
1340:
1321:
1315:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1226:
1220:
1201:
1195:
1182:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1123:
1115:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:the original
1041:
1027:
1018:
1009:
998:
991:
977:
966:. Retrieved
962:
952:
941:. Retrieved
937:the original
907:
901:
899:
888:
873:
872:
855:
847:
836:
832:Myrsinoideae
827:
820:triterpenoid
805:
778:
777:
773:
769:
724:
713:haemorrhoids
691:
690:
663:cosmopolitan
658:
657:
633:
629:
614:
610:
595:
591:
587:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
524:
516:
514:
510:
505:
501:
497:
491:
487:
479:
475:
474:, sometimes
469:
461:
457:
416:
404:
356:
346:
341:
337:
325:
324:, the genus
319:
282:
279:North Africa
275:Western Asia
271:annual plant
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
236:
228:
227:
226:
220:
203:
202:
180:
178:
162:
161:
149:
112:
99:
86:
73:
29:
2347:kew-2896568
2163:Wikispecies
1996:kew-2636008
1893:NatureServe
1808:iNaturalist
1584:Wikispecies
1120:C. A. Stace
701:expectorant
678:overgrazing
630:A. arvensis
611:A. arvensis
588:A. arvensis
557:A. arvensis
523:-coloured;
458:A. arvensis
439:pollinators
413:Description
390:'pepper' +
381:piperīnella
368:pimprenelle
330:Myrsinaceae
322:Primulaceae
311:Australasia
283:A. arvensis
219:Azure-blue
139:Primulaceae
93:Angiosperms
2426:Categories
2342:Plant List
2288:77100386-1
2220:Calflora:
2088:WisFlora:
1991:Plant List
1644:Calflora:
1437:0618154043
1236:3930167611
1211:3800131315
1057:2012-12-16
968:2023-07-03
943:2007-02-24
916:References
866:Tirukkural
843:primverase
822:glycoside
816:glycosides
812:haemolytic
709:rheumatism
549:A. foemina
529:deep peach
374:piprenelle
362:pympernele
342:Lysimachia
2432:Anagallis
2373:100397700
2244:FloraBase
2154:Q21327968
1764:200016886
1751:200016886
1733:FloraBase
897:letters.
753:Gauchheil
740:nephritis
725:Anagallis
447:dehiscent
396:'-ine' +
357:pimpernel
338:Anagallis
326:Anagallis
295:East Asia
157:Species:
150:Anagallis
63:Kingdom:
2391:VicFlora
2380:VASCAN:
2368:Tropicos
2148:Wikidata
2066:VicFlora
2055:VASCAN:
2048:26400001
2043:Tropicos
1967:PalDat:
1898:2.138193
1849:11288847
1836:329604-2
1681:eFloraSA
1634:BioLib:
1569:Wikidata
1529:Archived
1509:83727080
1458:(2005).
1174:17869544
1102:10991903
828:Cyclamen
824:cyclamin
808:saponins
800:narcotic
796:diuretic
729:phthisis
705:pruritus
670:pastures
533:lilacina
517:arvensis
496:than to
423:opposite
287:Americas
196:Synonyms
135:Family:
129:Ericales
119:Asterids
106:Eudicots
2262:8184903
1787:3169305
1668:Ecocrop
1575:Q160573
1479:(1898)
1449:Sources
1094:2656725
906:and in
859:anicham
839:tanning
737:chronic
721:leprosy
682:stubble
553:foemina
541:pallida
480:foemina
450:capsule
435:stamens
419:rosette
303:Malesia
291:Central
145:Genus:
125:Order:
67:Plantae
2324:911381
2308:NZOR:
2301:115430
2275:467243
2213:222778
2200:223437
2197:APDB:
2177:AoFP:
2127:993889
2004:PLANTS
1960:486208
1947:114419
1931:NZOR:
1800:316552
1774:ANAARV
1771:FoIO:
1725:178783
1699:583434
1622:ARKive
1601:166629
1598:APDB:
1507:
1434:
1394:
1355:
1328:
1233:
1208:
1172:
1130:
1100:
1092:
891:Elanor
792:fodder
733:dropsy
717:rabies
697:ulcers
634:azurea
615:azurea
596:carnea
592:azurea
561:azurea
545:azurea
525:carnea
521:minium
462:azurea
460:Forma
433:. The
305:, the
297:, the
2383:28273
2331:PFI:
2249:36375
2236:6QQND
2223:13206
2187:APA:
2122:WoRMS
2098:WoI:
2078:WiO:
1875:24043
1844:IRMNG
1823:57368
1820:IPA:
1813:52830
1720:EUNIS
1712:ANGAR
1637:39303
1614:88051
1505:S2CID
1090:JSTOR
788:chaff
759:Gauch
674:acrid
537:lilac
478:ssp.
443:flies
399:-ella
387:piper
379:*
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
2355:POWO
2334:3819
2283:IPNI
2270:GRIN
2257:GBIF
2208:APNI
2190:5345
2180:1754
2091:2517
2058:6682
2035:1104
2017:POWO
2009:ANAR
1978:PfaF
1924:4337
1919:NCBI
1885:1707
1870:ITIS
1862:5352
1831:IPNI
1795:GRIN
1782:GBIF
1707:EPPO
1673:3187
1660:DD5P
1609:APNI
1475:and
1432:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1170:PMID
1148:and
1128:ISBN
1098:PMID
798:and
765:heil
735:and
393:-īn-
353:clay
349:weed
313:and
293:and
277:and
234:syn.
2404:WFO
2296:ISC
2231:CoL
2109:WFO
2101:466
2030:RHS
1906:NBN
1857:ISC
1759:FoC
1746:FNA
1738:293
1694:EoL
1655:CoL
1647:339
1497:doi
1493:166
1303:doi
1162:doi
1082:doi
746:in
632:f.
613:f.
590:f.
559:f.
535:is
527:is
265:or
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1571::
1503:.
1491:.
1464:.
1263:^
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1106:(
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1084::
1060:.
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1021:.
1003:.
997:"
985:.
971:.
946:.
756:(
598:.
384:(
232:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
