239:
33:
323:
In 1923 Fries' office distributed a "spider chart" to "patriotic groups" across the United States. The chart intended to show that all women's societies and church groups be regarded with suspicion concerning links to radical groups and
Communist leadership. The spider chart listed 21 individual
316:. He also leveled similar accusations at Florence Watkins, the executive secretary of the National Congress of Parent Teacher Associations. The pressure generated by Fries' accusations led to the National Congress of Parent Teacher Associations withdrawing its membership in the NCPW. The
290:
retired in 1919, Fries became the first peacetime overall chief of the
Chemical Warfare Service the following year. He served at that post until he retired from the Army in 1929. For his work with the Chemical Warfare Service he was awarded the
277:
Fries arrived in Europe as World War I raged, he expected to do more engineering work but was instead thrust into heading the fledgling Gas
Service Section, AEF. The Gas Service Section was mostly constituted by the
311:
plot. As CWS chief, Fries created a secret military intelligence unit within the
Chemical Warfare Service to monitor domestic subversion. Fries accused the National Council for Prevention of War (NCPW) of being a
777:
812:
307:", the Chemical Warfare Service maintained its arsenal despite public pressure and presidential wishes in favor of disarmament. Fries viewed calls for chemical disarmament as a
230:. His family moved to Missouri after he was born and then moved to Oregon. Fries earned an appointment to the United States Military Academy and graduated there in 1898.
822:
380:
Sugar
Coating Communism for Protestant Churches: Chart Showing Interlocking Membership of Churchmen, Socialists, Pacifists, Internationalists, and Communists
782:
827:
762:
671:
Address by Major
General Amos A. Fries Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service at the Opening Exercises Army Industrial College, September 1, 1925
767:
282:(originally the 30th Engineer Regiment (Gas and Flame)) and Fries commanded the section. He became the chief of the Overseas Division of the
653:
817:
486:
772:
292:
162:
317:
633:
608:
580:
438:
413:
247:
787:
325:
508:
van
Courtland Moon, John Ellis. "United States Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II: A Captive of Coalition Policy?" (
493:
670:
210:. He eventually became an important commander in World War I. After he retired from the Army in 1929, Fries wrote two
807:
687:
797:
695:
641:
616:
588:
530:
446:
421:
191:
238:
123:
802:
263:
675:
349:
255:
215:
148:
82:
792:
271:
207:
459:
283:
195:
138:
702:
490:
Hearings Before the
Committee on Finance, United States Senate on the proposed Tariff Act of 1921
757:
752:
8:
736:
707:
703:"Upholds Gas Warfare: Brigadier General Fries, Head of A.E.F. Service, Calls it Humane"
563:
464:
227:
187:
105:
55:
691:
637:
612:
584:
534:
526:
525:
Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). Generals in Khaki. Pentland Press, Inc. pp. 135–136.
442:
417:
287:
71:
460:"General Sibert Resigns: Head of Army's Chemical Warfare Service Resented Transfer"
279:
259:
203:
175:
133:
313:
304:
730:
329:
211:
550:
746:
93:
206:
in the
Philippines and oversaw the construction of the roads and bridges in
298:
270:. From 1914 to 1917 Fries oversaw the construction of roads and bridges in
538:
267:
251:
199:
152:
516:, Vol. 60, No. 3. (July, 1996), pp. 495–511. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
509:
308:
374:
Sugar
Coating Communism: A Plea for God and Country, Home and Family
348:
Fries died at the age of 90 on December 30, 1963, and was buried at
258:. During that time he saw combat under the leadership of Captain
32:
690:), originally published 1937, Kessinger Publishing, 2007, (
551:
Under a Green Sea: The US Chemical Warfare Service 19171929
778:
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
186:(March 17, 1873 – December 30, 1963) was a general in the
813:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
739:
at University of Oregon Libraries - Special Collections
496:), U.S. Government Printing Office, 1922, p. 374.
744:
823:United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
605:Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America
733:, ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website
553:". Thesis, George Washington University, 2008.
416:), Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 38, (
299:"Anti-communism" and chemical warfare advocacy
226:Amos Alfred Fries was born March 17, 1873, in
583:), Transaction Publishers, 2002, pp. 61–62, (
246:After graduating West Point Fries joined the
441:), Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 135. (
324:women and 17 organizations, among them the
194:. Fries was the second chief of the army's
783:United States Army generals of World War I
487:Committee on Finance, United States Senate
274:; he gained some notoriety for that work.
31:
828:19th-century United States Army personnel
622:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
364:(1921), co-authored with Clarence J. West
599:
597:
355:
237:
214:books. He died in 1963 and is buried in
480:
468:. Washington. April 7, 1920. p. 10
343:
37:Brig. Genl. A. A. Fries, August 5, 1921
763:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
745:
611:), Simon and Schuster, 1997, p. 190, (
504:
502:
393:
16:United States Army general (1873–1963)
768:United States Military Academy alumni
679:, Library, accessed October 21, 2008.
594:
427:
328:. Later in his life, Fries wrote two
452:
326:Daughters of the American Revolution
569:
499:
318:General Federation of Women's Clubs
13:
663:
233:
14:
839:
818:Military personnel from Wisconsin
724:
647:
636:), Basic Books, 2000, p. 470, (
514:The Journal of Military History
773:People from Viroqua, Wisconsin
711:. February 17, 1919. p. 5
556:
543:
519:
449:)., accessed October 21, 2008.
192:United States Military Academy
1:
424:), accessed October 21, 2008.
264:American Expeditionary Forces
221:
654:Burial Detail: Fries, Amos A
7:
788:United States Army generals
719:– via Newspapers.com.
676:National Defense University
476:– via Newspapers.com.
350:Arlington National Cemetery
293:Distinguished Service Medal
216:Arlington National Cemetery
174:Road/Bridge construction –
163:Distinguished Service Medal
83:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
844:
336:, published in 1937, and
272:Yellowstone National Park
208:Yellowstone National Park
190:and 1898 graduate of the
168:
158:
144:
129:
119:
111:
99:
89:
77:
61:
42:
30:
23:
386:
284:Chemical Warfare Service
196:Chemical Warfare Service
139:Chemical Warfare Service
94:United States of America
577:The Politics of the PTA
338:Sugar Coating Communism
266:(AEF) commander during
256:Philippine–American War
248:Army Corps of Engineers
149:Philippine–American War
808:Writers from Wisconsin
603:Evans, Sara Margaret.
433:Harber, Ludwig Fritz.
320:took the same action.
243:
798:Writers from Missouri
628:Bendersky, Joseph W.
549:Faith, Thomas Iain. "
356:Selected publications
242:At West Point in 1898
241:
202:. Fries served under
198:, established during
112:Years of service
344:Later life and death
803:Writers from Oregon
630:The "Jewish Threat"
435:The Poisonous Cloud
708:The New York Times
684:Communism Unmasked
575:Haar, Charlene K.
564:Front organization
465:The New York Times
368:Communism Unmasked
334:Communism Unmasked
286:in 1919, and when
250:and served in the
244:
228:Viroqua, Wisconsin
188:United States Army
106:United States Army
56:Viroqua, Wisconsin
737:Amos Fries papers
731:Amos Alfred Fries
408:Russell, Edward.
288:William L. Sibert
184:Amos Alfred Fries
181:
180:
72:Washington, D. C.
65:December 30, 1963
835:
793:Chemical warfare
720:
718:
716:
669:Fries, Amos A. "
657:
651:
645:
626:
620:
601:
592:
573:
567:
560:
554:
547:
541:
523:
517:
506:
497:
484:
478:
477:
475:
473:
456:
450:
431:
425:
406:
362:Chemical Warfare
280:1st Gas Regiment
260:John J. Pershing
204:John J. Pershing
200:World War I
176:Yellowstone Park
134:1st Gas Regiment
101:
68:
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
843:
842:
838:
837:
836:
834:
833:
832:
743:
742:
727:
714:
712:
701:
682:Fries, Amos A.
666:
664:Further reading
661:
660:
652:
648:
627:
623:
602:
595:
574:
570:
561:
557:
548:
544:
524:
520:
507:
500:
485:
481:
471:
469:
458:
457:
453:
432:
428:
407:
394:
389:
358:
346:
314:Communist front
305:interwar period
301:
236:
234:Military career
224:
173:
169:Other work
151:
137:
85:
78:Place of burial
70:
66:
54:
48:
46:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
841:
831:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
741:
740:
734:
726:
725:External links
723:
722:
721:
699:
680:
665:
662:
659:
658:
656:– ANC Explorer
646:
621:
593:
568:
555:
542:
518:
498:
479:
451:
426:
410:War and Nature
391:
390:
388:
385:
384:
383:
382:(chart – 1923)
377:
371:
365:
357:
354:
345:
342:
330:anti-communist
300:
297:
235:
232:
223:
220:
212:anti-communist
179:
178:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
146:
142:
141:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:(aged 90)
63:
59:
58:
53:March 17, 1873
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
840:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
748:
738:
735:
732:
729:
728:
710:
709:
704:
700:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
678:
677:
672:
668:
667:
655:
650:
643:
639:
635:
631:
625:
618:
614:
610:
606:
600:
598:
590:
586:
582:
578:
572:
565:
559:
552:
546:
540:
536:
532:
528:
522:
515:
511:
505:
503:
495:
491:
488:
483:
467:
466:
461:
455:
448:
444:
440:
436:
430:
423:
419:
415:
411:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
392:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
359:
353:
351:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
321:
319:
315:
310:
306:
296:
294:
289:
285:
281:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
240:
231:
229:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
135:
132:
128:
125:
124:Major General
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
104:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
64:
60:
57:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Amos A. Fries
22:
19:
713:. Retrieved
706:
688:Google Books
683:
674:
649:
634:Google Books
629:
624:
609:Google Books
604:
581:Google Books
576:
571:
558:
545:
521:
513:
494:Google Books
489:
482:
470:. Retrieved
463:
454:
439:Google Books
434:
429:
414:Google Books
409:
379:
373:
367:
361:
347:
337:
333:
322:
303:During the "
302:
276:
262:, later the
245:
225:
183:
182:
145:Battles/wars
67:(1963-12-30)
18:
758:1963 deaths
753:1873 births
268:World War I
254:during the
252:Philippines
153:World War I
747:Categories
715:January 4,
696:1432506161
642:0465006183
617:0684834987
589:0765808641
562:See also:
531:1571970886
472:January 4,
447:0198581424
422:0521799376
222:Early life
90:Allegiance
49:1873-03-17
376:(c. 1930)
309:Communist
115:1898–1929
539:40298151
130:Commands
100:Service/
332:books,
694:
640:
615:
587:
537:
529:
445:
420:
370:(1937)
172:Author
159:Awards
102:branch
510:JSTOR
387:Notes
717:2023
692:ISBN
638:ISBN
613:ISBN
585:ISBN
535:OCLC
527:ISBN
474:2023
443:ISBN
418:ISBN
120:Rank
62:Died
43:Born
686:, (
673:",
632:, (
607:, (
512:),
492:, (
412:, (
749::
705:.
698:).
644:).
619:).
596:^
591:).
533:.
501:^
462:.
395:^
352:.
340:.
295:.
218:.
579:(
566:.
437:(
136:,
51:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_at_West_Point_in_1898.png)